CHAPTER-4

PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA AND STUDY POPULATION

CHAPTER AT GLANCE

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 PROFILE OF STUDY AREA

4.3 PROFILE OF STUDY DISTRICTS

4.4 BACKGROUND OF ORGANISATION

4.5 PROFILE OF THE MANAGERS

4.6 PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

4.1 Introduction
The present chapter ‘Profile of the study area and study population’ is
presented in major three sections. The first section discuss about study area in terms
of Geography, Demography, economical condition, administration and so on. The
second section deals with profile of study organisation and CSR managers. The third
section discuss about socio-economic and demographic profile of the sample
population (respondents) or beneficiaries.

Map 4.1: Showing study area in Karnataka

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4.2: Profile of Study Area
Karnataka Geography: Karnataka is a state in the southern part of India. It is
bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the
north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the
southwest. The state covers an area of 191,976 km², or 5.83% of the total
geographical area of India. It is the eighth largest Indian state by area, the ninth
largest by population.

Demography: According to the 2011 census of India, the total population of

Karnataka is about 61 million. Bangalore Urban is the largest district, comprising
12% of the state population, followed by district Belgaum (8 %) and Gulbarga (6%),
each having a population of more than three million. Gadag, Chamarajanagar and
Kodagu districts have a population of less than one million. The state had a sex ratio
of 968 females per 1,000 males in 2011. The sex ratio was the lowest in Bangalore
Urban district at 908, indicating relatively higher male in-migrants into the district.
On the other hand, the sex ratio is over 1,000 in Udupi (1093), Kodagu (1019) and
Dakshina Kannada (1018), probably indicating a relatively higher male out-migrants
from these districts.

In 2011, 38% of the population lived in cities/towns, and the remaining 66%
lived in villages. As per the 2011 census, Karnataka's six largest cities sorted in order
of decreasing population were, Bangalore, Hubli-Dharwad, Mysore, Gulbarga,
Belgaum and Mangalore. Bangalore which is the administrative head quarters of the
state is the only city with a population of more than one million. The proportion urban
ranges from less than 20% in Kodagu (14%), Chamarajanagar (15%), Mandya (16%),
Koppal (17%), Chitradurga and Hassan (18%, each), Udupi and Chikballapur (19%,
each) to more than half of the population in Bangalore Urban (88%) and Dharwad
(55%) districts. 23% of the population in 2011 belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC,
16%) or Scheduled Tribes (ST, 7%). The proportion SC ranges from <10% in Udupi,
Dakshina Kannada, Dharwad and Uttara Kannada to more than 20% in Bangalore
Rural, Chamarajanagar, Chitradurga, Gulbarga, Kolar and Chikballapur. The
proportion ST is 18% each in the following districts: Bellary, Chitradurga and
Raichur. In 11 districts, the proportion ST is less than 5%. The literacy rate is 75%
with 82% among males and 68% among females, 85% of the urban and 68% of the
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rural populations being literate. The overall literacy rate ranges from 52% in Yadagiri
district to 88% each in Bangalore Urban and Dakshina Kannada districts.

Regional variations: There are large inter-district variations, particularly between

northern and southern districts, in all aspects of development, including health 4. All
but one of the six districts in the state with the lowest human development index
(HDI) in 2001 were in northern Karnataka. For instance, the infant mortality rate
during 2001-02 was above the state average in all the northern districts, ranging from
59 per 1,000 live births in Raichur to 67 each per 1,000 in Gulbarga and Bijapur
districts. The estimated life expectancy at birth in 2001 was the lowest in the northern
district of Bagalkot, at 60.8 years. Not only are health outcomes poorer in northern
Karnataka districts, the health infrastructure in these districts is also poorer than in
more affluent southern districts. For example, there were 61 hospital beds per 100,000
population in 2001 in northern Karnataka districts compared with 85 in southern
Karnataka districts.

A report by the High Power Committee for the Redressal of Regional

Imbalances (HPCFRRI), constituted in 2000, further highlights the regional
disparities in health infrastructure and service facilities, especially between southern
and northern Karnataka. Northern Karnataka consists of districts from the former
“Hyderabad Karnataka” (Bidar, Gulbarga, Raichur, Koppal and Bellary) and parts of
the former “Bombay Karnataka” (Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gadag, Haveri,
Dharwad, and Uttar Kannada).

Climate, Rainfall and Seasons: The climatic conditions in the state are determined
largely by its geographic proximity to the sea, the monsoons and the physiographic
characteristics. The Western Ghats plays significant role by acting as a "climatic
divide" between the west coast and hilly regions which experiences heavy rainfall,
and the eastern regions which have relatively low rainfall and are prone to drought.
The state receives its rainfall from the southwest monsoon as well as from the
retreating monsoon. However, the major portion of its precipitation comes from the
southwest monsoon which sets in about the end of May or early June and lasts with
some intervals till the end of September. The retreating monsoon starts in October and

4
Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, 2006, Karnataka – Human Development Report 2005
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usually ceases by the end of December and only certain parts of the state receive this
rain, which helps the rabi crops. The Western Ghats, which lie nearly at right angles
to the southwest monsoon, facilitates heavy rains in the coastal and malnad regions
(covering the area of Uttar Kannad, Dakshin Kannad, Mysore, Kodagu and Shimoga
districts.

The year is divided into four seasons. Winter conditions prevail during
January and February and summer lasts from March to May. The southwest monsoon
season starts in June and ends in September, the northeast monsoon season last's from
October until December. The coastal region receives an average annual rainfall
exceeding 300 cm. The annual rainfall ranges from 400 cm to 800 cm in the Western
Ghats, decreasing to about 200 cm as one moves eastward. The annual rainfall in
Agumbe in the Shimoga district exceeds 800 cm. In the northern plateau, annual
rainfall ranges from 50 cm to 150 cm, decreasing as one moves eastward. In the
southern plateau region, annual rainfall ranges from about 46 cm in the eastern part of
Chitradurga to 200 cm on the western side.

Temperatures are lowest in most parts of the state during January, whereas
May is the warmest month. After May, temperatures generally decrease, and
appreciably so from July on. The Bellary, Gulbarga, and Raichur districts are the
warmest, the maximum monthly temperature varying from about 33° C in January to
about 43° C in May. In coastal and malnad areas, the temperatures are lowest in the
rainy month of July and highest in May, with maximums ranging from 20°C to 28°C
in July and from 32°C to 36°C in May. In the other areas, maximum temperatures
vary from about 27°C to 29cC in January to about 36°C to 38°C in May.

Area and Administrative Divisions: The total land area in Karnataka is 191,791
square kilometres. The state contains five percent of the population and six percent of
the land area of India. With the separation of Bangalore district into rural and urban,
Karnataka has now 20 districts. For administrative purposes the state is divided into
four revenue divisions: Bangalore, Belgaum, Gulbarga and Mysore divisions.
Bangalore, the capital city, is situated in the southeastern part of the state.

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People, Culture, Religion and Language: Many religions and sects have left their
imprint on the socio cultural lives of the people of Karnataka. Jainism, one of the
oldest religions, has contributed substantially to Kannada literature and architecture.
Worship of Gomata (Bahubali) and Masthakabhishekam (headanointing ceremony) is
especially noteworthy in Karnataka. Karnataka is the birth place of Veerashaivism, a
puritanical form of shaivism which was popularized by Saint Basaveshwara in the
twelth century. Veerashaivas (or Lingayats) constitute a sizeable proportion of the
population today and their contribution to the spread of education in the state is
considerable. Saint Ramanuja, the great exponent of Vishishtadwaita, came to
Karnataka in the twelth century during the time of the Hoysala king Vishnuvardhana.
Saint Madhvacharya was born in Kamataka and preached the philosophy of dualism
or Dwaita during the thirteenth century. Dasakuta (or Madhva saint poets) sang
devotional songs in Kannada, and Dasa Sahitya is an important part of Kannada
literature. The Indo-saracenic monuments in Gulbarga, Bijapur and Bidar reflect the
influence of Islam. During the nineteenth century, Catholic and Protestant
missionaries entered Karnataka and promoted the spread of education. They
developed the technology for printing the Kannada language in Karnataka.

Because of its geographic location, Karnataka became the meeting place of the
northern and the southern cultural currents, resulting in their synthesis there. In art, a
new Vesara style emerged out of the mingling of the Nagara and Dfavida styles. In
music, both Hindustani and Kamatic styles flourished. 'Kannada is predominantly
spoken as the mother tongue. Tulu and Konkani are relatively more common in
Dakshin Kannad, and Konkani in Uttar Kannad. Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Hindi and
Urdu are the other important language;

Economy and infrastructure: In Karnataka, 69 percent of the population live in

rural areas, compared to 74 percent in the country as a whole. Among the main
workers, 63 percent depend on agriculture (cultivation and agricultural labour)
compared to 65 percent in the country. The share of agriculture in the state's income
was 39 percent in 1988-89, compared to 35 percent in India (Centre for Monitoring
Indian Economy, 1991).

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 Rice, ragi and jowar are the major cereal crops grown in Karnataka. Among
other crops, the groundnut, sugarcane and cotton are important. Nearly 34 percent of
agricultural lands are under nonfood crops. This is higher than the percentage for
many other states and exceeds the all-India average of 28 percent (Centre for
Monitoring Indian Economy, 1991). Food grain production in the state increased from
52 lakh tonnes during 1969-70 to 62 lakh tonnes in 1989-90. This amounts to a
compound growth rate of 0.9 percent per annum, which is one of the lowest among
the states in India. Indeed, the growth in food grain production was much lower than
the population growth rate of 2.2 percent per annum during 1971-91. Consequently,
per capita food grain production declined from about 185 kilograms in 1969-70 to 142
kilograms in 1989-90.

Moreover, in a recent past Karnataka become the major state to contribute and
increasing a country’s gross national income through foreign currency by the virtue of
having (I.T and B.T) Information technology and Bio-technology companys and
known as a cilycon velly of India. Per capita income in the state increased from Rs.
1,612 in 1980-81 to Rs. 2,041 in 1988- 89 (1980-81 prices), thus registering a growth
rate of around 3 percent per annum. The levels and trends for the country as a whole
are somewhat similar (Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, 1991). (About one-
third of the state's population (36 percent in the rural areas and 24 percent in the urban
areas) was reported to be living below the poverty line during 1987-88 (Centre for
Monitoring Indian Economy, 1991). These are slightly higher than the all-India
levels)

Industries: Karnataka has a number of industries. With the establishment of a

number of public sector industries such as the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL),
Indian Telephone Industries (ITI), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Hindustan
Machine Tools (HMT) during the war and post-war period, the industrial structure of
the state has become considerably diversified. The index of industrial production in
the state rose from 149 in 1981-82 to 259 in 1990-91, thus registering a growth rate of
6 percent per annum. Electronics is becoming important, with Karnataka accounting
for nearly 20 percent of the country's electronics output. Sericulture is an important
activity from the point of view of employment and income generation. (Growing
mulberry plants comes under agriculture, while silk reeling is in the industrial sector.)
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The state accounts for 60 percent of the country's raw silk production (Government of
Karnataka, 1993). Sericulture has provided employment for a large number of
disadvantaged families and women.

Karnataka has one of the most congenial industrial environments in the

country. Because of Labour unrest is few and unheard of, Law and order problems are
minimal, A stable government and good infrastructure, Large pool of human
resources, aided by the presence of a large number of engineering, medical and other
educational institutes. A single window Clarence system and many other benefits
make Karnataka a favourite investment location to all kinds of investors Public,
Private and foreign. Since the study involves a parallel analysis of the CSR of three
different sectors of companies i.e. Indian private, Indian public and Multi National
Companies, which are known to be having CSR programme and initiatives CSR in
Karnataka. Since all three sectors of companies i.e. private, Indian public and Multi
National Companies available in Karnataka and to avoid the language problem to
interview the beneficiaries of CSR. It has decided to work conduct field work in
Karnataka.

Since the 1980s, Karnataka has emerged as the pan-Indian leader in the field
of IT (information technology). As of 2007, there were nearly 2,000 firms operating
out of Karnataka. Many of them, including two of India's biggest software firms,
Infosys and Wipro are also headquartered in the state. Exports from these firms
exceeded Rs. 50,000 crores ($12.5 billion) in 2006-07, accounting for nearly 38% of
all IT exports from India All this has earned the state capital, Bangalore, the sobriquet
Silicon Valley of India.

4.3: Profile of Study Districts

Bellary Geography: Bellary district is situated on the eastern part of the Karnataka
state, in the southern region of India. It is located at 15° 30'and 15°50’ North Latitude
to 75° 40’ and 77° 11’ East Longitude. The district has a total area of 8,447 square
kms. It is bounded by Raichur district on the north, Koppal district on the west,
Chitradurga and Davanagere districts on the south, and Anantapur and Kurnool
districts of Andhra Pradesh on the east. Bellary is the 6th largest district in the state in
terms of the population and 7th in terms of land area.
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Administration: Administratively, the district is divided into 7 Talukas: Bellary,
Hadagali, Hagaribommanahalli (HB Halli), Hospet, Kudligi, Sandur and Siruguppa.
As per the 2011 Census, the district has 11 towns and 524 villages. Bellary town is the
administrative head quarters of the district.

Demography: According to the 2011 census of India, the total population of Bellary
district is 25 lakhs. Bellary is the largest Taluka, comprising 31% of the district
population, followed by Talukas Hospet (18%), Kudligi (13%) and Siruguppa (12%).
HB Halli is the smallest Taluka, comprising 8% of the district population. The district
had a sex ratio of 978 females per 1,000 males in 2011. The sex ratio was the lowest
in Sandur Taluka at 945. In 2011, 37% of the population lived in cities/towns. While
100% of the population in HB Halli live in rural areas, 59% in Hospet Taluka live in
urban areas. 36% of the population in 2011 belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC, 18%)
or Scheduled Tribes (ST, 18%). The proportion SC ranges from 16% in Bellary to
22% in Hadagali Taluka. The proportion ST is the highest at 27% each in Kudligi and
Sandur Talukas. The literacy rate is 68%, being substantially higher among males
(77%) than females (58%). The proportion literate was higher in the urban than the
rural areas (77% compared with 61%).

Economy and Infrastructure: Agriculture is the main occupation in the district.

Owing to the availability of huge deposits of iron and manganese ore in the Sanduru
hill ranges and surroundings. The district got advantage of large scale industries like
Bellary Steels and Alloys Limited (BSAL), Navakarnataka Steels and Shatavahana
Ispat, JSW Steel Ltd is a unit of Jindal Steels located at Toranagallu in Sandur taluk,
30 km from Bellary. These industries provide ample of employment opportunities to
localites.

Bangalore Urban Geography: Bangalore Urban is one of the districts in Karnataka

which came into existence in 1986, after the partition of the erstwhile Bangalore
district into Bangalore Urban and Bangalore Rural districts. The district is located in
the South eastern part of Karnataka. It is having an area of 2,174 sq. km and is located
between the North latitude 12°39' 32’’: 13°14' 13’’and East longitude 77°19’44’’:
77°50'13’’. The district is bounded in all the directions by Bangalore Rural and

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Ramanagaram districts except in Southeast, where the district is bounded by
Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu state. Bangalore Urban is the largest district in the
state in terms of the population and 28th in terms of land area. Bangalore is the
adminstrative headquarters of the state.

Administration: Administratively, the district is divided into 4 Talukas: Anekal,

Bangalore North, Bangalore South and Bangalore East. As per the 2001 Census, the
district has 19 towns and 668 villages. The civic administration of the city is carried
out by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). The Bangalore city has
been divided into 16 administrative Zones.

Demography: According to the 2011 census of India, the total population of

Bangalore Urban district is 96.2 lakhs with population density of 4,381 persons per sq
km. The district had a sex ratio of 915 females per 1,000 males in 2011. In 2011, 90%
of the population lived in cities/towns, and the remaining 10% lived in villages. 14%
of the population in 2011 belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC, 13%) or Scheduled
Tribes (ST, 1%). The literacy rate is 88%, being substantially higher among males
(91%) than females (84%).

Economy and Infrastructure: The district is very well connected to all parts of the
country with railways and road and to different parts of world through air ways (with
the newly built International Air port). The city, which was known as Garden City, is
losing its lung space (greener patches) due to rapid urbanization and multifaceted
industrial development. Bangalore is one of the fastest growing cities in India and is
branded as ‘Silicon Valley of India’ for heralding and spearheading the growth of
Information Technology (IT) based industries in the country. With the advent and
growth of IT industry, as well as numerous industries in other sectors and the onset of
economic liberalisation since the early 1990s, Bangalore has taken lead in service-
based industries fuelling substantial growth of the city both economically and
spatially. Bangalore has become a cosmopolitan city attracting people and business
alike, within and across nations.

Dharwad Geography: Dharwad district is situated in the Western sector of the

northern half of Karnataka State. It is situated between 15° 45' North Latitude and 75°

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0' East Longitude. The district covers an area of 4,263 sq km. It is bounded on the
north by Belgaum district, on the east by Gadag district, on the south by Haveri and
on the west by Uttara Kannada district. Dharwad is the 15th largest district in the state
in terms of population and 24th in terms of the land area.

Administration: Administratively the district is divided into 5 Talukas; Dharwad,

Kalghatgi, Kundgol, Navalgund and Hubli. As per the 2001 Census, Dharwad district
has 6 cities/towns and 361 villages. The Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation
(HDMC) is the administrative headquarters of the district.

Demography: According to the 2011 census of India, the total population of

Dharwad district is about 18 lakhs. Dharwad is the largest Taluka, comprising 63% of
the district population, followed by Navalgund (11%), Kundgol (10%), Kalghatgi
(9%) and Hubli (8%) Talukas. The district had a sex ratio of 967 females per 1,000
males in 2011. While the lowest sex ratio was in Kalghatgi Taluka (936 females per
1,000 males), the highest was in Navalgund Taluka (955 females per 1,000 males). In
2011, 56% of the population lived in cities/towns, and the proportion urban ranges
from 11% each in Kalghatgi and Kundgol Talukas to 80% in Dharwad Taluka. 12%
of the population in 2011 belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC, 8%) or Scheduled Tribes
(ST, 4%). The proportion SC ranges from 7% in Hubli Taluka to 11% in Kalghatgi
Taluka. The proportion ST ranges from 4% in Dharwad to 7% in Kundgol Taluka.
The total literacy rate is 80% in the district with 86% of males and 73% of females
being literate. The proportion literate was higher in the urban than the rural areas
(85% compared with 72%).

Economy and Infrastructure: Agriculture is the main occupation in the district. The
main kharif crops are cotton, chilies, sugarcane and groundnuts, and the main rabi
crops are jawar, wheat, rice etc. Out of the total cultivated land, only 12% is irrigated
(as per the 4th Economic Survey – 1998). There are 50,602 industrial units in the
district. Dharwad district has 156 kms of National, 163 kms of State and 599 kms of
District Highways.

Belgaum Geography: Belgaum district lies in the north-western part of Karnataka

state, in the southern region of India. It is located at 15° 87' North Latitude to 75° 7'

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East Longitude. The district has a total area of 13,415 square kms. It is bounded on
the west and north by Maharashtra state, on the northeast by Bijapur district, on the
east by Bagalkot district, on the southeast by Gadag district, on the south by Dharwad
and Uttara Kannada districts, and on the southwest by the state of Goa. Belgaum is
the 2th largest district in the state in terms of both the population and land area.

Administration: Administratively, the district is divided into 10 Talukas: Athni,

Bailhongal (Sampgaon), Belgaum, Chikodi, Gokak, Hukeri, Khanapur, Ramdurg,
Raybag and Saundatti (Parasgad). As per the 2001 Census, the district has 19 towns
and 1,255 villages. Belgaum town is the administrative head quarters of the district.

Demography: According to the 2011 census of India, the total population of Belgaum
district is 47 lakhs. Belgaum is the largest Taluka, comprising 19% of the district
population, followed by Talukas Chikodi (13%), Gokak (12%) and Athni (11%).
Ramdurg is the smallest Taluka, comprising of 5.4% of the district population. The
district had a sex ratio of 969 females per 1,000 males in 2011. The sex ratio was the
lowest in Raybag Taluka at 944. In 2011, 24% of the population lived in cities/towns,
and the remaining 76% lived in villages. The proportion urban ranges from 62% in
Belgaum Taluka to 9% in Athni. 17% of the population in 2011 belonged to
Scheduled Castes (SC, 11%) or Scheduled Tribes (ST, 6%). The proportion SC ranges
from 6% in Bailhongal to 18% in Raybag Taluka. The proportion ST is the highest at
11% each in Hukeri and Saundatti Talukas. The literacy rate is 73%, being
substantially higher among males (82%) than females (64%). The proportion literate
was also higher in the urban than the rural areas (86% compared with 69%).

Economy and Infrastructure: Belgaum is connected by road via the National

Highway (NH-4) connecting the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil Nadu, and NH-4A connecting the states of Karnataka and Goa.

4.4 Background of organisation

The present section of the chapter discuss about profile of the study
organisation in terms of over view of the organisation, origin and history, vision and
mission of organisation, organisation structure, products and services and CSR
activities undertaken by the study organisations. The information presented in this

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section was collected through study organisation web sites, resent annual reports,
sustainable report and organisation CSR reports. The second part of this section
discuss briefly about profile of CSR managers in study organisations, this information
was collected through structured questionnaire from CSR managers.

Table 4.1: Basic Profile Study Organisations

Place of
Year of
Name of Type of Core business Registered
Type Establis Founder
Org Ownership of Organisation Corporate
hment
office
HLL Govt. 1966 Govt. Health Thiruvanantha Govt. of India
puram
NMDC Govt. 1958 Govt. Mining Hyderabad Gov. of India
Power Govt. 1989 Govt. Power Delhi Govt. of India
Grid
ING MNC 2002 Joint Banking Mumbai Joint Venture
Vysya Venture ING of Dutch
origin and
Vysya Bank of
India
Suzlon MNC 1995 Group Power Ahmedabad Shri.Tulsi
Ownership Tanti
Tata MNC 2007 Joint Manufac-turing Mumbai TATA Group
Marco- Venture and Morcoplo
polo based at Brazil
ACC PVT 1936 Individual Cement Mumbai F E Dinshaw
ownership
MSPL PVT 1961 Family Steel and Power Mumbai Shri. Abheraj
ownership H. Baldota
Renuka PVT 1998 Individual Sugars Mumbai Mrs. Vidya M.
Sugars ownership Murkumbi and
Mr. Narendra
M. Murkumbi

Above table 4.1 explains about the profile of organisation those were selected
for the present study, the information for the above table was taken from the
organisations website, annual reports and sustainable repots. The data on type of
organisation shows about the even representation of Govt. PVT and MNC
organisations because it was predetermined to select three organisations from each
type to understand the performance difference based on type of organisation. Further
data on year of establishment shows about the organisational history in terms of that
representation of old and new establishments such as there were some organisation
got established even before the independence i.e. ACC 1936, and newly established
organisations those were in recent past i.e. Tata Marcopolo, 2007 and further this

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table explain about different types of organisations such as service field health,
Banking, manufacturing, cement, steel, power and sugar.

Table 4.2: Vision of Study Organisations

Name of Org Vision

HLL HLL’s vision is to become a INR 10,000 crore global healthcare
company by 2020
NMDC NMDC has always shown great concern for environment
protection.
Power Grid World Class, Integrated, Global Transmission Company with
Dominant Leadership in Emerging Power Markets Ensuring
Reliability, Safety and Economy.
ING Vysya To be a leading, global, client-focused, innovative and low-cost
provider of financial services through the distribution channels
of the client’s preference in markets where ING can create value.
Suzlon Having a minimal impact on the natural environment enabling
local communities to develop their potential empowering
employees to be responsible civil society members committing
ourselves to ethical business practices that are fair to all the
stakeholders So that we can collectively contribute towards
creating a better world for all.
Tata Marcopolo Most admired by our customers, employees, business partners
and shareholder for the experience and value they enjoy from
being with us.
ACC To be one of the most respected company in India: Recognised
for challenging conventions and delivering on promise
MSPL Guided by the principles of sustainability be a conglomerate
driving the nation's growth by establishing standards of
excellence in adding value to nature's resources
Renuka Sugars To be among the top three integrated sugar and ethanol
companies in the world by harnessing its strengths and realising
synergies through its global presence.

The above table number 4.2 explains about several organisations different
vision to set the target and start the process the CSR implementation in achieving the
community’s sustainable development to be one of the top most priorities in creating
the better world for all.

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 Table 4.3: Structure and Products of Study Organisations

Name of
Type Organisation Structure Products
Org
HLL Govt. Liaison Officer-Deputy Condoms, Herbs &Berries, re-hydration salts,
General Managers of blood transfusion equipment, wound care
different sections products, blood banking equipment, neo-natal
care equipment and surgical and healthcare
products

NMDC Govt. CMD-Directors of Different Iron Ore mining and Beach Sand mining
sections
Power Govt. CMD-Directors of Different Grid Management, Technological
Grid sections Development, Development of Transmission
System for Independent Power Producers,
Telecom and Consultancy
ING MNC Managing Director & CEO- Investment Advisory Services, Investment
Vysya Chief Financial Officer- advice encapsulate, ING Vysya Life
Country Head for different Insurance, ING Investment Management,
sections Structured Credit, Estate Planning Advisory,
Support and NRI Service
Suzlon MNC Chairman- Independent Power generation, Product Development &
Directors of different Supply and consultency
sections
Tata MNC Managing Director- Bus manufacturing and building unit
Marco- Executive Directors of
polo different sections

ACC PVT Chairman-Deputy Cement, Blended Cements, Ready Mix

Chairman-CEO & MD- Concrete
Body Members
MSPL PVT Chairman and MD-2 Mines, Wind Power, Shipping
Executive Director-Different
Dept heads
Renuka PVT Executive Chairperson-Vice Sugar, Ethanol, Power
Sugars Chairman & MD-Executive
Director of different sections

The above table number 4.3 indicates about the globally specified standard
structure of different organisations, starting from the liaison officer, Director, Chief
Executive Officer, Chairman and Deputy Chairman as well as body members. As for
the production of all nine studied area organisation was concerned it was mainly
Mining, Shipping, Power generation, Sugars, Cement production, banking and
manufacturing of tool and technologies and so on.

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 Table 4.4: Major CSR activities of Study Organisation

Year
Name of
Type CSR CSR Activities
Org
initiated
Health care Initiatives, Life-Skills Training School
HLL Govt. 2008 Programmes, Support for Cancer Care, village
infrastructure Development
Education, Infrastructure Development, Healthcare,
NMDC Govt. 1998 Integrated Village Development, Community
Management
Education, Health Care, Infrastructural
Power Development, Sports, Art, Culture and Heritage,
Govt. 2008
Grid Ecology and Environment and Promote
employability/self-employment
ING
MNC 1998 Disaster Management, Education
Vysya
Suzlon MNC 2003 Empowerment, Sustainable Development
Community Development, Education, Health,
Tata
MNC 2009 Community Empowerment and Drinking Water and
Marcopolo
Sanitation
Community & Rural Welfare, Education,
ACC PVT 1940 Healthcare, HIV/AIDS - Workplace Policy and
Disaster Relief
Education, Health care and sanitation, Community
MSPL PVT 1970 Empowerment, Community infrastructure
development and Environmental Care
Health Care Initiatives, Educational Activities,
Renuka
PVT 2008 Community Development Initiatives, Goshala,
Sugars
Scholarship

The above table number 4.4 shows about the different organization year of starting
corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation at village community level by
covering several important core issues like providing awareness about education and
adult education, working on school drop outs, mainstreaming gender discrimination,
maternal and child health care, increasing knowledge about environment pollution
and protection, providing scholarship, conducting health camps as well as life skills
training programs last but not least developing infrastructure in terms of basic roads,
drinking water and transportation.

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 4.5: Profile of Study Plants or Units

Year plant
Year of started
Name of Number of Products of
Type unit/plant CSR
Org Employees Plant/unit
started Initiatives

Condom, Mala-D
Greater Than
HLL Govt. And M Saheli, 1985 2008
1000
Production
Greater Than Mining Transport,
NMDC Govt. 1977 1998
1000 Steel Production
Power Grid Govt. Less Than 100 Power Distribution 1989 2008
Greater Than Banking, Insurance
ING Vysya MNC 2002 1998
1000 Marketing
Greater Than Wind Power
Suzlon MNC 2003 2003
1000 Generation
Tata Greater Than
MNC Bus body Building 2009 2009
Marcopolo 1000
Greater than Cement
ACC PVT 2009 2009
250 Manufacturing
Greater Than Mining And Wind
MSPL PVT 1970 1970
1000 Energy
Renuka Greater Than
PVT Sugar Production 2008 2008
Sugars 500

The above table 4.5 shows about the profile of plant or unit of those were
selected for the study. It shows that though the units or plants were got started many
years back but the initiation of CSR activities got boosted only recent past in the study
area, it was only after India accepted the globalisation policy. Further it can be
observed from the same table that some of the plants were new in the study area such
as ACC, Tata Marcoplo Renuka sugars, even though they have started CSR
immediately after the plant begin to work in study area, without delaying any time
period.

4.5: Profile of the Management Respondents

This section of the chapter discuss about a profile of the respondents involved
in study in terms of their demographic, social, economic and living conduction. This
sort of information are needed because it gives brief background idea about the people
involved in the present study and tells about their characteristics and behaviour
aspects of the respondents, which will help us to generalise the findings.

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 The first part of this section introduces the demographic profile of the
management and second part discusses about the community respondents details.

Table 4.6: Profile of CSR Managers

Total Years of Experience in
Type Age Gender Education Designation
Experience present org
MBA H R Manager
Govt-1 42 Male 22 10
Engineering (Senior)
Govt-2 52 Male Engineering 25 2 CSR Manager
Assistant
Govt-3 38 Male M.B.A 10 3
Manager
Director-CSR
MNC-1 42 Female M.B.A 12 6
Unit
MNC-2 48 Male M.S.W 20 6 Co-ordinator
M.S.W,
Team Leader
MNC-3 30 Male PGDPM & 8 1
CSR
IR
Deputy
PVT-1 35 Male M.A 14 8
Manager-CSR
PVT-2 45 Male M.Com 22 5 AGM-CSR
PVT-3 48 Female M.S.W 28 8 CSR Manager

The above table shows profile of managers working in CSR unit of studied
organisation, this information is important in understanding the effectiveness of CSR
program in community, which researchers will discuss in detailed. It was found from
the analysis that most of the respondents (6 out of 9) were above age of 40 years and
average age of the CSR managers was 42 years in studied organisation, the gender
wise analysis shows that 7 of 9 managers were headed by men and 2 of 9 were headed
by female manager, another study also shows that the female participation in CSR
management is still lacking. Further it was found that different educational
background of people executives who were heading the CSR unit, 3 of 9 managers
were completed MSW, equal number of managers were completed MBA, 2 of 9
managers were competed other post graduation and 1 of 9 manager had completed
engineering course who is heading the CSR unit in the studied organisation.

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 The response regarding experience of the CSR managers shows that most of
the respondents (6 of 9) had experience of more than 20 years, only one CSR manager
belongs to MNCs had experience of 8 years of experience. However information on
experience in present organisation shows that most of the managers (4 of 9) were had
less than 5 years of work experience in present organisation, only one CSR manager
had experience of 10 years in present organisation, it shows that though many
organisations have started CSR activity since last 15 years back but managers
experience was not as equal as the organisation CSR initiative. Further, the researcher
tried to understand the designations of head of CSR units and it was found that CSR
unit head was called in different designation in different ways such as HR manager,
Manager, Director-CSR unit, team leader, coordinator and so on.

4.6 Profile of the Community Respondents:

In this section of the profile chapter the researcher try to discuss about the
background details of the respondents selected in terms of their demographic, social,
economic and living conduction of the respondent those were interviewed for study.

Table 4.7: Distribution of Respondents by Age

Age Frequency Percent

25 years or small 48 10.7

26-35 years 147 32.7

36 to 45 years 185 41.1

Above 45 70 15.6

Total 450 100

The table 4.7 shows the percent distribution of respondents by age. It was
found from the analysis that around 11 percent of the respondents were less than or
equal to 25 years of age, while 32 percent of respondents were in the age group of 36
to 45 years and remaining 16 percent of the respondents were found to be above age
of 45 year, which indicates inclusion of all age group representation in study.

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 Table 4.8: Distribution of Respondents by Gender

Gender Frequency Percent

Male 246 54.7

Female 204 45.3

Total 450 100

Gender representation is very important in any study to gender biasness in

opinion; the table 4.8 shows the percent distribution respondents by gender. The
gender wise analysis shows that 55 percent of respondents were male and 45 percent
of the respondents were female involved in survey, this shows almost equal
participation of both the gender in study.

Table 4.9: Distribution of Respondents by Education Level

Education Frequency Percent

No Education 121 26.9

Up to High school 162 36

Pre University and Above 167 37.1

Total 450 100

The table 4.9 shows the percent distribution of respondents by education level.
The study shows that around 27 percent of the respondents who involved in study
were illiterate, 36 percent of the respondents were completed their education till high
school and remaining 37 percent of the respondents were completed PUC or higher
education.

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 Table 4.10: Distribution of Respondents by Marital Status

Marital Status Frequency Percent

Currently Married 329 73.1

Widowed/Divorced/Separated 61 13.6

Unmarried 60 13.3

Total 450 100

The above table 4.10 shows the percent distribution of respondents by marital
status. The study shows that 73 percent of respondents were married and 13 percent of
respondents were unmarried and equal percent of respondents were found to be
widowed, Divorced or separated.

Table 4.11: Distribution of Respondents by Number of living Children

Living Children Frequency Percent

No children 16 4.1

One or Two 156 40

Three to Five 176 45.1

More than Five 42 10.8

Total 390 100

The information on number of livening children was collected for married

respondents. The table 4.11 shows the percent distribution of respondents by number
of living children, it shows that only four percent of the respondents had no children,
where as 40 percent of the respondents had one or two children, 45 percent of the
respondents had three to five children and remaining 11 percent of the respondents
had more than five children. The analysis shows that still 55 percent of the families in
study area had more than 2 children in families; hence it shows the urgent need of
intervention of organisations in the area of health and family planning.

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 Table 4.12: Distribution of Respondents by Religion

Religion Frequency Percent

Hindu 340 75.6

Muslim 66 14.7

Others 44 9.8

Total 450 100

The above table 4.12 shows the information about percent distribution of
respondents by religion. It was found that 76 percent of the respondents were belongs
to Hindu religion, whereas, 14 percent of the respondents were belongs to Muslim and
another 10 percent of the respondents were other religion, such as Jain, Christian and
so on, it clearly shows that the representation of religion wise respondents in the study
was almost similar to universe (census of India).

Table 4.13: Distribution of Respondents by Caste

Caste Frequency Percent

SC/ST 144 32

OBC 230 51.1

Others 76 16.9

Total 450 100

Further caste wise analysis (table 4.13) show that 32 percent of the
respondents were belonging to SC/ST while 51 percent of the respondents were
belongs to OBC and another 17 percent of the respondents were representing forward
caste, the representation of respondents was almost similar to census/NFHS caste wise
distribution of population.

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 Table 4.14: Distribution of Respondents by Family Size

Family Size Frequency Percent

Small 331 73.6

Medium 107 23.8

Large 12 2.7

Total 450 100

Family size is also one of the important indicator in understanding the

respondents back ground, the study (table 4.14) show that 73 percent of the
respondents were belong to small size family that is nuclear family which contains
five members or less than that, whereas, 24 percent of the respondents were belong to
joint family medium size of family which was classified under 6-10 members of
family, only three percent of the respondents were belongs to large family size joint
extended where more 11 members stays in a family or household.

Table 4.15: Distribution of Respondents by Employment Status

Employment Status Frequency Percent

Not working 49 10.9

Private Employee 100 22.2

Agricultural Employee 119 26.4

Govt. Employee 150 33.3

Self Employee 32 7.1

Total 450 100

The study (table 4.15) shows that around 11 percent of respondents were not
working, which means they could be un-employees, house wives or retired persons
whereas, 22 percent of the respondents were found to be private employees, 26
percent of the respondents were agricultural employees and another 33 percent of the
respondents were Govt. employees and remaining seven percent of the respondents

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were self employees. It shows the complete representation of all type of professional
people in the study.
Table 4.16: Distribution of Respondents by Type of Water Supply

Type of water supply Frequency Percent

Tap (Inside Residence/Yard/Plot) 204 45.3

Tap (Shared/Public) 189 42

Hand pump\ Bore well 34 7.6

Well-Covered 7 1.6

Other 16 3.6

Total 450 100

The table 4.16 shows the percent distribution of respondents by living

condition, the living condition of respondent is important because indirectly it
indicates activeness of the orgnisations in the community or village. The analysis
show that 45 percent of the respondents had tap inside residence for main source of
drinking water where as 42 percent of the respondents get water from the public tap
while 8 percent of the respondent’s main source of water was hand pump or bore well
and remaining five percent of the respondents get water from other sources such as
covered or uncovered well, river canal and so on.

Table 4.17: Distribution of Respondents by Source of Lighting to Household

Source of Lighting Frequency Percent

Electricity 436 96.9

Kerosene 12 2.7

Others 2 0.4

Total 450 100

The source of lighting to the household is an important indicator to understand

the economical and developmental status of community. The table 4.17 provides in
information about distribution of respondents by source of lighting to household. It
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shows that around 97 percent of the respondents had electricity as source of lighting,
however still 3 percent of the respondents use the other than electricity as source of
lighting. It shows in spite of Govt. programs and organisations CSR activities still 3
percent of the respondents don’t have electricity.

Table 4.18: Distribution of Respondents by Source of fuel for cooking

Source of fuel for cooking Frequency Percent

Gas 213 47.3

Wood 200 44.4

Electricity 14 3.1

Kerosene 21 4.7

Other 2 0.4

Total 450 100

It was found from the study (table 4.18) that 97 percent of the respondents told
their main source of lighting was electricity but still it was found that still three
percent of the respondents use kerosene and other source for lighting in their
household. Further it was found that 47 percent of them use gas as main source for
fuel for cooking while 44 percent of the respondents still use the wood as their main
source of fuel for cooking and remaining five percent of the respondents use kerosene
as main source of fuel for cooking in study area.

Table 4.19: Distribution of Respondents by Type of House5

Type of House Frequency Percent

Kachcha 69 15.3

Semi-Pucca 206 45.8

Pucca 175 38.9

Total 450 100

5
Kachcha=Wall Roof and Floor of living residence are not finished, Semi-Pucca=either wall, roof or
floor are not finished, Pucca=Wall, Roof and Floor are finished.
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 Type of house also indicates the level of development of community. The
table 4.19 presents information about distribution of respondents by type house, the
analysis shows that 15 percent of the respondents still reside in Kachcha houses while
46 percent of the respondents reside in semi-Pucca households and only 40 percent of
the respondents stays in Pucca houses. It clearly shows that still 15 percent of people
in study area resides in Kachcha houses.

Table 4.20: Distribution of Respondents by Type of Toilet

Type of Toilet Frequency Percent

Own Flush Toilet 244 54.2

Own Pit Toilet 9 2.0

Shared Toilet (Any Type) 56 12.4

Public/Community Toilet (Any Type) 72 16.0

No Toilet Facility 69 15.3

Total 450 100

It was found from the study (table 4.20) that 54 percent of the respondents had
their own flush toilet whereas, two percent of the respondents had own pit toilet,
while 12 percent of the respondent share the toilet with neighbors and 16 percent of
the respondents use public toilet and remaining 15 percent of the respondents had no
toilet facility, which means they use open field to attend their natural calls. The above
result shows that there is still scope for the organisations to work in improving the
living condition of the people residing surrounding to the organisation.

Table 4.21: Distribution of Respondents by Land Availability

Land Availability Frequency Percent

No 290 64.4

Yes 160 35.6

Total 450 100

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 Above table 4.21 shows the percent distribution of respondents by Economical
condition. It was found that most (64 percent) of the respondents had no land and one
third of the household in study area had land, it clearly indicate that the villagers have
lost their land for building of companies and organisation.

Table 4.22: Distribution of Respondents by Income of the Family

Income Frequency Percent

<=5000 177 39.3

5000 to 10000 148 32.9

>10000 125 27.8

Total 450 100

The table 4.22 presents the information about percent distribution of

respondents by income of family. The income related analysis shows that 39 percent
of families had 5000 or less than 5000 rupees income in month, whereas 33 percent of
the respondents had 5000-10000 rupees income per month and 28 percent of the
respondents had income of 10000 and above per month.

Table 4.23: Distribution of Respondents by Family Received Credit

Received Credit Frequency Percent

Yes 173 38.4

No 277 61.6

Total 450 100

Burden of credit is one of the important features of underdevelopment

societies in India. It is also one of the important indicators to analyse the level of
development of any community. The table 4.23 shows the information about
distribution of respondents by status of family credit. It shows that 38 percent of the
respondents told their family have received credit from any source. It shows that the

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community surrounding to the organisation are not yet independent to meet their
needs and they need to depend on some source of credit to meet their needs.

Table 4.24: Distribution of Respondents by Amount of Credit

Amount of Credit Frequency Percent

<=25000 112 64.7

25001 to 1 lakh 53 30.6

>1 lakh 8 4.6

Total 173 100

The enquiry regarding credit burden (table 4.24) to the household shows that
among those 38 percent of the family who had received credit in last six months 65
percent of the respondents taken loan amount of rupees 25,000, around 31 percent of
the respondents had taken loan amount of rupees 25,001 to one lakh loan, around five
percent of the respondents taken loan amount of more than one lakh rupees.

Table 4.25: Distribution of Respondents by Rate of Interest

Rate of Interest Frequency Percent

<=1 Rupees 2 1.2

1-2 Rupees 149 92.5

>2 Rupees 10 6.2

Total 161 100

The question (table 4.25) about rate of interest shows that, around one percent
of the respondents pay less than one rupee interest for their credit, 93 percent of the
respondent pay between 1 and 2 rupees of interest for their credit and six percent of
the respondents pay more than two rupees interest for the credit they have taken.
Respondents told that banks, Self Help Groups, Friend, relatives peer group were the
main source for the credit.

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