FABRICATION OF AN AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER USING SCR

ABSTRACT

The objective of this battery charger explained here controls the charging current by
continuously comparing the terminal voltage of the battery under charge with a constant
reference voltage obtained across a zener diode. In the fully charged condition of the battery the
SCR will be turned OFF automatically and will cut the battery out of the charging circuit. This
will keep the battery healthy by avoiding its overcharging.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

INPUT
SUPPLY

CETRE TAPPED
TRANSFORME RECTIFIER Silicon
R CIRCUIT controlled
rectifier

DIODE Rechargeable
(1N5408) battery

RESISTOR

ZENER
DIODE

EXISTING SYSTEM
 With lithium-ion battery technology, a fully charged EV can travel a distance comparable
to an internal combustion engine vehicle with a full tank of gas, but it still needs to be placed on
a recharger at the end of that time. At present, this means a drained EV will be out of service for
several hours before its fully recharged. Of course, this is a serious disadvantage. In the future,
faster recharging technology may become available, but in the near term, electric cars won't be
the vehicles of choice for long trips. Even so, most driving is done relatively close to home and
for this reason; battery power will serve as well as gasoline power. A possible solution to the
recharging situation may be battery-replacement stations, where instead of recharging your EV
you can simply swap your drained battery for a fully charged one. This system would allow
batteries to be recharged outside of vehicles and would greatly reduce the amount of time
required to get an EV up and running again after its battery is fully discharged.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEMS

 Cost and complexity.

  Electric car batteries are their weight. Because they need to do more than traditional car
batteries, electric car batteries need to be linked together into arrays, or battery packs, to
provide additional power. These collections of batteries are heavy.

 External rechargeable is necessary.

 Time consuming.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

The main objective of the project either designing an automatic battery charger without the use
of the trickle charging arrangement or designing of automatic battery charger with the provision
of trickle charger arrangement based on particular applications.

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

 Automatic battery recharger

 Less weight
  Improving the life of car battery

 Cost in-expensive

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
SCR 1 : 3A, 50 V
SCR 2 : 0.5A, 50V
Driver IC : AMC1200
Capacitor : 470uF (25V); 1000uF; 4700uF
Center Tapped Transformer : 230V/12-0-12 V, 2A T1
Regulators : LM7805; LM7812
Diodes : 1N4000; 1N5408
Zener diode : 1 Z 15
Battery : Rechargeable battery
Resistors : 47ohm
Variable pot : 1K ohm 3W

APPLICATIONS:
 Mobile battery charger.
 Battery charger for vehicles
 Laptop battery charger
 Car battery charger
 Charge stations