Introduction

Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use
pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones. Organic production is a holistic
system designed to optimize the productivity and fitness of diverse communities within the agro ecosystem, including
soil org organisms. plants, live stock of and people. The principal goal of organic production is to develop enterprises
that are Sustainable and harmonious with the environment.

The general principles of organic production, from the canadian orga nic Standards (2006), include the following:

Protect the environment, minimize soil degradation and exosion, decrease pollution, optimize biological producti vity
and promote a sound state of health

maintain long-team soil fertility by optimizing conditions for biological activity within the Soil

• Maintain biological diversity within the system.

recycle materials and resources to the greatest extent possible within the enterprise.

Provide attentive care that promotes the health and meets the behavio ural needs of live stock.

rely on rsed toenewable resources in organized agricultural systems. locally

Organic farming promotes the use of Crop rotations and cover crops, and encourages balanced host or predator
relationships Organic residues and nutrients produced on the farm are recycled back to the soil. cover crops and
composted manure are used to maintain soil organic matter and fertilty

. Advantages of organic farming:

. Farmers can reduce their production costs because they do not need to bug expensive chemicals and fertilizers.
Healthier farm workers.

. It com slow down global warming

•Fewer residues in food.

Disadvantages of organic farming

: •Lack of subsidies
farming:

Lack infrastructure

. knowledge - Intensive farming More Observations required.

Materials and Methods

Location of college and student :

Crops selected :

were The number of crops selected five which includes chilly, Ginger Turmeric, Tapioca and the Beinjal.

Source of seeds and seedlings:

The seeds of chilly and brinjal are Collected from nearest Kaishi Bhavan, kula nada. The turmeric rhizome were used to
planting the turmeric plant the ginger roots used to culti 'vate the ginger for this year. Tapioca planted by the
stemcutting method and the Stems from the earlier year

SEEDING

Before seeding we should remove the bad seeds from the good seeds. To

separate good seeds from bad, soak them in water: the viable seeds will float

on the surface of water. These seeds can be easily removed and the seeds

that sink can be used for cultivation. By this method, damaged seeds are

easily removed. This will increase in the production of our cultivation.

CONTROL OF PEST AND WEEDS

Inorder to control and prevent pests yellow boards spread with castor oil

was hanged. Weeds were plucked out and care was given everyday.The

plants were watered daily. Organic wastes and mannuar are added to the

ground where the plants are grown. The development of the plants are

noted twice in a week.

Varieties:
Tapioca- MR tapioca

chilly- ajwala (CA-219)

Ginger- IISR Mahima

Brinjal- Haritha (Sm 141)

Tuanderic-11SR-kedasam

Area/no: of grow bags :-

I used 10 cent area for orgonic farming. It was more sufficient to cultivate high yield of products and the soil used was
more fertile.

Crop season :- The crop season that selected for organic farming was the period between summer and raing season, that
is from the month May to July. The growing season is that portion of the year in which local conditions permit the
normal plant growth.

Weather condition prevailed:

In the farming period, the may became hot month with average temperature of 29°c The June becamehot month with
high temperature of 35°c but com and with lots of rain and resurgence of greenary.. and the July became the
temperature with 22°c. codes in

The rainfall receives in May was 250mm In June and July. receives 700mm and 600mm rainfall respectively. In June I face
me challenges due to Some Casps were destroyed due to heavy rain heavy rainfall

Agricultural implements and equipments used : Agricultural tools such as sickle, plough, hoe etc. are implements in
agricultural activities to make the process more productive and efficient. Spade was used for remove the weeds on the
soil.
Liming material and quantity: liming material used was calcium carbonate about 2000g for the farming.

Manazes

The manutes of vegetables and rice water also be used

Basal Application : -

As basal application I used Cowding, ash and kitchen wastes Top Dressing :

The dried leaves were used. as top dressing. The macaronga peltata leaves also give cool used for to the farming plants.

Bio fertilizers :

Cowdung, Vegetable wastes are used as biofatilizers. Biopesticides :

The biopestisides used were neemoil, garlic water and the baking soda

Crop management

It used to improve the growth, development and yield of crops. The seeds and seedlings planted on mid may and were
the branches were seen in June fiest week and also flowering held on the mid of June. Three months were taken for the
good yield of crops.

Land preparation

First the weeds were remo Ved from the soil and mix the calcium carbonate with the soil. Then the natural mancres like
cowdong, ash and kitchen wastes were mixed.

Liming :

calcium carbonate were used. as the timing agent for killing the small pests.

Basal manuring :

cowding and ash were used for give the Vegetables better yield
pest management :

In caop leaves I seen the white flies and larvae. Some pests So I sprayed some natural pesti cides made from garlic and
ginger once in a week.

Disease Manageme

ement :

The yellowing of leaves, leaf spots wilting and mosaic patterns. were seen in the leaves. The disease affected leaves
destroyed because not to spread over the plant.

hlater mi management :

If necessary the plants were watered in the evening. The June

was raing so water were not used during those days. The crop get average water for the proper growth.

Harvest :

 The Vegetables were harvested. at the last week of July. The turmeric and tapioca were not be harvested Still it
growing and the crops were not ready for harvesting. Also the ginger were harvested on last week of august

Observation and data

collection

Table 1:- Germination/plant stond establishment percent.

crops Plants st and

establishment
percentage
chilly 75%

Brinjal 100%
 ginger 100%

turmeric 90%

tapioca 100%

Table 2:-heights of plants in cm (15 days interval)

day date chilly brinja ginge turmeri tapioc

s l r c a
15th 25/5/2 5cm 4cm 6cm 5cm 10cm
day 1
30th 9/6/21 12c 8cm 8cm 7cm 30cm
day m
45th 25/6/2 23c 15cm 10cm 12cm 95
day 1 m
60th 9/7/21 26c 24cm 15cm 20cm 154
day m
75th 24/7/2 29c 29cm 22cm 34cm 253cm
day 1 m
90th 8/8/21 32c 31cm 34cm 45cm 276
day m

Table 3:-no of branches(15 days interval

day date chill brinjal turmeric tapioca

s y
15th 25/5/21 3 2 1 1
day
30th 9/6/21 5 4 2 1
day
45th 25/6/21 8 5 2 1
day
60th 9/7/21 8 5 2 1
day
75th 25/7/21 9 5 2 1
day
90th 8/8/21 11 5 2 1
day