Quarter II

Week 7 Day 1

Think and Tell

Look at the picture.
Can you tell something about it?
What can you get from eating vegetables?

List the words related to the word nutrient.

_________________ _________________

Nutrients

_________________ _________________

Read and Learn

Read the paragraph below.

Nutrients are chemical substances present in foods that keep the body healthy,
supply materials for growth and repair of tissues, and provide energy for work and
physical activities.
The major nutrients include the macronutrients namely proteins, carbohydrates,
and fats; micronutrients vitamins such as A, D, E, and K; the B complex, and
Vitamin C. Minerals are calcium, iron, iodine, zinc, fluoride, and water.

Talk about it
1. What does the paragraph say about nutrients?
2. What are contained in the food nutrients?
3. What are macronutrients? Where can we get them?
4. What are micronutrients? Where do you find them?
5. Why are these nutrients needed by the body?
 Remember

Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨ For example, if you
look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any
of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles having a long, tapering, cylindrical body
and found in most tropical and temperate regions."

Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or
the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together
with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger.

Other Examples:

The words home, house, residence and dwelling all have the same denotation, but the
connotation of each word is very different.

Denotation :  Where a person lives at any given time.

Connotation

Home : cozy, loving, comfortable

House : the actual building or structure

Residence : cold, no feeling

Dwelling : primitive or basic surroundings

Snake:

Denotation : scaly, legless reptile

Connotation : dangerous, evil, disloyal person

Mother

Denotation : female parent

Connotation : love and respect security and warmth

Positive Neutral Negative

The connotation ofhome house or negative
a word is often either positive dump
exotic foreign strange
chat talk babble
feast dinner chow
What does it mean for a word to have a smell
fragrance positive connotation? stench
venerable old decrepit
tune
To be associated with something sound
good. noise
pet animal beast

What does it mean for a word to have a negative connotation?

 Try and Learn
Which connotation is more positive? Choose the letter of the correct answer
1. Our trip to the amusement park was _________. ( a. fine b. wonderful )
2. _________ people rode on the roller coaster. ( a. Brave b. Foolhardy )
3. We saw _________ animals in the animal house. ( a. fascinating b. weird )
4. Some of the monkeys made _________ faces. (a. hilarious b. amusing )
5. Everyone had a ________ on his or her face on the way home. ( a. smile b. smirk )

Which connotation is more negative?

6. We bought _________ souvenirs at the amusement park. ( a.cheap b. inexpensive)
7. I ate a _________ sandwich. ( a. soggy b. moist )
8. Mike _________ us to go to the funny house. ( a. nagged b. reminded )
9. I didn't like the _________ on the jester's face.( a. smirk b. grin )
10. It made me feel _________. ( a. uneasy b. frightened )

Do and Learn
Exercise 1

Arrange the words in proper column as to positive, neutral and negative connotation

Group 1 Relaxed, lazy, inactive

Timid, prudent, cowardly
Mousy, modest, shy
Group 2 old, time-tested, out-of-date
Persistent, stubborn, persevering
Miserly, conservative, thriftty
Group 3 dignified, reserved, stiff-necked
New, up-to-date, newfangled
Self confident, proud, conceited
Group 4 nosy, inquisitive, curious
Unattractive, plain, ugly
Brat, child, little one
Exercise 2

Read each of the following sentences. Decide from the context whether the speaker is
showing positive or negative connotation of the topic. Then circle the best word to put
into the sentence.

1. “The sooner we move out of this ( home, dump ),” said Jack, “the happier I’ll be.”
2. This cell phone is ( expensive, overpriced ), but I don’t mind paying extra because
it has so many useful features.
3. You’re lucky to have Wilma on your committee. She has lots of (original, crazy) ideas.
4. Boss Reed and his ( cronies, employees ) have controlled the politics in this
city for more than twenty years. I certainly hope the other party wins this year!
5. It was a beautiful spring day, and the ( stench, scent ) of apple blossoms filled
the whole yard.
 Quarter II

Week 7 Day 2

Think and Tell

List everything you know about dogs.

List their characteristics, behaviors, etc.
Underline everything about dogs that is true all the time.
Circle everything that is true about only some dogs.

Read and Learn

All dogs are kept as our pets. They are called our domestic animals. It is a
faithful animal and is devoted to his master. Such a rare quality is found in dogs only.
All dog has four legs. It is of many colours and of many breeds. It also differs in size.
Some dogs are even kept in the pocket.

Dogs help us in various ways. Hounds or the hunting dogs kill prey for their
masters. Some dogs are tamed to tend sheep. They watch outhouses ^and keep
strangers, thieves, animals out of the house. Some dogs can also used to locate
criminals.. They are kept with police for investigation. It has sharp ears. Even a
slightest noise can disturb its sleep and make it alert. A dog recognises its master
and family members very well and can even die in order to save them.

So dog is a man's best and true friend. It is very useful to man. It readily dies
for the sake of its master.

Talk about it
Based on the paragraph what is true about dogs all the time?
What is true about to only some dogs?
 Remember

A generalization is a broad statement about a group of people or things. It states

something they have in common. All and some are words signal or give us a clue to
recognize generalizations. Other clue words are the ff

– Sometimes – Always
– Never – Most
– Generally – Many
– None – Seldom

Examples:
– All birds have wings.
– Many children eat cereal for breakfast.
– Everyone in Tennessee goes to the beach for
the summer.

Some generalizations are valid or true, but some are faulty or invalid

Valid means true

– Supported by facts
– Agrees with what you know about the topic
– Uses logic and reasoning
– Proven with several examples

Example:
All birds have wings.

Faulty means false.

– Not supported by facts
– Watch for key words: none, all, always, never, nobody

Example:
Everyone in Laguna goes to the beach in the summer.

Other examples. Tell whether it is Valid or Faulty

1. Girls can’t play ball. ( Valid or Faulty )

2. Teachers are mean. ( Valid or Faulty )
3. Halloween is always scary! ( Valid or Faulty )

Try and Learn

Read the paragraph. Then answer the question.

1. All birds have wings. But not all birds can fly. Birds that do not fly are called flightless birds. The
penguin is one example. It uses its wings to swim underwater. Ostriches and emus flap their
wings when they want to scare an enemy. Rheas use their wings like rudders when they are
running from an enemy. There is even a kind of small parrot that climbs trees and then uses its
wings to parachute to the ground.

What can you say in general about flightless birds?

a. All flightless birds are large.
b. Flightless birds have different uses for their wings.
c. Flightless birds are fast runners.
d. The wings of flightless birds are useless.
 2. Ants are one of the most widespread insects in the world. Ants are called social insects because
they live in colonies made up of other ants. A colony may have a few dozen or several million
ants living in it. Ants in a colony are divided into different groups. Worker ants look for food and
take care of the young. Soldier ants defend the nest from invaders. The queen ant lays eggs.
These are the three main groups in a ant colony.

What generalization can you make about ants based upon your reading?
a. All ants live in large colonies.
b. All ants work to defend the colony.
c. All ants in a colony have a job.

3. About 20% of Americans have allergies. Allergies can range from mildly annoying to deadly. An
allergy is an overreaction of a person’s immune system to something that is harmless. Many
people are allergic to dust, pollen, or mold. Some people are allergic to certain kinds of food,
perfume, or medicines. An allergy might cause sneezing, coughing, or a rash. Sometimes, an
allergy is so severe, it can lead to death.

What generalization can you make about allergies based upon your reading?
a. All allergies are deadly.
b. Allergies can cause different reactions in different people.
c. Everyone has allergies.

Do and Learn
Exercise 1
Direction: Give an activity for each group.

Group 1. Make 5 generalization about chocolate

Group 2. Write a valid generalization about how food can be used creatively

Group 3. Write 5 generalizations about baby alligators

Group 4. Write 5 valid generalizations about fishes

Exercise 2

Decide if each generalization is valid or faulty.

_________1. All animals migrate every year.

_________2. Most children like pizza.

_________3. All boys play sports.

_________4. It always snows in the winter.

_________5. Girls can’t catch.

 Quarter II

Week 7 Day 3

Think and Tell

Look at the picture. Say someting about the picture

Find Out and Learn

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. An electronic apparatus for analyzing or storing data

a. wedge b. computer c. pulley

2. A computer–based global information system

a. reading b. recycling c. internet

3. The term ______ refers to the communication between a residence or a

business and an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that connects to the internet.
a. Internet access b. Airlines c. International

Read and Learn

The Internet

The Internet is computer–based global information system. The Internet is

composed of many interconnected computer networks. Each network may link tens,
hundreds, or even thousands of computers, enabling them to share information with one
another and to share computational resources such as powerful supercomputers and
databases of information. The Internet has made it possible for people all over the world to
communicate with one another effectively and inexpensively. Unlike traditional
broadcasting media, such as radio and television, the Internet does not have a centralized
distribution system. Instead, an individual who has Internet access can communicate
directly with anyone else on the Internet, make information available to others, find
information provided by others, or sell products with a minimum overhead cost.
The Internet has brought ne opportunities to government, business, and education.
Government use the Internet for internal communication, distribution of information, and
automated tax processing. In addition to offering goods and services online to customer,
businesses use the internet to interact with other businesses. Many individuals use the
Internet for communicating through electronic mail (e-mail).
 Companies, individuals, and institutions use the Internet in many ways. Companies
use the Internet for electronic commerce, also called e-commerce, including advertising,
selling, buying, distributing products, and providing customer service. In addition,
companies use the Internet for business-to-business transactions, such as exchanging
financial information and accessing complex databases. Businesses and institutions use the
Internet for voice and video conferencing and other forms of communication that enable
people to telecommute (work away from the office using a computer). The use of electronic
mail (e-mail) speeds communication between companies use the Internet for online news
and weather services and to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television
programs. Online chat allows people to carry on discussions using written text. Instant
messaging enables people to exchange text message in real time. Scientists and scholars
use the Internet to communicate with colleagues, perform research, distribute lecture notes
and course materials to students, and publish papers and articles. Individuals use the
Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, and buying and selling goods
and services.
The term Internet access refers to the communication between a residence or a
business and an ISP that connects to the Internet. Access falls into two broad categories:
dedicated and dial-up. With dedicated access, a subscriber’s computer remains directly
connected to the Internet at all times through a permanent, physical connection. Most large
businesses have high-capacity dedicated connections; small businesses or individuals that
desire dedicated access choose technologies such as digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable
modems, which both use existing wiring to lower cost. A DSL sends data across the same
wires that telephone service uses, and cable modems use the same wiring that cable
television uses. In each case, the electronic devices that are used to send data over the
wires employ separate frequencies or channels that do not interfere with other signals on the
wires. Thus, a DSL Internet connection can send data over a pair of wires at the same time
the wires are being used for a telephone call, and cable modems can send data over a cable
at the same time the cable is being used to receive television signals. The user usually pays
a fixed monthly fee for a dedicated connection. In exchange, the company providing the
connection agrees to relay data between the user’s computer and the internet.
Dial-up is the least expensive access technology, but it is also the least convenient.
To use dial-up access, a subscriber must have a telephone modem, a device that connects
a computer to the telephone system and is capable of converting data into sounds and
sounds back into data. The user’s ISP provides software that controls the modem. To
access the internet, the user opens the software application which causes the dial-up
modem to place a toll-free telephone call to the ISP. A modem at the ISP answers the call,
and the two modems use audible tones to send data in both directions. When one of the
modems is given data to send, the modem converts the data from the digital values used by
computers – number stored as a sequence of 1s and 0s – into tones. The receiving side
converts the tones back into digital values. Unlike dedicated access technologies, a dial-up
modem doe not use separate frequencies, so the telephone line cannot be used for regular
telephone calls at the same time a dial-up modem is sending data.
Comer, Douglas E. “Internet.” Microsoft® Encarta® 2006 [CD]. Redmond, WA:

Talk about it
1. What is the internet? the web?
2. What is the difference between the Web and the Internet?
3. What are the uses or importance of the Internet?
4. Why do government offices use the Internet? What about many companies? businesses
and institutions? media and entertainment companies? Scientists and scholars?
5. Is the Internet important? Why do you say so?
 Remember

• The internet is composed of interconnected computer networks based globally that

transmits data.
• The web is the collection of documents provided by the internet.
• The internet is the computer based-global information system while the web is a
collection of information and therefore it is just a part of the internet.
• The Internet makes it possible for people all over the world to communicate with
one another effectively and inexpensively any time of the day.
• The Internet access can make information available to others, find information
provided by others, or sell products with a minimum overhead cost.
• It is a good source of information for research work.

Try and Learn

A. For schools with computer and internet access. Group the pupils into three. Assign one topic and
gather information through the internet.
Group 1 -The New Nine Wonders of the World
Group 2 - Different Groups of Vertebrates
Group 3 - Member Countries of the United Nations

B. For schools without computers:

Answer the following questions:

a. What are the uses of the internet/web?

b. How can the internet help you in your school work?

Do and Learn
Silent reading of the selection and answering the questions in a mind map.

The Beginnings of the Internet

The Internet was first conceived in the early ‘60’s. Under the leadership of the
Department of Defense’s Research Project Association (ARPA), it grew from a paper architecture
to a small network called the ARPANET. It was intended to promote the sharing of super-
computers among researchers in the United States.
America’s military think-tank were trying to figure out an important strategic problem: how
could US authorities talk to each other in the aftermath of a nuclear attack?
 Communication networks of the day were chained point-to-point, with each place on the
network dependent on the link before it. If one point in the network was blown up, the whole
network would become useless. Paul Baran, one of the US military’s thinkers, conceived the idea
for a new kind of communications network; one that wasn’t organized point-to-point, but instead
was set up more like a fishnet. He believed this structure could allow information to find its own
path through the network even if a section had been destroyed.

Based on the article, answer the following questions:

1. When was the Internet conceived?

2. What was the initial function of the internet?

3. What does ARPA stand for?

4. In what country did the networking originate?

5. Who thought of a fishnet-like setup?

Write About It
The need for the availability of communication prompted the thinkers to come up with a communication
system that is the Internet.

Answer the following questions.

How important is communication?

How often do we communicate?
To whom do we communicate?
Is it possible to live a single day without communicating?
How does it feel to have someone to talk to all the time?
When was the last time you talked with your friends?

With your answers to these questions, write a paragraph on:

The Importance of Communication to Man

1 2

INTERNET

3 5
4
 Quarter II

Week 7 Day 4

Think and Tell

Have you experienced going in an outing?

Where did you go?
Did you enjoy?

Read and Learn

One Sunday, the Torres family traveled on a wide road. In he car were Mr. And
Mrs. Torres, Shirley and her brother, Peter. They saw many trees, high hills and
mountains along the highway. As they traveled, they noticed that the road was becoming
wider and longer. They could not wait to reach their destination.
At last, they arrived at Donna’s place. Donna and her parents were happy to meet
them. “Your place is very nice. The air here is fresher than the city, “ said Mr. Torres.
“The trees around are are taller than those along the highway,” remarked Mrs.
Torres.
“But the tallest trees are in that mountain. Is that the highest mountain in the
Philippines?” asked Peter as he pointed at the mountain.
“No, that is Mt. Arayat. The highest mountain is Mt. Apo. It is in Davao,” aswered
Donna. “Let us climb the mountain, “said Shirley.
“Come in and rest a while. I know you are very tired because you have just come
from a long trip,” said Donna’s mother.
“We have prepared some native dishes and delicacies for you,” said Donna’s
father.
“Thank you. I’m sure we shall enjoy our stay here,” said Mrs. Torres.

Talk About It
1. Where did the family go?
2. How did they feel?
3. How was the place described?
4. How did their compare the place?
5. What words used to compare the places?
6. What did the family in the story show about our country?

Rread the phrases

 Was becoming wider and longer
 Is fresher in the city
  Taller than those along the highway
 The tallest trees are in the mountain

Remember
Adjectives are words that modify a noun or a pronoun. To modify means to describe,
identify or limit.

Adjectives may be qualitative, denoting kind, size, shape, height, weight or feeling.
They may also be quantitative, indicating number.

Adjectives have three degrees of comparison – the positive, the comparative and the
superlative.

When using the base form of adjectives in comparisons, remember the following:

1. Adjectives with one syllable form the comparative and the superlative degrees by
adding –er and -est, respectively.

Study the chart below.

Positive Comparative Superlative

bright brighter brightest
kind kinder kindest
fresh fresher freshest
My sister’s skin is smooth.
Maria’s skin is smoother than hers.
The baby’s skin is the smoothest of them all.

2. Adjectives with two syllables ending in –y, form the comparative and superlative
degrees by changing –y to –i before adding –er or –est, respectively.

Study the chart below.

Positive Comparative Superlative

hungry hungrier hungriest
heavy heavier heaviest
pretty prettier prettiest
Maria is pretty.
She is prettier than her sister.
She is the prettiest woman in their town.

3. Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative degree by using more /
less and the superlative degree by using most / least before the adjective.

Study the chart below

Positive Comparative Superlative

beautiful more/less beautiful most/least beautiful
generous more/less generous most/least generous
interesting more/less interesting most/least beautiful
The rich man is generous.
The king is more generous than the rich man.
The queen is the most generous of the three.

Note that the word than in the comparative degree serves as a marker. It is used
with more or less. The article the comes before the superlative form of an adjective.

4. Some adjectives with two syllables, however, form the comparative degree by using
more / less and the superlative degree by using most / least before the adjective.

Positive Comparative Superlative

loyal more/less loyal most / least loyal
 5. Some adjectives form the comparative and superlative degrees in different ways. These
are irregular adjectives.

Study the chart below

Positive Comparative Superlative

good better best
little less least
bad worse worst
many more most
much more most
ill worse worsy

More regular adjectives with one or two syllables form the comparative degree by adding –
er and superlative degree by adding –est. The word than is used with the adjective in the
comparative degree while the article the with the adjective in the superlative degree. If an
adjective ends in –y, the –y is changed to i before –es or –est is added.

The positive degree is the simplest form of an adjective. It is used to describe only one
person, place or thing/one group of person, places, or thing.

The comparative degree or the –er form is used to compare two persons, places, or
things.

The superlative degree or the –est form is used to compare three or more persons, places
or things.

Adjectives with three or more syllables use more (positive) or less (negative) and the word
than to form the comparative degree. Most (positive) or least (negative) and the article the are
used to form the superlative degree. Some adjectives with two syllables, however, also use these
comparative and superlative forms.

Irregular adjectives form the comparative and superlative degrees by changing the spelling

Try and Learn

Below is a chart showing three kinds of animals. Read the information opposite each picture, then
make your own sentences using degrees of comparisons.

Animal Length Height Speed

8 inches 1.5 inches 12 ft/hr

24 inches 18 inches 100 ft/hr

48 inches 10, 500ft/hr

72 inches
 Do and Learn

Complete the following sentences using the correct degree of the adjective given in the brackets.

1. My brother’s handwriting is ____________ (bad) mine.

2. Health is ____________ wealth. (important)
3. Blood is ____________ water. (thick)
4. Everest is ____________ peak in the world. (high)
5. This is ____________ lay I have ever heard on the radio. (interesting)
6. Susie is ____________ of all the four sisters. (beautiful)
7. The planet Mars is ____________ from the earth than the satellite Moon. (far)
8. The elephant is ____________.  animal in the world. (large)
9. An ocean is certainly ____________ a sea. (big)
10. I am ____________ in cricket than in football. (interested)
 Quarter II

Week 7 Day 5

Think and tell

Look at the picture. Tell Something about the picture.

What do like soccer or football? Why?

Read and Learn

Soccer and Football

Soccer and football are alike in a few ways, but have many differences. One
similarity is that there are eleven players on the field at one time in both soccer and
football. They are both popular sports in the United States and they both require the
use of a ball and a field.
The difference between soccer and football are numerous. Soccer players use a
ball shaped like a sphere, whereas football players use a ball that has two ends. In
soccer, players are trying to get the ball in goal. However, in football, players are
trying to get the ball in the end zone or through the goal posts. The rules are also very
different. In soccer, players are rarely allowed to touch the ball with their hands while,
football players frequently touch the ball. Football players are allowed to tackle, but
this is forbidden in soccer. These are just a few ways that soccer and football are
different. Nonetheless, most people agree that both soccer and football are fun
sports!

Talk about it
1. What are the two sports being compared in the paragraph?
 2. From what country do these sports popular?
3. What is the shape of the soccer ball?

Remember

A comparison shows how two subjects are similar; a contrast shows how two
subjects are different. In writing you must first decide whether you will compare and
contrast or both.

When you compare 2 things you ask yourself, "How are these things alike?
When you contrast 2 things you ask yourself, "How are these things different?"
Some words that signal comparisons are: both, each, like, same, also, too
Some words that signal contrasts are: different, but, on the other hand, however

Try and Learn

Exercise 1

Compare and contrast Amanda and Maxwell wrote about three things they did last summer. Write the
things that they did on the lines below. Put the item that both of them did in the center.

Amanda’s Report: What I Did On Summer Vacation

I went on vacation at the beach last summer. My brother and I played in

the ocean and built castles out of sand. I also read lots of books last summer.
My favorite book was The Secret Garden. At the end of the summer, my mom
and dad took me to the water park and we went swimming. It was fun!

Maxwell’s Report: What I Did On Summer Vacation

I went on a car trip with my dad last summer. We drove a long way. I also read a
book last summer called The Hardy Boys. It was an adventure story. I went to
summer camp with my best friend too. I had a great time. Amanda Maxwell

AMANDA MAXWELL

Do and Learn
Direction: Write a short paragraph about the picture below showing comparison and contrast.

Group 1 Group 2
 Group 3 Group 4

Write About It
Using comparison and contrast, write a short paragraph your two Favorite Subjects

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