MID TERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2020 Total: 25 Marks

Course Name: Sociology

Student Name: Registration ID:

Guidelines for students

1- Students will be evaluated on the submission of completed assignment

2- Students has to submit the required assessment within due date
3- If any students have a query they can contact to academic department during 10 to 12 during week days.

Q.1 Discuss the Role of Values in Social Research? (15Marks)

In sociology, value plays an important role as social values forms an important part of the
culture of society. Values provide the general guidelines to the social conduct. Values are
referred to sacrifice, rationality, equality, fundamental rights, respect for human dignity,
individuality, equality, democracy etc. guides the societies in many ways. Value is the criteria
through people priorities their activities and chooses between alternative courses of action. The
social behavior derived from social interaction is referred to value as a standard. The values are
accepted as a social fact which is accepted by any society or culture in the country.

Q.2 Write down the note on Symbolic Culture & Sub culture and Counter Culture?
(10Marks)

Symbolic culture:

Meaning of symbols is created by cultural significance. Different symbols have different

meaning in different cultures. For instance: Pakistani flag, traditional dress, language etc.
Symbols have great influence and powerful expression. Culture is universal but people have
different ways of expressing culture. A symbol is something to which people attached meaning
and then they used to communicate. Symbols are great way to express your culture. Symbols
are the root of all cultures. Symbols are signs and elements that express something in a
meaningful way.

Subculture:

The cultural values and behavioral patterns are distinctive in a particular group or in a society. A
group having social, economic, ethnic or other traits distinctive enough to distinguish it from
others within the same culture or society. Subculture can be defined by music, fashion, race,
economy etc. Subculture provides context and meaning to social life. Subculture may support a
value that encourages people. Cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of a
subculture, raising their status and helping differentiate themselves from members of other
groups.
Counterculture:

Counterculture is a social political term indicating a point of dissent between dominant or

mainstream ideologies and alternative, value systems, so creating a collective voice that can be
considered a significant minority. Counter cultural action or expression communicates
disagreement, opposition, disobedience or rebellion. A Counterculture rejects or challenges
mainstream culture or particular elements of it. This might mean

1. Protesting against a particular situation or issue.

2. Rubbing against the accepted or acceptable way of doing things.
3. Finding new ways to represent you when you are misrepresented or simply not
represented.
4. Creating your own culture when you are dissatisfied with culture that is made for you.