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PROGRAMME
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PENGENALAN SAINS MAKMAL PERUBATAN (HGS0043)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME
PUAN RASHIDAH A. RAHIM
TUTOR NAME
KESELAMATAN MAKMAL DAN TEKNOLOGI MAKMAL PERUBATAN
ASSIGNMENT TITLE

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DHASHUINY A/P ISPARAN 1012020070021 DHASHUINY

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 INTRODUCTION

1.1: Definition of clinical laboratory

Clinical laboratories are healthcare facilities providing a wide range of laboratory

procedures which aid the physicians in carrying out the diagnosis, treatment, and
management of patients. These laboratories are manned by medical technologists clinical
laboratory scientists who are trained to perform various tests to samples of biological
specimens collected from its patients. Most of the clinical laboratories are situated within
or near hospital facilities to provide access to both physicians and their patients.
Classifications of clinical laboratories indicated below reveal that these facilities can
provide quality laboratory tests that are significant for addressing medical and public
health needs. The list below should not be used as a fixed guide for classifying clinical
laboratories because of new areas continually arising in the field of laboratory medicine

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 CONTENT
No Title Page
1. The definition of clinical laboratory 1
2. The importance of clinical laboratory 3
3. The purpose of clinical laboratory test 4-5
4. The safety rules in laboratory 6-9
5. The self-defences clothing in laboratory 10 -12
6. The safety equipment in laboratory 13- 17
7. The task for medical laboratory technicians 18
8. The scope of the JTMP work 19-20
9. The sample received and the test conducted in 21-25
each of the following medical laboratories:
1. Haematology laboratory
2. Microbiological laboratory
3. Sitology laboratory
4. Serology laboratory
5. Blood bank laboratory
6. Biological laboratory
7. Urinalysis laboratory
8. Histopathology laboratory
10. 26
Definition of medical technology
11. 27-28
Definition of the goal of quality assurance and

Definition of the goal of quality control

13. 29
Conclusion

2
IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL
LABORATORY

1.2 : The importance of clinical laboratory

• The clinical lab helps to reduce health care cost

1). Timely and accurate laboratory testing leads to:

• Quicker diagnosis
• Faster treatment
• Shorter hospital stays

3
 THE PURPOSE OF CLINICAL
LABORATORY TEST

1.3 : The purpose of clinical laboratory test

A clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are complete

on clinical specimens in order to get material about the health of a patient as
relating to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

1.3 : Test can be made in clinical laboratory :

• Hematology
• Coagulation
• Biochemistry
• Serology and immunology
• Urine Analysis
• Hormonal assays

4
Usage of the lab :

• Where theory and practice come together

• To prefect or master skills

• To have an opportunity for observation

• To refine problem -solving, decision making , and critical thinking skills

• To gain organization and time management skills

• To develop cultural competence

• To become socialized in the clinical laboratory

5
 SAFETY RULES IN LABORATORY.

• Don’t eat or drink in the laboratory

• Don’t taste or sniff chemicals

6
• Don’t play around the laboratory

• Dispose of lab waste properly

7
• Know the location of safety equipment

• Know What to Do With Lab Accidents

8
• Don’t Experiment on Yourself

• Don’t leave the chemicals in the lab

9
THE SELF -DEFENSE CLOTHING IN
LAB

1.1 : LAB COATS

THE USE OF LAB COATS : To protect the body and clothing from the splash of
harmful chemicals

1.2: SAFETY GOGGLES

THE USE OF GOGGLES : To prevent eyes from being exposed to harmful chemicals
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1.3 : GLOVES

THE GLOVES :Wear gloves protect against skin absorption of chemicals, chemical
burns, thermal burns, lacerations, and cryogenic liquid exposure.

1.4 SAFETY FOOTWEAR

SAFETY FOOTWEAR: To prevent injury to glass fragments and chemical spills .

11
1.5: FACE MASK

FACE MASK : To protect against smoke, vapor, and dust that can affect the respiratory

system

12
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS IN THE
LABORATORY
1.1: EYE WASH STATION

THE USE OF EYEWASH STATION: Used to wash eyes when exposed to chemicals or
harmful substances.

1.2: FUME HOOD

THE USE OF KEBUK WASAP: To avoid inhalation of Hazardous Gases such as Chlorine,

Bromine and Nitrogen Dioxide

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1.3 : EMERGENCY SHOWER STATION

• THE USE OF EMERGENCY STATION: Used when body parts are exposed to

chemicals or harmful substances.

1.4: LAMINATE FLOW CABINET

TH USE OF LAMINAR FLOW CABINET: Provides filtered airflow in clean workspace in

laminated flow cabinets

14
1.5: BIOLOGICAL SECURITY CABINET

THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL SECURITY CABINET : Provide a closed workspace to study

materials that may or may not have been contaminated by pathogens

15
THE TASK OF MEDICAL LABORATORY
TECHNICIANS

• Receive and collect samples

• Processing the sample

• Collect and record patients data

• Make a diagnostic test

• Working with high-tech machines and equipment

16
THE SCOPE OF THE JTMP WORK

• MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST

• RESEARCH ASSISTANT

• PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES (IPTA)

17
• INSTITUTE OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION (IPTS)

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 THE SAMPLE RECEIVED AND THE TEST
CONDUCTED IN EACH LABORATORY

1.1: Chemical laboratory / biochemistry

USE: to perform experimental or investigative procedures and for the preparation of

drugs and other chemicals.
TEST: Glucose, cholesterol, electrolyte, serum protein, osmotic pressure and pH test

1.2: Hematology laboratory

USE: informs routine hematology testing, limited coagulation, and various body fluid
testing and analysis research on blood or detect abnormalities.
TEST: Full blood count (FBC) testing, peripheral blood film and (ESR).

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1.3: Lab of Blood bank

USE: To make sure that donated blood, or blood products, are safe before they are used
in blood transfusions and other medical procedures. Blood is donated safely and does
not respond to antigen antibody

Test: ABO, crossmatch and GSH

1.4: Serological laboratory

USE: Serologic tests are blood tests that look for antibodies in your blood.

TEST: Reaction of antigen antibodies Hepatitis, HIV dengue and TPA virus screening

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1.5: Microbiological laboratory

USE: purpose of this laboratory is to assist in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

TEST: Compare normal flora & pathogen and biochemical chemistry testing,
sensitivity testing and colouring.

1.6: Cytology laboratory

TEST : vaginal samples (smear method)

USE: cell abnormalities for the detection of cervical cancer.

1.7: Urinalysis Laboratory

USE : research on kidney and urinary tract infections using urine samples
make observations of physical properties and urine counts
TEST: Urine sample
21
1.8: Histopathological Laboratory

USE: involves the examination of sampled whole tissues under the microscope.
TEST: The examination of sampled whole tissues

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 DEFINITION OF MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGI

Medical technology is a broad field where innovation plays a crucial role in sustaining
health. Areas like biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, information technology, the
development of medical devices and equipment, and more have all made significant
contributions to improving the health of people all around the world. From “small”
innovations like adhesive bandages and ankle braces, to larger, more complex
technologies like MRI machines, artificial organs, and robotic prosthetic limbs,
technology has undoubtedly made an incredible impact on medicine.
In the healthcare industry, the dependence on medical technology cannot be overstated,
and as a result of the development of these brilliant innovations, healthcare practitioners
can continue to find ways to improve their practice – from better diagnosis, surgical
procedures, and improved patient care.

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 DEFINITION AND GOAL OF
QUANLITY ASSURANCE



Quality assurance can be defined as "part of quality management focused on providing
confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled." The confidence provided by quality
assurance is twofold internally to management and externally to customers, government
agencies, regulators, certifiers, and third parties. An alternate definition is "all the
planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system that can be
demonstrated to provide confidence that a product or service will fulfilled requirements
for quality."

DEFINITION OF GOAL OF QUALITY

CONTROL

Quality control can be defined as "part of quality management focused on

fulfilling quality requirements." While quality assurance relates to how a process is
performed or how a product is made, quality control is more the inspection aspect of
quality management. An alternate definition is "the operational techniques and activities
used to fulfilled requirements for quality.

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 CONCLUSION

Based on the above, I have learned about safety rules in the laboratory and the
handling method for the laboratory chemicals through the lab. Moreover, I have
improved skills and develop knowledge on the laboratory equipment while the test
that can be made in the laboratory. As a lab student I’m able to do lab experiment
with the above knowledge.

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REFERENCING
1. Internet: FUNCTION OF CLINICAL LABORATORY
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535358/
2. Internet: THE IMPORTANCE OG CLINICAL LABORATORY
https://www.slideshare.net/ErleneLoveDenia/clinical-teaching
3. Internet : THE PURPOSE OF CLINICAL LABORATORY
https://www.slideshare.net/ErleneLoveDenia/clinical-teaching
4. Internet : THE SAFETY RULES IN THE LAB
https://www.thoughtco.com/important-lab-safety-rules-608156
5. Internet : THE SELF-DEFENCE CLOTHING IN THE LABORATORY

https://ehs.okstate.edu/general-laboratory-safety-rules.html
6. Internet : THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT IN LAB
https://protect.iu.edu/environmental-health/laboratory-safety/lab-safety-
chemical-hygiene/equipment.html
7. Internet: THE DUET AND SCOPE OF THE JTMP WOK
http://coretankehidupan1.blogspot.com/2011/06/juruteknologi-makmal-
perubatan.html
8. Internet: THE TYPE OF LABORATORY AND TEST
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-tests-a-z
9.Internet: DEFINITION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
http://www.healthcarebusinesstech.com/medical-technology/
10.Internet: DEFINITION OF GOAL QUANLITY ASSURANCE
http://www.healthcarebusinesstech.com/medical-technology/

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