By: Sonam Dorji

Types of Bond

5. Garden wall bond

• This type of bond is used for the construction of the garden wall,
boundary walls, compound walls where thickness of the wall is one
brick thick and height does not exceed 2m
• Not Strong as English bond but Attractive.
• Three types:
a) Garden wall English bond
b) Garden wall Flemish bond
c) Garden wall Monk bond
 Types of Bond

a) Garden wall English bond

• In this bond, Header course is provided only
after three to five Stretcher courses.
• In each header course, a queen closer is
placed next to quoin header.
• In Stretcher course the quoin header are
placed in alternate course.
 Types of Bond

b. Garden wall Flemish bond

• After every three or four stretchers, one header is

provided in every course.
• Each alternate course contains ¾ brick bat placed next
to quoin header.
 Types of Bond

c. Garden wall Monk bond

• Each course contain one header after two successive stretchers.

• Every alternate course contain quoin header followed by ¾ bat.
• Header rest centrally over the joints of two successive stretchers
• 6.DUTCH BOND
It is a modification over the English bond and consists
of alternate courses of headers and stretchers, except
that every stretcher course starts with a three-quarter
brick
• in every alternate stretcher course in header is placed
after the three quarter brick
7. Raking Bond.
• The walls which are more than two-brick thick
• In this bond the bricks are laid at some inclination to the
face of the wall.

i) Diagonal bond.
This type of bond is employed in walls, which are 2 to 4
thick. In this bond, the face bricks are first laid and then
the bricks are laid diagonally. The inclination of the bricks
should be so adjusted that the bricks may be filled without
cut ting.
(ii) Herring bone bond.
This bond is best suited for walls which are at least 4
bricks thick. In this case, the bricks are laid at an angle of
45° in both directions, commencing from the center line as
shown in
Raking bond pattern of laying bricks is also sometimes
used for laying bricks on the floors.
 Types of brick Partition Walls

• Partition walls are vertical dividers which are made up of brick

and used to separate building internal spaces into rooms and
circulation areas like corridors.

• There are three types of brick partition walls which

include:
• plain brick partition wall,
• reinforced brick partition wall
• brick nogging partition wall.
1. Plain brick partition wall
• It is constructed from plain bricks, and it is common
and cost effective
• The bricks are laid as stretchers in cement mortar.
• Thickness of plain brick partition wall is 10cm or
half a brick.
• Recommended height is maximum 2m for
construction in a day
• It is plastered on both sides
• Strong and fire resistant if the brick wall is
constructed properly
2. Reinforced brick partition wall
• It is similar to plain brick partition but reinforced
brick is much stronger due to the placement of
reinforcements.
• Reinforcements, which is in the form of wire mesh
strips or iron bar, are placed at every third or fourth
course.
• Reinforced wire strip width ranges from 25mm to
28mm and thickness is1.6mm.
3. Brick nogging partition wall
• Brick nogging partition wall consists of brick work built within a
framework of wooden members.
• The timber framework consists of vertical posts (studs). Horizontal
members
• Studs spaced at 60 cm to 150 cm and held in position by nogging
pieces.
• The nogging pieces are housed into the studs at 60 cm to 90cm apart
vertically.
• The wooden framework provide stability to the partition against lateral
loads and vibrations caused due to opening the adjoining door and
windows
• The bricks are commonly laid flat, but they also may be laid on edge
 Cavity Walls Construction

Cavity walls are constructed with two separate walls for

single wall purpose with some space or cavity between
them.
These two separate walls are called as leaves of cavity
wall.
The inner wall is called as internal leaf and outer wall is
called as external leaf. Cavity wall is also called as Hollow
wall
For non-load bearing cavity wall, two leaves are
of equal thickness or sometimes internal leaf with
more thickness is provided.
The cavity size should be in between 4 to 10cm.
The internal and external leaves should have at
least 10mm thickness.
The two leaves are interconnected by metal ties
or links
Advantages of Cavity Walls
Following are the advantages of cavity wall when compared to solid walls.
• Cavity walls give better thermal insulation than solid walls. It is because of the
• space provided between two leaves of cavity walls is full of air and reduces heat
transmission into the building from outside.
• Economically they are cheaper than solid walls.
• Moisture content in outer atmosphere is does not allowed to enter because of
hollow space between leaves. So, they also prevent dampness.
• They also act as good sound insulators.
• They also reduce the weights on foundation because of their lesser thickness.
• Outer Efflorescence is also prevented.
Lintel

A lintel is one type of beam which is utilized to support the

above wall or partition material when openings like doors,
windows,
The primary function of the lintel is to take loads
originating from the high wall and transfer its heap to the
side walls.

The lintel beam generally ends in the masonry wall to

convey the weight carried by them to the masonry walls,
and its width is the same as the wall width.
Types of Lintel
Depending on the costing and availability of materials,
different materials are used for lintel construction. Lintels
are classified into the following types according to the
elements of their development:
1.Timber lintel
2.Stone lintel
3.Reinforced concrete lintel
4.Brick lintel
5.Reinforced brick lintel
6.Steel lintel
Brick lintel
Brick lintels are constructed with hard, well burnt first-
class brick. It can be formed as bricks on end, bricks
on edge, and coursed bricks laid horizontally over
openings.
• This type of lintel is used when the opening is
small (less than 1m) with light loadings.
• Their depth varies from 10 cm (thickness of one
brick) to 20 cm depending upon the span. Bricks
with frogs filled with mortar give more shear
resistance at end joints than the standard blocks.
 Defects in brick masonry

Bricks masonry may develop defects due to the following

reasons
1. Sulphate attack
2. Crystallization of salts from bricks
3. Corrosion of embedded fixtures
4. Drying shrinkage
Assignment 1
QUESTION (5 marks)
Draw a neat diagram for the following each.
Brick bond in-foundation(footing)
-cavity walls
-lintels
-arches
-corbels
-Write at least 5 points about each drawing.