10.

4 Investigating biodiversity

When organisms evolve their visible internal and external features that change and the molecules of
which they are made. DNA determines the featured of an organisms, including enzymes and proteins
determine the features of an organism, so changes in features of a species are due to changes in its
DNA. Comparing the genetic diversity within and between species helps scientists to determine the
evolutionary relationships between them.

Comparison of observable characteristics

Traditionally, genetic diversity was measured by observing the characteristics of organisms. This
methods is based on the fact that each observable characteristic is determined by a gene or genes
(with environmental influences). The variety within a characteristic depends on the number and
variety of alleles of that gene (and environmental influences).

Comparison of DNA base sequences

Comparison of the bas sequence of mRNA

Comparison of amino acid sequences in proteins