De La Salle University – Dasmariñas

College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology

Mechanical Engineering Department

POWER PLANT DESIGN LABORATORY

(MEET521D)

ACTIVITY NO. 1
(ENERGY PLAN)

PROPOSED 650MW COAL-FIRED

POWER PLANT DESIGN

JAYSON S. VERDEFLOR – MEE51

SUBMITTED BY

ENGR. WILFREDO G. VIDAL MSME, PME

SUBMITTED TO

FEBRUARY 20, 2019

DATE OF SUBMISSION
1. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Development Plan

Power Development Plan for 2016-2040:

The 2016-2040 Power Development Plan (PDP) provides the long-term

outlook on the demand and supply requirements in the three major Grids,
namely: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The PDP also presents the holistic
power sector roadmaps for the short-, medium- and long-term planning horizons.

Energy and Peak Demand Forecast

The Department of Energy (DoE) expects the country’s demand for
electricity in 2030 to reach 30,189 megawatts (MW), or nearly 70% more than the
current dependable capacity being supplied by the country’s existing power
plants.
In 2019, the power demand is expected to peak at 11.2 gigawatts (GW) in
Luzon, nearly 4% higher than the 10.8 GW for 2018, an increase that the Energy
department attributed to the “normal growth” in the energy requirement due to
greater economic activity.

Peak Demand, Electricity Consumption and Installed Capacity

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), including the
Philippines, embarks in enhancing the generation, transmission, distribution and
supply side as part of its national priorities

DEMAND

Despite the country’s increased exposure to global risks and uncertainties

including the detrimental impacts of natural calamities such as major typhoons,
namely Sendong (2011), Pablo (2012), and Yolanda (2013), Bohol Earthquake
(2013), and El Niño Phenomenon (2015-2016), electricity consumption grew by
19.14 percent from 69,176 GWh in 2011 to 82,413 GWh in 2015 or an annual
average growth rate of 4.49 percent.
The increase is attributed to the impressive performance of the economy
from 2010 to 2015 driven by the robust growth of the services, industrial and
agriculture sectors, among others. Similarly, improvements in the supply side,
specifically in the entry of power generation plant which augmented the total
installed capacity of the country, is strongly linked with this demand side
expansion.
The share of each of the sectors comprising the total electricity
consumption remained stable during the five-year period. The electricity intensive
industrial sector and the residential sector’s share to total electricity consumption
remained the largest with an average share of 27 percent. Meanwhile, buildings,
street lights, irrigation and others which are not classified constitute the smallest
share at 2.56 percent. The share of “own-use” consumption of power plants and
distribution utilities and the power losses are maintained at an average share of 8
and 10 percent, respectively.
Positive growth rates of electricity sales and consumption were observed
from 2011 to 2015. The aggressive performance of the residential sector resulted
to 5.06 percent annual average growth rate.
The increasing access to electricity of the population and the rising real
income per capita8 over the years which raised the capacities of households to
buy basic commodities including electricity, led to the increase in consumption on
the residential level. On a per grid basis, Luzon, the country’s center for
commerce, business activities and major economic developments, sustained its
major share to total consumption at 73.99 percent, followed by Visayas and
Mindanao at 13.60 and 12.42 percent, respectively.

Peak Demand
The annual average growth rates of
peak demand for Luzon and are in the 4%
level. Due to its already matured and highly
industrialized economy, Luzon’s peak
demand has been recorded the highest for
the whole country from 2011-2014. Peak
demand for Luzon occurred during the
summer months of April, May and June and
is triggered by the increase in the usage of
cooling and air-conditioning units due to
high temperature.

SUPPLY Figure 1. Peak Demand Curve 2011-2015

Increasing installed capacity15 is a good economic reference that the

power sector is improving and adapting to the growing demand of the country.
Moreover, the installed capacity of Renewable Energy (RE), both the
conventional type such as geothermal, hydroelectric and biomass, and the
variable RE such as solar and wind grew significantly at the end of 2015. This is
due to the continuous promotion and encouragement of the DOE to RE
developers through fiscal and non-fiscal incentives.
 In Luzon, total installed capacity rose to 13,668MW while total dependable
capacity grew to 12,179 MW in 2015, associated with 16.4%t and 12.51% growth
from 2011-2015.

Figure 2. Luzon Installed, Dependable, and Available Capacity by Plant

Type, 2011-2015 (In MW)

About 25% of this increase came from the operation of the new large coal
plants. The recommissioning of 242 MW Therma Mobile Power Barges (Former
Duracom) in Navotas and the 116 MW Subic Diesel fuel-fired Power Plant were
also added to the total capacity of Luzon. Recently, Hopewell Gas Turbine was
turned over to Millennium Energy, Inc. (MEI) and the successful recommissioning
of the 100 MW Gas turbine in Navotas in May 2015 commenced. The
commercial operation of the 20 MW Maibarara geothermal plant in Batangas,
recommissioning of 130 MW Bacman geothermal plant in Sorsogon and uprating
of 132 MW Binga
Hydroelectric
plant also
increased the
capacity of
geothermal and
hydro plants from
2011-2015.

Table 1. Luzon
Additional Capacities,
2011-2015 (In MW)
Power Demand-Supply Outlook, 2016-2040

To meet the projected electricity demand including reserve requirement,

the power system capacity addition that the Philippines will need by 2040 is
43,765 MW broken down as follows: 25,265 MW for baseload, 14,500 MW for
mid-merit and 4,000 MW for peaking.

Luzon grid’s peak demand by 2040 is expected to triple from 9,726 MW in

2016 to 29,852 MW by 2040. With this expected electricity demand growth, the
grid will be needing 13,635 MW of baseload capacity, 8,300 MW of mid-merit
capacity and 2,450 MW peaking capacity with a total of 24,385 MW capacity
addition in the grid. Considering the existing available capacity including the
committed capacity up to 2020, Luzon will start to need additional capacity by
2023.

Figure 3. Luzon Demand-Supply Outlook

2. COAL FIRED POWERPLANT

Coal fired power plants are a type of power plant that make use of the
combustion of coal in order to generate electricity. Their use provides around 40% of
the world's electricity and they are primarily used in developing countries. Countries
such as South Africa use coal for 94% of their electricity and China and India use coal
for 70-75% of their electricity needs, however the amount of coal China uses dwarfs
most other countries. The use of coal provides access to electricity to those who
previously didn't have it, which helps to increase quality of life and reduce poverty in
those regions, however it produces large quantities of different pollutants which reduces
air quality and contributes to climate change.

BUILDING A COAL FIRED POWER STATION

The building of a power station is a lengthy, costly, complicated process and a large
number of factors influence the final decision.

The Decision-making Process

Any decision on new capacity is based on Eskom’s Integrated Strategic Electricity Plan
(ISEP). The plan takes numerous factors into account to estimate future growth in
electricity demand. The nature of the growth must also be taken into consideration as
an increase in either base load requirements or peaks in demand, will determine the
type of power station to be built and the priority of construction. Eskom’s planning
processes are matched by similar processes carried out by the Department of Minerals
and Energy Affairs and the National Electricity Regulator (NER).
Site Selection

When deciding on the location of a power station, factors such as the following are
taken into consideration:

- availability and accessibility of primary energy - coal and water

- the ease with which the new station can be integrated into the national transmission
network

- environmental impacts of both the power station and its related infrastructure, such as
transmission lines

- construction period

- impact on the local area in terms of its communities and natural environment

- emissions - particulate and gaseous

- capital costs

- operating costs

- employment

The site selection process starts with broad, minimum criteria, resulting in the
identification of a relatively large number of potential sites. In the case of a coal-fired
power station a priority is the availability of coal and water. Once the potential sites have
been identified, more rigorous criteria are applied to narrow down the number of
possible sites still further.
Legal Processes: Licences and Approvals

A number of Government departments and regulatory bodies are involved in the

process of constructing a power station.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Process:

An important step in the process of building a power station, is obtaining the necessary
environmental approvals from the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism
(DEAT). This is achieved by means of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
process, which includes a wide variety of specialist studies and a strong public
participation component. By means of the EIA process, all possible impacts of the
project on the natural and social environment are identified and mitigation measures
developed. The outcome of the EIA process is an Environmental Impact Report, which
is submitted to DEAT for approval. After due consideration, DEAT will issue a Record of
Decision (ROD).

Licences to Operate:

The following licences and/or permits have to be obtained:

- The NER has to issue a licence to construct and operate the new station. Licences will
also be required to transmit and distribute the electricity.

- The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) has to issue a permit for the
required water use.

- The Chief Air Pollution Control Officer (CAPCO) in DEAT has to issue a licence
prescribing the emissions the station is allowed to release.

- District Councils and local municipalities issuing licence prescribing the emissions the
station is allowed to release.
Construction Phases

1. Awarding of Contracts

The civil works, boiler, turbine, auxiliary plant, electrical and control and instrumentation
contracts form part of the main contracts in terms of which the overall construction plan
is implemented. Derived from these, many smaller companies are involved as sub-
contractors.

2. Site Establishment

This phase deals with the provision of the infrastructure required for the main
contractors to begin work. Land needs to be levelled, water, sewerage and electrical
services to be provided, roads constructed and construction offices established. The
terrain needs to be fenced off and security control and first aid facilities put in place.

3. Construction

Construction starts with the setting out and excavation of foundations. If the power
station is to use a conventional wetcooling system, the trenches and pipe work for the
cooling water ductings must be in place before construction of the turbine hall
commences.

Although a number of areas are under construction at the same time, the main areas
are the foundations of the boiler house, turbine hall, cooling towers and chimneys.

The period from site establishment and commencement of civil work, to the point where
the first boiler and turbine can be commissioned, is approximately four years.
Subsequent units would be commissioned at intervals of nine to twelve months.

4. Commissioning
Auxiliary plant systems need to be commissioned first to provide logistical support for
boiler and turbine operation.These include water treatment, coal supply and ash
handling systems, electrical supplies and the transmission network.

Boiler and turbine commissioning initially involves the cleaning of all water, steam and
auxiliary pipework. Important equipment such as motors, pumps, lights and control
circuits are among the first items to be commissioned.

Safety checks and testing are carried out before any plant is commissioned.

Plant and equipment that has been commissioned is “taken over” by Eskom, although
the contractor still remains responsible for defects. A production unit (boiler, turbine and
generator) is taken over by Eskom and put into commercial operation once all the tests
have been successfully carried out.

5. Staffing

Eskom will manage all contracts in accordance its new build policy. Eskom personnel
who will be responsible for the running and maintenance of the plant are appointed and
trained during construction. By working closely with the contractors during the
commissioning and take-over phases they are readied for the moment when the power
station is finally connected to the grid for commercial production of electricity.
3. DEMOGRAPHICS

Location Map of Selected Site

Brgy. Jose Panginiban, Camarines Norte

COORDINATES: 14.28151°N 122.6999°E

POPULATION: 59, 639 (2015)

LAND AREA: 214.44 KM2 (82.80 SQ. MILES)

Jose Panganiban, officially the Municipality of Jose Panganiban, is a 2nd

class municipality in the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the
2015 census, it has a population of 59,639 people.
The municipality was formerly known as Mambulao, a word taken from “mambulawan,”
meaning bountiful in gold. It was renamed to honor José María Panganiban on
December 1, 1934.

Jose Panganiban is politically subdivided into 27 barangays.

1. Bagong Bayan
2. Calero
3. Dahican
4. Dayhagan
5. Larap
6. Luklukan Norte
7. Luklukan Sur
8. Motherlode
9. Nakalaya
10. Osmeña
11. Pag-Asa
12. Parang
13. Plaridel
14. North Poblacion
15. South Poblacion
16. Salvacion
17. San Isidro
18. San Jose
19. San Martin
20. San Pedro
21. San Rafael
22. Santa Cruz
23. Santa Elena
24. Santa Milagrosa
25. Santa Rosa Norte
26. Santa Rosa Sur
27. Tamisan

5. Projected Capacity

For the 2016-2040, to meet the projected electricity demand including

reserve requirement, the power system capacity addition that the Philippines will
need by 2040 is 43,765 MW broken down as follows: 25,265 MW for baseload,
14,500 MW for mid-merit and 4,000 MW for peaking.
 With these, an indicative plan of 700 MW Coal Fired Power Plant will be
established in Brgy. Jose Panginiban, Camarines Norte to help the country in
meeting the demand and reserve requirements for electrical power.