CAGABCAB, MELANY C.

BSN2

1. Leopold’s Maneuvers
- are a systematic method of observation and palpation to determine fetal position,
presentation, lie and attitude. It is preferably performed after 24 weeks gestation
when fetal outline can be palpated.
- Four maneuvers in diagnosing the fetal position by external palpation of the
mother’s abdomen.

PURPOSES:

 To determine fetal presentation and position and the expected location of the point of
maximal intensity (PMI) of fetal heart rate (FHR) in the woman’s abdomen.

2. Deep Breathing, Exercises, coughing, and splinting

- Diaphragmatic breathing or deep breathing is breathing that is done by contracting
the diaphragm, a muscle located horizontally between the thoracic cavity and
abdominal cavity. Air enters the lungs; the chest does not rise and the belly expands
during this type of breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing is also known as scientifically
as eupnea, which is a natural and relaxed form of breathing in all mammals.
- Coughing is a forceful release of air from the lungs that can be heard. Coughing
protects the respiratory system by clearing it of irritants and secretions.
- Splint is defined as a rigid or flexible device that maintains in position a displaced or
movable part, also used to protect an injured part, or as a rigid or flexible material
used to mobilized, or restrict motion in a part.
Purposes:
- Moving
 To maintain blood circulation
 To stimulate respiratory function
 To decrease stasis of gas in the intestine
 To facilitate early ambulation
- Leg exercise
 To stimulate blood circulation, thereby preventing thrombophlebitis and
thrombus formation.
- Deep Breathing and coughing
 To facilitate lung aeration, thereby preventing atelectasis and pneumonia.
- Splinting
 May reduce pain while coughing if the incision is near any of this muscles
3. Collecting specimens
- A specimen may be defined as a small quantity of a substance or object which
shows the kind and quality of the specimen.
Purposes:
 As an aid to the diagnosis of disease
 To monitor the effect of treatment
 To identify pathogenic microorganisms
 and determine drug sensitivity.
 4. Provide Range of motions Exercise (ROM)
- A device self- imposed or set to keep the body and mind trim
- Exercise is the exertion of the body for maintenance of its health
- Exercise is a physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health and
maintaining fitness.

PURPOSES:

In health-

 To promote health by improving functioning of the circulatory system and lung

 To retain movements in joints and normal tone in the muscles controlling them
 To prevent stiffness of joints
 To decrease cholesterol level and low density lipo-proteins
 To decrease body weight of obese person by increasing caloric expenditure
 To delay degenerative changes
 To improve flexibility and overall muscle strength and endurance

In sickness-
 To prepare the patient for ambulation in-
 Orthopedic condition
 Deformity and fracture of extremities
 Cervical fracture
 Crutch walking
 Post- operative period
 To restore muscle function in case of disease, injuries and deformities
 To strengthen weak muscle and to restore balance after disease or injury for control of joint
movement
 To promote physical mobility and improve gait
 To prevent deformity.
 To improve blood supply
 To improve the functioning of lungs to expel secretion in case of post- operative period and
lung disorder
 To prevent constipation
 To reduce stress
 To prevent thrombus formation

5. Pouring sterile solutions

- Pouring sterile solution means free from microorganism

Purpose:

 help control and prevent infection, prevent the transmission of all microorganisms in a given
area, and include all techniques that are practised to maintain sterility.