Presentation On Mobile Cranes1124 PDF

CRANES
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INTRODUCTION
– A crane is a Tower or derrick equipped with cables and pulleys

that is used to lift and lower materials. Cranes are commonly
used in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy
equipment. Construction cranes are usually temporary
structures, either fixed to the ground or mounted on a purpose-
built vehicle. Cranes may either be controlled from an operator in
a cab that travels with the crane, by a pushbutton pendant
control station, or by infrared or radio control. Where a cab
operator is employed, workers on the ground will communicate
with the operator through a system of standardized hand-signals
or, in larger installations, radio systems; an experienced crew
can position loads with great precision using only these signals.
The largest revolving cranes in the world can be found on crane
vessels.
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Types of Cranes
• Mobile
• Hydraulic
• Overhead
• Gantry
• Tower
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WHEEL MOUNTED PICK AND CARRY CRANE
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WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE
• WHEEL MOUNTED
TELESCOPIC CRANE WITH
SINGLE POINT CONTROL
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WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE
WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC

CRANE WITH MULTI POINT
CONTROL
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TOWER CRANE
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TYPES OF CRANES
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Standard Boom
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Crane Parts
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Definitions
• Crane – Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on
rubber tires or crawler treads
• Hoist - Used to lift and lower load.
• Boom – An inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting
tackle
• Boom stops – A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest
position
• Brake – To slow or stop motion by friction or power
• Block – Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strap
• Jib – Extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for
lifting specified loads.
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Fly Jib
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Fixed Jib
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Luffing Jib
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RINGER ATTACHMENT
RINGER
ATTACHMENT
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RINGER ATTACHMENT
RINGER
ATTACHMENT
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Crane Inspection Guidelines
• Preinspection
• Crane Set up
• Electrical Hazards
• Load Charts
• Safe operating precautions
• Inspection Types
• Starting the inspection
• Specific inspection Items and references
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Placement of the Crane
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Load Chart
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Load
Chart
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Crane Signals
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Crane Signals
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Crane Signals
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Planning Before Start-Up
• Level the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to support the
load
• Contact power line owners and determine precautions. Know the location
and voltage of overhead power lines.
• Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site restrictions, such
as the location of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds.
• Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities.
• Barricade areas within swing radius.
• Ensure proper maintenance and inspections.
• Determine safe areas to store materials and place machinery.
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Know the Weight of the Load
• Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation

• Ensure lift calculations are correct
• Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load
radius of crane
• Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum
radius and minimum boom length – the further from its
centerpoint, the less it will lift
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Load Limiting Factors
• Not level
• Wind
• Side loads
• On its wheels
• Lifting over the side
• Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments
• Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices
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Mobile Cranes – Lifting Principles
• Center of Gravity
• Leverage
• Stability
• Structural Integrity
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Load Example – 30 ton crane
• Will lift 27 Tonnes at 3m from the center pin of the crane

– Based on level surface, no wind, and outriggers fully extended
• At 7.6m from the center pin with an 80 foot boom, the capacity is
only 6.7 Tonnes
• At 22.5m from the center pin, the capacity is only 2 Tonnes
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Crane Rope
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Crane Rope
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Training
• Operators:
– must qualify on specific crane type
– Must include on-the-job training
• Supervisor / competent person
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Major Causes of Crane Accidents
• Contact with power lines
• Overturns
• Falls
• Mechanical failures
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How Do Accidents Occur?
• Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not

level or too soft
• Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from

the crane operator or not in full view of the operator
• Lack of training
• Inadequate maintenance or inspection
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Who is at Risk
• Operators
• Persons at Crane Site
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Crane Hazards
• Improper load rating • Working too close to

• Excessive speeds power lines
• No hand signals • Improper exhaust
• system
Inadequate inspection
and maintenance • Shattered windows
• Unguarded parts • No steps/guardrails
• Unguarded swing radius walkways
• No boom angle indicator
• Not using outriggers
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Competent Person
The competent
person must inspect
all machinery and
equipment prior to
each use, and
during use, to make
sure it is in safe
operating condition.
Broken
If it needs fixing, Track
take it out of service
and don’t use it until
it is fixed
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Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings
• Make sure the crane operator

can see the:
– Rated Load Capacities
– Operating Speeds
– Special Hazard
Warning or Instruction
Load Rating Chart

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Improper Load
Improper loads or speeds can result in the tipping of the crane
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Improper Load
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Improper Load
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Power Lines
Stay clear
from power
lines at least
10 feet
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Guard Moving Parts
Unguarded
Chain Drive
Guard moving parts such as gears or belts

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Swing Radius
Stay out of the swing radius of the crane –

Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius
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Operator Visibility
Broken Window
Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do

not prevent the operator from seeing
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Ladders
Ladder
Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab

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Guardrails
Runways and steps need to have guardrails,

handholds and slip resistant surfaces
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Suspended Loads
Don’t stand under

suspended loads
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Boom Angle Indicator
A boom angle indicator must be on the crane

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Supporting Surface
Cranes must be on a firm supporting surface and

level within 1 percent
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Sheaves
The grooves must be smooth and free from surface

defects which could cause rope damage
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Rigging Equipment Slings
Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire

rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope,
and synthetic web.
Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic
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Annual Inspections
Inspection of the
hoisting
machinery must
be made by a
competent
person
The employer
must maintain
a record of
these
inspections Crane wasn’t inspected
and tipped over
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What to Inspect
• Correct air pressure and no leaks

• Tires properly inflated
• Clearance for tail swing
• Wire rope wear
• Physical damage to crane
• Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts
• Fluid leaks
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Remove From Service
Immediately remove damaged or defective slings

from service
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Damaged wire rope
Crushed Rope
Broken Strands
Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service
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Worn Part
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Tire Inspections
Conduct regular
inspections
of tires for
excessive wear or
damage
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Summary on crane safety
• An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of

training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are
major contributors to crane accidents.
• Operators or others working in the area can be victims to
“struck by" and "caught in" injuries.
• Contact with power lines causes many accidents.
• A competent person must inspect a crane regularly to
insure it is in proper order.
• Planning and training reduces accidents.
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Tower Erection
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Generator Erection
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Hub Erection
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CRANES

– A crane is a Tower or derrick equipped with cables and pulleys

WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC

• Hoist - Used to lift and lower load.

• Brake – To slow or stop motion by friction or power

• Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation

• Will lift 27 Tonnes at 3m from the center pin of the crane

• Contact with power lines

• Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not

• Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from

• Inadequate maintenance or inspection

• Persons at Crane Site

• Improper load rating • Working too close to

• Make sure the crane operator

Load Rating Chart

Improper loads or speeds can result in the tipping of the crane

Guard moving parts such as gears or belts

Stay out of the swing radius of the crane –

Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do

Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab

Runways and steps need to have guardrails,

Don’t stand under

A boom angle indicator must be on the crane

Cranes must be on a firm supporting surface and

The grooves must be smooth and free from surface

Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire

Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic

• Correct air pressure and no leaks

Immediately remove damaged or defective slings

Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service

• An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of

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