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Generic Name: levonorgestrel
Brand Name: Plan B
Introduction:
Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption: proximal part of small intestine.
• Elimination: urine
Mechanism of action:
Mechanism of action on ovulation
Oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel suppress gonadotropins, inhibiting
ovulation. Specifically, levonorgestrel binds to progesterone and androgen
receptors and slows the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from
the hypothalamus. This process results in the suppression of the normal
physiological luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that precedes ovulation. It inhibits
the rupture of follicles and viable egg release from the ovaries. Levonorgestrel has
been proven to be more effective when administered before ovulation.
When combined with estrogens for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and
prevention of osteoporosis, levonorgestrel serves to lower the carcinogenic risk of
unopposed estrogen therapy via the inhibition of endometrial proliferation.
Unregulated endometrial proliferation sometimes leads to endometrial cancer after
estrogen use.
Indications:
Emergency contraception
Levonorgestrel, in the single-agent emergency contraceptive form, is indicated for
the prevention of pregnancy after the confirmed or suspected failure of
contraception methods or following unprotected intercourse. It is distributed by
prescription for patients under 17, and over the counter for those above this
age. This levonorgestrel-only form of contraception is not indicated for regular
contraception and must be taken as soon as possible within 72 hours after
intercourse. It has shown a lower efficacy when it is used off label within 96 hours.
Long-term contraception or nonemergency contraception
In addition to the above indication in emergency contraception, levonorgestrel is
combined with other contraceptives in contraceptive formulations designed for
regular use, for example with ethinyl estradiol. It is used in various hormone-
releasing intrauterine devices for long-term contraception ranging for a duration of
3-5 years.
Hormone therapy and off-label uses
Levonorgestrel is prescribed in combination with estradiol as hormone therapy
during menopause to manage vasomotor symptoms and to prevent
osteoporosis.Off-label, levonorgestrel may be used to treat menorrhagia,
endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrios
Dose
Method of administration
One tablet should be taken as soon as possible, preferably within 12 hours, and no
later than 72 hours after unprotected intercourse
If vomiting occurs within three hours of taking the tablet, another tablet should be
taken immediately.
Women who have used enzyme-inducing drugs during the last 4 weeks and need
emergency contraception are recommended to use a non-hormonal EC (emergency
contraception), i.e. Cu-IUD or take a double dose of levonorgestrel (i.e. 2 tablets
taken together) for those women unable or unwilling to use Cu-IUD
Levonorgestrel 1.5mg tablets can be used at any time during the menstrual cycle
unless menstrual bleeding is overdue.
Contraindication
leukemia
uterine fibroids
breast cancer
diabetes
an ovarian cyst
Side effect
heavier or lighter than usual menstrual bleeding
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
tiredness
headache
dizziness
Nursing Consideration
Reference
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00367
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a610021.html
https://www.slideshare.net/diptisorte/drugs-used-in-hormonal-
disorders-amp-supplementation-e
https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/sexual-
health/levonorgestrel-13-08-2004/
(Retrived on:-october 3)
Bimla shrestha
Roll no 8