Design of mat foundation:

Case considered =1.5(DL+LL)

Total vertical load (P) =75414.62 KN
For earthquake consideration also soil bearing capacity factor =230KN/m 2
(From soil investigation report)
Grade of concrete (fck) =20N/mm2
Grade of steel (fy) =415N/mm2
Calculation of Centre of gravity of plan area:
Eccentricity along X-direction is obtained by taking moment of column loads about the grid A-A
X́
[ (1859.16+ 2460.07+1568.75+1027.61 ) × 4 +¿ ( 1181.29 ) ×5.6+¿ ( 2349.10+2877.23+2380.29+1790.70 ) × 8+¿ ( 2
¿

X́ =¿ 16.98m

Eccentricity along Y-direction is obtained by taking moment of column loads about the grid A - A

Ý =¿
[ ( 1181.29+1790.70+2258.88+2062.55 ) ×2.55+¿ ( 1027.61 ) ×4.15+ ¿ (1568.75+ 2380.29+ 2725.32+ 2720.10+ 2836

Ý =¿ 9.24m

Geometrical centre of Mat Foundation:

X = 17.908 m, Y = 9.448 m
ex = X - X́ = 17.908 -16.98 = o.928 m
ey = Y-Ý = 9.448 - 9.24 = 0.208 m

Calculation of moment of inertia:

About X-X axis:
Ixx = 50000m4
Iyy = 200000 m4

Area (A) = 487.77 m2

Mx =P ey = 15686.241 KN-m
My =P ex = 69984.767 KN-m
P 75414.62
= = 154.611 KN/m2
A 487.77

Soil pressure at different points as follows:

P My Mx
σ= ± X± Y
A Iy Ix
At corner F10 (14.317, 7.602)
75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×14.317 + × 7.602
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611+0.3499×14.317+0.3137×7.602
= 162.005 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner E10 (14.317, 1.602)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×14.317 + × 1.602
487.77 200000 50000
= 160.123 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner D10 (14.317, -1.398)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×14.317 - × 1.398
487.77 200000 50000
= 159.182 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner A10 (14.317, -9.148)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×14.317 - × 9.148
487.77 200000 50000
= 156.751 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner F1 (-17.683, 7.602)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×17.683 + × 7.602
487.77 200000 50000
= 150.808 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner E1 (-17.683, 1.602)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×17.683 + × 1.602
487.77 200000 50000
= 148.926< 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner E2 (-13.683, 1.602)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×13.683 + × 1.602
487.77 200000 50000
= 150.326 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner D2 (-13.683, -1.398)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×13.683 - × 1.398
487.77 200000 50000
= 149.385 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner C2 (-13.683, -4.998)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×13.683 - × 4.998
487.77 200000 50000
 = 148.255 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At cornerB3 (-12.083, -6.598)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×12.083 - × 6.598
487.77 200000 50000
= 148.313 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At cornerB4 (-9.683, -6.598)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×9.683 - × 6.598
487.77 200000 50000
= 149.153 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At cornerB5 (-5.683, -6.598)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×5.683 - × 6.598
487.77 200000 50000
= 150.553 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner B6 (-1.683, -6.598)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×1.683 - × 6.598
487.77 200000 50000
= 151.952 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

At corner A6 (-1.683, -9.148)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×1.683 - × 9.148
487.77 200000 50000
= 151.152 < 230 KN/m2……..so safe

In the x-direction, the raft is divided in 6 stripes, i.e. 6 equivalent beams:

i. Beam F-F with 3.3 m width and soil pressure of 162.005 KN/m 2
ii. Beam E-E with 4.5 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(162.005+160.123)= 161.064 KN/m 2
iii. Beam D-D with 3.3 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(160.123+159.182)= 159.6525 KN/m 2
iv. Beam C-C with 2.6 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(159.182+148.255)= 153.7185 KN/m 2
v. Beam B-B with 2.075 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(148.255+151.952)= 150.1035 KN/m 2
vi. Beam A-A with 1.575 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(151.952+156.751)= 154.3515 KN/m2

For manual analysis

IS456:2000, Clause 22.5.1
The bending moment is obtained by using a coefficient of 1/10 and L as centre of column distance.
wL²
+M=− M=
10
 162.005× 4²
For strip F-F = = 259.208 KNm/m
10
161.064 ×4 ²
For strip E-E = = 257.7024 KNm/m
10
159.6525× 4 ²
For strip D-D = = 255.444 KNm/m
10
153.7185× 4 ²
For strip C-C = = 245.9496 KNm/m
10
150.1035× 4 ²
For strip B-B = = 240.1656 KNm/m
10
154.3515× 4 ²
For strip A-A = = 246.9624 KNm/m
10

In the Y-direction, the raft is divided in 10 strips, i.e. 10 equivalent beams

i. Beam 1-1 with 2.225 m width and soil pressure of 150.808 KN/m 2
ii. Beam 2-2 with 2.8 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(150.808 +150.326)= 150.603 KN/m 2
iii. Beam 3-3 with 2 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(150.326+148.313)= 149.3195 KN/m2
iv. Beam 4-4 with 3.2 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(148.313+149.153)= 148.733 KN/m 2
v. Beam 5-5 with 4 m width and soil pressure of 0.5(149.153+150.553)=149.853 KN/m 2
vi. Beam 6-6 with 4 m width and soil pressure of 0.5×(150.553+151.952)= 151.2525 KN/m2

The bending moment is obtained by using a coefficient of 1/8 and L as centre of column distance.
wL²
+M=− M=
8

150.808× 6²
For stripe 1-1 = = 678.636 KNm/m
8
150.603× 6²
For stripe 2-2 = =677.7135 KNm/m
8
149.3195× 6²
For stripe 3-3 = = 671.93775 KNm/m
8
148.733× 6²
For stripe 4-4 = =669.2985 KNm/m
8
149.853× 6²
For stripe 5-5 = = 674.3385 KNm/m
8
151.2525× 6²
For stripe 6-6 = = 680.63625 KNm/m
8

The depth of the raft will be governed by the two way shear at one of the exterior columns. In case the
location of critical shear is not obvious, it may be necessary to check all possible locations. Where shear
reinforcement is not provided, the calculated shear stress at critical section shall not exceed K sτc i.e.
τv≤ Ksτc
Where,
Ks= 0.5+βc but not greater than 1
βc= 600/600= 1
Ks= 0.5+1=1.5>1
Hence Ks= 1
Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.25√ σck
= 0.25√ 20 = 1.118 N/mm2 = τv

For corner column, A10

Column load =1596.94 KN
Perimeter, Po =0.5d+450+0.5d+600
= d+1050mm
Vu 1596.94 ×1000
τv = =
Po × d (d +1050) ×d
1596940
or, 1.118=
d ²+1050 d
or, 1.118d2+1173.9d-1596940= 0
∴ d= 780.38 mm

For a side column, F8

Column load =2383.09 KN
Perimeter, Po =2×(0.5d+600)+d+450
= 2d+1650 mm
Vu 2383.09× 1000
τv = =
Po × d (2 d +1650) d
2383.09× 1000
or, 1.118 =
2 d ²+ 1650 d
or, 2.236d2+1844.7d-2383090=0
∴ d= 699.23 mm

For intermediate column, D7

Column load =2836.74 KN
Perimeter, Po =2(d+450+d+600)
= 4d+2100 mm
Vu 2836.74 ×1000
τv = =
Po × d ( 4 d +2100 ) d
2836.74 ×1000
or, 1.118 =
4 d ²+2100 d
or, 4.472d2+2347.8d-2836740=0
∴ d= 576.09 mm

Design of 7-7 strip of mat foundation:

For precise moments at support and mid span we adopt moment distribution method and compare the
result with that obtain from SAP 2000. The results were comparable so we use the bending moment,
shear force from SAP 2000.
From these depths calculated lets adopt D= 900mm
diameter of steel used= 25mm bar
Clear cover adopted= 50mm
Effective depth d= 900-50-25/2= 837.5mm
Width of strip= 4m

Stress at point a(0.317, 7.602)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×0.317+ × 7.602
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611+0.3499×0.317+0.3137×7.602
= 157.107 KN/m2

Stress at point b(4.317, 7.602)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×4.317 + × 7.602
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611+0.3499×4.317+0.3137×7.602
= 158.506 KN/m2

Stress at point c(4.317, -9.148)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×4.317 - × 9.148
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611+0.3499×4.317-0.3137×9.148
= 153.252 KN/m2

Stress at point d(0.317, -9.148)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×0.317 - × 9.148
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611+0.3499×0.317-0.3137×9.148
= 151.852 KN/m2
Average stress between a and b is =0.5(157.107 + 158.506)= 157.8065 KN/m2
Average stress between c and d is =0.5(153.252+151.852 )= 152.552 KN/m2
Load from the soil near right support= 157.8065×4= 631.226 KN/m
Load from the soil near left support = 152.552×4= 610.208 KN/m

Steel for Maximum –ve Span Moment:

Moment, Mu=3615.78 KNm
fy × Ast
(
Mu = 0.87×fy×Ast× d ’−
fck × b )
415 × Ast
3615.78 x106= 0.87×415×Ast× 837.5− ( 20 x 4000 )
Ast=13005.43 mm2

Use 25 mm bars
¯¿ 4000 × 491
Spacing = b × Area of Ast ¿ = = 151.01mm
13005.43
Adopt Spacing=150mm
4000 × 491
Area of Steel provided = = 13093.33 mm2
150

Ast provided > Ast required

Provide 27-25mm bars at Spacing 150mm C/C.

Steel for maximum +ve Span Moment:

Moment, Mu=3748.6 KN-m
fy × Ast
Mu = 0.87×fy×Ast× d ’− ( ) fck × b
415 × Ast
Or, 3748.6×10 = 0.87×415×A ×( 837.5−
20 x 4000 )
6
st

∴ Ast =13531 mm2

¯¿ 4000 × 491
Use 25∅ bar, spacing = b × Area of ¿= = 145.15 mm
Ast 13531
Hence provide spacing =125 mm
4000 × 491
Area of steel provided = = 15712mm2
125
Ast provided > Ast required
Provide 32-25∅ bars @125mm c/c

Design of D-D strip of mat foundation:

Width of the strip e-f, g-h = 1.5+1.8 = 3.3m
Stress at the point e (-13.683, 0.102)
75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×13.683+ × 0.102
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611-0.3499×13.683+0.3137×0.102
= 149.855 KN/m2

Stress at the point f (14.317, 0.102)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×14.317+ × 0.102
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611+0.3499×14.317+0.3137×0.102
= 159.653 KN/m2
Stress at the point g (14.317, - 3.198)
75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = + ×14.317- × 3.198
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611+0.3499×14.317-0.3137×3.198
= 158.617 KN/m2

Stress at the point h (-13.683, -3.198)

75414.62 69984.767 15686.241
σ = - ×13.683- × 3.198
487.77 200000 50000
=154.611-0.3499×13.683-0.3137×3.198
= 148.82 KN/m2

Average stress between e and h is = 0.5(149.855+148.82 )= 149.3375 KN/m 2

Average stress between f and g is= 0.5(159.653+158.617)= 159.137 KN/m 2
Load from the soil near left support= 149.3375×3.3= 492.814 KN/m
Load from the soil near right support= 159.137×3.3= 525.152 KN/m

Steel for maximum –ve Span Moment:

Moment, Mu =683.46 KN-m
fy × Ast
(
Mu = 0.87×fy×Ast× d ’− )
fck × b
415 × Ast
Or, 683.46×10 = 0.87×415×A ×( 837.5−
20× 3300 )
6
st

Or, 683.46×106 =302379.375Ast−2.2702Ast2

∴ Ast =2299.99mm2

¯¿ 3300× 201.06
Use 16∅ bar, spacing = b × Area of ¿= = 288.48 mm
Ast 2299.99
Hence provide spacing =275 mm
3300× 201.06
Area of steel provided = = 2412.72 mm2
275
Ast provided > Ast required
Provide 12-16∅ bars @275mm c/c

Steel for maximum +ve Span Moment:

Moment, Mu=850.73 KN-m
fy × Ast
(
Mu = 0.87×fy×Ast× d ’− )
fck × b
415 × Ast
Or, 850.73×10 = 0.87×415×A ×( 837.5−
20× 3300 )
6
st

Or, 850.73×106 =302379.375Ast−2.2702Ast2

∴ Ast =2875.532 mm2
 ¯¿ 3300× 201.06
Use 16∅ bar, spacing = b × Area of ¿= = 230.74 mm
Ast 2875.532
Hence provide spacing =200 mm
3300× 201.06
Area of steel provided = = 3317.49 mm2
200
Ast provided > Ast required
Provide 17-16∅ bars @200mm c/c