CHAPTER 4 – AGRICULTURE

Census 2011
Agriculture and 54.6% of the
allied activities population
17% of the GDP

Government
Efforts
sustainable
development of
Agriculture
SOIL HEALTH CARD SCHEME
Ministry of Agriculture
and Farmer’s Welfare

• Protect the soil

Purpose
• Reckless use of fertilizers and pesticides

Every farmer • Soil Health Card

 Soil testing To be set up by
the state
Support by
central
laboratories governments government

Unscientific Balance of
nutrients
use of getting
fertilizers disturbed

Primary Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K)

nutrients
Secondary Nutrients
Sulfur

Magnesium
Micronutrients
Calcium

Iron, Boron, Chlorine, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Nickel,

Carbon Molybdenum

Hydrogen
 Soil Heath Card

Application (Mobile)

Soil samples
Registered on website Results uploaded online
PM FASAL BIMA YOJANA
Crop Who will
insurance pay the
scheme premium ?
Farmers

Government
What is the
Who will pay Which
share of
the remaining ? government ?
farmers?

Rabi Crops – 1.5%

Equally divided
between the
Kharif Crops – 2% Government
Central and the
State Government
Horticulture and
other commercial
crops – 5%
Is this scheme compulsory for farmers?

• There are 2 categories of Farmers

• Those who are taking formal credit
• Those who are not taking formal credit

For those taking formal credit

• For notified crops

• In notified areas
• Yes, it is compulsory

For those not taking any loans

• Not compulsory
Greater use of
Why ?
Smartphones
Purpose of this scheme
Remote sensing To assess the data
technology Analyze it quickly Reduce the burden
Pay the claims to the upon the farmer in
farmers post calamity period
OLDER CROP INSURANCE
SCHEMES
 National
Agriculture
Insurance Scheme

National Crop • Modified National Agriculture Insurance

Scheme
Insurance • Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme
Programme • Coconut and Palm Insurance Scheme

• Unified Package Insurance Scheme

Pradhan Mantri • Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance
Scheme
Fasal Bima Yojana
Major Difference between old and new
programme
Old – limit on subsidy
• 75%
• Government wont pay more than 75% of the premium

Latest
• No limit
• Be it 80% or 90%
 What is WBCIS ?
• Weather Based Crop
Insurance Scheme

So, we can get the claim only if

there is a deviation in the • Yes
weather based phenomenon?

Standard weather data • Notified

If there is any deviation

• Claims would be
settled
PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI
SINCHAYI YOJANA
Objective Funding
Increase the 75:25 (Center :
area under State) 
irrigation Normal States

90:10  Hilly
Promote water areas and
conservation North-Eastern
states

Rainwater
harvesting

More Crop per

Drop
3 Ministries Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare
involved

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and

Ganga Rejuvenation
Ministry of Rural Development

Ministry of Nodal Ministry

Water
Resources,
River
Development
and Ganga
Rejuvenation
 Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme
 On Farm Water Management
 Integrated Watershed Management
Programme

 Above 3 programme
 Merged under Krishi Sinchayi Yojana
 Every Have their own
irrigation plan
state
Har Khet Component
under Krishi
Creation of new
water resources
ko Pani Sinchayi Yojana

Jal PM Krishi
MNREGA
Aims at
promoting Rain
Sinchayi Yojana Water
Sanchay Harvesting
PARAMPARAGAT KRISHI VIKAS
YOJANA
 Also known as
National Mission for
Sustainable
Objective Agriculture
• Promote organic farming
• Use organic fertilizers
Ministry of • Reduce dependence
Agriculture and upon chemical fertilizers
Farmer’s Welfare • Optimally utilize locally
available resources
e-NAM
Electronic-
National
Agricultural
Market

Integration
What is it ?
of e-mandis

There are They would This would

Meaning ? mandis in create their be known as
every state online portal e-mandi
Then ?
Farmers
would go
What is the benefit?
to mandi

A trader in
All the e-mandis
Traders from Mizoram can buy
Upload DP of different states
across the country the crops of
of their would be
can quote prices farmer of Tamil
crops on connected
Nadu
e-mandi
Farmers
Who will fund e-NAM?
Get a better price for their
produce Agri-Tech Infra Fund
This would instill competition It comes under Small Farmers
in the marker Agribusiness Consortium
Farmers would not be forced
to sell their produce in the
local mandi
KISAN CREDIT CARD (KCC)
 A credit card issued by
Scheduled
Cooperative banks Regional rural banks
commercial banks

Why ?
So that farmers can At a lower rate of Crux – Quick, timely
get formal credit interest and affordable credit
 Benefit
• RBI + NABARD
• Affordable credit to
farmer
• Reduction in informal
and costly credit
• No debt trap
Who launched
it ?
 Connecting the dots
 Those taking credit
 Loan dependent
 Compulsory – PM Fasal Bima Yojana
MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE (MSP)
 • Commission on Agricultural
CACP Costs and Prices

• A body that recommends

What is CACP ? MSP for crop

• Cabinet Committee on
To whom ? Economic Affairs

• 23
How many Crops?
 Cereals
 Wheat, Rice, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Ragi and Barley
 Pulses
 Gram, Tur, Moong, Urad, Lentil
 Oilseeds
 Groundnut, Sunflower seed, soyabean, rapeseed, mustard,
safflower, nigerseed, seasmum
 Copra (Dried Coconut)
 Cotton
 Raw Jute
 Sugarcane
 Crux
 5 pulses
 7 cereals
 7 oilseeds
 Raw Jute
 Cotton
 Sugarcane
 COPRA
 CACP • Kharif crops
• Rabi crops
submits 5 • Sugarcane
reports every • COPRA
year • Raw Jute

Cotton • Kharif crop

included
 PM Fasal Price Insurance
After the crop
Bima Yojana is destroyed

When the price Income

MSP Price insurance crashes due to security to the
any reason farmer

When is Before Kharif

MSP and Rabi
sowing
announced ?
Twin objective of What is
MSP procurement price ?
Earlier
Protect the farmers • Before sowing – MSP
against price crash • After harvest – Procurement
price (usually higher than MSP)

Now
Procure food grains for • Only MSP
PDS • Procurement price = MSP
What is issue price ? What is subsidy ?

Price at which food grains are

MSP – Issue Price
issued to the general public

Entire subsidy burden is handled

PDS
by the Central Government
WHICH FACTORS DETERMINE
MSP?
 • Water, electricity, seeds, fertilizers,
Cost of Inputs machinery, warehouse

Demand-Supply

Price trends – domestic

and international

Inter-crop parity prices

Impact of MSP on
consumers
NATIONAL POLICY FOR
FARMERS,2007
BOL BACHCHAN
 Better quality seeds
 Disease-free planting material
 Easy and cheap credit
 Effective implementation of MSP regime
 Use of Information, Communication and
Technology (ICT)
 Market Infrastructure
 Non-farm employment for farm families
 Women support services – training, health
and nutrition
 Rural energy
INDIAN COUNCIL OF
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(ICAR)
Ministry of Agriculture
and Farmer’s Welfare

Headquarters • New Delhi

• 1929
Established • On the recommendation of Royal
Commission on Agriculture

Registered Society • Societies Registration Act, 1860

Objective Played a vital role
• Promote Agriculture • Green revolution
research and education • Increase in food production
• Universities and
Laboratories
• Not only agriculture
• Fisheries
• Horticulture
• Animal husbandry
 International In line with
2016 year of UN
Pulses declaration

Government
Year of
of India is 2018
millets
trying
CLIMATE CHANGE AND
AGRICULTURE
DSSAT Simulation software
• Decision Support System • Simulates the conditions
for Agrotechnology • Rise in greenhouse gases
Transfer • Rise in temperature

Can it simulate the

conditions for all the
crops?
• 40 crops
Crux
Prediction of DSSAT
DSSAT – Function of Soil and
Climate The yield of Rice and other
Predict the yield crops would reduce in the
coming time
Why ?
• Changes in soil and climate
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
That can be
The amount trapped by a It is a RELATIVE
of heat particular NUMBER
greenhouse gas

Ye kya hota It compares the

heat trapped by
With the heat
trapped by
hai ? a gas Carbon dioxide

Mass should be
Condition same
 Mass of Methane – 1 Kg
 Mass of CO2 – 1 Kg
 Heat Trapped by Methane – 10 Units
 Heat Trapped by CO2 – 20 Units
 Global Warming Potential of Methane
 10/20 = 0.5 = 50%
EMISSION INTENSITY
 Emission Intensity
 Amount of greenhouse gas emitted
 For per unit energy generated
Tillage and Residue
treatment
• Stubble burning and other
procedures

Consequence
• Emission Intensity increases
• Global Warming Potential
also increases
LIVESTOCK
 Of the total
India agricultural
productivity

• Largest producer of milk • 29% from livestock

in the world • Milk
• Ghee
• Butter
• Meat
• Wool
 Egg • 66 eggs per
productivity person per year

Wool • Shrinking
productivity
• Second largest
India producer of fish
in the world
National Livestock Mission

• Under Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare

Target Animals

• Goat
• Sheep
• Poultry
• Pig

Launched in 2014-15
 They contribute more
than 1/4th to agricultural
• Improve livestock productivity
productivity
• Target of the
Government – Double
farmer’s income by 2022
• Livestock – additional
income

What is the purpose ?

 Components of the Mission
Feed and fodder (so
Risk mitigation (Any Skill training (mainly to
that healthy livestock
disease or epidemic) women)
may be produced)

Benefits of the programme

Nutritional security
• Milk, ghee, curd, eggs, chicken, meet Income security
 Under NLM • 4 sub-missions are there
Sub Mission on Livestock
Development

Sub Mission on Pig Development in

the North East Region

Sub Mission on Fodder and Feed

Development

Sub Mission on Skill Development,

Technology Transfer and Extension
 • Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s
Livestock Census
Welfare

First livestock census • 1919-20

So this also takes place • No

every 10 years ? • Every 5 years

When did the last

livestock census take • 2012
place?
Who conducts Disaggregated
it ? survey
 Comparison of 2012
20th Livestock Census Latest data available
and 2007 Census data

2017 2012 In 2012

Livestock population
Underway
has declined

Data being compiled 3.33%

FISHERIES
 Inland fish
India
production
More than the marine fish
production

2nd largest fish producing

Example – ponds, lakes, rivers
nation in the world

Inland fisheries dominating

over the traditional marine
fishing activities
GOVERNMENT SCHEMES
(AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED
ACTIVITIES)
PANDIT DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAY
UNNAT KRISHI SHIKSHA SCHEME
 Purpose
 Promote agricultural education
 How ?
 Open up 100 centers for agro-education
 Colleges and Universities
E-KRISHI SAMVAD

Subject
Farmers and people experts
Online/SMS based involved in allied would help
activities the farming
community

• Send SMS
Helpline
• Upload
service pictures
E-PASHUHAAT PORTAL
National Mission on Bovine Productivity

Purpose

• Farmers and breeders can sell and buy the breeding stock
• Portal would have information about different types of semen,
embryo, germplasm
• It would help in cross breeding
• Promotion of high quality bovine animals
• Disease free
PASHU SANJIVANI
National Mission on
Bovine Productivity
88 Million milk • Polyurethane Tag
• 12 digit Unique Identification
producing animals Number (UID)

• Improve vaccination coverage

Purpose of the milk producing animals
• Milk productivity
E-Pashuhaat Pashu Sanjivani
• National Mission on Bovine • National Mission on Bovine
Productivity Productivity
• Aims to promote high merit • Aims to reduce disease incidence
breeding (among milk producing animals)
PROJECT CHAMAN

Increase the

Purpose productivity of
Horticulture
Crops

Specific areas Specific crops

How ? would be
identified in the
that can be
grown would be
states identified
 • Remote sensing
Technology • Satellite imaging

• Weather
• Soil
Data regarding • Rainfall and water availability would be taken into
consideration

Once the horticulture

productivity • Cold chains and other infrastructure would be developed
increases
 ZERO HUNGER PROGRAMME

Purpose • To eliminate hunger from India

Sustainable • End hunger by 2030

Development Goals

• To promote nutrition and food security

Provide interventions
• Example – setting up of genetic gardens with fortified
in farming plants
 Agencies involved

Indian Council of MS Swaminathan Biotechnology

Indian Council of
Agricultural Research Industry Research
Medical Research
Research Foundation Assistance Council
 Districts launched
 Korput (Odisha)
 Gorakhpur (UP)
 Thane (Maharashtra)
BUDGET 2018-19
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL
ECONOMY
OBJECTIVE
 Double farmer’s income by 2022
 75th year of independence
 HOW

More
Reduced Better price
produce from
Input Cost for harvest
same land
HARVEST PRICE
 Linked to input cost
 Minimum Support Price
 1.5 times of input cost
 Example
 Input cost = Rs. 100
 Minimum Support Price at least Rs. 150
GOVERNMENT’S STRATEGY
1. Procure harvest directly at MSP
2. Give the difference between MSP and
Market Price
 For those who are not able to avail direct
procurement
 MSP – Rs 100
 Market Price – Rs 80
 Rs. 20
 Transferred to the farmer
NITI AAYOG
 It would create a mechanism to monitor the
prices that farmers are getting for their
produce !!
 One more committee 
ANALYSIS
Farm income going • Good
up

Food price rise • Inflationary pressure in the economy

MSP has been • Still no method to monitor the procurement method

increased • NITI Aayog needs to work fast

No mention • Which costs would be used to calculate MSP

FURTHER MEASURES
 Institutional Mechanism
 Predict future prices
 Predict future demand
 Export Import policy
 Warehouse depository system
 AGRI-MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE
FUND
Better
Rs. 2000 Fund Why ? How ? price for
produce !

To improve market
By connecting
infrastructure in the
Mandis with e-NAM
Agricultural sector
 Rural Haats would be upgraded to GRAMS
 Grameen Agricultural Markets
 Physical infrastructure
 Digital connectivity
 GROUND WATER IRRIGATION
SCHEME
 Under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee
Yojana
 96 districts with less than 30% irrigated land
 2,600 Crore budgetary allocation
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT
 India has large number of such endemic
species
 Cottage industries
 Manufacturing perfumes and oils
 To support cluster based cultivation and
production
 Rs. 200 crore
AGRO-EXPORTS
 Current exports - $30 billion
 Potential - $100 billion
 To promote exports
 To raise farmer income
 Liberal policy for agro-export
KISAN CREDIT CARD
Extended (by
Earlier it was Budget 2018-19)
limited only to
farmers • Dairy Farming
• Fisheries

Ease of availability
of credit Boost to allied
• Formalization activities
2 FUNDS…..
 Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure
Development Fund
 Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Fund
 Total Corpus
 Rs. 10,000 crore
INSTITUTIONAL FARM CREDIT

2017-18
• Rs. 10 lakh crore 2018-19
agro-credit
• Rs. 11 Lakh crore
NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION

Bamboo is a 67% of
‘Grass’ bamboo in Rs. 1290
• Earlier classified Commercial India Crore for
as tree exploitation • North-East National
• Now Indian of bamboo Bamboo
Forests Act has
been amended
Mission
STUBBLE BURNING
To control pollution
• Haryana in Delhi NCT region
• Punjab
• Subsidized
• Uttar Pradesh machines
• In-Situ management
of agricultural waste
Agricultural wastes
are burnt
FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR
Budgetary
allocation
doubled

2017-18
Rs. 715 Crore

2018-19
Rs. 1400 Crore

Agro-processing
financial
They would be set up (Just like dedicated
institutions infra/housing financing companies)
FLAGSHIP SCHEME
 Pradhan Mantri Krishi SampadaYojana
 To enhance investment in food processing
 Reduce wastage
 Promote employment
 Food exports
 Food security
 Testing facilities
 42 Mega Food Parks
OPERATION GREENS
 To control price and production
 Onion
 Tomatoes
 Potatoes
 3 most consumed vegetables
 Rs. 500 Crore (Not important, just for
reference)
 PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK
YOJANA

Rural road connectivity All eligible household

• All weather roads connected to all weather roads
• March 2019
SOLAR ENERGY
Farmers are
shifting to solar
water pumps

Self
Solar panel on
generation
fields
of electricity

Additional
Surplus Sell to
income to
electricity DISCOMS
farmers
MAINS ANSWER WRITING
 Why these steps have been taken ?
 Why so much of focus on Agriculture and its
allied industries ?
 Why so much investment in Food Processing
?
 Bumper agricultural
production in 2017-18
• Both kharif and rabi

Next season So ?
• Less sowing • Farmers didn’t get a good
price
• Low income
• Low farm wages