SPM ADDITIONAL MATHEMATIC 3472 CHAPTER 9: DIFFERENTIATIONS ‘Topic 9 Ditferentiation 9.01 Definitions & Fist Principles Differentiation ‘9.011 Statement Definitions / Takrif pat] ‘When x increases by + dy Sx, y will increases by dy, [ax — small change of x e =x eM |5y—> small change of y yt dy axt ox \5—> DELTA ‘Tople » Dimerentia {9.01 Derinidons & Furst Principles Diterenti (Use the definition )f Pembezaan Prinslp Pefama J ‘9.012 rst Principles Ditferentation eg Find the first derivative of y= 2? from first principles. Soltttton : ye! a Dpinareases by @y}_3f99]=(4 +6) imanen by Ge] yrdyaa7+26x0x+(dx)) (2) (2-0, (94+ dy)-y a(x? +25x02+(8x)')-? Oy=2dxex+ (dx) (+49) |Important Note ‘ imp es ce 2x+5x CY ox ay, oy [The symbol of definition for differentiation| 7 jax” Ox =2x+0 dy. (By ie =1in(&) idx #0 Gx) ‘shortcut of symbol for differentiation| ®)_ ong a eg: Find the first derivative of y= 32-42 fiom first principles Solution 2-0, (y+ dy)—y=(8x+3dx+2)-(30+2) y=3x+2. {ly By =36s yhdy=3(x+dx)+2 (25x) yr dy = 3x4 38x42. 2)eg3 Find the first derivative of y= fiom frst principles. Solution oO y+ dys. 2-0. {2} Find the first derivative of y = 4 from first principles, x Solution ae eH oO = (er éxyH1 (a) Aa) oes = ( +93 Q) (2)- th, (+89) 24+ D- 2+ da+D, (e+1)(e+ de+1) } 2 (2x+2)—(2x+2(6x) oa exes) i +x(Sxjtxta+(dx) 1 | -2(53) x +x(dx)+2x+(dx)41 (+32) ___ 2?) Ty x(x) + 2at (5x) +1) (2)-(sapasws) (=a) 2. Gey & dk“Tople 9 Differentiation Dilferentiaion / Penbezaam Ruamns Asus | v9.02 4Fermulae OF Differentiation | Pembezaan 4 Ruma fi 9.021 Basle Formulae OF pax” eal Differentiate y =3x* with respect to x. Solution "eg. [memories] Differentiate y =3x with respect to x Solution year B gaye = Zo a 0 D assy Ba ixay! & » 34 eH, eg "e.g.3 {memories] Differentiate y =2 with respect tox. Differentiate y= x? with respect to x Solution: yas wy ot $ = 0x28 cas: wy o# Differentiate x° — 2x with respect to x. & Solution d <(2°-2x)=327 -22" ql?) =3x7-24 26 i eae i f@=a Differentiate y= with respect to. Solution: | Solution : * é ' Solution: BR = 1B | Sa) = 63x"! = 185° | #*@)=5x18x"7 = 90x" #y scope | =Sx1Bx "= 90x" | g(x) = 4x 90a"! = 3602 £2 aiferentiate the “brackets” — (de (2=+4) sith-respect tox: x FFespands first before we differentiate iteg3: Ditirentinteses_2 With respect tox gd: Differentiate I= 5 al -3) with respect tor, [The constants no need involved in deflerentiation ‘Topic 9 Differentiation 9.028 Product Rule ( Pembezaam Pendavaben) : [Can be avoided ) eg: Differentiate » Solution: x! (2x+1)' with respeet to x, yax (2x41) i) = 2x(2a-41)'+4(2x41)'(2)x? = 2x(2x+1)' +8x?(2x41)" =2x(2u+l) [2x+1+4x] x(2x+1) (6x +1) # BS RS B/S BLS eg2: Differentiate y= 2x(x' —1)' with respect toa. Solution: y=2x(x'-1)" B-2( a) 43( a" (ax)2x 4 (2?-1)' +128"(x-1)' B22 a) [(v aor] 2 (x? -1)' (77-1) #eg3 Differentiate y = x(x+1)’ with respect to x Solution yox(x+l)) yax(x?+2x41) ‘Topic 9 Dtferentiation 9.024 Quotient Rule (Pembezaan Pembahagian ): egl Tifrenfinteyr = wrthiremenbtace el Solution: _ x el _ 2{x+1)-1]2x) ~ (x+if 2x+2-2x (x41) 2 (ay “ # BS BS BS eg2 e Difforentate y= 5*— with respect tox Solution: ) ror dy _2x(2x-1)-2(x") dy (2x-1F7 4x4 25-29‘Tople 9 Differentiation 9.08 Usages OF Differentiations [ Approximation | f hamplr Sama Dengan | = The formulae can usedin sections : Appraximate value, small changes, and percentages of small changes. a ox de sy & 6x|—> first formula 2 42x(dx)+(Sx)° (2)-{}, Sy = 2x(5x)+ (6x) (+8) oe #54] a 2x+(dx) oye Fe “Tope 9 Diterentiation 9:08 Usages Of Differentations [Approximation] amp Sama Dengan J 9.091 Approximate Value eg Find the approximate value of 26 by using the calculus method. Solution ; a a byx Bx ax Lety= ve y=v35 a et yes Syne oe , We wil sya! dx 2 me x1 ao 1 ? 2S ae 1 ak 2 bye axl Zh oe =l 77365) whenx=25, dx= dyad ‘The approximate value for 26 =ytdy =5+01 =S1H (The value of -/26 in the calculator is 5.09901954eg2 Find the approximate value of 3.9” by using the calculus method. The value of 3,9° in the calculator is 15.21 Solution ' 1 = | = aye Sa ax ! dys 2xx-0.1 4-913.) | dy x 2(4)x-0.1 ' dye 8x-0.1 ; byx 08 ; ‘The approximate value for 3.9° 1 sy+tay ; =16+(-0.8) {215.28 ‘Topic 9 Differentiation 9.03 Usages OF Differentiations { Approximation | f hamplr Sama Dengan | '¥ 9.091 Small Changes | approximated | egl Find the small changes in an area of circle when the radius increases from 2 om to 2.1 om by using the caleulus method. Solution (Compare with the calculus method Caloulus Method: 2 a = 22a a whens = 2,dr=0.1 a Oh aor Increases InL oL=2arx0.1 Ale Ae 6L=2n(2)x0.1 als SL=04An#€.8.2 (Inverse Concepts} Ifk =2(9+4°), find the small change of h when the k increases from 26 to 26,3 where h > 0. Solution: ae = k=20+m) She Tok Agee Relsae? baa x03 t8+ 2h" = 26 Fath = 2h =8 h when k a 5h 0.0375# “Tople 9 Dilferentiation ‘9.08 Usages Of Differentiations[ Approximation | { hamplr Sama Dengan | 9.035 Percentages OF Small Changes (spose | eat (9+ I?), if increases by P% when x= 5, find the percentages of small change for y. Percentages Of Small Change For y (a 100% (Hs IT 5, SPH eg2 Given that k =12—4x + 5x’, if.x increases by P% when x= 6, find the percentages of small change for y. Solution y=12-4(6)+5(6)" Percentages Of Small Change For y y=l2-4e45x? = [2000 y ty 5, 2 B_ gine bye xd : ae re = By 000% By =(—4+10(6)}x| — wien 6e= P50? 9 00)() on 100° 100 = (882 ( 100% oP 100 (ioe) aym(s6){ 52) 100 ) 336 po, © 168 =2p#opie 9 Ditrerentiation ¥ 9.034 Rates Of Change 9.08 Usages OF Differentiatons [ Approximation | f hamplr Sama Dengan | (@_ Rates Of Increases te at (#) The meaning Of Rates de ‘SG; ~3.em’s or 3 cms means that xis inereases by 3 cm per seconds. ** (it) Chain Rules: |” = di de dt Given that y=3x+2 and y= v" +1, find the rates of change of x when.y is changing at the rate of 0.5 unit/s at v= 3. eg. Solution: va3e42 ® os unis 1 a vera] Svbstintes Hi dik y=(re2) 41 dtode dt y= (9x 12044) +1 os-(te( 4] 12) ya9x41dxt5 2 Borger 05-18 alg a 36 9.038 Curves, Tangents, and Normal set Ix 2 = gradient of the tangent <> gradient of the curve <> gradient fimction Noemal éy. n (22) coin time cd = gradient of tmgent at pointTople 9 Ditferentiation v9.08 Usages OF Dierendations '¥ 9.036 Stationary Points, Turning Polnts, Maximum Points, Minimum Paints And Polnt Of Tnfleion (@__ Stationary Points ie (2) forstaionary points: | (©) for stationary points: | om @ AUlMaximom Point Gi) All Miaimam Foi | Gi) Some Of the point of inflexion ea (eo ie ids & lee (i)_Points Of Inflexion [ Point at the middle of "S" ] @) Point atthe middle of alphabet "S” (2) Have 2 types of point of inflexion. “Gii)_Tuming Point [ Must changes the direction] oi (2) 2 types of tuming points, Maximum Point Minimum Point MhGv) The Condition Of Maximum Points, ee: Find the stationary point for the curve y =2x—x" and determine the charactersties Solution x when.e=1y=2(1)-(1)° stationary point = (1,1) 2<0 ‘The stationary point (1,1) is a maxintum point. *@)_The Condition Of Minimum Points a Find the stationary point for the curve y = when x=3,y=(3)' —6(3) stationary point = (3,-9) 2 oY & The stationary point (3,-9) is a minimum point *Qvi)_ The Condition Of Point Of Inflexion ee: Find the point of inflexion for y= Solution 40 £.(0,1) is the point of inflexion, #ey ay? ds ay 6 a *(vi)_Maxima & Minima Problem ,_ av awl (ee \ae then jer >0| [ae (@) For Pag, oF @ 1f¥,,, then () Ith,