Design of shading device

DESIGNING SHADING DEVICE

1. Understand the sun path of the place.

2. Select shading type

Horizontal
Vertical
Egg crate

3. Identify category
Fixed
Adjustable

4. Calculate design dimensions

Understand horizontal and vertical shadow angles
SHADOW ANGLES-
Horizontal shadow angle and Vertical shadow angle

VSA and HSA are both measured from

a line perpendicular to the elevation till
the limit beyond which the sun would be
excluded.

HSA
Characterises a vertical shading device.
It is the difference between the solar
azimuth and wall azimuth.
It's the angle between the normal of the
window pane and the azimuth of the
sun.
VSA
Characterises a horizontal shading
device
It is measured in a vertical plane normal
to the elevation considered.
 SHADOW ANGLES-
Horizontal shadow angle and Vertical shadow angle

HSA= Wall azimuth - Solar

azimuth

tanVSA= tan (altitude)/ cos (HSA)

 SHADOW ANGLES-
Horizontal shadow angle and Vertical shadow angle

Distinction b/w solar altitude angle and vertical shadow angle:

Solar altitude angle gives sun’s position with respect to horizon
Vertical shadow angle describes the performance of shading device.

If:

Solar altitude angle= A

Vertical shadow angle= V
Azimuth difference ( horizontal
shadow angle) = H

Then:

TanV= TanA X SecH

Design of shading device
 Design of shading device

These two angles, HSA and VSA, can then be

used to determine the size of the shading device
required for a window.

If the height value refers to the vertical distance

between the shade and the window sill, then
the depth of the shade and its width from each
side of the window can be determined using
relatively simple trigonometry.

Shade Depth : The depth is given by:

depth = height / tan(VSA)

Shade Width : The width is given by:

width = depth x tan(HSA)
DAYLIGHTING
 Daylighting

Practice of placing windows or other openings and reflective surfaces so that

during the day natural light provides effective internal lighting.

Sources of light:
Light may reach from the sun in the following ways:
Diffused or skylight, through window or opening
Externally reflected light ( by the ground or other buildings)
Internally reflected light from walls, ceilings or other internal surfaces
Direct sunlight, along a straight path from the sun
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

1. Orientation:
Useful daylight (straight
arrows) and unwanted
glare (jagged arrows) on
different faces of a
building.

Therefore, generally
buildings that are longer
on their east-west axis are
better for daylighting and
visual comfort
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

2. Massing:
Buildings can get
daylight into more spaces
by having central
courtyards or atria, or
having other cutouts in
the building form.

Increasing the height of

each storey to allow for
higher windows also
helps pull daylight further
into the building.
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

3. Glazing ratio:
➢ Glazing provides natural daylight but also allows unwanted summer
solar gains and winter heat losses.

➢ The larger the windows the more daylight and solar gain will enter - but
the larger the heat losses will be.

➢ Recommended glazing ratios are generally between 25-50% of the

external wall of the daylight space
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

4. Window height and location:
Windows should be high on the wall, widely distributed and of an
optimum area to achieve adequate daylighting
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

4. Window height
and location:
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

4. Window height
and location:
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

5. Top lighting:
Higher apertures are more effective at bringing light deep into the building. This
often means glazing in roofs.

➢ Roof light areas should be limited to a maximum of 12% of the floor area to
reduce excessive heat losses and gains.
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

5. Top lighting:
 Daylighting

Factors affecting day lighting:

5. Top lighting:
➢ Skylights are domed, horizontal or slightly sloping glazed openings in the
roof.

➢ Monitor lighting can be used to reduce glare, heat gains, and protect
internal spaces from direct sunlight, by providing an opaque roof and
overhang above the glazing.

➢ Saw tooth lighting can reduce Heat gains by tilting roof lights towards the
North in order to utilize diffuse north lighting

➢ Clerestory windows are usually situated at a high level (near the ceiling of
the room) - always above eye level.
They provide an effective source of natural light and ventilation whilst
reducing glare.
 Daylighting

Day light factor:

Due to variability of out-door lighting levels it is difficult ( and perhaps
meaningless) to calculate interior lighting in photometric illumination terms.

Interior daylight has to be considered in terms of external lighting condition,

thus daylight factor is an efficient metric.

Daylight factor (DF)= (E1/E0) X100 (%)

E1=illumination indoors
E0=illumination outdoors from an unobstructed sky

The daylight factor is valid only under over-cast sky conditions when there is
no direct sunlight ( diffused skylight, externally reflected and internally
reflected).
 Daylighting

Day light factor

To assess the effect of a poor or good daylight factor, one might compare the
results for a given calculation against published design guidance (UK
CIBSE Lighting Guide 10 (LG10-1999)

Under 2 – Not adequately lit – artificial lighting is required

Between 2 and 5 – Adequately lit but artificial lighting may be needed part of
the time

Over 5 – Well lit – artificial lighting generally not required, except at dawn
and dusk – but glare and solar gain may cause problems