ESP READING FINAL TEST QUESTION

Day/Date : Monday, June 29th 2020 Time : 13.00 – 14.30

Department : Law Instructor : Rendi Azhar, S.T

LAW

Law is commonly understood as a system of rules that are created and enforced through social
or governmental institutions to regulate conduct, although its precise definition is a matter of
longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and the art of justice. State-enforced
laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the
executive through decrees and regulations, or established by judges through precedent, normally
in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including
arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The
formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and
the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and
serves as a mediator of relations between people.
Legal systems vary between countries, with their differences analysed in comparative law.
In civil law jurisdictions, a legislature or other central body codifies and consolidates the law.
In common law systems, judges make binding case law through precedent, although on occasion case
law may be overturned by a higher court or the legislature. Historically, religious law influenced
secular matters, and is still used in some religious communities. Sharia law based on Islamic principles
is used as the primary legal system in several countries, including Iran and Saudi Arabia.
Law's scope can be divided into two domains. Public law concerns government and society,
including constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law. Private law deals with legal disputes
between individuals and/or organisations in areas such as contracts, property, torts/delicts and
commercial law. This distinction is stronger in civil law countries, particularly those with a separate
system of administrative courts; by contrast, the public-private law divide is less pronounced in
common law jurisdictions.
Law provides a source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy, economic
analysis and sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness,
and justice.
A. Answer these following questions base on the text above!
1. Do people need the law? Why?
2. Explain the differences between Public Law and Private one!
3. Could Sharia Law enforced in Indonesia? Why?
4. What does the law serve and shape?
5. Who made the state enforced law?
B. Decide whether the statement True or False according to the text above!
1. All countries in the world have the same legal system.
2. Scope of law is divided into two domains.
3. Law negates a source of economic analysis and sociology.
4. Some religious communities are still using religious law today.
5. Equality, fairness, and justice are included to the important and complex issues.

C. Do match the definition with the proper word provided in the box!
1. Law deals with divorce, children custody, and property division.
2. Someone who claims something in court because he/she has the right to it.
3. Law deals with placement of a person from a country to another.
4. Common legal phrase indicating that an agreement has been consciously made, and certain
actions are now either required or prohibited.
5. Law that concerns government and society, including constitutional law, administrative law,
and criminal law.
6. A person who presides over court proceedings.
7. Law deals with legal disputes between individuals and/or organizations in areas such as
contracts, property, torts/delicts and commercial law.
8. Business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law.
9. A person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-
law, canonist.
10. A conflict or controversy; a conflict of claims or rights; an assertion of a right, claim, or demad 
on one side, met by contrary claims or allegations on the other.

 Private Law
 Lawyer
 Family Law
 Public Law
 Judge
 Claimant
 Immigrant Law
 Dispute
 Binding
 Law Firm