Pressure
of Pure Substances
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
DASIEL R. STLLL
T h e increasiug importance of yapor pressures iii the
forw-ard march of technology prompted the author to as-
semble as much of this information as h e could locate.
Data on oVer 1200 organic compounds from the literature
and private sources were collected and weighed, and are
presented in the accompanying tables.
P ROB.iBI,T the method most generally uaed for the purifica-
tion of organic compounds is t h a t of distillation. For thou-
sands of yenrs distillation vas regarded as a n a r t , b u t the develop-
ment of the technology of this process has removed it from the
realm of a r t and has placed it on a rational scientific basis. One of
the cornrrstones in t h e structure of technical distillation is a
knov-led,;e of t h e vapor pressures of t h e components being sepa-
rated. 111 a number of other portions of tlie fields of chemical
and physical technology t h e story is t h e same. K h e t h e r t h e
problem a t hand deals \r.ith estraction, absorption, m a s action
reaction rates, or a host of others, the vapor pressure of the con-
stituents i. required knowledge for the solution of the problem.
Vapor pressure information is scattered throughout the chemical
literature in countless places, many of 17-hich are not available t o
the avernge technical mnn. It would be desirable and helpful if
t1ie.e d:ita were collected and tematically arranged within
convenient reach of all.
Such a project induced t,lie interest of t h e writer some six
years ago; conseque:itly a n effort was made t o exhaust methodi-
cally the sources of such iiiformation. Chernicul A b s f m c t s w a i
searched through 1942: since t h a t time so many d a t a have heen
restricted or t h e periodical file has heen broken, t h a t onll- inconi-
plete coverage has been effected. I n the vast majority of cases t’he
original documents n-ere consulted. Considerable help was de-
rived from esi;ting collectionc of vapor pressure d a t a (11, 191.
208, 2$6a, 356) in locating and checking information which wa-
not :ivailahle i n the original publication. Each group of d a t a
K:IS copied onto a card n-ith the formula and name of tlie coni-
pound and t h e source of tlie information. After several years it
became apparent t h a t one could continue collecting d a t a v i t h o u t
ever having a complete collection ; consequently the deci5ion IYZIS
reached t o start norking u p the information.
The method of trenting the d a t a grew out of n desire t o pre-ent
the informatioil in tematic tabular form \Tliich would allow
easy comparison of different compounds. The prohlem of accu-
rately reviorking the originnl information is coniplicated by tliP
fact t h a t the experimenter did his investigation under a myriad
of conditions a’ t o temperature and pressure. analyticnl
method seemed to present t h e be-t ~ a ofy accomplishing t h e de-
sired result. h 56 X 35 inch Cox chart (95, 106, 107. 108) n-az
used together with a set of m a p tacks of different colors. A411the
information on a given compound was plotted using different col-
ors to represent the \Tork of different individuals. With com-
The D o u Chemical Company, .?!Zidlartd, Mich.
pounds t h a t had been much worked on, it as easy to see which
of the points did not fall on t h e median line. This median line
wis actually a t a u t thread placed so thnt it touched the d a t a in
which one had the most confidence. Deciding n-hich information
to p u t confidence in required much ingenuity. If confidence J T ~ S
engendered through experience with the work of a given individ-
ual, i t was extended t o his other I\-ork. If the measurements
tT-ere made a long time ago when apparatus wa? poor hy present
standards or t h e science was too young t o appreciate the \Torth of
pure compounds, and if t h e d a t a did not agree \Tit11 mole recent
data, they n-ere relegated t o a place of lesser importnnce. By
choice and elimination t h e thread was placed (under slight ten-
sion) so t h a t i t fit t h e points consistently, and temperature values
were “read back” at, predetermined pressures and copied onto
yellox cards. These yellow cards carvy also the empirical for-
mula, the name of the compound, and, on t h e back, 2111 the refer-
ences related t o t h a t compound. So t h a t ambiguity rould be mini-
mized, the name recognized by Chemical Abstracts was used.
T h e arrangement in the tables is also t h a t folloir-ed by Chemical
.ibstracts for organic compounds so t h a t they m a y be quickly
locnted by empirical formula.
Table I contains pressures (in niillimeters of mercury) under
one atmosphere, whereas Table I1 contains pressures (in atmos-
pheres) over one atmosphere. All temperatures are in C. Since
there is a discontinuity in a vapor pressure curve :It the melting
point of the compound, it is listed in Table I where knon-n. Since
t h e vapor pressure curve ends a t the critical point, Table 11 lists
the critical temperature and pressure.
It is difficult t o assemble results from a Iargc: number of ~ ~ o r k e r s
tvorkiiig in all parts of t h e v-orld v i t h all kinds of equipment
over t h e last hundred odd years, and assign accuracy to this data.
Since t h e method of interpolation is a graphical one, the personal
error is also a n unknon-n factor. In a number of cases t h e same
d a t a n-ere plotted and “read hack” a t times .,Tell separated from
each other. T h e agreement \vas a l n a y s within half a degree;
therefore tlie 11-riter feels certain t h a t t,he values presented in
these tables are correct t o the nearest degree (assuming t h a t the
origiiinl iiiformation is accurate). T h e writer further feels t h a t
in the majority of cases, the agreement n-ill be of the order of a
few tenths of a degree.
XOMEKCLATURE
d = dccomposes ALP. = melting point
tl = dextrorotatory P o = critical pressure
dl = inactive (50% d a n d 50% I ) p = polymerizes
e = explodes s = solid
i = levorotatory T, = critical temperature
Tables I and 11, pages 518-536
Literature citations, pages 337-540
518 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY Vol. 39, No. 4
April 1947 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 519

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536 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY Vol. 39, No. 4
April 1947 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thi-. ’. not solely t h e work of one individual.
5 ia Many hand3
have helped with the task, and it is a pleasure to t h a n k all ivho
have helped make this cooperative project a reality.
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Vol. 39, No. 4

J. A m .
.
Chrv,. , h , , r . .
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.---,
(195) .Tenkin
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(197) Jolly and Birscoe, J . Chem. Soc., 129,2154-9 (1926).
(198) Kahlbaum, Bet., 16, 2476-84 (1883).
(199) Ibid., 17, 1245-62 (1884).
(200) Ibid.. 19, 2863-5 (1886).
(201) Kahlbaurn, "Yedetemperatur und Druck", Leipzig, 1885.
(202) Kahlbaum, "Studien uber Dampfspannkraft", p. 116, B:iwI,
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(203) Kahlbaum, Z . physik. Chem., 13, 14-55 (1894).
(204) Ibid., 26, 577-658 (1895).
(205) Kailan, 2. anal. Chem., 51,81-101 (1912).
('206) Karwat, Z. physik. Chem., 112,486-90 (1924).
(207) Kassel, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,58, 670 (1936).
(208) Kelley, U. S.Bur. Mines, Bull. 383 (1935).
(209) Kemp and Giauque, J . A m . Chem. SOC.,59,79-84 (1937).
(210) Kendall and McKensie. "Organic Syntheses", T'ol. 111, pp.
57-9, Ke\v York, John Kiley &Sons, Inc., 1923.
(211) Kennedy, Sagenkahn, and .iston, J . Ana. Chem. Soc., 63,
2267-72 (1941).
2 I l r Kiietmi. -1,ch. iit'rrlund. sci., 26, 354 (lb9S;i.
242) Kuerien :ind I?obson, Phil. M a g . , [SI 3, 149 (1902).
124.3) Kiistcr. 2 . p h ~ s i k Chem.,
. 51, 222-42 (1905).
244) Lntiili and Itoper. J . A m . Chem. SOC.,62, 806-14 (19.40).
124.51 Lniida nnd Iliedl, Collection C'zechodot. Chem. C ' o m n i ~ , ~2. ,.
520 -30 (1930).
'246) L ~ n d o l t -, i n n . S I ( ? I ~ 6,
) ~199-51
., (1868).
24tin) I,:itirlolt-B8rnstein, "Physikaliscli-Chc.~rlisc~~eTtii,cllr~i"
F I n u g t w r k , 1353-77: I Erginzung~band, 72\1-42: I1
Ergiiiizungshand, 1302-10; I11 ErgBnznne~hatid,24Ihfi--fiL'
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923-36.
247j Lecat, A ? f n . soc. sci. Urzcrelles, 49B, 17-27 (1!~2!h.
8,245) de Leeun-, 2. p h y s . Chem., 77, 284-314
249) Lentlr. J . A m . Chem. Soc., 55, 3283 (19
'50) L6pingle, Bull. soc. chim. JfCm., 39, 741
,5l) Leslie and Carr, ISD.EKG.CHEM.,17, ~ 1 0 - 1 7fliI951,
) 5 2 ) Lewis and Scliutz, J . Am. Chem. SOC..5 6 , 11702 119341.
( 5 3 ) Lindcr, J . P h y s . Chem., 35, 531-5 (19:jl '.
(254) Lippert, Ann., 276, 148-99 (1893).
( 2 5 5 ) Livingston and Heisig, J . A m . Chem. Aw.. 52. 24Oil--liJ (19XI18.
(256) Lobry and Bruyn, Ber., 26, 266-7 (1S93).
(2.57) Lucas and Prater, J . A m . Chem. S O C . . 59. 1682-6 f,19:3!i).
( 2 3 s ) l\IacDougall, I b i d . , 58, 2585-91 (1936).
' 259) .\IacDongnll and Smith, I t d . , 52, 1WS- 2001 ( 19:Kl.
( 2 6 0 ) Maass and Boomer, Ibid., 44, 1709-2K , 1922).
1id1\lcInto,~h, I r ~ i d ,36,
, 737-42 ~ l C l l 4 ~ .
inil JViiglit, Ib;i/,, 43, 109-111 (1921).
. anorg. Chem., 149, 150-6 (1925).
(264) Mali arid Ghosh, Quart. J . I n d i a n Chem. Soc.. 1,37-43 (1924,.
( 2 6 5 ) llangold, W i r n . A k a d . Ber.. 102, 111, 1071 (1893).
(266) Mannich, Bcr., 35, 2144-6 (1902).
(267) LIarsden and Cuthberton, Can. J . I?esearch, 9,419-23 (19
(268) Marshall, J . Chern. SOC., 89, 1371-86 (1908).
(269) Ilathcn.., J . A m . Chem. SOC.,48, 562-76 (1926).
(2701 M a y , Berliner. and Lynch Ibitl.. 49, 1012-6 (1927).
(271) 1Ienzel and Mohry, 2. anorg. d i g ~ i n .Chent.. 210, 257-63
(1933).
(272) Menzies, J . A m . Chem. Ssoc., 41, 1336-7 (1919),
(:273) Merriman, J . Chena. SOC.,103, 628-36 (1913).
(274) Mesacrly and Kennedy, J . Am. Chrm. Soc., 62, P98b-91 (lY4(J,
( 2 7 5 ) lleyers and Van Dusen, J . Research T r r t i . B u r . S'tarrdrrrds. 10,
381-412 (1933).
( 2 7 6 ) lliclialek and Clark, Cherra. Eng. A\-b~~,s,22, 1559-63 (1944).
f 277) Llinguin, Gregoirr. and BvllenlOnt, f'om7~L. , w ? c l . , 134, 6OR - l C
(1902).
( 2 7 8 ) Moslinger, Af~rt.,185, 26-74 (1887).
(279) Moslinger, Ber.. 9, 998-1008 (1876).
(280) Moitessier and Cngel, Jahresber. Chemie. 1880, 142.
(281) Moles and Batuecas, J.chim. p h y s . , 17, 537-85 (1919).
(282) Monhaupt, Chern.-Ztg., 32, 573 (1908).
(283) Nonrew, Bontarir, and Dufraisw. J . c h i m p h y s . , 18, :3:3:3-47
(1920).
April 1947 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
1284) Monroe, ISD.ENG.CHEM.,12,969-71 (1920).
' 2 8 5 ) Montmollin and Matile. Helu. C h i m . Acta. 7.106-11 (1924).
286) Moorehouse and Maass, Can. J . Research, 5,306-12i1931).
1287)Ibid., 11,637-43 (1934).
(288)hfortimer and Murphy, IND. ENQ.CHEY.,15,1140-2 (1923).
(289)IhIiindel, Z. p h y s . Chem., 85,435-65(1913).
1290) Nadejdine, J . Russ. Phys. Chem. Soc., 14,157 (1882).
i291) Ibid., 15,25 (1883).
1292) Nadejdine, R e p . phys., 23,759 (1887).
,293)Nagornow and Rolinjana, Ann. inst. anal. p h y s . chim.
(U.S.S.R.), 2,371-400 (1924).
(294) Nef, Ann., 270,267-335 (1892).
:295)Ibid., 310,316-35 (1900).
1296) Nelson, ISD.EXG.CHEM., 22,971-2 (1930).
'297)Ibid., 20,1350-2 (1928).
298) I b i d . , 20,1382-4 (1928).
299) Nelson and Senseman. Ibid., 14,58-62 (1922).
300) Nelson and Kales, J . Am. Chem. SOC., 47,867-72 (1925).
301) Kelson and Young, Ibid., 55,2429-31 (1933).
,302)Neubeck, Z . physii;. Chem., 1, 649-66 (1887).
t 303) Kiederschulte, Dissertation Erlangen, 1903.
304) Sieuwland, Calcott, Downing. and Carter, J . Am. Chem. Soc.,
53,4197-202 (1931).
1 :305) Xikitin, J . Russ. Phys.-Chem. SOC.,52,235-49 (1920).
' 3 0 6 ) Olszewski, Compt. rend., 99,708-7 (1884).
07) Olszeiyski, A n n , P h w i k . , 31,58-74 (1887).
08) Onnes and Xeher, T-ersZag A k a d . Wetenschappen, 22, 226
(1913).
:309) Paneth and Loleit, .I. Chem. Soc., 138,366-71 (1935).
,310)Parks and Barton, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 50,24-6 (1928).
311) Paterno and liazauchelli, Gazz. chim. ital., 50,I,30-52 (1920).
12) Patnode and JYilcock, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 68,358-63(1946).
13) Patterson, Ber., 38.210-3 (1905).
14) Pan-lev-ski. I b i d . , 16,2633-6 (1883).
315) Pearce and Peters, J . P h y s . Chem., 33,871-8(1929).
316) Perkin, J . C h e m . Soc., 55,549-51 (1881).
317) Perry, J . P h p . Chem., 31,1737-41 (1927).
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9) Pesce and Evdokimoff, Gam. chim. ital., 70,712-6 (1940).
0) Picliett and Peterzon, IXD.ENG.CHEY.,21,325-6 (1929).
1) Piloty, Ber., 31,454-7(1898).
2) Pinette, Ann., 243,32-63 (1888).
'3) Plank and Hsia, Z. ges. Khlte-lnd., 38,97 (1931).
4) Plank and Vnhl, Forch. Gehiete Ingeniezrrzc., Xusgabe 2, 11-8
(1 !nl).
\ - - -
,325) Poner and Kleber, Arch. Pharm., 232,634-48 (1894).
326) I b i d . , G49-39 (1894).
3 2 7 ) Power and Kleber, P h a r m . Rei., 13, 60 (1595).
328) Poner and Lees J . Chem. SOC.,81,1585-94 (1902).
9) Price, Itiid., 107,188-98 (1915).
0) Purcell and Zahoorbux, Ibid., 140,1029-35(1937).
1) Rainsay and Shields, Z. physik. Chem., 12,433-76(1893).
2) Ranisay and l o u n g , B e r . , 19,2107-14 (1886).
3 ) Ranisay and Young, J . Chem. Soc.. 47,42-5 (1885).
;334) I b i d . , 47,640-57 (1885).
i~335)Ibid., 49,790-812 (1886).
(336) Itamsay arid Toung, Phil. 'Trans.,A175,37 (1884).
(337) Ibid., 1771,123 (1356).
::338) Ibid., A178,57 (1887).
1339) Ibid., A178,313 (1887).
1340) Ibid., 180,137 (1889).
:341) Ranisay and Young, 2 . physik. Chem., 1,237-58 (1887).
1342) Ratchford. Rehberg, and Fisher, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 66,1864-7
(1944).
,'343) Regnault, M 6 m . P a r k , 26,339 (1862).
,344)I t i d . , 26,378 (1862)).
345) Ibid., 26,403 (1862).
46) Ibid., 26, 440 (1862).
47) I b i d . 26,445 (1862).
48) I b i d . , 26,455 (1862)).
49) Ibid.. 26,462 (1862).
50) Ibid., 26,535 (1862).
51) Regnaul?, Rel. des e x p . 2,440-62.
t'352) Rex, Z . phgsii;. Chem., 55, 355-70 (1916).
i353) Richardson. J . Chem. Soc., 49,761-76 (1886).
(354) Riley and Gray, "Organic Syntheses". Vol. XV, pp. 67-9,
Sen. York, J o h n Xiley &- Sons, Inc., 1935.
( 3 5 5 ) Rinlcenhach, ISD.ESG. CHEM.,19,474-6 (1927).
(356) Robinson, "Elements of Fractional Distillation", 1st ed.,
S e w I l o r k , McGran-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1922.
(357) Rocho-iv and Dennis, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 57,486-7(1935).
(358) Rolla, Atti accad. Lincei, 18,365-73 (1909).
(359) Rossini, .Im. Petroleum Inst. Research Project 44; Willing-
hani et aZ., I t i d .
1360) Itousset, Bull. S O C . chim. J f k m . , 111,15,58-72 (1896).
539
(361) Rubin, Levedahl, and Yost, J . Am. C h m . Soc., 66, 279-82
(1944).
(362) Rupe and Schlochoff, Ber., 38,1719-25 (1905).
(363) Sajotschewsky, Beibl. Ann. Physik., 3,741 (1879).
(364) Sameshima, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 40,1482-508 (1918).
(365) Scatchard and Raymond, Ibid.,60,1278-87 (1938).
(366) Scatchard, Wood, and Mochel, Ibid., 61,3206-10(1939).
(367) Scatchard, Wood, and Mochel, J . P h y s . Chem., 43, 119-130
(1939).
(368) Schierholta and Staples, Ibid., 57,2709-11(1935).
(369) Schiff, Ann., 220,71-113 (1883).
(370) Schimmel and Co., bulletins.
(371) Schlesinger and Walker, J . Am. Chem. Sot:., 57,621-5 (1935).
(372) Schlumberger,J . Gasbeleucht., 55,1257-60 (1912).
(373) Schmidt, Z . physik. Chem., 7,433-67(1891).
(374) Ibid., 8,628-46 (1891). '
( 3 7 5 ) Ibid., 58,513-40 (1907).
(376) Schuette and Con-ley, J . Am. C'hena. Soc., 53,3185-9 (1931).
(377) Schuette and Thomas, Ibid., 52,2028-30 (1930).
(378) Schutze and Kidenmann, Helv. Chim.Acta, 20,936-49(1937).
(379) Schultz, Ann., 174,201-35(1874).
(380) Scliumann, Ann. Physik., 12,40-65(1881).
(381) Schweitzer, Ann., 264,193-6 (1891).
(382) Seibert and Burrell, J . A m . . , C h e m . Soc., 37,2683-94 (1915).
(383) Semmler, "Die Atherischen Ole", Vol. I-IV, Leipzig, Veit &
CO., 1906-7.
(384) Semmler, Ber., 23,1803-10 (1890).
(385) Ibid., 25,3352-4 (1592).
( 3 8 6 ) Ibid., 26,2264-8 (1893).
(387) I b i d . , 34,3122-30 (1901).
(388) Senseman and Nelson, ISD. ENG.CHEM.,15,382-3 (1923).
(389) Seyer and Mann, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 67,325-9(1945).
(390) Simon and Huter, 2. Elektrochem., 41,28--33 (1935).
(391) Smith, J . Chem. SOC.,134 (2),2573-83 (1031).
(392) Smith and llenzies, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 32,1448-69 (1910).
(393) Smyth and Seaton, J . Ind. Hug. TozicoZ., 22.177-83(1940).
(391) Siiiythe and Engel, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,51,2646-70 (1929).
(395) Soden and Rojahn, Ber., 33,1720-4 (190CN).
(396) I b i d . , 33,3063-5 (1900).
(397) Soden and Treff, Chem.-Ztg., 27,S97 (1903).
(398) Solana and Moles, Anales soc. espac. .Lis. quEm., 30,886-917
(1932).
(399) Spence and Wild, J . Chem. Soc., 138,306--9 (1935).
(400) Speranski, Z. physik. Chem., 46,70--8 (1908).
(401)Ssemenow, J . Russ. Phys.-Chem. SOC.,31,115-35 (1889).
(402) Staedel, Ber., 15,2559-72 (1882).
(403) Stedman, Trans. Faradail Soc., 24,2S9-9:3 (1928).
(404) Stelzner, Dissertation Erlangen ( 1 901).
(405) Stephan, J . prakt. Chem., II,62,523-35 (1900).
(406) Stevens, ISD. EXG.CHEM.,35,655-60(1943).
(407) Stock, Henning, and Kuss, Ber., 54,1119-29(1921).
(408) Stock and Kuss, Ibid., 50,159-G4(1917).
(409)Stock and Praetorius, Ibid., 45,3568 (1912).
(410) Stock and Somieski, Ibid., 52,695-724 (1919).
(411) Stock and Stoltaenberg, Ibid., 50;498-50'2(1917).
(412) Stock and Willfroth, Ibid., 47,144-54 (1914).
(413) Stock and Zeidler, I b i d . , 54,531-41 (1921).
(414) Straus and Kollek, Ibid., 59,1664-81 (1926).
(415) Stuckey and Saylor, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,62,2922-5(1940).
(416) Stull, Ibid., 59,2726-33 (1937).
(417) Swan and Mack, Ibid., 47,2112-6(1925).
(418) Saift and Hochanadel, Ibid., 67,880-1 (1945).
(419) Takahashi and Yaginuma, J a p . J . Chem., 4,19 (1920).
(420) Tanaka and Sagai, Proc. I m p . Acad. (Tokyo), 5,78-9 (1929)..
(421) Tannenberger, Ber., 66,484-6 (1933).
(422) Taylor and Layng, J . Chem. Phys., 1,798-808 (1933).
(423) Taylor and Rinkenbach, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 48,1305-9 (1926).
(423a) Taylor and Smith, I b i d . , 44,2450-63 (1922).
(424) Taylor and Walden, Ibid., 66,842-3 (,1944).
(425) Tchugaeff, Ber.,31,360-8 (1898).
(426) Terrren, Z. phi/sik. Chem., 91,169-99 (1916).
(427) Thomas and Young, J . Chem. Soc., 67,1Cl71-5 (1895).
(428) Thorns, Ber., 36,3446-51 (1903).
(429) Thorns and Biltz, 2. allgem. o s t e v . Apoth-Ver., 42, 943-7
(1904).
(430) Thornton, Burg, and Schlesinger, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,55,3177-
82 (1933).
(431) Tiemann, Ber., 31,2989-92 (1895).
(432) Tiemann and Schmidt, I b i d . , 29, 903-26 (:lSg6),
(433) Ibid., 30,33-8 (1897).
(434) Tiemann and Semmler, Ber., 26,2708-29 (1893).
(435) I b i d . , 31,2889-99 (1898).
(436) Tiffeneau, Compt. rend., 139,481-6 (1904).
(437) Timmermans, Bull. S O C . chim. Belg., 36,502-8 (1927).
(438) Timmermans and Martin, J . Chim. phys., 23,733-46 (1926).
(439) Ibid., 25,411-51 (1928).
540 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(440) Treon, Crutchfield. and Kit,zmiller, J . lrsd. Hyg. TozicoT., 25,
199-214 (1CJ43'
(441) Tschugaeff. Bet... 33, 735-6 (1900).
(442) Ultee, I b i d . , 39, 1S56-8 (1900).
I Van der hleulen and Mann, J . A m . C'hcm. Soc., 53, 451-3
(1931).
Vanstone, J . Chem. Soc., 97, 4 2 9 3 3 (19101.
Taughan, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,54, 3863-76 (1
Tenable. Ber., 13 (2), 1649-52 (1880i.
Verschogle, Trans. R o y . Soc. (London), A230, 1Sil :1931 I ,
Villard, Ann. chim. phys., [ 7 ] 10, 387 (1897).
\ X a r d , Compt. rend., 120, 1262-5 (1895).
Villiers, Bull. soc. chim., 34, 25-7 (1880).
Vincent and Chappuis, Compt. rend., 100, 1216-8 (1885).
Yoliner and Kirchoff, 2.physik. Chem,., 115, 233-8 (19251.
Yon liechenberg, "Destillation", Leipzig, 1923.
T o n Siemens, A4?m.Physik., [4]42, 871-68 (19131.
Wade and llerriman, J . Chem. Soc., 101, 2138-43 (1912).
TTalbaum, Ber., 33, 2299-302 (1900).
\Iralbaurn, J . p r a k t . Chem., 11. 7 3 , 488-93 (1906).
Walhaum and Stephan, Ber., 33, 2302-8 (1900).
Walden, 2.phusik. Chem., 70, 569-619 (1910).
Wallach, A n n , , 275, 171 (1893).
I b i d . , 336, 1-46 (1904).
W'allach et al., Ibid., 279, 366-97 (18941.
Weber, Verslag A k a d . Wetenschappen, 22, 380 (1914).
Weneel and Pirak, Collection Czechoslou. C'hem. C'on~mi, re .. 6 ,
54-9 (1934).
Whitmore and Fleming, J . Am. C'hem. Soc., 55, 3903-6 (19:33).
Whitmore et al., I b i d . , 68,475-81 (1946).
(Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances)
INORGANIC CO POUNDS
T h e preceding paper catalupuetl \apor pre9sure t l a t n of
organic compounds. This article presents \ apor prc*surc
data for about 300 inorganic compounds and coniplete*
the co\erage of this field a t this time.
T HE foregoiiig report (441) discussed the n e d for accurate
vapor pre.ssure d a t a n-hen certaiil physical lan-a are put into
practical application. One of the constant cries ut' modern times
is for more extensive aiid better d a t a . T o a fair e.cte:it, a new
plant is no better tlinn t h e d a t a used in its design. Tliese tn-o re-
ports are intended as a s t a r t toward the improvenlelit of this cir-
cumstance.
The methodical exhaustion of the sources of vapor pressure d a t a
was begun some six years ago. Chemical $bstracts was searclitd
through 1942, b u t t h e coverage since then has been incomplete.
t n tlie vast majority of cases t h e original documeiits were con-
sulted. Existing collections of vapor pressure d a t a (9, 199, 249,
466) were of great help. I n this connection special attention
should be focused on t,he excellent compilation of Iielley (229),
which has holstered our work admirably.
The treatment of d a t a follows t h e style, format, and ge11crd
plan of t h e preceding paper. T h e analytical method n . ; i s re-
tained and was based on semilogarithmic charts menzurilig 30 X
42 inches (where 1 mm. = 1 C.) aiid colored map tacks reprepent-
ing the plotted points over which a t a u t thread n-as stretched.
This resulted i n t h e introduction of a gentle curvature t o tli? T:I-
por pressure line, b u t sufficient tacks were inserted 50 th:rt tlie
curve was virtually continuous and without angles. For t h e p r -
manent gases (those materials belom- -100" C.), the lines x e r e
penciled in with t h e help of a French curve, but, in view of tlic
uncertainties in temperature measurement above 500' C. (h-
coming less certain with increase of temperature), it n-a3 felt t h a t
t h e penciling of the curves \vas unnecessary. Where t h e tempera-
Vol. 39, No. 4
(407) IViherg and Sutterlin, 2 . Eleketrochem., 41, 151-3 (19353.
1168) Wilbrand and Beilstein, 2. Chemie, 7, 153-60 (1864).
(469) Xilcock. J . Am. Chem. SOC.,6 8 , 691-6 (1946).
(470) Killiarns, Ibid., 47, 2644-52 (1925).
(171) TVillingham et al., J . Research .V'atl. B7cr. Standards, 35, 219
(1945).
472) Kislicenus, Ann.. 275, 309-82 (1893).
473) Wittenberg and Meyer, B e r . , 16, 500-8 (1883).
(474) Koringer, 2.physik. Chem., 34, 257-89 (1900).
( 4 7 5 ) Kullener and Grotrian, W i e d d n n . , 11, 545-604 (1880,.
(476) Yost arid Stone, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 55, 1889-95 (1933).
( l i 7 ) Young. J . Chem. SOC.,55, 483-5.(1889).
(47s) l h i d . . 55, 4S6-521 (1889).
(470) I h i d . , 59, 621-6 (1.891).
(480) I S i d . , 59, 903-11 (1891).
t4S1) Ibid., 59, 911-36 (1891).
4Q2) Ibid., 71, 446-57 (1897).
453) Ibid.. 73, 67.5-Sl (159s).
483a) Ibitl., 77, 1145-51 (1900).
4%) Y o u I ~P~T ,O CR.o y . Irish A c o ~ 38B,
. , 65-92 (19281.
(4%) Young. S c i . Proc. R o y . D7dilin Soc.. 12, 371-432 (1910).
14%) Young, 2.p h y s i k . C h c n . , 23, 193-241 (1899).
(IS;) Young and Fortey, J . Chem. &e., 75, 673-83 (1899).
(48s) Ibid.. 77. 1126-51 119001.
~ ~- ,
( m j I W , 81; 7s3-6 (1902).
(490) Toiing and Nelson, IND.ESG. CHmr., 21. 321-2 i l 9 2 9 ,
(491) I'oung and Thomas, J . Chem. Soc., 63, 1191-262 flS931.
(492) Ibiil.. 71, 440-6 (1897).
(483) Zeleny and Smith, P h y s i k . Z.. 7, 667-71 (1906).
(494) Zincke, Ann., 152, 1-21 (1869).
tti1.c f ~ l tvitliiii
l tlic 1' re -150' C. t o f 400" C. the ('ox c1i;il.t
pIevio,isL>- referrcd t,o was used.
So t1i:it nml,iqiiity nil1 be minimized, t h e nnme recogiii /ed liy
( ' h c m i d .Ibstracts has been used. T h e arrnngement i i i tlic:
t:ililci i, :t~phabetic:d according t o the name of the ~ ~ J 1 l ~ ~ ) l i U l i t ~ .
:iiid tlie furniuln is also added so t h a t there will be n o tlouiit a- t o
the suhtniicc meant'.
Table I contains pressures (in millimeters of mercury) under 1
Litiiwpliere, and T:ible I1 contains pressures (in atmo>plieres)
over one atmosphere. All temperatures are in C. Since there
is n discontinuity in a vapor pressure curve a t t h e melting point,
t h e melting point of tlie substance, xliere knon-n, is listed in Table
I. Since the vapor pressure curve ends a t t h e critical point, Tahle
I1 li?ts the critical temperature arid pressure.
Assembling the results of many workers, as has been clone here,
1e:idu to uncertainty as to t h e accuracy of t h e d a t a . T h e tempera-
ture range is virtually from absolute zero to the highest tempera-
tures m a n has devised. The lower p a r t of t h e temperature scale
is accurate, but as higher temperatures m e reached, the uncer-
tainty gap widens. I n the opinion of the writer the figures giveu
here represent t h e best experimental d a t a possible v i t h the
graphic methods employed. Thp writer is certain t h a t , as more
wliable experimental measurements are made, a few of the figure>
given here should be revised.
NOMENCLATURE
d = decomposes p = polymerizes
1I.P. = melting point s = solid
P , = critical pressure T, = critical temperature
Tables I and 11, pages 541-546
Literature citations, pages 547-550