Soal Ujian Tengah Semester Genap 2019

KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
Jalan Colombo Nomor 1, Yogyakarta55281
Telp (0274) 586168 pesawat 217 atau (0274) 565411, Fax (0274) 548203
Laman: fmipa.uny.ac.id E-mail:fmipa@uny.ac.id
SOAL UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER GENAP 2019/2020
Nama Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris Pengampu : Irvany Nurita Pebriana

Kode Mata Kuliah : MKU6211 Hari/Tanggal : Selasa 31 Maret 2020
Ujian
Prodi/Kelas : A/B/C Jam Ujian :
Semester :2 Ruang Ujian :
Nama :
NIM :
Answer all questions on this worksheet. Save your worksheet in the pdf format with the
following name.
Midtest_Class_EFP1_name
Example: Midtest_A_EFP1_Irvany Nurita Pebriana
Part One: Read the passage below from physicsworld.com 19 March 2020 and fill in the
following table.
Covid-19: how physics is helping the fight against the pandemic
Physics-based techniques play a huge role in the field of structural

biology. The vast majority of biological macromolecule structures are obtained
by X-ray crystallography, going back to 1934, when John Desmond Bernal
and Dorothy Hodgkin recorded the first X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystallized
Line 5 protein, the digestive enzyme pepsin. Their work stemmed from that of
physicists such as Wilhelm Röntgen, who discovered X-rays; Max von Laue,
who discovered that X-ray wavelengths are comparable with inter-atomic
distances and are therefore diffracted by crystals; and William Henry and
William Lawrence Bragg, who showed how to use a diffraction pattern to analyze
Line 10 the corresponding crystal structure. Hodgkin went on to win the 1964 Nobel Prize
for Chemistry for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of
important biochemical substances.
Single biological molecules also diffract X-rays, but only very weakly.
Dibuat oleh : Diperiksa oleh :
Dilarang memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi dokumen tanpa
Irvany Nurita ijin tertulis dari Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Pebriana
Crystallization, as Bernal and Hodgkin employed for pepsin, is helpful because it

Line 15 results in the repetition of huge numbers of molecules in an ordered, 3D lattice,
so that all their tiny signals reinforce one another and become detectable – by
photographic plates in the early days and by active pixel detectors today. These
signals are not images of the molecules, for there are no materials that can
substantially refract, and thereby focus, scattered X-rays. Rather, the signals are
Line 20 merely the sum of the contributions of X-rays diffracted from different parts of
the molecule. To pick apart these contributions, structural biologists rely on a
mathematical tool – the Fourier transform. The calculated contributions are then
equated with possible atomic structures by a lot of careful (and now largely
computer-driven) interpretation.
Line 25 Of course, to obtain the signals in the first place requires X-rays.
Nowadays, synchrotron radiation sources – large facilities that accelerate
electrons in a continuous ring – are ideal for macromolecular crystallography
because they produce high-intensity X-rays with a very narrow spread of
wavelengths. At these machines, according to Wlodawer, diffraction datasets that
Line 30 would have taken months with X-rays from traditional rotating anode generators
take just seconds to compile.
Technological developments such as these spurred the first forays into
rational drug design, in which scientists study the structure and function of
molecules in order to work out what drugs might bind to them – and in the case
Line 35 of viruses, prevent them from replicating. Antiviral drugs for HIV were an early
success. When HIV protease was identified in 1985 as an essential enzyme – and
therefore a potential drug target – in the virus’s life cycle, it took four years for
its first crystal structures to be determined, and a further six years for the first
licensed drugs to inhibit it. “That’s probably one of the best-documented cases of
Line 40 how quickly rational drug design can go,” says Wlodawer, who contributed to the
international effort.
Pebriana
Today, it might have gone faster. The four-year delay in obtaining the
structure of HIV protease was primarily due not to the brilliance or quality of X-
rays, but to the lack of sizeable crystals of the enzyme. Current synchrotrons and
Line 45 ever newer free-electron lasers – which extract diffraction data from molecular
crystals in the few femtoseconds before they are annihilated – employ techniques
such as serial crystallography to build up a complete diffraction dataset from
numerous partial datasets of crystals that would otherwise be too small. More-
over, both the crystallization and data collection are now automated, so that
Line 50 structural biologists need not even visit a light source themselves: they simply
post their proteins to a facility and download the dataset when it is ready.
The analysis of SARS-CoV-2 is a prime example of this type of modern
pipeline in action. On 5 February this year, a little over a month after the Chinese
authorities disclosed the existence of the new coronavirus, a research team led
Line 55 by Zihe Rao and Haitao Yang at ShanghaiTech University in China uploaded the
structure of the virus’s main protease to the Protein Data Bank
(DOI:10.2210/pdb6lu7/pdb), having obtained the dataset using X-ray
crystallography at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. “A decade ago,
that would have taken a year,” says Wlodawer. “At least.” The structure is
Line 60 already helping pharmaceutical companies to explore potential drugs, such as
those used to tackle HIV.
Now, state the main idea of each paragraph

paragraph Main idea
1

Pebriana
2
3
4
5
6
Determine the pronoun referents

Pronoun type word Line Refers to…
their 5
it 9
their 16
these 17
they 28
these 29
it 37
its 38
it 39
it 42
they 46
their 51
this 52
Part Two: Tell me what you have done during social distancing and the do’s and don’ts of
social distancing. Use maximum 200 words. Warning: Don’t try to plagiarize one’s writings.
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Pebriana
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Pebriana

Soal Ujian Tengah Semester Genap 2019

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Soal Ujian Tengah Semester Genap 2019

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KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

SOAL UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER GENAP 2019/2020

Nama Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris Pengampu : Irvany Nurita Pebriana

Physics-based techniques play a huge role in the field of structural

Crystallization, as Bernal and Hodgkin employed for pepsin, is helpful because it

Now, state the main idea of each paragraph

Dibuat oleh : Diperiksa oleh :

Determine the pronoun referents

Dibuat oleh : Diperiksa oleh :

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