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Sets Problems
Sets Problems
Let A and B be two finite sets such that n(A) = 20, n(B) = 28 and n(A ∪ B) =
36, find n(A ∩ B).
Solution:
= 20 + 28 - 36
= 48 - 36
= 12
2. If n(A - B) = 18, n(A ∪ B) = 70 and n(A ∩ B) = 25, then find n(B).
Solution:
n(B - A) = 70 - 43
n(B - A) = 27
= 25 + 27
= 52
3. In a group of 60 people, 27 like cold drinks and 42 like hot drinks and each
person likes at least one of the two drinks. How many like both coffee and tea?
Solution:
Given
= 27 + 42 - 60
= 69 - 60 = 9
= 9
4. There are 35 students in art class and 57 students in dance class. Find the
number of students who are either in art class or in dance class.
• When two classes meet at different hours and 12 students are enrolled in
both activities.
Solution:
(i) When 2 classes meet at different hours n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
= 35 + 57 - 12
= 92 - 12
= 80
(ii) When two classes meet at the same hour, A∩B = ∅ n (A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B)
- n(A ∩ B)
= n(A) + n(B)
= 35 + 57
= 92
5. In a group of 100 persons, 72 people can speak English and 43 can speak
French. How many can speak English only? How many can speak French only
and how many can speak both English and French?
Solution:
Given,
= 72 + 43 - 100
= 115 - 100
= 15
= 72 - 15
= 57
= 43 - 15
= 28
Word problems on sets using the different properties (Union & Intersection):
Solution:
Given,
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 45 n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4
We know that number of elements belonging to exactly two of the three sets A,
B, C
= 36 + 12 + 18 + 4 - 45 - 12
= 70 - 57
= 13
7. Each student in a class of 40 plays at least one indoor game chess, carrom
and scrabble. 18 play chess, 20 play scrabble and 27 play carrom. 7 play chess
and scrabble, 12 play scrabble and carrom and 4 play chess, carrom and
scrabble. Find the number of students who play (i) chess and carrom. (ii) chess,
carrom but not scrabble.
Solution:
We have
40 = 69 – 19 - n(C ∩ A)
40 = 50 - n(C ∩ A) n(C ∩ A) = 50 - 40
n(C ∩ A) = 10
Therefore, Number of students who play chess and carrom are 10.
Also, number of students who play chess, carrom and not scrabble.
= n(C ∩ A) - n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 10 – 4
=6
Example 1 :
Solution :
Step 1 :
Step 2 :
n(MnCnP) = 14
Step 3 :
= 64 - [28 + 26 - 14]
= 64 - 40
= 24
Step 4 :
= 94 - 34
= 60
Step 5 :
= 58 - [28 + 22 - 14]
= 58 - 36
= 22
Step 6 :
= 24 + 60 + 22
= 106
Hence, the total number of students who had taken only one course is 106.
Step 1 :
Step 3 :
= 24 + 60 + 22
= 106
Hence, the total number of students who had taken only one course is 106.
Example 2 :
Solution :
Step 1 :
Let F, H and C represent the set of students who play foot ball, hockey and
cricket respectively.
Step 2 :
n(FnHnC) = 8
Step 3 :
Then, we have
n(FuHuC) = 65 + 45 + 42 -20 - 25 - 15 + 8
n(FuHuC) = 100
Step 1 :
= 28 + 12 + 18 + 7 + 10 + 17 + 8
= 100
Example 3 :
Solution :
n(C) = 60
n(P) = 40
n(B) = 30
n(CnP) = 15
n(PnB) = 10
n(BnC) = 5
n(CnPnB) = 0
= 40 + 15 + 15 + 15 + 5 + 10 + 0
= 100
Example 4 :
In a town 85% of the people speak Tamil, 40% speak English and 20% speak
Hindi. Also 32% speak Tamil and English, 13% speak Tamil and Hindi and 10%
speak English and Hindi, find the percentage of people who can speak all the
three languages.
Solution:
Let T, E and H represent the people who speak Tamil, English and Hindi
respectively.
n(T) = 85
n(E) = 40
n(H) = 20
n(TnE) = 32
n(TnH) = 13
n(EnH) = 10
Let x be the percentage of people who speak all the three language.
From the above venn diagram, we can have
100 = 40 + x + 32 – x + x + 13 – x + 10 – x – 2 + x – 3 + x
100 = 40 + 32 + 13 + 10 – 2 – 3 + x
100 = 95 – 5 + x
100 = 90 + x
x = 100 - 90
x = 10%
So, the percentage of people who speak all the three languages is 10%.
Example 5 :
An advertising agency finds that, of its 170 clients, 115 use Television, 110
use Radio and 130 use Magazines. Also 85 use Television and Magazines, 75
use Television and Radio, 95 use Radio and Magazines, 70 use all the three.
Draw Venn diagram to represent these data. Find
(iii) how many use Television and Magazine but not radio?
Solution:
Let T, R and M represent the people who use Television, Radio and Magazines
respectively.
n(T) = 115
n(R) = 110
n(M) = 130
Number of people who use Television and Magazines
n (TnM) = 85
n(TnR) = 75
n(RnM) = 95
n(TnRnM) = 70
From the above venn diagram, we have
(iii) Number of people who use Television and Magazine but not radio is 15.
Example 6 :
In a class of 60 students, 40 students like math, 36 like science, 24 like
both the subjects. Find the number of students who like
(i) Math only, (ii) Science only (iii) Either Math or Science (iv) Neither Math
nor science.
Solution :
Step 1 :
Let M and S represent the set of students who like math and science
respectively.
Step 2 :
Step 3 :
Answer (i) :
= n(M) - n(MnS)
= 40 - 24
= 16
Step 4 :
Answer (ii) :
No. of students who like science only :
= n(S) - n(MnS)
= 36 - 24
= 12
Step 5 :
Answer (iii) :
= n(M or S)
= n(MuS)
= 40 + 36 - 24
= 52
Step 6 :
Answer (iv) :
n(MuS) = 52
= 60 - 52
= 8
Example 7 :
Solution :
Step 1 :
Let M and D represent the set of Indian men and Doctors respectively.
Step 2 :
Step 3 :
24 = 23 + 4 - n(MnD)
n(MnD) = 3
Step 4 :
So, out of the 4 Indian doctors, there are 3 men.