LAGSA, ERICA VANISE M.
BSN 2-5
CPG: LAMOTRIGINE (Lamictal)
On December 1994, Lamotrigine was first
approved by the FDA for treatment of partial
seizures in the United States. Lamotrigine is an
anti-epileptic medication, also called an
anticonvulsant. It is considered to be a first-line
drug for primary generalized tonic-clonic
seizures (includes simple partial, complex
partial, and secondarily generalized seizures
such as focal-onset tonic-clonic seizures). It is
also used as an alternative or adjuvant
medication for partial seizures, such as absence
seizure, myoclonic seizure, and atonic seizures.
Lamotrigine is used alone or with other
medications to treat epileptic seizures in adults
and children. Product license applications for
lamotrigine have been filed or approved in more
than 50 countries throughout the world. In
preclinical models, this drug demonstrates
activity against both maximal electroshock and
pentylenetetrazol seizures. The primary action of
lamotrigine is, most likely, blockade of sodium
channels, with resultant inhibition of glutamate
and aspartate release. As would be expected
from this spectrum of activity, the drug has
shown clinical efficacy in both partial and
generalized seizures and in a variety of epilepsy
syndromes. Particularly promising results have
been demonstrated in difficult-to-control
epilepsy syndromes with mixed seizures. The
usual maintenance dosage of lamotrigine is 200
to 500 mg daily given in two divided doses.
Extension studies have shown even better
efficacy with daily doses of approximately 700
mg. The most frequently reported adverse events
are CNS-associated side effects and rash.
(Pellock, 1994)
On June 2003, Lamotrigine was approved by the
FDA for maintenance treatment for adults with
bipolar disorder. It has been found to help delay
bouts of depression, mania, hypomania (a milder
form of mania), and mixed episodes in those
being treated with standard therapy.Lamotrigine
has emerged with a distinct place in the
pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder,
with the potential to treat and prevent bipolar
depression, which is the dominant and arguably
most disabling and under-treated phase of the
illness. This review examines the published
clinical trials of lamotrigine in bipolar treatment.
While the data supports its tolerability and
safety, the strongest evidence for its efficacy lies
in the prevention of bipolar depression, with
weaker evidence for the treatment of acute
bipolar depression, refractory unipolar and
bipolar depression, and rapid cycling bipolar
disorder. The total number of published well
designed trials is small, even the maintenance
evidence is derived from two studies. However,
this relative inadequacy compares favorably
with the alternative treatment options for bipolar
depression, which are marked by poor efficacy
or risk of polarity switch. The designation of
lamotrigine as first-line treatment for bipolar
depression prophylaxis should be done in
cognizance of this context, and it would seem
prudent to await greater evidence of efficacy
before designating lamotrigine as first-line
treatment for other bipolar indications. Further
randomized controlled trials are required to
consolidate the available findings and to explore
the boundaries of lamotrigine’s efficacy, which
may encompass the soft spectral disorders. (Berk
et al. 2007)