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 4

Roy Xue
Sales Manager (Asia)

Quah Swee Khoon

Applications Manager
 7

Our Purpose: TM

We combine our knowledge, passion and entrepreneurial spirit to create a positive difference to the
environment and to society. We have made it our purpose to use Smart Science to Improve Lives™.

Our Commitment Our Difference

We will be the most sustainable Our people are our difference.
supplier of innovative ingredients. We Our culture and behaviours are
will create, make and deliver solutions shaped and brought to life by the
to tackle some of the biggest three guiding values of
challenges the world is facing. By ‘Responsible’ ‘Innovative’,
2030 we will be Climate, Land and and ‘Together’.
People Positive.
8
 9

38 Countries, 72 Operating sites, 4,580 employees

Western Europe
North America Operations
Operations
10 24
Employees
Employees

628 2,454
Asia Pacific
Operations
22
Latin America Employees
Operations EEMEA

9
Operations 1,077
Employees 7
Employees
314 107
 10

Cowick Hall
Atlas Point Gouda
Houston
Mianyang

Thane
Singapore

Global R&D Centre

Technical Support

Technical Support &

Regional Hub
 11

Cloud/Pour
Point

Viscometer MTM

Karl Fischer

TGA/DSC Microtap

Turbiscan PMCC
 12

Pour Point

Viscometer Rheometer

Zetasizer

Colour Salt Spray

Spectropho- Resistance
tometer Tester

Mastersizer Goniometer
 13

Neat cutting oils are important to

produce machineries and apparatuses
for diverse types of vehicles.
• Free of mineral oils
• Focus on environmental safety
and human health
• Extend machine longevity
• Eco-friendly fluids
• Faster drying with lesser
residue

Resource: Zavenir Daubert– Top 10 trends in neat cutting oils market, 2019
 15

A metalworking fluid / oil is an oil or oil-in-water emulsion used in the process of

metal removal Metal
Working
Fluid

Neat
Water Cutting
Soluble Oil

Milky
Semi-
(Mineral Synthetic
synthetic
based)
 16

• Provide lubricity – Correct coefficient of friction between the

work-piece and the tool
• Heat dissipation / Cooling – Draw heat away from the process
to prevent welding of the tool to the piece
• Physical barrier – Reduce wear during the process to improve
tool life and surface finish
• Prevent corrosion
• Remove chips and swarf from the process
 17

Variables
Metal Metal hardness
Cutting Metal type
Speed of
operation
Depth of cut/
MWF Deform
Internal/External
Ambient
temperatures
Metal Water Lubricity vs
Forming quality/scarcity Cooling
Time of operation
Open
environment?
Regulatory issues
Cost constraints
Etc.
 18

Severity of Operation Cutting Speed

HIGH LOW
Internal broaching
Pipe threading
Tapping
Surface broaching
Gear cutting
Reaming
Drilling
Milling
Turning
Sawing
Honing
Grinding
LOW HIGH
 19

• Neat oils are preferred:

• When high lubrication power is required
• For light to severe machining operations i.e. honing and broaching
processes where surface finish and tool cost are important
• For machines tools that do not tolerate water
• Neat oils are used as supplied; no dilution needed
 20

• Neat cutting oils are fluids based on

mineral oils and used as supplied, without
dilution
• They are generally a blend of base oils
and additives
• Neat cutting oils consist of:
• Base oil: Highly refined paraffinic mineral oils,
hydro-crack oils, PAO or ester (Group V)
• Additives: Enhance product performances like
cutting performance, corrosion protection, oil
service life, foam characteristic, etc.
 21

• Straight neat oils:

• Viscosity is only variance
• Only used for light duty machining operations
• Compounded neat oils:
• Blend of mineral oils and fatty additives to improve
lubrication and wetting properties
• Suitable for medium machining operations
• Extreme pressure oils:
• Mineral oils with mild and / or high dosages of EP
additives
• Can be used for medium to severe operations
• Fatty additives are always included
 22

• Due to the high content of saturated fatty

acids, the new Ester Products are much more
stable against hydrolysis and oxidation /
ageing
• Esters are compatible with most standard seal
and paint materials used in machine tools
• The product range consists of high EP grades
as well as of mild additivated copper
compatible ones
• Esters have a higher flash point – lower fire
hazard in machining operations
 23

Low Viscosity Oil High Viscosity Oil

1. Thinner 1. Thicker (large
2. Wet and molecules)
Penetrate metal 2. Better
better Lubrication
3. Cool quicker 3. Do not flow or
4. Help increase the cool as well as
“bite” of the low viscosity oil
cutting tools 4. Greater ability to
5. Generally have maintain
lower Flash Point Hydrodynamic
lubrication
 24

• Antioxidants help to increase the lifespan of oil since it is

constantly exposed to high temperatures
• Amine-type antioxidants are usually used due to better high
temperature stability
 25

• Lubricity improvers help to reduce friction

between the tool and workpiece, thereby,
increasing tool life
• Usually an amphiphilic molecule with
polar head and hydrocarbon tail
• Polar head will be adsorbed onto metal
surface, forming a temporary barrier
• Useful for moderate loads and
temperatures
 26

• EP additives help to improve tool life

by decreasing metal-metal friction
and wear
• Usually has activation temperatures:
May not see effects at lower
temperatures
• Reacts chemically with metal
surfaces to form a protective layer
that lowers friction and wear
• Examples include active and inactive
S, phosphates and Cl paraffins
 27

• Different EP additives have different activation temperatures

• EP additives must be selected based on the severity of machine operation
• EP additives can be used synergistically to accommodate a wide range of loads and
temperatures
 29

• Synthetic Lubricant • Emulsifiers (non-ionics) • EP/AW Additives

Base Fluids • Alcohol ethoxylates • Phosphate esters
• EO/PO block copolymers
•Esters
• Alcohol EO/PO block
•Polyalkylene glycols (water copolymers • Demulsifiers / Dehazers
soluble and water insoluble) • Spans • Modified polyol alkoxylates
•Blown oils • Tweens • Polyimine alkoxylates
•Self-emulsifying esters • Sorbitol ethoxylates • Polyol alkoxylates
• Castor oil ethoxylates • Resin Alkoxylate
• Lubricity Additives / • Polymerics
Thickeners
•High viscosity esters • Corrosion Inhibitors /
•High viscosity polyalkylene Rust Preventatives
glycols • Fatty acids, including dimer
acids
• Friction Modifiers • Fatty esters
•Partial esters • Amine borates
• Sarcosinates
•Amides
• Imadozolines
•Polymerics • Proprietary
30
 31

• Base oil
• Croda does not make mineral oils. Typical mineral oil viscosities
employed are 4 – 46cSt at 40C.
• Viscosities of less than 18cSt at 40C are more prone to misting and are
more hazardous to health.
• Simple Ester
• Oleate esters are most used. This is a very competitive market. Croda
promotes, amongst others:
• TMP Trioleate: Priolube 1427 (Gouda, Atlas Point), 2065 (Gouda, Atlas Point),
2101 (Singapore, Thane, Sipo)
• TMP Tricocoate: Priolube 1808 (Gouda)
• 2-ethyl hexyl oleate: Priolube 1415 (Gouda)
 32

• Esters are much better boundary

lubricants than mineral oils
• Lubricity increases with viscosity
• Esters can also be used as lubricity
additives to improve the lubricity of
mineral oil-based formulations
• Lubricity increases with viscosity
• High viscosity complex esters give improved
performance
 33

• Complex ester
• Complex esters such as Priolube
3986/Priolube 3997 give
improved lubricity over simple
esters. There are competitors for
these products such as
Ketjenlube 23000 and Lubrizol’s
GY range.
• Lubricity additives
• Perfad 8400 gives superior
performance above and beyond
complex esters. It is a polymer,
not a complex ester and will be
shown in more detail later.
 34

Crodamol BS 6.3 2.3 220 20 21 180 30 0.85 0.5 172 0.1

Crodamol 14 3.4 120 -6 -12 240 50 0.94 0.5 345 0.05
GTCC

Crodamol OC 5.4 1.9 - -24 -21 170 20 0.86 5 174 0.1

Priolube 1415 8.5 2.7 159 -27 -24 220 4.0-0.7*** 0.87 68 143 0.2

Priolube 1427 48 9.5 187 -39 -15 300 5.0-1.0** 0.90 84 182 1

Priolube 1428 22 5.0 160 -15 <0 250 10.0- 0.90 88 188 2
2.0**

Priolube 1435 41 9.0 195 -15 -3 290 5.0-1.5** 0.92 89 193 1.5

Priolube 1458 10 2.9 186 5 <10 200 2.0-0.5** 0.86 1 148 0.2
Priolube 1800 28 5.9 163 -6 -13 280 1* 0.93 5 268 0.1

Priolube 1968 100 13 127 5 12 300 4* 0.92 45 180 2

 35

• A new high-performance lubricity additive for neat metal working

fluids
• Perfad 8400 outperforms conventional esters used as additives
in neat metalworking fluids
• Perfad 8400 can super-boost the lubrication performance of
ester based neat metalworking fluids
• Perfad 8400 demonstrates outstanding lubrication properties
both alone and in combination with conventional S and P
containing EP / AW additives
• Perfad 8400 is based solely on C, H and O
 36

16 – 23 % torque reduction using

Perfad 8400

- 16 % - 23 %
 37

Low wear and synergistic effect with

Crodafos O4A
 38

• We have seen that Perfad 8400 can act synergistically with

Crodafos O4A in many of the bench tests
• The mechanism is not yet clear but it is feasible that Perfad
8400 is providing a protective film, either though a physical film
layer or it is reacting with the phosphate ester to form a complex
film on the metal interfaces
• Similar synergistic effects can be observed with sulphur
containing compounds
 39

30% torque reduction using Perfad 8400!

-31 %
-28 %
 40

21-29% torque reduction using Perfad 8400!

-21 % -29 %
 41

• Extended tool-life
• Reduced cost of tooling
• Less down-time to replace tools
• Reduced energy consumption due to lower torque
• Purer cuts
• Better surface finish
• Improved dimensional accuracy
• Few rejected parts
• Ability to machine more difficult alloys, with or without the use of
reactive extreme pressure or anti-wear additives
 42

• Anti-wear / Extreme Pressure Additives

• Croda do not offer EP additives like Sulfurised additives or Chlorinated
paraffins (CPs). However, Croda’s Phosphate Esters such as Crodafos
O3A and O4A give good antiwear / EP performance.
• Later, we will see how Perfad 8400 + Sulfurised additives perform as
well as CPs.
• Anti-corrosion
• Not as critical in neat compared to water containing. Crodasinic O
(sarcosinate) and Crodazoline O (Imidazoline) are promoted as single
additives and work well in oil based systems.
 43

4-ball mean wear Falex load Falex Coefficient

scar (mm) to fail of friction
Crodafos O3A 0.464 1170 0.059
Crodafos O10A 0.452 2100 0.048
Crodafos T5A 0.562 1825 0.075
Crodafos OA4 0.563 1970 0.054

• The formulator will seek to blend 2 or more products

• Broad range of phosphate esters to help strike a balance
between under and over lubrication
 44

Crodasinic O Liquid 0.96 160 Oil*

Crodazoline O Liquid 0.92 - Oil

• Not as critical in neat cutting oil compared to water soluble MWF

 45

• Synthetic Lubricant • Emulsifiers (non-ionics) • EP/AW Additives

Base Fluids • Alcohol ethoxylates • Phosphate esters
• EO/PO block copolymers
•Esters
• Alcohol EO/PO block
•Polyalkylene glycols (water copolymers • Demulsifiers / Dehazers
soluble and water insoluble) • Spans • Modified polyol alkoxylates
•Blown oils • Tweens • Polyimine alkoxylates
•Self-emulsifying esters • Sorbitol ethoxylates • Polyol alkoxylates
• Castor oil ethoxylates • Resin Alkoxylate
• Lubricity Additives / • Polymerics
Thickeners
•High viscosity esters • Corrosion Inhibitors /
•High viscosity polyalkylene Rust Preventatives
glycols • Fatty acids, including dimer
acids
• Friction Modifiers • Fatty esters
•Partial esters • Amine borates
• Sarcosinates
•Amides
• Imadozolines
•Polymerics • Proprietary
Contact us:
EnergyTech.Asia@croda.com

https://www.crodalubricants.com/en-gb

https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/croda-lubricants/

@CrodaPlc