Phase 1: The Early Voyages of
Exploration & Colonization
Globalization is a process of interaction and
integration among the people, companies and
governments of different nations.
This process has effects on the environment, on
culture, on political systems, on economic
development and or human physical well-being
in societies around the world.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
 Born on October 31, 1451 in the
Republic of Genoa
 Died on May 20, 1506, Valladolid,
Spain
 He experienced to go to the sea when he
was a kid and travelled far
 He was self educated
 Knew much geography, history and
anatomy
 Married to Portuguese noblewoman
Filipa Moniz Perestrlo
 The Italian explorer Christopher
Columbus, financed by the Spanish
crown, completed four voyages across
the Atlantic Ocean that created a
European awareness of the North and
South American continents.
VASCO DA GAMA
 Born in 1460 in Sines, Portugal
 Died on December 23, 1524 in Kochi,
India
 A portuguese exploree
 Best known as the first European to sail
from Europe to India around Africa
 The Portuguese explorer Vasco DA
Gama was the first to lead a maritime
expedition to India in 1498.
HERNAN CORTES
 Born on 1485 in Medellin, Castile, Spain
 Died on December 2, 1547 in Castilleja
de la Cuesta, Castile, Spain
 Spanish conqueror
 Remembered for conquering the Aztec
empire in 1521 and claiming Mexico for
Spain
 The conquistador Hernan Cortes brought
much of Mexico under Spanish control
in the early 16th century.
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
 Born on 1480 in Sabrosa, Portugal
 Died on April 27, 1521, Mactan
 Age 12, he and his brother traveled to
Lisbon
 He was exposed to sea exploration and
spice trading
 Ferdinand Magellan completed the first
circumnavigation of the world between
1519 and 1522 in the service of King
Charles I of Spain.
FRANCIS DRAKE
 Born between 1540 and 1544 in
Devonshire, England
 January 28, 1596, Portobelo, Panama
 An English sea captain, privateer, pirate
and explorer of the Elizabethan era.
 Sir Francis Drake achieved the second
circumnavigation of the Earth in the late
16th century, and played the role of a
global buccaneer, carrying out attacks
and confiscating foreign treasures
around the world.
THESE ADVENTURERS WERE
GLOBALIZED FOR THREE REASONS:
 First, they engaged in the state-
sponsored acquisition of strategically
significant knowledge that enabled
nations such as England and Spain to
establish colonial empires across the
globe.
 Second, they carried out state-sponsored
expeditions to confiscate wealth that
could become the property of the state,
thereby anticipating future alliances
between states and private companies.
 Third, state sponsorship of global
trading monopolies was a foreshadowing
of state-sponsored national champion
global corporations of the modern era.
The monopoly of trade granted to the
East India Company by Queen Elizabeth
Today’s global economy confirms the
importance of this show piece enterprise of the
first phase of globalization. State-controlled
companies are thriving and have enormous
influence in emerging economies, such as
those of China, Brazil, and India. These state-
owned enterprises can also become monopolies
in their own right, along the lines intended once
upon a time by the imperial monarch of the 16th
century.

CRISTINE MARY P. ALIGANGA

OBTEC M-1-2
REPORTER