Exercise for Variations. Determine the specific type of variation of syllogism.

1. If Filipinos will support anti-corruption campaigns, then politicians will think twice
committing corruption. If political patronage will be stopped, then politicians will think twice
committing corruption. But either Filipinos will support anti-corruption campaigns or
political patronage will be stopped. Consequently, politicians will think twice committing
corruptions.

2. Giving special treatment to privileged individuals promote unjust values; promoting unjust
values encourages discontent. Encouraging discontent sows the seeds of rebellion; sowing
the seeds of rebellion leads to a civil war. Hence, giving special treatment to privileged
individuals leads to a civil war.

3. Elections are futile because voters choose candidates based on financial or economic
rewards.

4. If Apple products become security vulnerable, then it has yielded to the request of the
FBI. But I know that Apple has not yielded to the request of the FBI.

5. Mar Roxas will not win because his party uses election strategies that do not involve vote-
buying.

6. Foreign Direct Investments can lead substantive economic growth because any
investment that increases productivity and economic output can lead to substantive
economic growth.

7. Any educational reform that focuses on employability ignores the cultural and humanistic
aspect of the learner; and this current educational reform focuses on the employability of
the learner.

8. Election is a chaotic exercise—voters elect candidates based on their competing interests.

9. If election is a democratic exercise, then voters, regardless of qualifications, choose

officials. If any voters, regardless of qualifications, choose officials, then they (voters) do not
necessarily vote wisely. If they (voters) do not necessarily vote wisely, then elections do not
reflect the wisdom of the people. If elections do not reflect the wisdom of the people, then
any candidate who wins is not the right one for the position. Hence, if election is a
democratic exercise, then any candidate who wins is not the right one for the position.

10. Economic development is dependent good governance since good governance

encourages investors’ confidence.
11. Any mature democratic society must have mature political organizations. The Philippines
does not have mature political organizations since almost all politicians transfer parties for
expediency, not for political ideals. Hence, Philippines is not mature democratic society.

12. If traditional politics wins, then patronage politics will prevail. If non-traditional politics
wins, then political reforms will continue and Philippines will improve. Either traditional
politics wins or non-traditional politics wins. Therefore, either patronage politics will prevail
or political reforms will continue and Philippines will improve.

13. If stem cell research is already able to produce artificial organs, then degenerative
diseases can be prevented or cured. So, Alzheimer’s disease can be prevented or cured.

14. If the government will not give due attention to agricultural development, then food
security will not be addressed. If the government will not develop the industrial sector, then
economic growth will be in peril. But the government does not either give due attention to
agricultural development or develop the industrial sector. Consequently, either food security
will not be addressed or economic growth will be in peril.

15. If the Philippines will not send military personnel to the disputed islands, then China will
continue to encroach our territory. If China does not recognize the UNCLOS (United Nations
Convention for the Laws of the Seas), China will continue to encroach our territory. Either
the Philippines will not send military personnel to the disputed islands or China does not
recognize UNCLOS. Thus, China will continue to encroach our territory.

16. Whoever studies diligently learns a lot; whoever learns a lot develops critical thought.
Whoever develops critical thought considers the best options; whoever considers the best
options makes an informed decision. Hence, whoever studies diligently makes an informed
decision.

17. He who falls in love does not stand for himself. He who does not stand for himself does
not love himself. He who does not love himself does not relate authentically. He who does
not relate authentically cannot truly love. Ergo, he who falls in love cannot truly love.

18. Every reformist needs a strong popular support because most reforms encounter
opposition. Every socialist is a reformist since many socialists support radical changes in
governance. Ergo, every socialist needs a strong popular support.

19. If the candidate of the current administration wins, then the BBL will be enacted and the
country will be in chaos. If the candidate of the current administration does not win, then
the BBL will not be enacted and the country will be in chaos. But the candidate of the
current administration either wins or loses. Thus, either the BBL will be enacted and the
country will in chaos or the BBL will not be enacted and the country will be in chaos.
20. If a Filipino is a patriot, then he will defend the country from any intrusion into her
sovereign territory. So, you will defend the country from any intrusion into her sovereign
territory.