(43) International Publication Date
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBL
(19) World Intellectual Property
Orgai
International Bureau
Z
=
WIPO|PCT
25 July 2013 (25.07.2013)
SHED UNDER TH
p PATE!
‘T COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
ANOKA A
(10) International Publication Number
WO 2013/108222 Al
(61) International Patent Classification: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, 18, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP,
BIC 2321 (2006.01) B2IC 35/04 (2006.01) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD,
, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX. MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI
21) International Application Number: NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, R
PCTIB2013050474 RW. SCS Shr'See
@) TM, TN, TR, TT,
18 January 2013 (18.01.2013) 2M ZW.
25) Filing Language: Italia (84) Designated States anless otherwise indicated. for every
kind of regional provetion available): ARIPO (BW, G
(26) Publication Language: Pnglish GM, KE, LR. LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ,
(0) Priority Data: UG, 2M, ZW), Purasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, Tl
MI2013A000053 19 January 2012 (19.01.2012) it TM), Furopean (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK,
EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, 1S, 1, LT, LU, LV.
(1) Applicant: DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SISK, SM,
A. [ITT]; Via Nazionale, 41, 133041 Butt (FT). TR), OAPI (BE. BJ, CF, CG, Cl, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,
(72) Inventors: FRATERNALE, Paolo; Via Monteverdi, 9, Le aenaemeineae
20900 Monza (FT), NALETTO, Ennio; Via Bonsignori, Declarations under Rule 4.17;
Seen = ast applicant's emttiement to apply for and be granted a
(74) Agents: CINQUANTINE, Bruno et al: Corso di Porta patent (Rule 4.174)
an
Vittoria 9, 20122 Milano (TT),
Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
Kind of national protection available} AE, AG, AL, AM,
AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY,
BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM
DO, DZ, BC, BE, EG, BS, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT,
of inventorship (Rule 4.17(0))
Published:
with international search report (Art. 21(3))
{Continued on next page}
(4) Title: PRESS FOR DIRECT EXTRUSION OF METAL PRODUCTS
Fig. 1
(87) Abstract: A press for the direct extrusion (100) of billets comprises a shear (6) for cutting the bottom precisely along 2 plane
‘orthogonal to the extrusion axis CX) which i earied by the columns (9, 9") by means of siding guides (13 13°), so as to allow the
shear (6) to slide and to position indifferent points along the extrusion axis (X) in different steps ofthe extrusion operation to carry
‘ut the cutting operation and to position in quiescent position during which the easy replacement of the container (3) may also be
carried out
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SWO 2013/108222 A1 IMI ING HH A HLA
= before the expiration of the time limit for amending the
claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of
‘amendments (Rae #8.20h))10
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WO 2013/108222 PCT/IB2013/050474
PRESS FOR DIRECT EXTRUSION OF METAL PRODUC!
Field of the invention
‘The present invention refers to a press for the direct extrusion of metal section bars,
obtained from the extrusion of billets, provided with shear for cutting the bottom.
State of the art
Direct extrusion presses essentially comprise a main cylinder which serves the task of
providing the push or force required to deform a billet, Billets are the starting product on
which the process of extrusion is carried out, and may consist of metals or alloys, such as,
aluminium, copper, brass, steel, etc. The cross-sections thereof may differ in diameter.
It is known that the push which is to be exerted by the main cylinder in direct extrusion
presses is adapted to the type of metal to be extruded and to the diameter of the billet.
Presses currently on the market develop extrusion forces which vary between 600 and
15,000 tons, while the diameters of the billets which are extruded in such presses may fall
between a range of 152 mm (6") and 600 mm (24”).
All metals have their own minimum specific working pressure, which is to be supplied by
the press, below which extrusion becomes impossible. For example, aluminium has a
specific pressure between 50 and 80 kg/mm’, according to the force of the press and the
cross-section of the billet. The maximum extrusion speeds achievable also differ based on
the metal to be extruded: for example, aluminium may be extruded with die crossing
speeds between 0 and 30 mm/sec, copper and brass with speeds between 0 and 65 mm/sec,
steel with speeds between 0 and 400 mmisec.
Essential elements forming extrusion presses are a main cylinder which, through a pressing
stem, pressurizes the billet inside a container and then causes it to cross the hole of adie. A
shear is provided at the end of the extrusion of the billet, with the task of cutting the last
stretch of billet, called “bottom”, which remained upstream of the die because the billet
impurities are conveyed therein. Thus, the bottom remains attached to the die itself and is
removed and caused to fall by means of the action of a shear with a top-downwards cutting
movement orthogonal to the billet axis.
Documents JP8033917 and JP8010831 disclose solutions for fixing the shear to the press
in which the shear is firmly anchored to the reaction crosspiece of the press by means of a
frame arranged overhangingly above the die pack. The structure for anchoring the shear15
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with the reaction crosspiece of the press is therefore staggered by a given distance with
respect to the cutting cross-section, which, during shearing, causes a bending moment on
the anchoring structure given by the product of the cutting force multiplied by the distance
from the surface of the crosspiece to which the anchoring structure is fixed.
This bending moment, which is generated during the cutting of the bottom, is released onto
the press structure through the anchoring structure of the shear, thus compromising the
flatness of the cut. A curved-oblique cut is generated, corresponding to a tilted surface
crosswise to the longitudinal axis of the billet due to the deviation of the blade from the
ideal trajectory, which corresponds to a plane orthogonal to the billet axis, thus
progressively moving the blade edge away from the surface of the die as the blade sinks
into the body of the bottom. At the end of the cutting operation, there is material protruding
on the lower edge of the die due to the tilted cutting surface with respect to the die plane,
Accordingly, at the successive approach of the container against the die, such a residual
protruding material prevents an effective gripping between the container and the die, thus
leaving a gap through which the material partly escapes from the successive billet to be
extruded, thus causing a waste of material and the need to manage such escapes during the
activity of the press.
Another problem with the shears described in the above-mentioned documents JP8033917
and JP8010831, concerns the impediment caused by the volume of the shear during the
replacement of the container. During such an operation, the container is removed from the
pressing stem in axial direction and is then extracted from the top of the press in direction
crosswise to the axial direction. During the course of such an extraction, the shear structure
is therefore a hindrance to the movement of the container, thus forcing longer travels for
the container to be provided to have increased free space on the side of the main cylinder
and to thus allow the extraction of the container from the top.
Document US3220237 describes an extrusion press provided with a shear mounted on two
longitudinal columns of the press along which the shear may carry out a very limited
sliding amplitude, within millimeters, in order to calibrate the position of the cutting plane
of the shear knife, Sliding is only manually controlled by means of tightening a nut about a
threaded rod, an operation which is insufficient to free up the area above the plane where
contact occurs between the die and the container, thus an increased length of the columns
is to be provided to allow the extraction of the container from the press. The sliding of the10
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WO 2013/108222 PCT/IB2013/050474
shear is only possible outside the working cycle of the press, for example during
maintenance operations, while it is not possible to carry it out during the working cycle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a press equipped with a shear for the direct
extrusion of metal products which overcomes the above-mentioned problems and improves
the cutting quality of the bottom, thus generating precise and planar cutting surfaces, thus
ensuring complete cleaning of the die surface from the bottom, so as to prevent residues of
extruded material on the die.
Another object of the invention is to ensure a clean gripping surface, between die and
container, without any flashes so as to prevent discontinuity through which the billet,
which is then extruded, may escape thus causing a loss of material and the formation of
further flashes.
Another, no less important object of the invention is the one of providing an extrusion
press which is compact while ensuring easy maintenance operations.
These and other problems which will be apparent by reading the following description,
according to a first aspect of the invention, are resolved by means of a press for extrusion
of a metal product, in particular a billet, in which an extrusion axis is defined and which,
according to claim 1 comprises: S main cylinder arranged at 4 fist end of the press with
fespect fo the extrusion axis and comprising @ piston, a movable crossplece, mounted on
The piston of said main cylinder, a pressing Stem coaxial to and actuated by the main
Gylinder_piston, a container having a through hole therein coaxial to the axis and
Configured to contain the billet during an extrusion operation, a reaction crosspiecel
franged at & Second end of the press in relation to the extrusion axis, having a through
Role coaxial to the axis to allow the passage of the metal product afler the extrusion
Operation, having an extrusion die, with a hole coaxial to the axis and @ pressing Hing}
‘arranged belween the die and the reaction crosspiece and coaxial to the axis, at least thred
Tongitudinal columns parallel to the extrusion axis, which connect the main cylinder to the
Feaclion cfosspiece, configured fo Wansmit the reaction forces generated in the extrusion
‘Operation, a shear configured to cut the metal product along a cutting plane crosswise td
The extrusion axis, adapted to be arranged coplanar to the cutting plane orthogonal to thé
extrusion axis, Coupled directly to two fixing columns of the at least thres longitudinal
Solumns, witha Kinematic sliding coupling parallel to the extrusion axis, which allows the10
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shéar:to position in Gifferent axial positions aloig'the. extrusion ‘axis, chardctériZed ih that
when'the shear i8 in a position proximal {6 the reaction ‘crosspiede,“it'isinot iftersected by
ihe cutting’ plane crosswise fo the dxis (X),
Due to the features of the invention claimed, rather than being restrained to the reaction
crosspiece, the shear is mounted on the longitudinal columns and more precisely, on the
cases of the columns, in a preferred embodiment,
After the extrusion of all billets, when the bottom is cut, the shear is vertically aligned at
the surface of the die and, since the cut extends along the axis of the shear, no bending
‘moments are generated, but there is only a vertical reaction to the cut which is released
onto the columns of the press which are very rigid and do not undergo significant
deformations following the cutting operation. Thereby, a precise and rectilinear cut may be
carried out along the entire traverse, thus preventing curved-oblique cuts to be made and
therefore residual material from remaining on the contact surface between the die and the
container.
Advantageously, the structure which restrains the shear to the columns may be equipped
with sliding blocks due to which longitudinal movement can be carried out along the
columns themselves by means of suitable sliding guides and controlled for example by
means of hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or rack cylinders. Due to such a coupling mode,
the shear may be arranged in different axial positions along the columns also during the
course of extrusion.
Moreover, as the shear may be moved parallel to the axis of the columns of the press, and
as an approach space for the shear is provided close to the reaction crosspiece, the shear
can avoid being a hindrance during the operation for changing the container: indeed, it is
possible to retract it within the volume space of the die thus freeing up the space in front of
the end plane of the die, thus making a larger space available to carry out the extraction of
the container from the top since the shear is no longer a hindrance. This further allows the
columns to be shortened by a quantity equal to the thickness of the protuberance of the
shear structure with respect to the die,
‘The solution of the invention allows both movement outside of the working cycle, in which
the shear is moved to allow the extraction of the container for maintenance, and during the
working cycle, in which the shear is moved from the cutting line during the extrusion step
to make room for the container and the related crosspiece.10
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5
‘A further advantage of the invention consists in the possibility of automatically controlling
the axial sliding of the shear during the working cycle, but without excluding the
possibility of also automating the movement during maintenance.
‘Thereby, a direct extrusion press may be provided with columns, and accordingly the
entire structure, which are shorter in length with respect to known presses, thus ensuring
increased rigidity of the press and improved quality of the extrusion product.
‘According to another aspect of the invention, the problems mentioned are resolved by
means of an extrusion process carried out by the above press and in accordance with claim
8.
Due to the press of the invention, the following advantages are thus obtained:
- increased overall rigidity of the press structure, which positively affects the end quality of
the extruded product;
+ inereased productivity due to the decreased possibility of the escape of material and the
formation of flashes, which involve stopping the machine;
- decreased weights and volumes of the press structure;
- decreased manufacturing costs of the press structure,
Brief description of the figures
Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic side view of the extrusion press in accordance with the
invention;
Fig. 2 shows a sectional view on a plane orthogonal to the direction of the axis of the press
of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows a sectional view on an axial plane of the press of the invention, in a first
working position;
Fig. 4 shows a sectional view on an axial plane of the press of the invention, in a second
working position;
Fig. 5 shows a sectional view on an axial plane of the press of the invention, in a second
working position;
Fig. 6 shows a view from above of the press of the invention.
Description of preferred embodiments of the invention
The direct extrusion press of the invention, globally indicated with reference 100 defining
the extrusion axis X, comprises a main cylinder 1, a pressing stem 2 which extends the
main cylinder piston 1 and is about the same in diameter as billet 7, before the extrusion10
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operation, The pressing stem 2 serves the purpose of transmitting the extrusion pressure
generated by the main cylinder 1 onto the billet to cause it to pass inside the axial hole 3”
of container 3. The diameter of this hole 3” is substantially equal to billet 7 before
extrusion so that it does not place resistance to the passage of the billet when it is pushed
by the pressing stem 2 against die 4. Arranged at the end of the pressing stem 2 is a
pressing block 2’ which serves to seal hole 3° of the container and prevent metal leakage
from the inlet.
Container 3 serves the purpose of laterally containing billet 7 during the extrusion process,
and of totally guiding the metal flow inside die 4. Container 3 is kept heated with heating
temperatures which depend on the metal to be processed, for example for aluminium it is
kept at temperatures of about 450 °C.
Die 4 consists of a threader with a machined middle hole shaped like the cross-section of
the linear product to be obtained at the end of extrusion. The cross-section of the surface of
the shape of the middle hole of die 4 is smaller than the area of the cross-section of billet 7
before extrusion, The flow of the metal mass crosses die 4 under the pushing force exerted
by the main cylinder 1 on the rear end of billet 7 thus taking the shape of the cross-section,
wanted, and lengthening and forming bars also more than 100 m long. Due to the principle
of the conservation of mass, the end bar will have the same weight as the billet introduced
into the container less the bottom, while its length will be defined according to the area of
its end crosswise cross-section with respect to the initial one of billet 7.
The structure of the extrusion press 100 comprises a reaction crosspiece 5 on which a
pressing ring 10 is mounted coaxially to the extrusion axis, which serve the purpose of
countering the force of the main cylinder 1 exerted on the billet, thus transmitting it to the
columns 9°, 9 of the structure, and also to the columns 9" and 9" not shown in fig. 1
There is @ hole 8 in the middle of the reaction crosspiece 5 and of the pressing ring 10
which allows the escape of the section bar generated in die 4 towards the area of further
processing provided on the production line. The longitudinal columns 9°, 9”, 9" and 9 are
preferably four in number and comprise the pre-tensioned tie rods 16’, 16”, 16", 16”
closed within respective cases 17’, 17°, 17", 17" which also serve as spacers between the
two crosspieces 5 and 15 of the extrusion press 100. Head 5 is thereby rigidly connected to
the support of the main cylinder 1
In an alternative embodiment of the press of the invention, not shown in the figures, it is,10
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possible to provide only three columns for connecting the main cylinder | and the reaction
crosspiece 5, being possible for example to replace two columns resting on the floor with a
single column forming the resting base of the press.
In a first variant of the invention, the structure of shear 6 is restrained to the cases 17° and
17% of at least two of the columns, for example of the two upper columns 9° and 9", by
means of restraints which during the cutting operation, only allow it to develop a reaction
which is vertical to the cut, which is released onto the columns of the press; due to such
restraints, the shear is precisely fixed on the vertical of the cutting plane and is in perfectly
orthogonal position to axis X; thereby, the cut obtained is perfectly linear and has no
material residuals.
A second variant of the invention provides that shear 6 is restrained for example to cases
17° and 17" of the upper columns 9° the 9" by means of a kinematic coupling which
allows it to slide longitudinally along the columns 9° and 9" but keeps it stable in a middle
position between the two cases 17° and 17" in direction parallel and crosswise to axis X,
thus allowing the execution of the cutting movement along the direction of arrow Z. This is
obtained by means of the sliding blocks 18” and 18” integral to the shear structure which.
slide within two longitudinal guides 13°, 13” parallel to the extrusion axis X, integral with
a respective column 9”, 9”. Due to such a sliding kinematic connection, blade 12 of the
shear may be positioned precisely on the vertical of the cutting plane and in position
perfectly orthogonal to axis X, thus also minimizing in this case the bending moment
which acts on the structure of shear 6 during the cutting, which values are much lower than
the ones generated with shear configurations of the state of the art.
Itis also possible to use a different sliding kinematic coupling, equivalent to the one of the
sliding blocks which slide within guides, a person skilled in the art being capable of
making such a coupling according to the design loads of the shear.
A movement system is provided (not shown in the figures) for sliding shear 6 along the
guides 13, for example made by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder or through a
rack, controlled in a completely automated manner. This coupling of shear 6 allows it to be
positioned in different axial positions along the columns also during extrusion.
The operation of shear 6 on the extrusion press 100 is carried out in the following way.
During the extrusion of billet 7, the position of shear 6 is the quiescent one shown in fig. 3
Once the extrusion of billet 7 is completed, container 3 and the pressing stem 2 retract with10
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respect to die 4, ie. they move to the left with reference to the view of fig. 1 or to the right
with reference to fig. 3, thus moving along axis X. At the same time, shear 6 is caused to
slide in direction of arrow X’ until it reaches the working position, as shown in fig. 4,
vertically above the top surface of die 4 and then, with a vertical movement in the direction
of arrow Z, perfectly orthogonal to the extrusion axis X, it cuts the last stretch of billet, or
“bottom”, as shown in figure 5, thus leaving a cutting surface which is perfectly coplanar
to the top surface of die 4
Since the structure of shear 6 is fixed to the cases 17°, 17" of the columns in an area
immediately above the bottom to be cut, the cutting operation occurs without any
significant bending moments on the structure of shear 6, thus ensuring a completely planar
and precise cut which does not leave material surpluses protruding from the surface of the
die because it is perfectly flush with the top surface of die 4 and therefore it allows a
perfect contact surface of the container on the die at each billet extrusion cycle after the
bottom cut.
With particular reference to fig. 3, die 4 is restrained to the reaction crosspiece 5 so as to
leave a sufficient approach space above die 4 in axial direction to house shear 6 without it
protruding past the cutting plane and therefore without it being intersected by the cutting
plane when it is in a position proximal to the reaction crosspiece 5 which corresponds to
the quiescent position.
Due to this configuration of the press structure of the invention, the guides 13 are designed
with a limited length which simply allows shear 6 to go from the working position shown
in figure 5, when the press is in extrusion activity and shear 6 cuts the bottom, to the
quiescent position shown in figure 3, when shear 6 is in inactive position above die 4 and it
is easier to replace container 3 in this position since all the vertical volume band of shear 6
between die 4 and container 3 remains free, unlike known solutions of the state of the art.
Therefore, this allows the length of the columns 9”, 9°, 9", 9" and of the cases 17’, 17°,
17, 17° to be designed smaller with respect to other configurations of extrusion presses of
the state of the art, thus increasing the overall rigidity of the entire press structure.10
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CLAIMS
1. A press (100) for the direct extrusion of a metal product, in particular a billet, wherein
an extrusion axis (X) is defined, comprising
- a main cylinder (1) arranged at a first end of the press with respect to the extrusion axis
(X) and comprising a piston,
- amovable crosspiece (15), mounted on the main cylinder piston,
~ a pressing stem (2), coaxial to and actuated by the main cylinder piston (1),
= a container (3) having a through hole (3°) therein, coaxial to the axis (X) and configured
for containing the billet (7) during an extrusion operation,
- a reaction crosspiece (5), arranged at a second end of the press in relation to the extrusion
axis (X), having a through hole (8) coaxial to the axis (X) for allowing the passage of the
‘metal product after the extrusion operation, having an extrusion die (4), with a hole coaxial
to the axis (X) and a pressing ring (10), arranged between the die (4) and the reaction
crosspiece (5) and coaxial to the axis (X),
~ at least three longitudinal columns (9°, 9”, 9, 9") parallel to the extrusion axis (X),
which connect the main cylinder (1) to the reaction crosspiece (5), configured for
transmitting the reaction forces generated in the extrusion operation,
~ a shear (6) configured for cutting the metal product along a cutting plane crosswise to the
extrusion axis (X), adapted to be positioned coplanar to the cutting plane orthogonal to the
extrusion axis (X),
coupled directly to two columns for fixing the at least three longitudinal columns (9°, 9”,
9, 9), with a kinematic sliding coupling parallel to the extrusion axis (X), which allows
the shear to be positioned at different axial positions along the extrusion axis (X)
characterized in that when the shear (6) is in a position proximal to the reaction crosspiece
(6), itis not intersected by the cutting plane crosswise to the axis (X).
2. An extrusion press according to claim 1, wherein there are provided coupling means
defining a kinematic sliding coupling comprising linear sliding guides (13°, 13) fixed to
said two longitudinal columns and sliding blocks (18°, 18”) fixed integrally with the shear
(6) and adapted to slide within the guides (13”, 13”).
3. An extrusion press according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least three
longitudinal columns (9°, 9”, 9", 9”) each comprise a respective pre-tensioned tie rod
(16°, 16", 16, 16” ) contained within respective cases (17", 17”, 17"", 17"), which serve as10
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0
spacers between the movable crosspiece (15) and the reaction crosspiece (5).
4, An extrusion press according to claim 3, wherein the guides (13°, 13”) are fixed onto
the cases (17°, 17" of said two fixing columns.
5. An extrusion press according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said two fixing columns
are two upper columns (9°, 9°”).
6. An extrusion press according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said two fixing columns
are two lower columns (9”, 9"),
7. An extrusion process carried out by the press according to one of claims 1 to 6,
comprising the steps:
4) of pushing the metal product through the die (4) so as to take a shape of predetermined
end metal product, during which the shear (6) is in a quiescent position, distal from the die
(4) and
b) of cutting an end stretch of the metal product during which the shear (6) is in a working
position, coplanar to the cutting plane orthogonal to the axis X and proximal to the die (4).
8, An extrusion process according to claim 7, wherein during step a) the shear (6) is in the
quiescent position at an axial position along the extrusion axis (X) different and away from
the cutting planePCT/IB2013/050474
WO 2013/108222
oor/0 2013/108222
2/4
Fig. 6
Fig. 2PCT/IB2013/050474
WO 2013/108222
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Fig. 5
Fig. 4INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
Teternatonl appieation No
PCT/182013/050474
TT BaTCeS 7a BEC 36 04
ADD.
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EPO-Internal, WPI Data
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A US 3 220 237 A (GOVAN WILLIAM L)
30 November 1965 (1965-11-30)
cited in the application
colum 1, lines 41-52; figures Ib, 2
column 2, lines 1-3; figure 4
column 2, lines 24-35; figure 3
colum 2, lines 57-68
A WO 2010/060753 Al (DANIELI OFF MECC [IT];
DEPLANO STEFANO [IT]; NAGNOLI UMBERTO
[IT]; BOR) 3 June 2010 (2010-06-03)
figures 3.4.4
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Nac Phew
‘Tet a7 340-040,
Fae (ater) 2403006
Augé, Marc
Fam POTATO wan ETOINTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
Information on patent family members
WO 2010060753 AL
03-06-2010
CN 192202810 A
EP 2373438 AL
US 2011214469 Al
WO 2010060753 A1
PCT/182013/050474
tan document Pubicaton Paton! family Publieaton
‘stedin sarah report ate ‘member dale
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28-09-2011
12-10-2011
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