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The streamfunction for a potential vortex (with positive anti-clockwise circulation) is given
by
−Γ −Γ
Ѱ (r )= lnr = ln (x −x0 )2 +( y − y 0)2
2π 2π √
where Γ is the circulation and r is the distance from the centre of the vortex. The center
coordinates are given by (x0,y0).
A. Show that the time it takes for a fluid particle to circulate around this vortex, tc, is given
by
4 π2 r2
t c=
Γ
Derivamos la función Ѱ (r ) respect de r:
ƏѰ −Γ Ə ln r −Γ 1
= =
Ər 2 π Ər 2π r
De las coordenadas polares para la función Ѱ (r ) tenemos:
ƏѰ
=−u Ɵ
Ər
1 ƏѰ
=ur =0
r ƏƟ
Entonces:
−Γ 1
−uƟ =
2π r
Γ =2 π . r . uƟ
Əs
Γ =2 π . r .( )
Ət
∫ Γ Ət = ∫ 2 π .r . Əs
Γ t c =2 π . r .(2 π . r)
4 π2 r2
t c=
Γ
B. Show that the Cartesian components of velocity, u and v can be written as
−Γ y− y 0
u ( x , y )= ⦋
2 π ¿¿ ¿
Γ x−x 0
Y v ( x , y )= ⦋
2 π ¿¿ ¿
Para la partícula en el eje x:
Ə x ≅ Əs
ƏѰ
=v cosα=v . n^
Əs
ƏѰ
=−v
Əx
Para la partícula en el eje y:
Ə y ≅ Əs
v . n^ =u
Tenemos:
ƏѰ
=u
Əy
ƏѰ =u Ə y−v Ə x
ƏѰ ƏѰ
ƏѰ = Əx − Əy
Əx Əy
ƏѰ ƏѰ
u= −v=
Əy Əx
ƏѰ
Entonces: u ( x , y )=
Əy
Ə
u ( x , y )= ¿
Əy
−Γ
u ( x , y )= ¿
2π
−Γ ( y− y 0)
u ( x , y )= x
2π ¿¿¿
−ƏѰ
Entonces: v ( x , y )=
Əx
−Ə
v ( x , y )= ¿
Əx
Γ
v ( x , y )= ¿
2π
Γ (x −x0 ¿ ¿)
v ( x , y )= x
2π √¿ ¿¿ ¿
C. Note that u(x, y) and v(x, y) are singular at (x, y) = (x0, y0). Analytically, this is not usually
an issue. However, when you are writing a computer program to solve problems or track
particles, functions that have singularities will usually cause your program to “blow up”. In
order to regularise u and v, it is proposed to use following streamfunction,
−Γ
Ѱ δ (r )= ln √(r )2+(δ)2
2π
as the streamfunction for the vortex instead of Eq. (8). Show that the Cartesian components
of velocity, u and v can be written as
−Γ y − y 0
u δ ( x , y )= ⦋
2 π ¿¿¿
Γ x −x0
Y v δ ( x , y )= ⦋
2π ¿¿¿
Comment on the assumption of irrotational flow for a vortex as defined in equation (12)
Tenemos lo siguiente:
r 2=(x−xo)2 +( y − yo)2
−Γ
Ѱ ( x , y )= ln ( x−x 0 )2 + ( y − y 0 )2+ δ 2
√
2π
ƏѰ ƏѰ
u ( x , y )= v ( x , y )=
Əy Əx
Entonces:
−Γ
Ə( ln √( x −xo)2+( y− yo )2+(δ)2 )
2π
u ( x , y )=
Əy
−Γ 1 1 2( y − yo)
u ( x , y )=
2 π ln √( x−xo) +( y− yo) +(δ) 2 ln √(x−xo)2 +( y − yo)2 +( δ)2
2 2 2
−Γ ( y− yo)
u ( x , y )=
2 π ( x + xo )2 + ( y + yo )2+ δ 2
Finalmente:
−Γ
Ə( ln √ (x−xo)2+( y − yo)2+(δ )2 )
2π
v ( x , y )=
Əx
Γ 1 1 2( x−xo)
v ( x , y )=
2 π ln √( x−xo) +( y − yo) +(δ ) 2 ln √( x−xo)2 +( y− yo)2 +( δ)2
2 2 2
Γ ( x−xo)
v ( x , y )=
2 π ( x + xo )2+ ( y + yo )2 +δ 2
D. Four vortices of the form given in equation (12) with δ = 0.5, are arranged in an
unbounded space with the following properties to model a mixing flow due to four fixed
stirrers.
Use the quiver command in Matlab to plot the velocity vector field associated with this
arrangement. (use a vector spacing of 0.2 in the x and y directions).
>> % plot the velocity vector field xo=-4 yo=0 r=-1 d=0.5
>> [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2,-2:0.2:2);
>> u=-1*(-1)*(y-0)./((2*3.1416)*(((x+4)^2)+(y-0)^2));
>> v=(-1)*(x+4)./((2*3.1416)*(((x+4)^2)+((y-0)^2)+0.5^2));
>> quiver(x,y,u,v)
>> % plot the velocity vector field xo=4 yo=0 r=-1 d=0.5
>> [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2,-2:0.2:2);
>> u=-1*(-1)*(y-0)./((2*3.1416)*(((x-4)^2)+(y-0)^2));
>> v=(-1)*(x-4)./((2*3.1416)*(((x-4)^2)+((y-0)^2)+0.5^2));
>> quiver(x,y,u,v)
Ploteo para el Vortex 3:
>> % plot the velocity vector field xo=0 yo=4 r=-1 d=0.5
>> [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2,-2:0.2:2);
>> u=-1*(-1)*(y-4)./((2*3.1416)*(((x-0)^2)+(y-4)^2));
>> v=(-1)*(x)./((2*3.1416)*(((x)^2)+((y-4)^2)+0.5^2));
>> quiver(x,y,u,v)
Ploteo para el Vortex 4:
>> % plot the velocity vector field xo=0 yo=-4 r=-1 d=0.5
>> [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2,-2:0.2:2);
>> u=-1*(-1)*(y+4)./((2*3.1416)*(((x-0)^2)+(y+4)^2));
>> v=(-1)*(x)./((2*3.1416)*(((x)^2)+((y+4)^2)+0.5^2));
>> quiver(x,y,u,v)