MAKALAH

VIBRATION AND WAVE

Submitted to fulfill Physics course semester I

BY:

ANNISA NURSALSABILLAH NST 4193131022

MHD SHOLEH KURNIAWAN NST 4193332002

NOVIRA RAMADHANI 4193131027

PREFACE
Praise and gratitude we panjatkan the presence of God Almighty. Top of grace and his karunian I can finish this paper. This

paper is the task of the Odd Semesters General Physics lesson that is “Vibration and Wave”

Thanks to the Teacher to study have helped me in this paper. If any of the criticism and suggestions that build please

delivered.

Hopefully this scientific masterpiece can provide information that is useful and beneficial for us. If there are errors in the

writing and preparation of this paper please be forgiven.

Medan, September 3 2019

Writter

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter 1 Introduction

Background 1

Formulation Of The Problem 1

The Purpose Of The Writing 1

Chapter 2 Discussion

Definition and example of vibration 2

Period and Frequency of Vibration

Relationsip between and the Periode and Frequency 3

Problem and Solution 4

Definition of wave 6

Kind of Wave 6

Long and spread quick wave 9

Application of Vibration and Wave 10

BAB I

INTRODUCTION

Background
A.
At the time of this modern all-round technology becomes important. Technology can make it easier to work and shorten
the distance that's actually thousands of miles, misalnyadengan using the phone. One of the important things that
support keberadaanteknologi is a means, such as energy or waves as a medium. Many electronics that utilize the
properties of waves, such as the nature of the wave can propagate in a vacuum is used to create the light bulb where is
the light bulb in a vacuum.
Many electronic tools around us are utilizing the technology wave, but most of us do not yet fully know and understand.
And we'll discuss the utilization of waves and waves of sound in everyday life are more specific in the next chapter.

Formulation Of The Problem

B.
From various reviews listed in the background paper, then the problem can be taken some formulation problems:
1. What is vibration?
2. What are the material – material in Vibration?
 3. What does the waves?
4. What are the sections of the wave?

C. The Purpose Of The Writing

1.To know the sense of vibration
2.To know the sections of vibration
3.To know the understanding of wave
4.To find out which sections of the waves

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

VIBRATION
 Definition

Vibration is Movement back and forth of an object on the same track

1 vibration = 1 –2 –3 –2 –1

amplitude is 2-1 distance or 3-2 distance

 Example of Vibration :

 pendulum wall clock that is swaying

 guitar light picked
 swing of children being played
 Loaded springs
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 Period and Frequency of Vibrations

Period
Perode is the time used in one vibration and is given the symbol T. if the time
required by the pendulum to move from B to A, to C, to A, and back to B is 0.2
seconds, then the vibration period of the pendulum is 0, 2 seconds or T = 0.2 seconds
= 0.2 s.
Informatoin:
T=Period
T=t/n
t=time(s)
n = vibration

Frequency is the number of vibrations carried out by the system in one second, given
the symbol f. if in the time it takes for the pendulum to move from 2-1, 1-3, 3-1 and
back to 2, with 0.2 seconds, then: - within 0.2 seconds the pendulum undergoes a full
vibration - within 1 second the pendulum undergoes 5 full vibrations It is said that
the vibration frequency of the pendulum system is 5 vibrations / second or f = 5 Hz

Information :
f=n/t
f = frequency(Hz)
n= number of vibration
t = time (s)

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 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERIOD AND FREQUENCY

Information :
T = period, the unit is seconds
f = vibration frequency, the unit is 1/s or s-1 or Hz

 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

1. A pendulum vibrates 30 times. Determine the pendulum frequency if the time required
for the pendulum is 60 seconds. Known : n = 30 t = 60 s asked: f. . . . ?
answer:
f=n/t
f=30/60
f=½Hz
so the pendulum frequency is ½ Hz

2. A pendulum vibrates for 1 minute. Determine the pendulum period if pendulum vibrates
15 vibration.
known:
t = 1 minute = 60 s
n = 15
T = t/n
T = 60/15
T=4
So the period of the pendulum is 4 seconds.
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3. The period of a vibration is 1/2 second. Determine:

a) vibration frequency
 b) the amount of vibration in 5 minutes
Answer :
Known :
T = 1/2 second
t = 5 minutes = 5 x 60 = 300 seconds

a. vibration frequency :
f=1/T
f = 1 / (0.5)
f = 2 Hz

b. number of vibrations :
in 5 minutes = 300 seconds
n=txf
n = 300 x 2
n = 600 vibrations

WAVE
 DEFINITION
Waves are vibrations that move from one place to another through certain media or even without going
through the media (vacuum). So the wave is a repetitive vibration, it propagates through certain media
or without media, moving from one place to another. Medium itself is a medium or substance that
carries waves.
 KINDS OF WAVES

1. Based on the Wave Medium divided by two:

a. Mechanical Waves
Mechanical waves are waves that in the process of propagation require a medium (intermediate
substance). This means that if there is no medium, then waves will not occur. An example is the
Sound Wave whose intermediate air, so if there is no air the sound will not be heard.

b. Electromagnetic wave
Electromagnetic waves are waves which in the process of propagation do not require a medium
(intermediate substance). This means that these waves can propagate under any circumstances
without the need for a medium. An example is light waves that continue to exist and do not require
intermediates.

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2. Based on the Direction of Vibration and the Direction of Creepage, the Wave is
divided into two, namely:
a. Transverse waves
Transverse waves are waves whose vibrational direction is perpendicular to the direction
of propagation. The shape of the Vibration is in the form of valleys and hills (can be
seen in the image below).
 Based on the picture we can explain that: The direction of the wave propagation above is left and
right, while the direction of vibration is up and down. So that's what is meant by the direction of
propagation perpendicular to the direction of the vibration. Examples of transverse waves:

 Vibration of the guitar strings picked

 The vibration of the rope shaking at one end

b. Longitudinal Waves
Longitudinal waves are waves whose direction is parallel to the direction of their
vibrations. The form of vibration is in the form of density and space (can be seen in the
image below).

3.Based on its amplitude (farthest drift) the waves are also divided into two:

a. Waves Running

A traveling wave is a wave whose amplitude is fixed at each point a wave travels, for example waves
on a rope
 c. Silent waves
Silent waves are waves whose amplitude changes, for example waves on a guitar string being
picked

 LONG AND SPREAD QUICK WAVE

Wavelength

Definition of Wavelength

The length of a wave is equal to the distance traveled in a period.

1) Wavelength of transverse waves

In transverse waves, one wave consists of 3 vertices and 2 stomachs. The distance between two
consecutive vertices or stomachs is called half wavelength or ½ λ (lambda)

2) Wavelength of longitudinal waves

In longitudinal waves, one wave (1l) consists of 1 density and 1 stretch

3) Fast Wave Propagation

The distance traveled by waves in one second is called wave propagation. Fast wave propagation is
represented by v and its units m / s or m s-1. The relationship between v, f, λ, and T is as follows:
 Information :
λ = wavelength, the unit is meters (m)
v = velocity of wave propagation, the unit is meter / second (ms -1)
T = period of wave, unit of seconds or second (s)
f = wave frequency, the unit is 1 / second or 1 / second (s-1)
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 APLICATION OF VIBRATION AND WAVE

1) Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique using ultrasonic waves with frequencies

between 1 MHz to 8 MHz. Ultrasonography is widely used to see the internal structure of the body,
such as blood vessels, infants in the womb, cancer, muscle, bone, and joints.

2) Sonar

Sonar is a technique that uses the penjalaran sound in water to navigation or to detect objects
in water (such as fish and corals) and also to determine the depth of the ocean floor that is obtained
by way of transmitting sound into the water. To measure the depth of the sea, the required
transducer and detectors. The transducer functioned to convert electrical signals into ultrasonic
waves emitted into the seabed. The reflection of waves will cause echoes and reflected back to the
ship, then arrested the detector.

3) Ultrasonic Therapy
 Ultrasonic therapy is a therapy used in medical purposes such as breaking up stone deposits in
patients with kidney stones, cleaning teeth, and handling cataracts by emitting waves with high
frequency around 8.00 Hz to 2,000 Hz in body tissues
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4) Ultrasonic Cleaner

Ultrasonic cleaner is a device used to clean certain objects such as jewelry, watches, surgical
instruments, musical instruments, laboratory equipment, and certain electronic devices by emitting
ultrasonic waves with a frequency between 20 KHz - 400 KHz and certain cleaning.

5) Sonification
Sonification is the process of energizing ultrasonic waves in a material, so that the material can
be broken down into very small parts. Sonification is usually done to produce nanoparticles, such
as nanoemulsion and nanocrystal. In addition, sonification can also accelerate oil extraction from
plant tissues and refining petroleum.
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