Strategies For Enhancement in Food Production: Solutions

Chapter 17
Strategies for Enhancement in

Food Production
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. See the given steps that are related to plant breeding :
a. Selection and testing of hybrid
b. Selection of parents
c. Germplasm collection
d. Crossing among selected parents
e. Testing and release of new cultivars
Select the correct order for these steps
(1) b  c  d  e  a (2) cbdae
(3) c  b  a  d  e (4) abcde
Sol. Answer (2)
In plant breeding programme the correct sequence of steps are :
Germplasm collection  Selection of parents  Crossing among selected parents  Selection and
testing of hybrid Testing and release of new cultivars.
2. India is mainly an agricultural country. Agriculture accounts for approximately ______ of India’s GDP.
(1) 38% (2) 33% (3) 40% (4) 42%
Sol. Answer (2)
33% of India's GDP is constituted by agriculture.
3. Agriculture sector of India, employs

(1) 50% of population (2) 70% of population (3) 30% of pupulation (4) 62% of population
Sol. Answer (4)
Agriculture sector of India employs 62% of population.
4. P-1542 variety of the plant belongs to

(1) Wheat (2) Maize (3) Brassica (4) Pea
Sol. Answer (4)
P-1542 variety is of hybrid pea.
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2 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Solutions of Assignment
5. _____ is the root of any plant breeding programme.

(1) Mutation (2) Micropropagation
(3) Genetic variability (4) Testing and commercialisation of new cultivars
Sol. Answer (3)
Genetic variability is the basis/root of any plant breeding programme.
6. Select the incorrect statement(s) (w.r.t. semi-dwarf varieties of wheat)

(1) Developed by Norman E. Borlaug
(2) Developed at International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement in Mexico
(3) These varieties were derived from IR-8
(4) Responsible for green revolution
Sol. Answer (3)
Derived from Mexican varieties of wheat.
7. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is situated at

(1) Mexico (2) Philippines (3) Taiwan (4) Canada
Sol. Answer (2)
IRRI is situated at Philippines.
8. Taichung Native I variety of rice was developed in which of the following country?
(1) Taiwan (2) Japan (3) Mexico (4) America
Sol. Answer (1)
Taichung Native I variety of rice was developed in Taiwan.
9. IR-8 variety belongs to

(1) Rice (2) Wheat (3) Maize (4) Sugarcane
Sol. Answer (1)
IR-8 variety is rice variety.
10. Semi-dwarf rice varieties were introduced in India in

(1) 1976 (2) 1966 (3) 1986 (4) 1970
Sol. Answer (2)
Semi-dwarf rice varieties were introduced in India in 1966.
11. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. Saccharum officinarum

(1) It is a tropical cane (2) It has low sugar content
(3) It had thicker stem (4) It did not grow well in north India
Sol. Answer (2)
Saccharum officinarum has high sugar content.
12. Select correct statement w.r.t. Saccharum barberi

(1) Originally grown in north India
(2) They have high sugar content
(3) They have high yield per unit area of the field
(4) Presence of thicker stem as compared to S. officinarum
Solutions of Assignment Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 3
Sol. Answer (1)
Saccharum barberi have low sugar content, low yeild/unit area of field and has thin stem, grown in North India.
13. Match the Column I with Column II

Column I Column II
(Variety) (Plant)
a. Sonalika (i) Brassica
b. Parbhani Kranti (ii) Wheat
c. Pusa Komal (iii) Bhindi
d. Pusa Gaurav (iv) Cowpea
(1) a(ii), b(iv), c(iii), d(i) (2) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
(3) a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i) (4) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
Sol. Answer (3)
Correct match is
Sonalika  Wheat
Parbhani Kranti  Bhindi
Pusa Komal  Cowpea
Pusa Gaurav  Brassica
14. In mung bean resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were introduced by
(1) Tissue culture (2) Mutation (3) Selection (4) Hybridisation
Sol. Answer (2)
In mung bean resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were introduced by mutation.
15. Select the variety developed by mutation breeding

(1) Pusa Swarnim (2) Parbhani Kranti (3) Pusa Sadabahar (4) Sharbati Sonora
Sol. Answer (4)
Sharbati Sonora  Mutation breeding
Pusa Sadabahar  Hybridisation
Parbhani Kranti  Hybridisation
Pusa Swarnim  Hybridisation
16. ________ is the process by which genetic variation are created through changes in the base sequence within
genes.
(1) Somatic hybrid (2) Micropropagation (3) Mutation (4) Polyploidy
Sol. Answer (3)
Mutation is the process by which genetic variation are created through changes in the base sequence within
genes.
17. Plant variety himgiri is resistant to

(1) White rust (2) Mosaic virus (3) Bacterial blight (4) Leaf and stripe rust
Sol. Answer (4)
Plant variety himgiri (wheat) is resistant to leaf and stripe rust and hill bunt.
18. Insect resistance in host crop may be due to

(1) Physiological but not due to morphological character
(2) Morphological, biochemical or physiological character
(3) Biochemical but not due to morphological character
(4) Morphological but not due to biochemical character
Sol. Answer (2)
Insect resistant in host crop may be due to morphological, biochemical or physiological character.
19. Resistance to jassids in cotton is releated to following character of cotton

(1) Morphological (2) Physiological
(3) Biochemical (4) Biochemical and physiological
Sol. Answer (1)
Resistance to jassids in cotton is related morphological character of cotton.
20. Maize lead to resistance to maize stem borers due to

(1) High aspartic acid and high nitrogen content (2) Low nitrogen and low sugar content
(3) Low sugar content and low aspartic acid (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (2)
Maize lead to resistant to maize stem borers due to low nitrogen and low sugar content.
21. Hairy leaves in cotton provide resistance against

(1) Bollworm (2) Sawfly (3) Jassids (4) Fungal infection
Sol. Answer (3)
Hairy leaves in cotton provide resistance against jassids.
22. Smooth leaved and nectarless cotton varieties do not attract

(1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Sawfly (4) Bollworm
Sol. Answer (4)
Smooth leaves and nectarless cotton varieties do not attract bollworm.
23. Resistance to cereal leaf beetle in wheat is due to

(1) Smooth leaved trait (2) High aspartic acid (3) Solid stem (4) Hairy leaves
Sol. Answer (4)
Resistance to cereal leaf beetle in wheat is due to hairy leaves.
24. ________ people in the world do not have adequate food to meet their daily requirements.
(1) 5 million (2) 3 billion (3) 840 million (4) 10 million
Sol. Answer (3)
840 million people in world do not have adequate food.
25. Atlas-66 is
(1) Maize variety
(2) Wheat variety with high protein content
(3) Brassica variety with resistance against aphids
(4) Cowpea variety with resistance against bacterial blight
Sol. Answer (2)
Atlas-66 is wheat variety with high protein content.
26. What is meant by single cell protein?

(1) Protein synthesised by skin cell (2) Unique protein synthesised by liver cell
(3) Protein synthesised by microorganisms (4) Unique protein synthesised by plant body
Sol. Answer (3)
The protein synthesized by micro-organism is called single cell protein.
27. Prokaryote that is considered as source of SCP is

(1) Rhizobium (2) Frankia (3) Streptococcus (4) Spirulina
Sol. Answer (4)
Spirulina is prokaryotic i.e. the source of protein (SCP).
28. Choose correct option w.r.t. tissue culture

(1) The whole plant can be regenerated from explant
(2) Only apical meristem part of plant can grow in test tube under sterile conditions
(3) It is not releated to totipotency
(4) Sterilisation is not a pre-requisite
Sol. Answer (1)
In tissue culture a plant part is taken as explant, introduced in culture medium which is then transformed into
whole plant.
29. Capacity of a plant cell to give rise to whole plant body is known as
(1) Reproduction (2) Budding (3) Totipotency (4) Regeneration
Sol. Answer (3)
Explant  Callus  Whole plant
Thsi capacity of plant cell is called totipotency.
30. Somaclones are obtained by

(1) Tissue culture (2) Plant breeding
(3) Genetic engineering (4) Irradiation
Sol. Answer (1)
Somaclones are obtained by tissue culture. These are the group of plants that are genetically identical to parent
plant.
31. Culturing meristem of banana, sugarcane and potato is primarily significant to produce
(1) Somatic hybrids (2) Virus free plants
(3) Specific meristematic tissue (4) Hybrid vigour
Sol. Answer (2)
Since meristem of plants are viral free in nature.
32. An explant is
(1) Dead plant
(2) Part of the wood
(3) Part of the plant that expresses a specific gene
(4) Part of the plant used in tissue culture
Sol. Answer (4)
An explant is a part of plant used in tissue culture technique.
33. Select correct statement (w.r.t. somaclones)

(1) Somaclones of tomato and banana have been produced on commercial scale
(2) They are genetically not identical
(3) They are produced by sexual reproduction
(4) Can be generated in field
Sol. Answer (1)
Somaclones of tomato and banana have been produced on commercial scale.
34. Select the incorrect option (w.r.t. tissue culture)

(1) Genetically identical – Somaclones
(2) Capacity to generate a whole plant – Totipotency
(3) Plant cell without cell wall – Protoplast
(4) Virus free part of plant – Flower
Sol. Answer (4)
Virus free part of plant - Meristem.
35. Somatic hybridisation is accomplished by

(1) Grafting between two varieties
(2) Fusion of two protoplast of different varieties of plants
(3) Chromosome doubling in androgenic culture
(4) Recombinant DNA technology
Sol. Answer (2)
Somatic hybridisation is accomplished by fusion of two protoplast of different varieties of plants.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. An improved variety is
(1) Always superior to the other existing varieties (2) Always inferior to the other existing varieties
(3) May be superior to the other existing varieties (4) More than one options are correct
Sol. Answer (1)
An improved variety is always superior to other existing varieties.
2. An important germplasm storing centre in India is
(1) CDRI (2) FRI (3) ICRISAT (4) NEERI
Sol. Answer (3)
International Crop Research Institute for Semi And Tropics ICRISAT (Hyderabad)
Central Drug Research Institute  CDRI (Lucknow)
Forest Research Institute FRI (Dehradun)
National Environment Engineering Research Institute  NEERI (Nagpur)
3. Germplasm can be collected from many sources, where the preferred source to develop disease resistance
is
(1) Improved variety (2) Wild relative
(3) Local variety (4) Plantlet from culture experiment
Sol. Answer (2)
Germplasm can be collected from many sources, where the preferred source to develop disease resistance
is wild relative as they have more adaptations w.r.t. environment.
4. Emasculation (removal of anthers) is required for
(1) Pure lines (2) Selective hybridisation
(3) Self pollination (4) Inbreeding
Sol. Answer (2)
Emasculation is required only when hybridisation is done for desired combination of characters and the parents
involved have bisexual flowers.
5. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. plant breeding
(1) In many crops pre-existing genetic variability is available from wild relatives of the crop
(2) Progeny plants with superior characters are self-pollinated for several generations till they reach a state
of heterozygosity
(3) Hybrid breeding have led to development of several high yielding varieties resistant to water stress
(4) Conventional method of breeding for disease resistance is that of hybridisation and selection
Sol. Answer (2)

Progeny plants with superior characters (hybrid vigour) are self-pollinated for several generations till they reach
a state of homozygosity (do not segregate).
6. Which of the following is an example of intergeneric hybridization?

(1) Triticale (2) Raphanobrassica
(3) ADT-37 (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
Intergeneric hybridization carried out between two different genera e.g., Wheat  Rye  Triticale,
Raddish  Cabbage  Raphanobrassica.
7. Gene responsible for dwarfing in wheat is

(1) dee-geo-woo-gen (2) norin-10 (3) cry gene (4) nod gene
Sol. Answer (2)
norin-10 gene for dwarfing of wheat.
dee-geo-woo-gen gene for dwarfing of rice.
cry-gene for cry-protein in Bacillus thuringiensis
nod gene for nodule formation in Rhizobium bacterium
8. Which was first Indian dwarf, amber grained variety of wheat made from sonora-64 by -rays?
(1) Sonalika (2) Sharbati Sonora (3) Kalyan Sona (4) HUW-468
Sol. Answer (2)
Since Sonora-64 was Mexican variety of wheat that was modified as Sharbati Sonora by -rays mutation.
9. The semi-dwarf wheat varieties brought from Mexico into India were
(1) Sonalika and NP-836 (2) Sharbati Sonara and Pusa Lerma
(3) Sonara-64 and Lerma Rojo-64 (4) Sonara-64 and HUW-468
Sol. Answer (3)
Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo-64.
10. Which of the following is a chemical mutagen?

(1) Ethyl methane sulphonate and X-rays (2) Sodium azide and UV rays
(3) Ethyl methane sulphonate and Sodium azide (4) X-rays, gamma rays and UV rays
Sol. Answer (3)
Chemical mutagens are Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium azide.
11. Bread wheat is

(1) Triticum turgidum (2) Secale cereale (3) T.aestivum (4) T.durum
Sol. Answer (3)
Bread wheat is Triticum aestivum.
12. Late blight of potato is caused by the fungus
(1) Fusarium udum (2) Phytophthora infestans
(3) Plasmopara viticola (4) Alternaria solani
Sol. Answer (2)
Phytophthora infestans fungus – Late blight of potato
Fusarium udum – Wilt of arhar
Plasmopara viticola – Downy mildew of grapes
Alternaria solani – Early blight of potato
13. The use of colchicine is involved in production of

(1) Somaclonal variations (2) Haploids (3) Polyploids (4) Hybrids
Sol. Answer (3)
The use of colchicine is involved to increase ploidy level and produce polyploids. (It causes of doubling of
chromosome).
14. Large numbers of new varieties have been developed through mutation breeding and it has been used commonly
in
(1) Self pollinating crops (2) Cross pollinating crops
(3) Allogamous plants (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (1)
Mutation breeding programme commonly used in self pollinating crops.
15. Which one of the following is not an improved variety of flat bean?
(1) Pusa sem 2 (2) Pusa sem 3 (3) Pusa sawani (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (3)
Pusa sem 2 & 3 varieties are improved sem varieties. While Pusa Sawani is okra (bhindi) variety.
16. Select the correct match w.r.t. crop variety and resistance to insect pests
Crop Variety Insect Pests
(1) Brassica Pusa Fruit borer

Swarnim
(2) Flat bean Pusa A-4 Jassids
(3) Okra Pusa Sawani Shoot and

Fruit borer
(4) Rapeseed mustard Pusa Sem 2 Aphids
Sol. Answer (3)

Okra (bhindi) – Pusa Sawani improved variety against shoot and fruit borer.
17. Maize is rich in

(1) Thiamine (2) Lysine (3) Tryptophan (4) Alanine
Sol. Answer (1)

Maize is rich in Thiamine.
18. Anti-nutritional neurotoxic factor called cyanoalanine is found in

(1) Brassica oleracea (2) Almond (3) Seeds of khesari (4) Kidney bean
Sol. Answer (3)
Anti-nutritional neurotoxic factor called cyanoalanine is found in seeds of khesari i.e., Lathyrus sativus.
19. Atlas 66 variety of wheat was developed for

(1) High protein content (2) Scented grains
(3) Checking grassy stunt virus (4) Vitamin C
Sol. Answer (1)
Atlas 66 variety of wheat was developed for high protein content.
20. Cereals and millets are mainly deficient in which amino acids?
(1) Sulphur containing amino acids-methionine and cysteine
(2) Lysine
(3) Tryptophan
(4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
Cereals and millets are mainly deficient to lysine and tryptophan amino acids.
21. SCP has to be processed to remove excess of

(1) Proteins (2) Nucleic acids (3) Minerals (4) Carbohydrates
Sol. Answer (2)
SCP has to be processed to remove excess of nucleic acids, toxic substances, heavy metals etc.
22. Tissue culture using axillary bud is recommended for

(1) Production of virus free plants (2) Induction of polyploidy
(3) Phytoremediation (4) Gene cloning
Sol. Answer (1)
Axillary buds and meristematic tissues are virus free plant parts.
23. The optimum pH of a typical nutrient medium for plant tissue culture is
(1) 2.5 (2) 5.7 (3) 7 (4) 7.8
Sol. Answer (2)
The optimum pH of a typical nutrient medium for plant tissue culture is 5.7
24. An embryoid is
(1) Somatic embryo developed in culture
(2) A microscopic embryo
(3) A monozygotic embryo formed by in vitro culture
(4) Haploid embryo
Sol. Answer (1)
An embryoid is somatic embryo developed in culture.
25. Embryo culture is used for
(1) Establishing suspension culture (2) Recovery of interspecific hybrids
(3) Somatic hybridisation (4) Haploid production
Sol. Answer (2)
Embryo (2n) culture is used for recovery of interspecific hybrids.
26. Protoplasts of two different cells can be made to fuse with the help of
(1) Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (2) Calcium chloride
(3) Sodium bicarbonate (4) HCl
Sol. Answer (1)
The two different cells can be made to fuse by using polyethylene glycol (PEG).
27. A technique of androgenic haploid formation was developed by
(1) Carlson et. al. (2) Guha and Maheshwari
(3) Skoog and Miller (4) Steward et. al.
Sol. Answer (2)
A technique of androgenic haploid formation was developed by Guha & Maheshwari.
28. Cybrid is a result of
(1) Fusion of cytoplasm and nuclei of the two somatic cells
(2) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cell but the nuclei remain unfused
(3) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cells occurs but the nucleus of one cell persists, and the nucleus of
other degenerates
(4) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cells take place but one part of the nucleus of one cell fuses with
the entire nucleus of second cell
Sol. Answer (3)
Cybrid =
Nucleated Enucleated Cybrid
cytoplasm cytoplasm
29. Perfect homozygous individuals are produced by
(1) Meristem culture (2) Anther culture
(3) Protoplast culture (4) Somatic hybridization
Sol. Answer (2)
Perfect hymozygous individuals are produced by anther culture e.g. Jinghua-1-(wheat), Guan-18-(rice)
30. ‘Pomato’ is an example of

(1) Parasexual hybrid (2) Intraspecific hybrid
(3) Sexual hybrid (4) Intravarietial hybrid
Sol. Answer (1)
Pomato is parasexual hybrid i.e. Intergeneric somatic hybrid. (Potato + Tomato  Pomato).
31. Consider the following statements A - D with incomplete spaces :
A. Although the plant is infected with a virus, the apical and axillary __(i)__ is free of virus.
B. Around three billion people in the world suffer from __(ii)__, __(iii)__ and __(iv)__, deficiencies or hidden
hunger.
C. Alternate sources of proteins for animal and human nutrition is __(v)__ like __(vi)__.
D. Whole plants could be generated from any part of the plant called __(vii)__ and this capacity is called
__(viii)__
Select the correct option which fills up the respective blank numbers from (i) to (viii) :
(1) (iii) Meristem ; (iv) Vitamin ; (vi) Totipotency
(2) (ii) Meristem ; (v) SCP ; (vi) Explant
(3) (i) Bud ; (ii) Micronutrient ; (viii) Explant
(4) (v) SCP ; (vii) Explant ; (viii) Totipotency
Sol. Answer (4)
(i) Bud ; (ii) Micronutrient
(iii) Protein ; (vi) Vitamins
(v) Single cell protein ; (vi) Spirullina
(vii) Micronutrients ; (vii) Totipotency.
32. Read the following statements carefully and find out the set of correct statements
a. Suspension culture requires constant stirring at the rate of 100-250 rpm.
b. Development of diseases in a plant depends on the interactions between host genotype and environment,
but not on pathogen genotype
c. Black rot of crucifers and red rot of sugarcane are diseases caused by fungi.
d. It is expected that 125 g of Methylophilus methylotrophus produces 12.5 tonnes of protein per day.
(1) b, c (2) a, d (3) b, d (4) c, d
Sol. Answer (2)
Black rot of crucifer - Bacterial disease
Red rot of sugarcane - Fungal disease
33. Somaclonal variations are
(1) Caused by gamma rays (2) Produced during sexual reproduction
(3) Produced by chemical mutagens (4) Produced during tissue culture
Sol. Answer (4)
Somaclonal variations are produced during tissue culture.
34. Find odd one w.r.t. green manures
(1) Melilotus (2) Crotalaria (3) Jatropha (4) Trifolium
Sol. Answer (3)
Green manures - Melilotus, Crotolaria, Trifolium
Jatropha is source of hydrocarbon i.e., petropalnt.
35. A government agency which keeps control on introduction of new variety of plants in India is
(1) Indian Council for Agricultural Research
(2) NSC
(3) National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
(4) ICRISAT
Sol. Answer (3)
A government agency which keeps control on introduction of new variety of plants in India is
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resouces (NBPGR).
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. A system of rotating crops with legume or grass pasture to imporve soil structure and fertility is called
[NEET-2016]
(1) Shifting agriculture (2) Ley farming
(3) Contour farming (4) Strip farming
Sol. Answer (2)
The growing of granes or legumes in rotation with grain or tilled crops as a soil conservation measure.
2. A technique of micropropagation is [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Embryo rescue (2) Somatic hybridization
(3) Somatic embryogenesis (4) Protoplast fusion
Sol. Answer (3)
Development of embryo like structure from explant through tissue culture method is called somatic
embryogenesis.
3. Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) IAA and gibberellins
(2) Sodium chloride and potassium chloride
(3) Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate
(4) IAA and kinetin
Sol. Answer (3)
Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate enhance or induce fusion of protoplasts.
4. To obtain virus-free healthy plants from a diseased one by tissue culture technique, which part/parts of the
diseased plant will be taken? [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Apical meristem only
(2) Palisade parenchyma
(3) Both apical and axillary meristems
(4) Epidermis only
Sol. Answer (3)
Apical and axillary meristems are free of virus.
5. An alga which can be employed as food for human being is [AIPMT-2014]

(1) Ulothrix (2) Chlorella (3) Spirogyra (4) Polysiphonia
Sol. Answer (2)
Chlorella is rich in proteins and are used as food supplements even by space travellers.
6. In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection (of plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for all genes
in a given crop is called [NEET-2013]
(1) Cross-hybridisation among the selected parents (2) Evaluation and selection of parents
(3) Germplasm collection (4) Selection of superior recombinants
Sol. Answer (3)
It is germplasm collection.
7. Which one of the following is a case of wrong matching ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

(1) Micropropagation-In vitro production of plants in large numbers
(2) Callus–Unorganised mass of cells produced in tissue culture
(3) Somatic hybridization - Fusion of two diverse cells
(4) Vector DNA-Site for t-RNA synthesis
Sol. Answer (4)
Vector DNA - in transgenic for desired genes cloning.
8. Which part would be most suitable for raising virus-free plants for micropropagation? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Meristem (2) Node (3) Bark (4) Vascular tissue
Sol. Answer (1)
Meristems are virus free parts of plants.
9. Green revolution in India occurred during [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]

(1) 1960 's (2) 1970's (3) 1980's (4) 1950's
Sol. Answer (1)
Green revolution in India occurred during 1960's.
10. Consider the following four statements (a-d) and select the option which includes all the correct ones only
(a) Single cell Spirulina can produce large quantities of food rich in protein, minerals, vitamins etc.
(b) Body weight-wise the micro-organism Methylophilus methylotrophus may be able to produce several
times more proteins than the cows per day
(c) Common button mushrooms are a very rich source of vitamin C.
(d) A rice variety has been developed which is very rich in calcium. [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Statements (c), (d) (2) Statements (a), (c) and (d)
(3) Statements (b), (c) and (d) (4) Statements (a), (b)
Sol. Answer (4)
Rice variety developed is rich in vitamin A.
Button mushroom is rich in vitamin B.
11. Mutations can be induced with [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Gamma radiations (2) Infra Red radiations (3) IAA (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (1)
12. 'Himgiri' developed by hybridisation and selection for disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety
of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Wheat (2) Chilli (3) Maize (4) Sugarcane
Sol. Answer (1)
Wheat
13. "Jaya" and "Ratna developed for green revolution in India are the varieties of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Bajra (2) Maize (3) Rice (4) Wheat
Sol. Answer (3)
Jaya and Ratna are rice varieties.
14. A collection of plants and seeds having diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop is called
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Genome (2) Herbarium (3) Germplasm (4) Gene library
Sol. Answer (3)
Diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop is called germplasm.
15. Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins is called [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Micropropagation (2) Somatic hybridisation (3) Biofortification (4) Biomagnification
Sol. Answer (3)
Crops with high concentration of minerals, vitamins and proteins called Biofortification.
16. Which of the following plant species you would select for the production of bioethanol?
(1) Zea mays (2) Pongamia (3) Jatropha (4) Brassica
Sol. Answer (3)
17. Somaclones are obtained by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) Plant breeding (2) Irradiation (3) Genetic engineering (4) Tissue culture
Sol. Answer (4)
18. Which one of the following is linked to the discovery of Bordeaux mixture as a popular fungicide?
(1) Black rust of wheat (2) Bacterial leaf blight of rice
(3) Downy mildew of grapes (4) Loose smut of wheat
Sol. Answer (3)
19. Consider the following four measures (a - d) that could be taken to successfully grow chick-pea in an area
where bacterial blight disease is common
(a) Spray with Bordeaux mixture.
(b) Control of the insect vector of the disease pathogen.
(c) Use of only disease-free seeds.
(d) Use of varieties resistant to the disease.
Which two of the above measures can control the disease? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) (a) and (d) (2) (b) and (c) (3) (a) and (b) (4) (c) and (d)
Sol. Answer (4)
Use of only disease free seeds and use of varieties resistant to the disease.
20. Which one of the following is being tried in India as a biofuel substitute for fossil fuels?
(1) Aegilops (2) Jatropha (3) Azadirachta (4) Musa
Sol. Answer (2)
Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae).
21. In maize, hybrid vigour is exploited by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

(1) Inducing mutations (2) Bombarding the seeds with DNA
(3) Crossing of two inbred parental lines. (4) Harvesting seeds from the most productive plants
Sol. Answer (3)
22. Crop plants grown in monoculture are [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Low in yield (2) Free from intraspecific competition
(3) Characterised by poor root system (4) Highly prone to pests
Sol. Answer (4)
Crop plants grown in monoculture are highly prone to pests.
23. In maize, hybrid vigour is exploited by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Bombarding the protoplast with DNA (2) Crossing of two inbreed parental lines
(3) Harvesting seeds from the most productive plants (4) Inducing mutations
Sol. Answer (2)
In maize hybrid vigour is exploited (making good) by crossing of two inbred parental lines.
24. Triticale, the first man-made cereal crop, has been obtained by crossing wheat with [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Rye (2) Pearl millet (3) Sugarcane (4) Barley
Sol. Answer (1)
25. In order to obtain virus-free plants through tissue culture the best method is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Protoplast culture (2) Embryo rescue (3) Anther culture (4) Meristem culture
Sol. Answer (4)
26. Three crops that contribute maximum to global food grain production are [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Wheat, rice and maize (2) Wheat, maize and sorghum
(3) Rice, maize and sorghum (4) Wheat, rice and barley
Sol. Answer (1)
Wheat, rice and maize
27. The name of Norman Borlaug is associated with [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]

(1) Green revolution (2) Yellow revolution (3) White revolution (4) Blue revolution
Sol. Answer (1)
Norman Borlaug associated with green revolution.
White revolution – Milk production
Yellow revolution – Oil production
Blue revolution – Fish production.
28. An important step in the manufacture of pulp for paper industry from the woody tissues of plants is the
(1) Preparation of pure cellulose by removing lignin
(2) Removal of oils present in the wood by treatment with suitable chemicals
(3) Removal of water from the wood by prolonged heating at approximately 50°C
(4) Treatment of wood with chemical that breakdown cellulose
Sol. Answer (1)
29. Which of the following is generally used for induced mutagenesis in crop plants? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Alpha particles (2) X-rays
(3) UV (260 nm) (4) Gamma rays (from cobalt 60)
Sol. Answer (4)
Gamma rays from cobalt 60 is used to induce mutation.
30. Which statement is correct about centre of origin of plant?

(1) More diversity in improved variety (2) Frequency of dominant gene is more
(3) Climatic conditions are more favourable (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
The centre of origin of plant having more frequency of dominant gene.
31. When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of F1 hybrid is often superior to both its
parents. This phenomenon is called
(1) Metamorphosis (2) Heterosis (3) Transformation (4) Spheing
Sol. Answer (2)
Superior trait more developed than parents called hybrid vigour/Heterosis.
32. Which of the following is the New World spice, that has become an essential part of Indian cuisine?
(1) Red pepper (2) Black pepper (3) Ginger (4) Cardamom
Sol. Answer (1)
Red pepper
33. The reason for vegetativeIy reproducing crop plants suit for maintaining hybrid vigour is that
(1) They are more resistant to diseases
(2) Once a desired hybrid produced, no chances of losing it
(3) They can be easily propagated
(4) They have a longer life span
Sol. Answer (2)
The reason for vegetatively reproducing crops plants suitable for maintaining hybrid vigour is that once a desired
hybrid produced, no chance of losing it.
34. The new varieties of plants are produced by

(1) Introduction and mutation (2) Selection and introduction
(3) Selection and hybridization (4) Mutation and selection
Sol. Answer (3)
The new varieties of plants are produced by selection and hybridization.
35. Before the European invader which vegetable was absent in India?
(1) Potato and tomato (2) Simla mirch and brinjal
(3) Maize and chichinda (4) Bitter gourd
Sol. Answer (1)
Potato and tomato.
36. Which of the following crops have been brought to India from New World?
(1) Cashewnut, potato, rubber (2) Mango, tea
(3) Tea, rubber, mango (4) Coffee
Sol. Answer (1)
Cashewnut, potato, rubber.
37. A germplasm collection is a

(1) Collection of specimens of all the species of an area in a herbarium or botanical garden
(2) Collection of modern varieties of a crop
(3) Collection of plants or seeds having diverse alleles of all genes in a crop
(4) Collection of seeds or pollen of rare and threatened species of a group or area
Sol. Answer (3)
Collection of plants or seeds having diverse alleles of all genes in a crop.
38. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species of
(1) Erwinia (2) Xanthomonas (3) Pseudomonas (4) Alternaria
Sol. Answer (2)
Bacterial leaf blight of rice – Xanthomonas
Red stipe of sugarcane – Pseudomonas rubrilineans
Early blight of potato – Alternaria solani
Fire blight of apple – Erwinia amylovora
39. Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because
(1) Economy of developing countries may suffer
(2) These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products
(3) This method is costly
(4) There is threat of entry of viruses and toxins with introduced crop
Sol. Answer (4)
Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because there is threat of viruses
and toxins with introduced crop.
40. Which one of the following plants are used as green manure in crop fields and in sandy soils ?
(1) Crotalaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum
(2) Calotropis procera and Phyllanthus niruri
(3) Saccharum munja and Lantana camara
(4) Dichanthium annulatum and Azolla nilotica
Sol. Answer (1)
Source as green manure in crop fields and in sandy soils are- Crotalaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum.
41. Nicotiana sylvestris flowers only during long days and N.tabacum flowers only during short days. If raised in
the laboratory under different photoperiods, they can be induced to flower at the same time and can be cross-
fertilized to produce self-fertile offspring. What is the best reason for considering N.sylvestris and N.tabacum
to be separate species?
(1) They cannot interbreed in nature (2) They are reproductively distinct
(3) They are physiologically distinct (4) They are morphologically distinct
Sol. Answer (1)
These are reproductively isolated and cannot interbreed naturally.
42. Which of the following statements is not true about somatic embryogenesis?
(1) A somatic embryo develops from a somatic cell
(2) The pattern of development of a somatic embryo is comparable to that of a zygotic embryo
(3) Somatic embryos can develop from microspores
(4) Somatic embryo is induced usually by an auxin such as 2, 4-D
Sol. Answer (3)
Somatic embryos can develop from meristematic cells.
43. Tissue culture technique can produce infinite number of new plants from a small parental tissue. The economic
importance of the technique is in raising
(1) Variants through picking up somaclonal variations
(2) Genetically uniform population identical to the original parent
(3) Homozygous diploid plants
(4) Development of new species
Sol. Answer (2)
Genetically uniform population identical to the original parent.
44. Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by

(1) Only gymnosperm cells (2) All plant cells
(3) All eukaryotic cells (4) Only bacterial cells
Sol. Answer (2)
Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by all plants cells.
45. In tissue culture medium, the embryoids formed from pollen grains are due to
(1) Cellular totipotency (2) Organogenesis
(3) Double fertilization (4) Test tube culture
Sol. Answer (1)
In tissue culture medium, the embryoids arise from pollen grains due to cellular totipotency.
46. The technique of obtaining large number of plantlets by tissue culture method is called
(1) Plantlet culture (2) Organ culture (3) Micropropagation (4) Macropropagation
Sol. Answer (3)
Micropropagation
47. A plant hormone used for inducing morphogenesis in plant tissue culture is
(1) Cytokinins (2) Ethylene (3) Abscisic acid (4) Gibberellins
Sol. Answer (1)
Cytokinin.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Somatic hybrids may be used for the production of useful plants.
R : Genetic manipulation can be carried out more rapidly when plant cells are in protoplast state.
Sol. Answer (1)
Somatic hybrids may used for the production of useful plants. The genetic manupulation of desired genes is
more rapidly carried out in their protoplast state.
2. A : Callus is obtained within 2-3 weeks.
R : Suspension culture grows much faster than callus culture.
Sol. Answer (2)
Plant cell/part  Undifferentiated mass i.e., callus developed within 2-3 weeks.
In suspension culture more nutrition is available.
3. A : Genetic improvement of the crop is plant breeding.

R : It creates desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation.
Sol. Answer (1)
Breeding is development of new varieties with desired characteristics that is better suited for cultivation.
4. A : The phase between 1960-1970 is often called the Green Revolution.

R : The development of several high yielding varieties of wheat and rice in 1960s increased yields per unit area.
Sol. Answer (1)
1960-1970 was the period of green revolution. In 1960 yield increased per unit area due to efforts of green
revolution.
5. A : The maize having high nitrogen, sugar and aspartic acid is resistant to pest.
R : It develops resistance to maize root borers.
Sol. Answer (4)
Maize–low nitrogen, sugar and high aspartic acid resistant to stem borer.
6. A : Shakti and Rattan are Lysine rich varieties of maize.

R : Wheat variety Atlas-66 has high protein content.
Sol. Answer (2)
Shakti and Rattan are Lysine rich varieties of maize while Atlas-66 has high protein content.
7. A : New cultivar before release is tested for at least three growing seasons.
R : Testing is performed at only one agroclimatic zone in different seasons.
Sol. Answer (3)
New cultivar after hybridisation are tested for about three growing seasons before release in different agroclimatic
zones.
8. A : Pomato, a somatic hybrid is not popular among common people.

R : This plant did not have all the desired combination of characteristics for its commercial utilization.
Sol. Answer (1)
Pomato arised (potato × tomato) does not have characteristics for its commercial level so it is not very common
among our society.
9. A : Source of SCP can be prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organism.

R : SCP is obtained from unicellular organisms as well as multicellular organisms.
Sol. Answer (2)
Single cell proteins are obtained from both prokaryotes e.g. Spirulina as well as pro-eukaryotes e.g. Chlorella,
Yeast etc. It may be unicellular or multicellular.
10. A : Hybrid is an individual resulting from a cross between two genetically unlike parents.
R : Hybrid vigour is the superiority of hybrid over either of the parents.
Sol. Answer (2)
Hybrid = Species A + Species B
Species C
Parents are genetically unrelated. If resultant is more superior than their parent called hybrid vigour/heterosis
by Shull.


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Chapter 17

Strategies for Enhancement in

3. Agriculture sector of India, employs

4. P-1542 variety of the plant belongs to

5. _____ is the root of any plant breeding programme.

6. Select the incorrect statement(s) (w.r.t. semi-dwarf varieties of wheat)

7. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is situated at

9. IR-8 variety belongs to

10. Semi-dwarf rice varieties were introduced in India in

11. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. Saccharum officinarum

12. Select correct statement w.r.t. Saccharum barberi

13. Match the Column I with Column II

15. Select the variety developed by mutation breeding

17. Plant variety himgiri is resistant to

18. Insect resistance in host crop may be due to

19. Resistance to jassids in cotton is releated to following character of cotton

20. Maize lead to resistance to maize stem borers due to

21. Hairy leaves in cotton provide resistance against

22. Smooth leaved and nectarless cotton varieties do not attract

23. Resistance to cereal leaf beetle in wheat is due to

26. What is meant by single cell protein?

27. Prokaryote that is considered as source of SCP is

28. Choose correct option w.r.t. tissue culture

30. Somaclones are obtained by

33. Select correct statement (w.r.t. somaclones)

34. Select the incorrect option (w.r.t. tissue culture)

35. Somatic hybridisation is accomplished by

Sol. Answer (1)

An improved variety is always superior to other existing varieties.

2. An important germplasm storing centre in India is

(1) CDRI (2) FRI (3) ICRISAT (4) NEERI

Sol. Answer (3)

Central Drug Research Institute  CDRI (Lucknow)

Forest Research Institute FRI (Dehradun)

National Environment Engineering Research Institute  NEERI (Nagpur)

(1) Improved variety (2) Wild relative

(3) Local variety (4) Plantlet from culture experiment

Sol. Answer (2)

4. Emasculation (removal of anthers) is required for

(1) Pure lines (2) Selective hybridisation

(3) Self pollination (4) Inbreeding

Sol. Answer (2)

5. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. plant breeding

Sol. Answer (2)

6. Which of the following is an example of intergeneric hybridization?

7. Gene responsible for dwarfing in wheat is

10. Which of the following is a chemical mutagen?

11. Bread wheat is

13. The use of colchicine is involved in production of

Crop Variety Insect Pests

(1) Brassica Pusa Fruit borer

(2) Flat bean Pusa A-4 Jassids

(3) Okra Pusa Sawani Shoot and

(4) Rapeseed mustard Pusa Sem 2 Aphids

Sol. Answer (3)

17. Maize is rich in

Sol. Answer (1)

18. Anti-nutritional neurotoxic factor called cyanoalanine is found in

19. Atlas 66 variety of wheat was developed for

21. SCP has to be processed to remove excess of

22. Tissue culture using axillary bud is recommended for

An embryoid is somatic embryo developed in culture.

25. Embryo culture is used for