Page # 242 Solution Slot – 3 (Mathematics)

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

EXERCISE – I HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 B
 
Given 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 = 36 Normal vector of plane = n1 × n1
x2 + y2 + z2 = 18
Distance from origin ˆ
î ĵ k
= x 2  y 2  z2 = 18 = 3 2 =
1 2 2 ˆ
= – 2 î + 4 ĵ + 3 k
3 3 2
Sol.2 C
Equation of plane
PA2 – PB2 = 2k2
–2x + 4y – 3z = k
(x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 + (z – 5)2 – (x + 1)2
passing through (1, – 3, –2)
– (y – 3)2 – (z + 7)2 – 2k2
k = –8
8x + 2y + 24z + 9 + 2k2 = 0
– 2x + 4y – 3z = – 8
2x – 4y + 8z – 8 = 0
Sol.3 B
 +  = 90º
Sol.8 A
 = 90 – 
Let N be foot of poerpendicular = (, , )
cos  = sin 
N(, , ) O
cos2  = 1 – cos2 
cos2  + cos2  = 1 ....(1)
A (1, 2, 3)
& cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
Equation of plane willk be
cos2 = 0  = 90º
x + y + z = k
A
passing through (1, 2, 3)
Sol.4 A
k =  + 2 + 3 N
AB = (1, – 3 – , 0)
x + y + z =  + 2 + 3
CD = (3 – , 2, –2)
this plane passes through (, , ) also
AB  CD
2 +2 + 2 =  + 2 + 3
(3 – ) + 2(–3 – ) + 0 = 0
x2 + y2 + z3 – x – 2y – 3z = 0
 + 2 + 3 = 0
Sol.9 B
Sol.5 D
N (, , )
(xy + yz) = 0
3x – 2y – z = 9
x + z = 0 and y = 0
Two perpendicular plane. 2  1  3
= = =
3 2 1
Sol.6 A  = 3 + 2,  = – 2 –1,  = –  + 3
Normal vector of plane N point lies on the plane
= (2 – 3, –1 –4, 5 + 1) = (–1, –5, 6) 3(3 + 2) – 2(–2 + 1) – (– + 3) = 9
Equation of plane
–x – 5y + 6z = k 2 P(2, –1, 3)
 =
passes through (2, –3, 1) 7
–2 + 15 + 6 = k  k = 19
 20  11 19 
–x – 5y + 6z = 19 N  , , 
x + 5y – 6z +19 = 0  7 7 7 

P  P
Sol.7 A N=  P1=2N–P N
2

x + 2y + 2z = 5 n1 = (1, 2, 2)  26  15 17 
P1  , , 
 7 7 7 

3x + 3y + 2z = 8 n2 = (3, 3, 2) P' (a, b, c)

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Solution Slot – 3 (Mathematics) Page # 243

Sol.10 D
1
x 2 y 1 z2 = |(–a, b, 0) × (–a, 0, c)|
= = 2
3 4 12
Use pases through P(2, –1, 2) 1
point P =
2 a2b2  b2c2  c2a2
So P0I of line and plane is P (2, –1, 2)
(–1, –5, –10) so PQ = 13
Sol.14 B
Sol.11 A Let Point P (, , )
 1 2  3 Given that
= = =
2 3 6 ( – 12) + ( + 1)2 + ( – 1) + ( + 1)2 +
 = 2 + 1, b = 3l –2,  = –6 + 3 ( – 1)2 + ( + 1)2 = 10
(, , ) lie on the plane x + y + z= 5 22 + 22 + 22 + 6 = 0
1 P(2, –1, 3) 2 + 2 + 2 = 2  x2 + y2 + z2 = 2
 =
7
d Sol.15 A
 9  11 15 
Q , , 
(2, 3, –6) Let the Eqn of plane
7 7 7 
d = PQ = 1 Q(, , ) x y z
+ + =1
  
Sol.12 D passes through (a, b, c)
x 1 y 2 z3
= = a b c
1 2 3 + + =1
  
x 1 y 2 z3
& = = common point will be (, , )
2 2 3
so locus
Both lines poasing through same point
(1, 2, 3) that they intersect each other
a b c
at point P. + + =1
x y z
(1.2)  (2.2)  (3.(2))
Angle cos  = =0
1 49 4 4 4
Sol.16 A
 Let the equation of planes
 =
2
x y z x y z
Sol.13 A + + = 1 & a + b + c =1
a b c 1 1 1

1   perpendicular distance from orign will be

Area = | AB  AC |
2 same
y p1 = p2

B(0, b, 0)
1 1
1 1 1 = 1 1 1
   
2
a b2
c 2 a12 b12 c12
x
A(a, 0, 0)

1 1 1 1 1 1
c(0, 0, c)
+ + = + +
a2 b2 c2 a12 b12 c12
z

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Page # 244 Solution Slot – 3 (Mathematics)

Sol.17 B Sol.20 D

x 1 y 2 z3 x y z
= = = ....(1) = = =   point (, 2, 3)
3 1 2 1 2 3

x 3 y 1 z2 x 1 y 2 z3
= = =  ....(2) = = =M
1 2 3 3 1 4
Variable point on line (1) & (2)
Point (3M + 1, –M + 2, 4M + 3)
(3 + 1,  + 2, 2 + 3) & ( + 3, 2 + 1, 3 – 2)
3 + 1 =  + 3 x k y 1 z2
+ 2 = 2 + 1 = = =t
3 2 h
2 + 3 = 3 + 2 Point (3t – k, 2t + 1, ht + 2)
2+ 3 = 3 + 2 If all three lines are concurrent
2 + 3 = 3 + 2
 = 3 + 1; 2 = – + 2; 3 = 4 + 3
By solving = 1,  = 1
 = 1  = 1
Intersection point (4, 3, 5)
Equation of plane 1 1
4x + 3y + 5z = k 3t –k = 1 ; 2t +1 = 2 k = t =
2 2
passes through (4, 3, 5)  k = 50 ht + 2 = 3
4x + 3y + 5z = 50
ht = 1  h = 2

Sol.18 D
Sol.21 A
 A (2 –x, 2, 2) B (2, 2 – y, 2) C (2, 2, 2 – z)
2x – y + z = 6 n1
= (2, –1, 1)
D(1, 1, 1)
normal vector of other plane
 
AB = (x, – y, 0), AC = (x, 0, –2),
î ĵ ˆ
k
 1 1 2 
n2 = ˆ
= 2 î + 2 ĵ – 2 k AD = (x –1, –1, –1)
1 1 0
If A, B, C, D are coplanar points then

  
  [ AB AC AD ] = 0
n1 . n 2 
angle cos  =   = 0  =
| n1 || n 2 | 2 x y 0
x 0 2 1 1 1
=0  + + =1
x 1 1 1 x y z
Sol.19 A

î ĵ ˆ
k Sol.22 B
 1 3 1 ˆ
n1 = 1 2 1 = –5 î + 5 k | AC | = 2
   
| a| = |b | = | a – b | = 4 2
ˆ
ˆi ˆj k  
|a – c | = 2
 2 1 3 ˆ
n2 = = –2 î + (2 + 3a)j + (2 + a) k
a 1 1   
 b   b  c 
  a      
p (0, –5, –3) ; R(0, –1/5, –3/5) 2  2  (b  2a).(b  c) 1
   
For compaire lines cos =  =     =
b  bc b  2a . b  c 2
  a
[ PQ n1 n2 ] = 0  a = –2 2 2

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 Solution Slot – 3 (Mathematics) Page # 245

Sol.23 A Sol.28 D
A (a, b, c) B(a’, b’, c’) Direction of line = (1, 2, 2)
 normal vector of plane = (2, –1, )
Line AB = (a, b, c) +  (a’ –a, b’ – b, c’ – c)
= (a + a’, b + b’, c + c’) – (a, b, c) 222  1
It will passes through origin when sin  = =
1 4  4 4 1  3
a + a’ = b + b’ = c + c’ =0
4 = 5 + 
a b c
 = = 5
a' b' c' =
3

Sol.24 D Sol.29 C
 
 
| AC | = 2 ; | a | = | b | = | a – b | = 4 2 cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
  2cos2  = 1 – cos2  = sin2 
|a – b| = 2 2cos2  = 3 sin2  = 3 – 3 cos2 
cos2  = 3/5
  
b  b  c 
  a .   Sol.30 C
2   2 

cos  =     2x + y + 2z = 8 ....(1)
 
b  bc
a 5
2 2 2x + y + 2z = – ....(2)
2

5
=
b  2a . b  c  Distance =
8
2 =
21
=
7
b  2a b  c 4 1 4 23 2

1 Sol.31 B
put all the values cos  = x=y+a=z ....(1)
2
x + a = 2y = 2z ....(2)
we have option (B) & (C)
Sol.25 A
but ifwe look at option B
Assume P is centroid
it will satisfy the given equation
Sol.26 A Sol.32 A
Angle between two faces is equal to the
î ˆ
ĵ k
 
ˆ
Direction of line = 2 3 1 = 3 î –3 ĵ +3 k angle between the normals n 1 and n 2 .
1 3 2 
n1  normal of OAB

3 1
O.D. (x-axis) = = n 2 = normal of ABC
a a a 3
ˆ
ˆi ˆj k
  
Sol.27 D n1 = OA × OB = 1 2 1
2 1 3
1
 = cos  =
2
ˆ
=5 î – ĵ – 3 k ...(1)
1
 = cos  = ˆi ˆ
ˆj k
2   
n 2 = AB × AC = 1 1 2
 2 + m 2 + n2 = 1 2 1 1

n = 0  cos  = 0  =
2 ˆ
= î –5 ĵ – 3 k ...(2)

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 Page # 246 Solution Slot – 3 (Mathematics)

  
n1 . n 2 19  19  =c  = 3c
cos = =  = cos–1   3
  35  35 
| n 2 || n 2 | x y z x y z
+ + =1  + + =3
3a 3b 3c a b c
Sol.33 C
Sol.36 A
x 2 y 3 z4 D.R. of OP = (1, –2, –2)
= = ;
1 1 k y
P
x 1 y4 z5
= =
k 2 1
A(2, 3, 4) B (1, 4, 5) 3
D.R. (1, 1, –k) D.R. (k, 2, 1)

1 1 1
1 1 k O x
Coplanar then = =0
k 2 1
 k = 0 or k = –3 z
1  2  2
Sol.34 D D.C. of OP =  , , 
x = ay + b, z = cy+ d 3 3 3 
and x = a’y + b’, z = c’h + d’
  1  2  2
x b zd Vector OP = | OP |  , , 
=y= 3 3 3 
a c = (1, –2, –2)
x  b' z  d'
and =y= Sol.37 B
a' c' 
poerpendicular then a = (1, 5, –3)

aa’ + 1 + cc’ = 0 b = (–1, 8, 4)
 
Sol.35 C a. b
Let the equation of plane : cos  =  
| a || b |
y
Sol.38 A
Ley the equation of plane
B(0, ,0)
x y z
+ + =1
a b c

x B(0, b, 0)
A(,0,0)

C(0,0, )
z
A (a, 0, 0)
x y z
+ + =1 ....(1)
  
C(0, 0, c)

=a  = 3a
3 1
given that p =
 1 1 1
 
=b  = 3a a2 b2 c2
3

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 Solution Slot – 3 (Mathematics) Page # 247

Sol.40 D
1 1 1 1 The DC's of incident RAy arew (1, 0, 0).
or + + = ....(1)
a2 b2 c2 p2 Let the D.C's of reflectd ray be (, m, n)
Let centroid (u, v, w)

1
u= a = 4u (, m, n) M(1, –1, 1)
4

b
v= b = 4v
4

c (1, 0, 0)
w= c = 4w
4

1 1 1 1
+ + =
16u 2
16v 2
16w 2 p2
The D.R.'s of the normal to polane of
1 1 1 16 mirror is (l – 1, m, n)
+ + =
u2 2
v w2 p2
 1 m n
u–2 + v–2 + z–2 = 16p–2 = =
1 1 1
 =  + 1, m = – , n = 
Sol.39 C  2 + m 2 + n2 = 1
A (2, 3, 5) B(–1, 2, 2) C(, 5, 4) ( + 1)2 + 2 + 2 = 1
32 + 2 = 0
A(2, 3, 5)  = –2/3

1 2  2
D.C's of reflected Ray  , , 
3 3 3 

 1 2 2
or   , , 
 3 3 3

Sol.41 B
B(–1,2, 2) m C(,5,4)
ˆ
î ĵ k
 1 7   2 1 1 2
m , ,  dirn of line = 2 3 4 = –2 î + k
ˆ
 2 2 2 
D.R> of median through A : DR’ & = (–2, 0, 1)
 
 1 7 2  (n1  n2 ) × k
ˆ = (–2 î + k
ˆ) × k
ˆ = 2 ĵ
  2  3,  5
 2 2 2   distance = 2

 5 1  8 Sol.42 C
 , , 
 2 2 2 
x 2 y 1 z 1
= = =
As thje median through A is equally inclined 3 2 1
to He axis (3 +2, 2 –1, 1 – )
 D.R.'s will be and equal to k. z=0  =1
xy = c2
 5 8 (3 + 2) (2 – 1) = c2
2 1
= = 2  = 6 and  = 9 put  = 1 c2 = 5  c=± 5
k 2k k

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 Page # 248 Solution Slot – 3 (Mathematics)

Sol.43 C Sol.47 A
Direction ratio's of line = (–2, 1, 2)
Distance = x 2  y 2  z2
 2 1 2
Direction cosine's =  , , 
 3 3 3
= (2t)2  (4t)2  (4t)2
2 1 2
= 6t t = 10 cos = , cos2 = ; cos3 =
3 3 3
Distance = 60 km
cos21 + cos22 + cos23
= 2 [cos21 + cos22 + cos23] – 3
Sol.44 B
Let the point P(x, y, z) 4 1 4
=2     –3=–1
Asking minimum value of OP2 3 3 3 
 r distance of origin from plane
Sol.48 A

P P2 xa
=
y b
=
zc
Point (p, q, r)
d=  d2 = 2  m n
a2  b2  c2 a

P(p, q, r)
Sol.45 B
Since three lines are m utually
perpendicular
d
12 + m1m2 + n1n2 = 0 ; 23 + m2m3

+ n2n3 = 0
31 + m3m1 + n3n1 = 0
(a, b, c) d'c's
(, m, n)
Also 12 + m12 + n12 = 1; 22 + m22 + n22 = 1;
(1 + 2 + 3)2 + (m1 + n2 + m3)2

+ (n1 + n2 + n3)2 Let r1 = (p – a) î +(q – b) ĵ + (r – c) ĵ
= (12 + 22 + 132 + 212
 ˆ
+ 223 + 231) = 3 r2 =  î + m ĵ + n k
(1 + 2 + 3)2 + (m1 + m2 + m3)2
 
+ (n1 + n2 + m3)2 = 3 r1 . r 2
Hence direction cosines of OP are cos =  
| r1 | r 2 |
 1   2   3 m1  m2  m3 n1  n2  n3 
 , ,  
 3 3 3  also d = | r1 | sin 


Sol.46 C d2 = | r1 |2 sin2
Equation of lines : 
= | r1 |2 (1 – cos2)
x 2 y3 z 1
= =    2 
32 43 5 1
  ( r1 . r 2 ) 
= | r1 |2    
x 2 y3 z 1 z 1 | r 1 |2| r 2 |2 
= = = =
1 1 6 6
Points ( + 2, – – 3, –6 + 1)   
d2 = | r1 |2 – ( r1 . r 2 )2
Point will be on given plane
= [(P – a)2 + (q – b)2 + (r – c)2]
2( + 2) + (– – 3) + (–6 +1) = 7 – [ (p – a) + m(q – b) + n(r – c)]2
 = –1
Intersection point (1, –2, 7)

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