The First Step In The Presupposition ( the internal knowledge )

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1 – Presupposition can be presented after the use of the definite article ( the ) because
of the fact that the use of the definite article seems to suggest an assumption of the
existence of the referent ; that is , to utter ( a ) is to presuppose ( b ) :
A – The King of France is wise , leads to the presupposition , which can be
represented in ( b )
B – There exists a king of France . This presupposition is the result of the existence of
the referent , that was extracted by the use of the definite article ( the ) in the context .
2 – The Formation of The Referent : The referent is built under the cover of the
context and this cover involves the communication of the mutual assumptions of the
interlocutors regarding each other's belief states , so one cannot felicitously utter '' The
King of France is wise '' without both the speaker and the hearer taking for granted
that there is a king of France .
2 – A – So presupposition is the internal knowledge that are shared by the
interlocutors and the function of the context is only to bring it to the surface .
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Frege Opinion ( Presupposition is A result of The Assertion , Not of the Context ) :
1 – The assertion occurs when the simple or compound proper names used have a
reference and this reference is related to the existence of the name only and the
presupposition is related to the existence . If one therefore asserts ''Kepler died in
misery '' there is a presupposition that the name '' Kepler '' designates something .
2 – The assertion leads to the presupposition that the term Kepler has a referent , that
is to presuppose that Kepler exists or at least existed before he died in misery . The
mutual assumption of the interlocutors reduced the presupposition to the existence of
the name .
3 – Frege opinions in reducing the presupposition as a referent of assertion about the
name was criticized because
A – Frege neglected the value of the meaning of the utterance in producing a
presupposition because by uttering '' Kepler died in misery '' would not be to convey
that the name Kepler designate something '' existence referent only .
B – The presupposition can be extended to cover all the value of the utterance and this
value leads to producing an entity (a person entity is an object or a container that
contains the information about the person ) . We deal here with combination of
information , not just related to the existence of the person or object . So Kepler died
in misery would convey that the entity designated by this name died in misery . So
The meaning of all utterance lead to an entity referent .
4 – Frege viewed that a presupposition carried by a given sentence will also be carried
by its negation :
The King of France is not wise
Here we have the negation of '' The King of France is wise '' yet it continues to carry
the presupposition '' There exists a King of France '' .