Diplomacy

Let us never negotiate out of

fear.
But let us never fear to
negotiate

John Kennedy (JFK), 1961

• The term Diplomacy has been derived from the Latin noun
‘diploma’ means a ‘double’ or Greek verb ‘diploun’ which means ‘to
told’.
• The term diplomacy first used by Edmund Burke in ’Letters on a
Regicide Peace’ in1796.
• He used the term to mean skill or address in the conduct of
international intercourse and negotiations.
• It is employed as a synonym for foreign policy.
• It is used as art of negotiations
• It is the application of intelligence and tact to the conduct of official
relations between the governments of independent states.
• It is used for branch of the Foreign services.
• It is an abstract quality, gift and skill to conduct international
negotiations.
Definitions :
• 1. The Oxford English Dictionary is ‘the management of
international relations by negotiations or ‘ the method by
which these relations are adjusted and managed.
• Morgenthau ; ‘Diplomacy is the task of forming and
executing foreign policy on all levels. It has four tasks
• 1.the determination of national objectives in terms of
power
• 2. the assessment of the objectives of other states to
similar terms
• 3. the determination of the compatibility of objectives
• 4. the employment of means suited to the pursuit of its
objectives.
• Diplomacy occupies an important position in
international relations as one of the most important
and valuable instruments of foreign policy.
• Diplomacy is not new phenomena.
• The term Diplomacy has been defined as the
management of international relations by negotiation
or the method by which these negotiations are
adjusted and managed.
• Diplomacy is the promotion of national interest over
and above the national interest by peaceful means.
• Breakdown of diplomacy always leads to crisis.
• Diplomacy acts through organized networks and set
procedures.
Difference between foreign policy and diplomacy :
• 1. Foreign policy represents the substance of foreign relations whereas
diplomacy is the process by which the foreign policy is carried out
• Foreign policy is made by many different persons and agencies regarding
major matters of the state while diplomacy provides the personnel and
the machinery for the implementation of the foreign policy
• 3. Foreign policy is based upon the national requirements but diplomacy is
a method by which major conflicts arising between sovereign states have
been solved by the use of conciliation, exchange of views etc.
• 4. Foreign policy is the aggregate of decisions made by a government
regarding a state’s position but diplomacy is the instrument through which
the foreign policy is implemented
• 5. Diplomacy is the agency through which foreign policy seeks to attain its
purpose by agreement rather than war.
• Diplomacy and Foreign Policy are two vital important instruments of a nation’s behavior in
international relations. These two are two wheels of international relations.
• Diplomacy has two primary objectives.
1.Political objectives
2.Non-political objectives.

Functions of Diplomacy
1.Representation
2.Negotiation
3.Reporting
4.Protection of Interests.

Forms of Diplomacy
• Old Diplomacy
• New Diplomacy
• Personal Diplomacy
• Diplomacy by conference