Problem:

How does table salt affect the boiling temperature of water?

Research:
Many cooking recipes give you the instruction of adding salt to the water when boiling something. This
can do many things to the water and there must be a special reason why they tell you to add salt to the
water. This experiment will show us how salt affects the temperature of boiling water.

Hypothesis:
Adding table salt to boiling water will cause the water to boil at a higher temperature.

Material:

· Table Salt
· Distilled Water
· 2 Quart Cooking Pot
· Pint measuring cup
· Teaspoon and tablespoon measuring spoons
· Thermometer
· Stirring spoon

Procedure:
1. Boil one quart of distilled water on a stove.
2. Measure the temperature of the boiling water. Record the highest temperature reading.
3. Measure out table salt using a kitchen measuring spoon. Level the spoonful.
4. Add the measured salt to the boiling water and stir.
5. Measure the temperature of the boiling water with the salt in it. Record the highest temperature
reading.
6. Repeat it now with two spoons of salt.

Record And Analyze Data:

 
 Temperature of Boiling Water  212.9° F

 Amount of salt added the first time  1 spoon full

 Temperature of boiling water after

 215.6°F
salt was added

 Amount of salt added the second

 2 spoon fulls
time

 Temperature of boiling water after

 218.3° F
salt was added the second time

HOME

Creating Your Own Water CycleProblem:

What is the water cycle?
Research:
Every human, plant, and animal depends on water for survival. It's controlled by the sun, which produces
energy in the form of heat. This heat energy causes the water in the world's oceans, lakes, and even
puddles in your backyard to warm and evaporate. When water is heated, it changes from a liquid to a gas.
This gas is called water vapor, and the process is called evaporation. When plants give off water vapor,
it's called transpiration. When water evaporates, it rises into the cooler air, collects, and forms clouds.
There, the water vapor molecules cool down and change back into liquid water. This is called
condensation. As more and more water vapor cools into the clouds, the water droplets that form the
clouds become larger and larger. These droplets get so big that the swirling winds in the atmosphere can
no longer hold them up. The droplets fall from the sky. Precipitation is the term for the falling, condensed
water molecules, which come down as rain, snow, sleet, or hail--depending on conditions in the
atmosphere.
Hypothesis:
We think that water cycle is the way the Earth uses and recycles water.
Material:
1. A large, clear bowl
2. Plastic Wrap
3. A weight
4. A smaller container (example: cut-down yogurt cup)
5. A rubber band or piece of string
Procedure:
Place the small container in the middle of the large, clear bowl. Fill the bowl with a little water, being
careful not to fill the small container inside. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap, and fasten the plastic wrap
around the rim of the bowl with your rubber band or string. Put a weight on top of the plastic wrap in the
center. (See Picture below.) Now put your contraption on a windowsill or somewhere that the sun will hit
it.

How long does it take for water to evaporate and condense on the plastic wrap? Where does the water go

after it condenses on the plastic wrap?

Record And Analyze Data:The heat of the sun evaporated the water, which raised, condensed on the
cool plastic, and fell into the small container. This is a small-scale replica of the water cycle that occurs
every day on earth.
 FASTEST WAY TO COOL A SODA

Materials:
 3 cans of soda
 Access to 1 freezer
 1 wet paper towel
 2 tablespoon salt
 1 pot of ice
 Water
 Thermometer
 Plastic wrap
 3 rubber bands

Procedure
1. Set up your salted ice water bath by dissolving the 2 tablespoons of salt in water and
adding it to a pot of ice.
2. After a minute, use your thermometer to record the temperature of your ice bath.
3. Using your thermometer, record the temperature of the freezer.
4. Open the cans of soda and record the starting temperatures for each can, then seal
them again with plastic wrap and a rubber band.
5. Place your first can in the freezer.
6. Wrap the wet paper towel around your second can and place it in the freezer.
7. Place another can in the salted ice-water bath.
8. Check the cans’ temperatures again after 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes. Make sure to
record the temperatures in your notebook each time.
9. Plot your temperatures and times on graph paper.

Results:
You should have found that the salted ice water bath cooled the can to a good drinking
temperature of about 44 degrees after about 5 minutes, while the wet paper towel can
chilled the drink to the same temperature after around 10 minutes. The can in the
freezer sould have only reached about 60 degrees or so (it needs a good 20 minutes to
get nice and cold).

Why?
The salt lowers the freezing point of the water, allowing the ice in the ice bath to melt
while still retaining its temperature. This makes the chilly water in the ice bath even
colder. The paper towel can was also chilled fairly quickly because the as the water
evaporates from the paper towel, it takes some of the can's heat away with it, causing
the can to rapidly get colder. The poor freezer, while pretty cold, just didn’t make the
grade because cold air just isn’t enough to do the job quickly. Water is a much better
heat conductor than air, so heat is able to leave the can more quickly in the ice bath and
wet paper towel setups.
Digging Deeper:
There are countless ways to modify this experiment. You could add more cans of soda
to get average temperatures for each freezing method. You can switch up methods by
adding a fan and trying to cool the drink as it sits outside of the fridge. There are lots of
new things to try when looking for an even better way to cool your drinks to a chilly 44
degrees. Just remember to use your creativity and everything you’ve learned about
thermodynamics.

Magic Comb
 

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 A lot of things can act like magnets—they just need an electric charge. If we give a
comb an electric charge, can it separate pepper from salt? Let’s find out!

Problem:
Can a comb separate salt and pepper?
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Grade

First Grade

Subject

SciencePhysical Science

Materials:
 Plastic Comb
 Pepper
 Salt
 Tissue
 Notebook
 Pen

Procedure
1. Lay the tissue flat.
2. Pour some salt onto the tissue.
3. Pour an equal amount of pepper onto the tissue.
4. Mix the salt and pepper together until you achieve an even consistency.
5. Do you think the comb can separate the salt and pepper? If so, how do you think it does this?
Use this time to write down your guess, also called a hypothesis, in your notebook.
6. Give the comb an electric charge by rubbing it through your hair a few times.
7. Hold the comb about an inch above the salt and pepper.
8. Slowly move the comb over the mixture.

Results:
The pepper particles will attach to the comb, leaving the salt in the tissue.

Why?
Salt and pepper both have neutral charges. However, the static electricity in the comb
can change these charges. Because pepper is less dense than salt, it has more surface
area that can be charged by the comb’s static electricity. This allows the pepper to be
attracted to the comb, leaving the salt behind on the tissue. The salt may have been
charged slightly, but not nearly as much as the pepper was.