CHE101A: Lecture 1

Photo credit: Prof. John Dabiri (Caltech)

Welcome to 101A!

Prof. Carissa Eisler (she / her) Chris Love (they / them) Lindsey Parsons (she / her)
ceisler@ucla.edu lovec1097@g.ucla.edu lparsons@g.ucla.edu
OH M 4-5 PM, W 8:30-10 AM M 11 AM 1PM (?) Th 3 5 PM

You can also reach out to us on the CampusWire discussion boards and direct messages!

2
Zoom housekeeping

MUTE YOUR MICROPHONE KEEP YOUR VIDEO ON IF ASK QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT
UNLESS YOU ARE SPEAKING POSSIBLE OR WITH THE RAISE HAND
BUTTON UNDER
PARTICIPANTS

Pa a b
3
Learning outcomes
By the end of today s lesson you will be able to answer the following:
• What is Transport Phenomena and why is it important
• What is expected of you in this course?
• What is a fluid? What are relevant fluid properties and forces?
• What forces affect a fluid?
• How do I solve an engineering problem? (fluid statics example)

Due dates this week: Quiz 1 due 10/6 4 PM PT*

Quiz 2 due 10/8 4 PM PT
Survey 1 due 10/7 11:59 PM PT

4
Annotate: why did you pick chem-e?
At the top or bottom of your zoom window click the button for Annotate

Choose Stamp from the options and pick a shape Click on the screen to
stamp an area

After you are done annotating - click the x at the top right corner of the
annotating options
5
Annotate: why did you pick chem-e?
Place a stamp near the answer(s) you agree with:

1. Enjoyed math/physics/chemistry subjects

2. Enjoy solving problems that have real world applications

3. Know family / friends who are chemical engineers

4. Versatility, many diverse job options and fields to work in

5. $$ Money $$

6. Other
6
What is transport phenomena?

Transport phenomena is the study of the exchange of mass, energy, charge,

and momentum between systems We ll take fundamental laws from
thermodynamics and physics and apply them to systems in motion.

DIFFUSION
now
CONDUCT
MOMENTUM

7
Many engineering problems are complex combinations of
these three phenomena
catalysis reactor

momentum
t
HEAT

f MASS

8
There are many applications besides reactor design

Renewable Energy Disease Transmission / Climate Modeling Biology / Medicine

Device Design Electrofuels and Catalysis 9

These classes give you an important theoretical framework for
understanding real physical phenomena!
s p
Te
Problem: solar cells showed
Light beam induced current map of cell.

less current collection

towards edges of device due
to defects

Treated electrons like mass

transport problem to
Ga Cell Contact
determine the improvement
of chemical treatment!

𝑐′ 𝑐′ 𝑐 𝑆
𝐽 𝑞𝐷 𝐽 1
𝑥 𝐿 𝑥 𝐿 𝐿
𝑆 cosh 𝐿 sinh
𝐿 𝐿 Sheldon, Eisler, and Atwater. AEM (2012)
e
With model, demonstrated an order of magnitude decrease in surface recombination velocity
f
(aka: electron annihilation reaction) 10
Philosophy of 101A: scaffolding knowledge
Building Knowledge for Complex Concepts Building Skills to Demonstrate Learning

Ot
v Complicated geometries
and flow patterns
Evaluate / analyze / design
problems (exams and tutorials)

Cpos
COO't
Describing velocity + force f Apply equations (homework)
g
N profiles in simple flow
E Force balance in a moving
g Recall fundamental concepts g
macros fluid system (quizzes)

Force balance of a static g Ask questions, interact with G

9
fluid material (lectures)

11
Syllabus overview

C
12
How your learning will be assessed
Surveys (3%) Incentivizing feedback on course / learning

Quizzes (7%) Due 24 hours after each lecture, get multiple tries on multiple
choice questions, lowest 3 dropped
Homework (10%) Due Fridays (starting 10/16), effort-based grading, no late
homework accepted but lowest dropped
Tutorials (12%) Small group projects due throughout quarter (discuss Wednesday),
record short video explaining how to do a practice problem
Mini Exams (45%) 7 smaller, take-home exams throughout quarter on Wednesdays
(starting 10/21), post example next week
Final Exam (23%) Longer, cumulative exam finals week

13
General due date schedule
Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Recitation (rev. 1+2)
1
Quiz 1 online 4 PM PT Quiz 1 due 4 PM PT Quiz 2 online 4 PM PT Quiz 2 due 4 PM PT

2 HW 1 due

Group 1 Tutorials due Mini Exam 1 online 4 Mini Exam 1 Due Peer grading Tutorial 1
3
11:59 PT PM PT 11:59 PT due 11:59 PT)

Class generally works in 3-week cycles:

1. Lecture, recitation and quizzes
2. Homework due (covers lectures from week 1)
3. Tutorials and Mini Exams due (covers lectures from week 1)

14
Community Code of Conduct

15
Honor code
Collaboration is allowed on homework, but homework assignments must be
reflective of individual student effort

Collaboration is not allowed on exams: this includes (but is not limited to)
discussing with classmates and posting on discussion boards. We will employ
anti-plagiarism software to detect similarities in answers.

Honor code: you must acknowledge and agree to abide by the UCLA honor
code during each take-home exam.

16
Tour of CCLE and CampusWire

[screen share the desktop]

17
What are examples of fluids?

Go to https://www.menti.com/ifjh4u43ys or use QR code:

18
What co ld be a definition for a fl id ?
NOT SOLID no strict BONDING

TO SMES
FLUID FLOWS IN RESPONSE

OIL WATER AIR

Free surface

k k

(a) Solid (b) Liquid (c) Gas

Comparison Between Solids, Liquids and Gases

19
Important assumption: the continuum
Continuum: the smallest volume of interest that contains a sufficient
number of molecules to make statistical numbers meaningful

20
What are important fluid properties?

Go to https://www.menti.com/ifjh4u43ys or use QR code:

21
Compressibility
COMPRESSIBLE
p f Typ GAS

INCOMPRESSIBLE p f f Typ LIQUID

NOT AN INHERENT FLUID PROPERTY

VELOUTY INCOMPRESSIBLE

App flow
HIGH VELOCITY COMPRESSIBUE

22
Important aside: remember your units!
S T
SYMBOL
LENGTH M
l
MASS M 1cg

TIME t S

2
ACCELERATION

23
Characterizing forces on fluids: body vs. surface

Body force: acts without physical contact Surface force: requires physical contact

Jujubee: will chase Louise: will run if you

food and plants lightly tap her legs

F MCTION
Examples: Examples:
GRAVITY
Et M PRESSURE 24
Surface stresses: shear and normal

theatres motNA ein

DA 70
Daffy dd
Tij
Ly SHEIKSTRESS
i j x
T
y
xy Taz Etu

aM o DI
3 Noemdatt Gi gg
g
STRESS

TENSORS RELATE TOA vector 25

Pressure: vector or scalar?
Poll: A Scalar
B Vector

a I is cess

PRESSIE SCALAR
26
Surface tension: the boundary of two fluids
I What is the pressure inside of a water drop?
E Nlm
I Gii EE may O
e
STATIC
g Forckfuefacts TENS F press
f
I a
SP Tir G Zar
It
2
Dp
U mostly constant
3
f water 6 457 10 Nlm
ft I r 1cm r 1mm
a N 27
Contact angle: how does a fluid interact with a surface?
f L 900 WETTED d water Oo
f 90 NON WETTING Dmercury 130

O
I

Tou ai
r
se
D
WETTABILITY HOW MUCH FLUID WANTS
To interact wi SURFACE

28
Capillary tube thought experiment
Poll: a capillary tube is inserted into a fluid, which do you expect to happen?
CONTACT ANGLE
pepper SON
go

ftp.t.hndd x
TT
Moi ?
n
A 0 290 B f 900 C
29
7 step method
1. Define the problem list variables, determine what are you surface
asked to do
f
Ih
2. Draw diagram what is the control volume? what are all the
relevant forces?

3. List Assumptions how can you make this as easy for yourself L
as possible 9
he l
4. Strategize subdivide problem into steps

t Ha
5. Do it you got this!

6. Double check do units / values make sense?

7. Reflect generalize results, how can this system change?

30
Example: height in a capillary tube
A small capillary tube (radius r) is inserted into a fluid with a density . The fluid has a
surface tension of and a contact angle of θ with the tube. What is the resulting height (h)
in the capillary tube?

31
Capillary tube thought experiment
Poll: a capillary tube is inserted into a fluid, which do you expect to happen?

?
A B C
32
 i IIEtension

E.EEi r

Fsu ta r o
E
I

T
ne
Breakout rooms: reflection
Open the google link in the chat window. Working in your small breakout
rooms (~3-4 people), discuss the following questions:

• What is something you took away from today s class

• What is something you still have questions about?

Then, find your breakout room # and type in your responses (anonymous)

33
P Ig 6 Ggg Ozz

G O TENSION
co COMPRESSION