ratibha Devasenapathy | Jan-14-2020

Cash is nothing but any form of money. To run any business successfully, regular cash flow is
crucial, and so companies often have liquefiable assets which can be readily converted to cash.
These are called Cash Equivalents.

Common examples of cash equivalents include commercial paper, treasury bills, short term
government bonds, marketable securities, and money market holdings. 

An item should satisfy the following criteria to qualify for cash

equivalent:
 Short term investment which should mature in less than three months. If they mature in
more than the defined period, they will be classified as other investments
 Highly liquid, which means they should be easily sold in the market
 Convertible to known amounts of cash, which means their market price should be
available, and this market price should not be subject to significant fluctuations
 They should not be too risky which means that equity shares cannot be classified as cash
equivalents. But preferred shares purchased shortly before the redemption date can be classified
as cash equivalents

Examples of cash are:

 Coins
 Currency
 Cash in checking accounts
 Cash in savings accounts
 Bank drafts
 Money orders
 Petty cash

Examples of cash equivalents are:

 Commercial paper
 Marketable securities
 Money market funds
 Short-term government bonds
 Treasury bills

Exceptions to short-term assets and current assets being

classified as cash and cash equivalents:
Credit Collateral
Exceptions can exist for short-term debt instruments such as Treasury-bills if they're being used
as collateral for an outstanding loan or line of credit. Restricted T-bills must be reported
separately. In other words, there can be no restrictions on converting any of the securities listed
as cash and cash equivalents.

Inventory
Inventory that a company has in stock is not considered a cash equivalent because it might not be
readily converted to cash. Also, the value of inventory is not guaranteed, meaning there's no
certainty in the amount that'll be received for liquidating the inventory.

Cash and cash equivalents information is sometimes used by analysts in comparison to a

company's current liabilities to estimate its ability to pay its bills in the short term. However,
such an analysis may be flawed if there are receivables that can be readily converted into cash
within a few days.

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