1. Under the COMMONWEALTH ACT NO.

63 state in section 1 that citizenship may be lost in any of

the following ways and/or:

(a) By naturalization in a foreign country;

(b) By express renunciation of citizenship;

(c) By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or laws of a foreign country upon
attaining twenty-one years of age or more: Provided, however, That a Filipino may not divest himself of
Philippine citizenship in any manner while the Republic of the Philippines is at war with any country.

(d) By rendering services to, or accepting commission in, the armed forces of a foreign country, and the
taking of an oath of allegiance incident thereto, with the consent of the Republic of the Philippines;

(e) The Republic of the Philippines has a defensive and/or offensive pact of alliance with the said foreign
country;

(f) The said foreign country maintains armed forces on Philippine territory with the consent of the
Republic of the Philippines: Provided, That the Filipino citizen concerned, at the time of rendering said
service, or acceptance of said commission, and taking the oath of allegiance incident thereto states that
he does so only in connection with his service to said foreign country

(g) By cancellation of the certificates of naturalization;

(h) By having been declared by competent authority, a deserter of the Philippine armed forces in time of
war, unless subsequently, a plenary pardon or amnesty has been granted; and

(i) In the case of a woman, upon her marriage to a foreigner if, by virtue of the laws in force in her
husband's country, she acquires his nationality.

It also states in Section 2 that citizenship may be reacquired by:

(a) By naturalization: Provided, That the applicant possess none of the disqualifications prescribed in
section two of Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and twenty-seven.

(b) By repatriation of deserters of the Army, Navy or Air Corps: Provided, That a woman who lost her
citizenship by reason of her marriage to an alien may be repatriated in accordance with. the provisions
of this Act after the termination of the marital status; and

(c) By direct act of the National Assembly.

2. Repatriation under Rule 8171.

The only persons entitled to repatriation under RA 8171 are the following:

a. Filipino women who lost their Philippine citizenship by marriage to aliens; and
b. Natural-born Filipinos including their minor children who lost their Philippine citizenship
on account of political or economic necessity.
Petitioner theorizes that he could be repatriated under RA 8171 because he is a child of a natural-born
Filipino, and that he lost his Philippine citizenship by derivative naturalization when he was still a minor.

3. Naturalization law in connection with R.A. No. 530 is:

The provisions of existing laws notwithstanding, no petition for Philippine citizenship shall be heard by
the courts until after six months from the publication of the application required by law, nor shall any
decision granting the application become executory until after two years from its promulgation and after
the court, on proper hearing, with the attendance of the Solicitor-General or his representative, is
satisfied, and so finds, that during the intervening time the applicant has -

(1)not left the Philippines,

(2)has dedicated himself continously to a lawful calling or profession,

(3)has not been convicted of any offense or violation of Government promulgated rules,

(4)or committed any act prejudicial to the interest of the nation or contrary to any Government
announced policies.

And with R.A. No 625

The option to elect Philippine citizenship in accordance with subsection (4), Section 1, Article IV, of the
Constitution shall be expressed in a statement to be signed and sworn to by the party concerned before
any officer authorized to administer oaths, and shall be filed with the nearest civil registry. The said
party shall accompany the aforesaid statement with the oath of allegiance to the Constitution and the
Government of the Philippines.

4. The R.A. No. 8369 establishes family courts, granting them exclusive original jurisdiction over
child and family cases, amending batas pambansa bilang 129, as amended, otherwise known as
the judiciary reorganization act of 1980, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.
The State shall protect the rights and promote the welfare of children in keeping with them
mandate of the Constitution and the precepts of the United Nations Convention on the rights of
the Child. The State shall provide a system of adjudication for youthful offenders which takes
into account their peculiar circumstances.

The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic
autonomous social institution. The courts shall preserve the solidarity of the family, provide procedures
for the reconciliation of spouses and the amicable settlement of family controversy.

5. The rule applies to child witnesses who are victims of crimes, accused of a crime, and witnesses
to a crime. It shall apply to criminal proceedings and non-criminal proceedings involving child
witnesses.

It allows the Court to, motu proprio or on motion, appoint certain persons to help in the testimony
of the child-witness:

A. Guardian Ad Litem- a person to protect the best interest of the child whose appointment took into
consideration his familiarity with the judicial process, social service programs, and child
development.The parent if preferred, if qualified. Has the right to be present in all proceedings, to
obtain copies of documents, interview witnesses, make recommendations to the court, and to do all to
protect the child.

B. Interpreter- one, other than the regular court interpreter, whom the child can understands and who
understands the child.

C. Facilitator- one who poses the questions to the child who may be a child psychologist, psychiatrist,
social worker, guidance counselor, teacher, religious leader, parent or relative. Counsels shall pose
questions only through the facilitator.

D. Support Person- person chosen by the child to accompany him to testify at or attend a judicial
proceeding or deposition to provide emotional support to the child

6. Republic Act No. 6972 establishes a day care center in every barangay, instituting therein a total
development and protection of children program, appropriating funds therefor, and for other
purposes.

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to defend the right of children to assistance, including
proper care and nutrition, and to provide them with special protection against all forms of neglect,
abuse, cruelty, exploitation, and other conditions prejudicial to their development.

Filipino children up to six (6) years of age deserve the best care and attention at the family and
community levels. Towards this end, there is hereby established a day care center in every barangay
with a total development and protection of children program as provided in this Act instituted in every
barangay day care center.

7. This has reference to the maltreatment, whether habitual or not of the child.
Sec. 10 (a), Art. VI of Republic Act 7610 punishes not only these enumerated under Art. 59 of
Presidential Decree 603, but also four (4) distincts acts, namely:
1. Child abuse;
2. Child cruelty;
3. Child exploitation; and
4. Being responsible for conditions prejudicial to the child’s development.
8. As used in the law, the phrase “violence against women and their children” has reference to
“any acts or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former
wife, or against a woman with whom he has a common child, or against her child whether
legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is likely to result
in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse.
9. Mail Order Act Bride Act. The complete title of this aforecited law is “An Act to Declare Unlawful
the Practice of Matching Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals on Mail-Order Basis
and Other Similar Practices, Including the Advertisement, Publications, Printing or Distribution of
Brochures, Fliers, and Other Propaganda Materials in the Furtherance Thereof and Providing
Penalty Therefor.”
The State’s policy is to “ensure and guarantee the enjoyment of the people of a decent standard
of living towards this end, the State shall take measure to protect Filipino women from being
exploited in utter disregard of human dignity in their pursuit of economic upliftment.” (Sec. 1,
RA 6955)