Professional Documents
Culture Documents
os
rp
Student Workbook
in E
in PL
pu
BSBMGT402 Implement operational plan
M
Innovation and Business Industry Skills Council (IBSA) would like to acknowledge
HASCOM Pty Ltd for their assistance with the development of this resource.
BSBMGT402A Writer: Bronwyn Brennan
2nd edition revised by IBSA writer: David Scrimgeour.
Revised by IBSA for BSBMGT402 (2015).
Copyright and Trade Mark Statement
© 2015 Innovation and Business Industry Skills Council Ltd
All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher, Innovation and Business Industry Skills
Council Ltd (‘IBSA’).
es
Use of this work for purposes other than those indicated above, requires the prior written permission of IBSA. Requests
should be addressed to Product Development Manager, IBSA, Level 11, 176 Wellington Pde, East Melbourne VIC, 3002
or email sales@ibsa.org.au.
os
‘Innovation and Business Skills Australia’, ‘IBSA’ and the IBSA logo are trade marks of IBSA.
Disclaimer
rp
in E
Care has been taken in the preparation of the material in this document, but, to the extent permitted by law, IBSA and
the original developer do not warrant that any licensing or registration requirements specified in this document are
in PL
pu
either complete or up-to-date for your State or Territory or that the information contained in this document is error-free
or fit for any particular purpose. To the extent permitted by law, IBSA and the original developer do not accept any
liability for any damage or loss (including loss of profits, loss of revenue, indirect and consequential loss) incurred by any
person as a result of relying on the information contained in this document.
M
g
The information is provided on the basis that all persons accessing the information contained in this document undertake
responsibility for assessing the relevance and accuracy of its content. If this information appears online, no responsibility
SA
is taken for any information or services which may appear on any linked websites, or other linked information sources,
that are not controlled by IBSA. Use of versions of this document made available online or in other electronic formats is
subject to the applicable terms of use.
To the extent permitted by law, all implied terms are excluded from the arrangement under which this document is
ra
purchased from IBSA, and, if any term or condition that cannot lawfully be excluded is implied by law into, or deemed to
apply to, that arrangement, then the liability of IBSA, and the purchaser’s sole remedy, for a breach of the term or condition
is limited, at IBSA’s option, to any one of the following, as applicable:
rt
(a) if the breach relates to goods: (i) repairing; (ii) replacing; or (iii) paying the cost of repairing or replacing, the goods;
or
fo
(b) if the breach relates to services: (i) re-supplying; or (ii) paying the cost of re-supplying, the services.
ot
Published by: Innovation and Business Industry 1st edition published: May 2015
Skills Council Ltd
N
ISBN: 978-1-925328-08-0
Stock code: BSBMGT4021W
Table of Contents
es
Develop implementation plans ................................................................................. 15
Identify and use performance measures ................................................................. 22
os
Manage risk and develop contingency plans ........................................................... 25
Section summary ....................................................................................................... 33
rp
in E
Further reading .......................................................................................................... 33
Section checklist ........................................................................................................ 33
in PL
pu
Section 2 – Implement Resource Acquisition ................................................................ 34
What skills will you need? ......................................................................................... 34
M
g
Propose resourcing .................................................................................................... 35
SA
es
Further reading .......................................................................................................... 99
Section checklist ........................................................................................................ 99
os
Glossary .......................................................................................................................... 100
Appendices ..................................................................................................................... 103
rp
Appendix 1: Business plan (excerpt) ...................................................................... 103
in E
Appendix 2: Organisational chart............................................................................ 104
in PL
pu
Appendix 3: Budget summary ................................................................................. 105
Appendix 4: Operational plan .................................................................................. 106
M
g
Appendix 5: Operational risk register ..................................................................... 108
SA
Getting Started
Features of the training program
The key features of this program are:
● Student Workbook – Self-paced learning activities to help you to develop an
understanding of key concepts and terms. The Student Workbook is broken down
into several sections.
● Facilitator-led sessions – Challenging and interesting learning activities that can be
completed in the classroom or by distance learning that will help you consolidate
and apply what you have learned in the Student Workbook.
es
● Assessment Tasks – Summative assessments where you can apply your new skills
and knowledge to solve authentic workplace tasks and problems.
os
Structure of the training program
rp
in E
This training program introduces you to implementing operational plans. Specifically, you
in PL
pu
will develop the skills and knowledge in the following topic areas:
1. Implement operational plan.
M
Your facilitator may choose to combine or split sessions. For example, in some cases, this
training program may be delivered in two or three sessions, or in others, as many as eight
ra
sessions.
rt
Recommended reading
fo
● Flanagan, N., and Finger, J. 1998, Just About Everything a Manager Needs to Know,
Plum Press, Brisbane.
● Haynes, M. 1996, Project Management, From Idea to Implementation, Crisp
Publications, California.
● Johns, D. and Harding, H., 1989, Operations Management, Gower Technical,
England.
● Prentice, E. and Rabey, G., 1994, Empowering Supervisors. Leading Winning
Teams: A Guide for Managers and Supervisors, Longman Professional, Melbourne.
Please note that any URLs contained in the recommended reading, learning content and
learning activities of this publication were checked for currency during the production
process. Note, however, that IBSA cannot vouch for the ongoing currency of URLs.
Every endeavour has been made to provide a full reference for all web links. Where URLs
are not current, we recommend using the reference information provided to search for
the source in your chosen search engine.
es
os
rp
in E
in PL
pu
M
g
SA
ra
rt
fo
ot
N
Southern Cross Brewery (SCB) holds a market share of 4.2% in the Australian beer
market. Sales have increased rapidly over the last financial year and sales are
expected to rise further in the next 12 months. SCB aims to increase market share in
the first six months of this year by 8%. If sales are successful, higher production
capacity will be required to meet forecasted demand at the end of the year.
es
You are a senior line manager for the Southern Cross Brewery in Brunswick Victoria.
You are working closely with the operations general manager to acquire resources
os
necessary to increase productive capacity. You will need to consider the organisation’s
strategic directions, operational plans and policies and procedures to carry out
operational resourcing appropriately.
rp
in E
Before implementation, you will need to develop performance measures, conduct risk
in PL
assessment and develop contingency plans.
pu
Once new bottling production commences, appropriate control and monitoring will be
required. Increased production capacity will require quality control checks, performance
M
As well as the procurement of physical resources, your duties include the recruitment of
SA
new operators and technicians. You will need to oversee their selection, induction,
training, and performance management.
Finally, at the end of the implementation process, you will be expected to produce a
ra
es
• Consider business plans and operational plans.
os
• Focus on performance, profit and productivity targets.
• Manage resources.
Systems and • Consider corporate governance (legislation and other
rp
in E
processes organisational requirements).
• Consider procedures for all aspects of producation or
in PL
pu
service delivery.
M
g
Implementation cycle
The implementation of operational plans may be seen as following a cyclical process as
sketched out below:
es
1. Prepare for the implementation: identify and consider organisational
documentation, systems and processes; identify resource requirements; establish
consultative processes.
os
2. Plan the implementation so that it proceeds logically, on time and in accordance
with requirements. Planning may include:
rp
in E
a. Developing action or implementation plans to:
in PL
i.
pu
acquire physical and human resources
ii. implement monitoring and control measures, including performance
M
management.
g
b. Performing risk assessment and developing contingency planning.
SA
3. Acquire resources.
4. Monitor and control implementation.
ra
5. Prepare management reports for the purpose of further planning and continuous
improvement.
rt
fo
Preparing
ot
N
Monitoring
and Planning
controlling
Acquiring
resources
Continuous improvement often results in revision of one or more steps in the process. For
example, continuous improvement could result in revision of implementation plans,
changes to performance targets, or changes to the operational plans themselves. The
cycle will begin again, this time using revised plans as the starting point.
As stated, this first section will focus on the preparation and planning that is essential to
all aspects of implementation. The implementation cycle begins with the consideration of
the operational plan as an expression of business strategic directions.
es
to align all aspects of planning with the overall aims, requirements and values of the
organisation.
os
Many organisations develop long-term plans that outline the business direction of the
organisation and the strategies it will use to achieve stated or implied outcomes such as
increasing market share, or profits. These plans are developed in consideration of the
rp
in E
political, economic, social and technological context in which the business operates
(PEST) and in consideration of organisational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
in PL
threats (SWOT).
pu
Ideally, business plans or strategic plans should directly inform operational plans, and,
M
these in turn, should inform the specific action plans that direct implementation. As the
g
diagram below indicates, overall business strategic directions cascade through the
SA
financial projections.
fo
ot
strategic directions.
es
Examples of policies and procedures relevant to implementing key aspects of operational
plans covered by this unit of competency are provided in the appendices of this Student
os
Workbook (appendices 6–8).
rp
in E
in PL
Consider your organisation or an organisation you are familiar with. Examine available
organisational documentation:
pu
● business/strategic plans ● contingency plans
M
g
● operational plans ● policies and procedures.
SA
● Compare the business’s strategic goals with the operational plan objectives,
targets, performance measures. Is there agreement between the two?
ot
N
● How useful would these documents be to you, if you were responsible for
resourcing operations and implementing the operational plans of the
organisation?
Describe a situation in which you are or could be responsible for resourcing. Outline
how you would use organisational documentation to guide your approach.
es
os
rp
in E
in PL
pu
M
g
SA
ra
rt
In order to implement operational plans, you will need to carefully examine operational
plans to identify resource requirements. Resource requirements may include:
ot
It is generally unwise to work in isolation to analyse details of resource needs and fulfil
operational requirements. Resourcing benefits from as wide a consultative process as
possible. In fact, organisational procurement policy may require you to gain approval or
co-approval of purchases over a certain amount. Therefore, you will need to develop a
consultative process to involve relevant personnel in your resourcing decision-making.
● occupational health and safety committees and other people with specialist
responsibilities
● managers and supervisors
● other employees
● people from a wide range of social, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, and people
with a range of physical and mental abilities.
Purchases of plant and machinery will require technical expertise to identify gaps
es
between organisational capability and operational requirements. You will need to work
with others with the requisite technical knowledge to identify specifications to include in
any tender or competitive procurement process, for example, or to help you work with
os
potential suppliers to identify customised solutions. If the organisation does not possess
the technical expertise required to determine the details of resourcing requirements, you
rp
in E
may also need to engage external consultants.
Physical resourcing, particularly the purchase of machinery or new technology, may
in PL
pu
involve occupational health and safety (OHS) implications. You should consider whether
there is a need to consult with OHS committees or worker representatives to minimise
M
risk to potential operators and to ensure legal compliance. OHS legislation generally
g
mandates consultation with workers or their representatives on matters which may affect
SA
gather information on what gaps exist between current capability and operational
requirements. This may include information on required numbers of employees for
rostering or skill gaps within existing staff. You may need to consult with human resources
rt
The need for input from other staff – in regards to fulfilling resource requirements of
operational plans – will vary between organisations and be affected by the workforce and
ot
type of resourcing required. In general, you should consult with people with the technical
expertise to help you reach effective decisions and with those who will be directly affected
N
by the resource. You should also consider consulting with workers who may be able to
provide input on a range of needs in order to avoid inadvertent discrimination.
Crucially, consultation before the fact, and a demonstrated commitment to considering
the needs of workers and those affected, will certainly help acceptance and employees’
support of organisational plans once resourcing is completed and it comes time to
implement decisions. Consultation can complicate decision-making, but often results in
better decisions. It may be that consultation with workers and operators may cause you to
purchase a more expensive option if it is easier and safer to use and will increase
productivity through, for example, increasing morale, reducing accidents or absenteeism,
or increasing output.
Consultation skills
You will need to possess or develop the following essential skills for consultation.
es
Technical
skills ● Do you stay abreast of workplace and technological
developments?
os
In consultation you will need to work with others as an effective team
rp
in E
member, team leader and/or manager.
in PL
● Can you build and facilitate teams such as groups for
pu
consultation?
● Do you demonstrate professional respect and respect for rules
M
g
within teams?
Teamwork
SA
yourself?
● Do you work to develop skills and knowledge in others?
fo
You will also, as you work with others or build teams for the purpose of consultation, need
ot
to develop or encourage the demonstration of these skills in others. You may need to
select members of consultative teams based on team member’s skills in order to ensure
N
es
5 A mechanism for dealing with conflict.
os
6 Seek additional information and assistance.
rp
in E
All commitments made to those involved in the consultation process
7
in PL
are honoured.
pu
8 A set time/date for the consultation process to conclude.
M
g
The operations plan for Southern Cross Brewery contains the following objective:
N
You are a senior line manager for the Southern Cross Brewery. You are assisting the
operations manager to acquire resources necessary to increase productive capacity. It
is now July 2012 and resourcing needs will need to be finalised by August when you will
begin the tender process.
You decide to conduct a consultative process to identify resourcing needs and develop
the following plan.
es
July 16 Seek input from all affected stakeholders.
os
July 28 Review results of process and decide on specifications in
consultation with operations manager.
rp
in E
July 30 Publish results of consultative process and outline future
consultative process involving implementation of resourcing. Invite
in PL
pu
input and feedback.
You have met with managers and technical experts. Together you have determined that
ra
Consultation with additional stakeholders uncovered the following needs and requests:
N
You will need to consider organisational plans, values and policies and procedures and
consult with the operations manager to decide on final specifications to include in the
tender process.
Personnel example
Let’s look at an example scenario involving human resourcing.
Southern Cross Brewery has decided to purchase new machinery to enable the
organisation to achieve its operational goal of increasing production by 20%.
You are assisting the operations manager to acquire human resources necessary to
increase productive capacity using the new machinery, which will require ten high
proficiency operators to run at the desired capacity.
You decide to conduct a consultative process to identify resourcing needs and develop
a plan which will enable you to identify human resourcing needs.
es
Scenario: Human resourcing at Southern Cross Brewery Part 2
os
As per your plan, you have consulted with the line manager responsible for using the
rp
new machinery, Lyn Johnston.
in E
Lyn has developed a capability chart for her team to provide you with a picture of the
in PL
pu
team’s collective capability. You will need to use the chart to determine the gap
between operational requirements and current capability.
M
She has listed her team members down the left-hand side of the chart. For each team
g
member she has determined their level of proficiency. She used a number of ways to
SA
determine proficiency:
● her general observations and knowledge of the team member
● discussing each task with the team member and collectively agreeing on a level
ra
of proficiency
● conducting formal on-the-job assessment
rt
8/11 /2011
Person A Δ ▲ Δ
Person B / Δ Δ Δ ▲
Person C Δ Δ
Person D Λ Δ Δ Λ
Person E Δ Δ / /
Legend
▲ High proficiency; Δ High proficiency; Λ Medium / Low proficiency:
can train others competent proficiency: start of training
to do the job advanced stage of
training
Lyn has a high degree of confidence in the aptitude of even her lowest skilled workers:
‘they just need time on the job and adequate training.’
According to Lyn, one trained technician is available, but two are required to ensure
smooth operation and to guard against negative contingencies such as:
● absenteeism
es
Scenario: Human resourcing at Southern Cross Brewery Part 3
os
After meeting with Lyn, you are glad that the operational budget includes a generous
rp
in E
provision for payroll – enough for ten additional employees, if required.
in PL
Clearly, you will need to recruit new employees to run the machines. You will need to
pu
recruit enough people to achieve operational goals, but not so many that the
organisation will incur unnecessary expense.
M
You will also need to consider organisational plans, values and policies and procedures
g
to guide your recruitment decision-making.
SA
You are responsible for determining the recruitment needs at Southern Cross Brewery.
It is now October 2011.
rt
that includes your consultation with Lyn Johnston. What other actions could you
include in your plan to ensure effective consultation?
ot
It is now December 2011 and human resourcing needs will need to be finalised by
January when you will begin the recruitment process. Employees will need to be ready
N
○ Why?
es
os
○ What options for training exist within Lyn’s existing team?
rp
in E
in PL
pu
M
g
SA
In order to effectively implement operational plans, you will need to develop detailed
implementation plans. Detailed plans will help ensure that all necessary steps and sub-
rt
steps of an implementation project are carried out in order to realise the high-level
objectives contained in the operational plan.
fo
● dependencies indicating what steps must wait for the completion of previous steps
● accountabilities that clearly show who is responsible for completing steps and sub-
steps.
Implementation planning should also include risk assessment and contingency planning.
These elements are touched upon in the discussion of planning tools below, and are also
discussed in further detail at the end of this section.
Several tools can assist in developing implementation plans. Useful tools include:
● action plans
● Gantt charts
● PERT diagrams.
These tools may be used separately or in conjunction depending on the need for detail,
redundancy, and the complexity of the planning task. With respect to redundancy,
although the tools may organise much of the same content, different people may prefer
to follow different types of plans. For example, some people may prefer more visual
presentations of information (Gantt charts and PERT diagrams) while others may prefer
more text-based presentations such as action plans.
Let’s look at some examples of planning tools in more detail and ground the examples in
the context of a workplace scenario.
es
Scenario: Recruiting at Southern Cross Brewery
os
Part of implementing the Southern Cross Brewery operational plan with respect to
‘increasing production capacity by 20%’ will entail recruiting a number of operators
rp
in E
prior to March 2012.
in PL
pu
You have determined that several tasks need to be completed in order to implement
operational plans. You have estimated the duration of each task in business days
(Monday to Friday).
M
g
SA
feedback.
fo
7. Advertise. 5 days