Universidad de Guadalajara

Centro Universitario del Sur

División de Ciencias de la Salud
Departamento de Promoción de la Salud
Desarrollo de la Salud

de Autor desconocido está

bajo licencia

Licenciatura en Enfermería
Enfermería Avanzada
2.2 Síndrome Coronario Agudo
MTRO. Gustavo Adolfo Cuevas Curiel
Alumna: Romina Denis Barriga Silva

Cd. Guzmán, Jalisco

27 de abril de 2020
 2.2 Síndrome coronario agudo

Infarto agudo al miocardio con y sin elevación del segmento ST

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and Non ST-Segment Elevation (NSTEMI)
Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), is used synonymously with coronary occlusion and heart attack, yet MI
is the most preferred term as myocardial ischemia causes acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that can
result in myocardial death.

At first, I’m going to describe the STEMI. The ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is
the most acute manifestation of coronary artery disease and is associated with great morbidity
and mortality. A complete thrombotic occlusion developing from an atherosclerotic plaque in an
epicardial coronary vessel is the cause of STEMI in the majority of cases.

Early diagnosis and immediate reperfusion are the most effective ways to limit myocardial
ischemia and infarct size and thereby reduce the risk of post-STEMI complications and heart
failure.

In other way, the NSTEMI is a pressure-like substernal pain, occurring at rest or with minimal
exertion. The pain generally lasts more than 10 minutes and may radiate to either arm, the neck,
or the jaw.  The pain may be associated with dyspnea, nausea or vomiting, syncope, fatigue, or
diaphoresis. Sudden onset of unexplained dyspnea with or without associated symptoms is also a
common presentation. Risk factors for ACS include male sex, older age, family history of coronary
artery disease, diabetes, personal history of coronary artery disease, and renal insufficiency. 
Intervenciones de enfermería en el infarto agua al miocardio

The nursing management involved in MI is critical and systematic, and efficiency is needed to
implement the care for a patient with MI.

One of the most important aspects of care of the patient with MI are the nursing interventions.

 Assess for chest pain not relieved by rest or medications.

 Monitor vital signs, especially the blood pressure and pulse rate.

 Assess for presence of shortness of breath, dyspnea, tachypnea, and crackles.

 Assess for nausea and vomiting.

 Assess for decreased urinary output.

 Assess for the history of illnesses.

 Perform a precise and complete physical assessment to

detect complications and changes in the patient’s status.

 Assess IV sites frequently.

Intervenciones de enfermería para la prevención de complicaciones

de enfermedades cardiovasculares

A nurse can teach to the patient to lead a healthy lifestyle, because,

having a Good health we could prevent the development of MI.

 Exercise. Exercising at least thrice a week could help

lower cholesterol levels that cause vasoconstriction of the
blood vessels.
 Balanced diet. Fruits, vegetables, meat and fish should be
incorporated in the patient’s daily diet to ensure that he or
she gets the right amount of nutrients he or she needs.
 Smoking cessation. Nicotine causes vasoconstriction which
can increase the pressure of the blood and result in MI.

To establish a plan of care, the focus should be on the following:

 Relief of pain or ischemic signs and symptoms.

 Prevention of myocardial damage.
 Absence of respiratory dysfunction.
 Maintenance or attainment of adequate tissue perfusion.
 Reduced anxiety.
 Absence or early detection of complications.
Bibliography:

Bellessa Marianne. Myocardial Infarction. Medical-surgical Nursing. Nursesalbs. (2017). [Internet]

[Consulted April 25th 2020]. https://nurseslabs.com/myocardial-infarction/

Kamińska J, Koper OM, Siedlecka-Czykier E, Matowicka-Karna J, Bychowski J, Kemona H. The utility

of inflammation and platelet biomarkers in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Saudi J Biol
Sci. 2018 Nov;25(7):1263-1271. [Consulted April 25th 2020]. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.015

Vogel, B., Claessen, B.E., Arnold, S.V. et al. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Dis
Primers 5, 39 (2019) [Internet]. [Consulted April 25th 2020]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-
0090-3