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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Overview ……………………………….. i

Target Learner ……………………………….. i

Objectives ……………………………….. i

Parts of Instruction and

How to Use the Module ……………………………….. ii

Entry Behavior ……………………………….. ii

Pretest ……………………………….. iii

Lesson 1 – THE PHILIPPINE

(GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES)

a. Geographic Features of the country ……………………………….. 1

b. Geographical Foundations ……………………………….. 3
c. Regions ……………………………….. 5
d. Climate ……………………………….. 5
e. Names Given to the Archipelago ……………………………….. 5
f. Theories on the Origin of the
Filipino People ……………………………….. 6
g. Major Cultural Communities ……………………………….. 8
h. Filipinos Values and
Common Traits ……………………………….. 9

Lesson 2 - THE CULTURE OF

THE PHILIPINES BEFORE
SPANISH COLONIZATION

a. Pre-colonial Philippines and

Early Filipino Contacts ……………………………….. 24
b. Mode of Dressing ……………………………….. 24
c. Ornaments ……………………………….. 25
d. Social Classes ……………………………….. 26
e. Government and Politics ……………………………….. 26
f. Laws ……………………………….. 27
g. Religious Belief ……………………………….. 27
h. Burial ……………………………….. 27
i. Education ……………………………….. 28

Assessment ……………………………….. 35
Posttest ……………………………….. 36
 OVERVIEW

The course aims to equip the students in the BEED program a strong
background in local history and culture. This background serves as an avenue for
further inquiry of the available resources in the community for the localization and
contextualization of teaching of elementary subjects. Areas to be studied include
natural heritage of the locality, tangible and intangible culture that are of great
significance to the socio-economic and political activities of the people in the
place. In the end they are expected to come up with the profiling of available
cultural resources in the community.

TARGET LEARNERS

This subject is intended for 2nd year college students. Its primary purpose
is help them become competent elementary teachers of Social Studies.
They will focus not only on the concepts related to Social Studies but also
on the teaching strategies and approaches to teaching it to the elementary
pupils.
The goal is not simply to tell them about what is “out there.” But also, to
expose them to the ideas that allow them to make be proficient in their chosen
field of expertise.
The course will be challenging because most of the materials they will
find are new and unfamiliar. Despite this, the instructor is hoping that the
students will enjoy and gain much in taking up this course.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, the students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate willingness to protect the country’s territory and resources
2. Promote unity among ethnic groups and regions in the Philippines
3. Application of teaching strategies of Culture and Geography thru demo
teaching
4. Describe the local identity of the people and other cultural resources found
in the community
5. React on the issues of decolonization, recolonization and national cultural
hegemony;
6. Make a cultural mapping of the tangible and intangible heritage in a place

i
 PARTS OF INSTRUCTION AND HOW TO USE THE MODULE

This is the new normal for mode of instruction. The module will be use as
a tool for distance learning. It will provide the students an overview of all the
topics covered in this subject. Before answering the different activities, the
students will read the course description and the objectives. After that, they will
answer the pre-test to test their familiarity of the different concepts in this subject
and to know also, if they are in the right track. The students will submit their
answered activities in due time or deadline set by the instructor. There will be
deduction in scores if the students will not comply in the given period of time of
submission. At the end of this module, they will answer the post-test, to make
sure if the students learned in this subject. Lastly, there will be overall evaluation
guided by a standardized rubric. The instructor will allow the students to ask a
question as long as connected to the topic. This is a very crucial moment for both
teacher/instructor and students. Although, this is not the first time to use modules
or internet as a mode of learning but we will use this for the entire semester. It
may be hard for us but, education will continue no matter what. We pray that this
pandemic will last. Thank you and God bless!

ENTRY BEHAVIOR

Before the students will proceed to the lessons, it is expected that they are
equipped with basic concepts of various disciplines in social sciences like
economic, social, political, technology, and other transformations that have
created an increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and
places around the globe The succeeding lessons will introduce them to the major
themes in the study of the world while providing opportunities them to connect
this knowledge with their experiences as a Filipino student.

ii
 PRE-TEST

Multiple Choice. Analyze the following statements carefully. Select the best
answer from the given choices. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. How many islands are there in the Philippines?

A. 7, 101
B. 7,461
C. 7, 641
D. 7, 741
2. What is the 4th largest island of the Philippines?
A. Samar
B. Negros
C. Mindoro
D. Palawan
3. What is the chronological order of the western colonizers in the Philippines?
A. Spain, Britain, America, Japan
B. .America, Spain, Japan, Britain
C. Spain, America, Britain, Japan
D. Britain, Spain America, Japan
4. What is the largest river in the Philippines?
A. Rio Grande de Cagayan
B. Bislak River
C. Palawan underground River
D. Cagayan de oro River
5. Which among the following represents a detrimental aspect of Philippine
culture and society?
A. Palabra de honor
B. Bayanihan
C. Ningas cogon
D. Pakikisama
6. The Filipino indomitable spirit is shown in his
A. Self-reliance
B. Rebelliosness
C. Ability to survive
D. Procrastination
7. Filipino migrant writer whose fiction stories reflect the Filipino’s concept of
American culture?
A. Ambeth Ocampo
B. Bienvenido Santos
C. Jose Villa Garcia
D. Nick Joaquin

iii
8. Who first introduced the Islamic religion to the Philippines?
A. Mukdum
B. Abu Bakar
C. Raja Baguinda
D. Shariff Kabungsuawan
9. What economic policy in 16th century Europe influenced Spains’s expansion is
policy to discover new lands?
A. Merchantilism
B. Menasisism
C. Mechanism
D. Mercantilism
10. Which of the following was NOT a reason for Spain's rule in the Philippines?
A. cultural development
B. spread of Christianity
C. acquisition of resources
D. territorial expansion
11. Who is the supreme God of Cebuano
A. Laon
B. .Bathala
C. Abba
D. Alukbati
12. Who was the first man who led the first circumnavigation of the world?
A. Enrique De Malacca
B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. Sebastian Elcano
D. Marco Polo
13. When did Magellan landed in the Philippine island?
A. March 17,1521
B. March 15, 1521
C. March 16, 1522
D. March 14, 1522
14. Who was the first Governador General of the Philippines during Spanish Era?
A. Magellan
B. Villalobos
C. Legazpi
D. Saavedra
15. Who made the Filipinos adopt Spanish surnames in his Catalogo alfabetico
de appellidos?
A. Narcisco Claveria.
B. Loasiano Cabot
C. Fernando Saavedra
D. Basco De Gama
16. Who was the Gov-Gen to established monopoly of the tabacco?
A. Gov-Gen Legazpi
B. Gov-Gen Claveria
C. Gov-Gen Basco
D. Gov-Gen Villalobos
17. Who named our country as Las islas de Felipinas?
A. Villalobos
B. . Legazpi
C. Basco
D. Magellan
18. What do you call the money as a payment to be exempted from polo?
A. Samboangan
B. Samboagan
C. Tributo
D. Falla
19. The term refers to the class of Filipinos who were free and independent. What
is this?
A. Maharlika
B. Insulares
C. Peninsulares
D. Timawa
20. It is considered as one of the worst eruption of the century that almost affects
the earth’s atmosphere due to its ash falls. What is name of this volcano?
A. Mt. Mayon
B. Mt. Taal
C. Mt. Pinatubo
D. Mt. Apo
21. What position in Spanish political system that was directly governed the
Philippines during Spanish colonization.
A. Gobernadorcillo
B. Bishop
C. Governador General
D. Royal Audiencia
22. What was the proposed name for the islands during Marcos regime to
eliminate the colonial connotation of the country’s present name?
A. Land of the Pearl Island
B. Pearl of the Orient Sea
C. Maharlika
D. Plebians
23. Before migrants crossed the seas from the southern Philippines, there were
already aboriginal settlers in the islands. Who were these?
A. Negritos
B. Malayans
C. Indonesians
D. Indians
24. What is the Filipino trait would have been a beautiful one if it hadn’t been
denuded of nobility by joining the bandwagon of corrupt officials and
politicians
A. Bayanihan
B. Palabra de honor
C. Pakikisama
D. Ningas Cogon
25. What is the city government during the Spanish regime?
A. Pueblo
B. Ayuntamiento
C. Cabeza de ciudad
D. Corrigimientos
26. What province of Mindanao that is known as the first seat of Islam in the
Philippines?
A. Sulu
B. Marawi
C. Maguindanao
D. Cotabato
27. Where is the “rice granary of the Philippines”?
A. Cagayan
B. Nueva Ecija
C. Isabela
D. Zambales
28. What is the forced labor during Spanish period that has no compensation?
A. Polo y servicio
B. Polo de Cambio
C. Servicio el Polo
D. Meritos y Polo
29. Who was known as “Prince of Filipino Publisher?
A. Tomas Pinpin
B. Ambeth Ocampo
C. Jose Villa
D. Jose de la Cruz
30. Who first introduced the Islamic religion to the Philippines?
A. Mukdum
B. Abu Bakr
C. Raja Baguinda
D. Shariff Kabungsuawan
31. Who is Quijano de Martin in Philippine Literature?
A. Nick Joaquin
B. Jose dela Cruz
C. Jose Garcia Villa
D. Jose Rizal
32. What is the parcels of land that were awarded to Spaniards for their loyal
service to the king?
A. Encomienda
B. Dowry
C. Falla
D. Hacienda
33. He was recently awarded national artist for sculpture in 1976. Who is he?
A. Jose Garcia
B. Napoleon Abueva
C. Bienvenito Santos
D. Amado Castrillo
34. The teaching of religion and values mostly make use of what do you call this
process of teaching?
A. Lecture
B. Inculcation
C. Indoctrination
D. Sermon
35. A married man who flirts with someone else other than his wife seems
acceptable but a married woman who flirts another man is condemned. What
is the term of this?
A. Rebelliousness
B. Morality of woman and man
C. Double-Standard Morality
D. Delicadeza
36. To govern is to rule and the government rules by laws. Whose the main duty
is the enforcement of laws?
A. Legislative
B. Military
C. Judiciary
D. Executive
37. Which of the following statement is true?
A. The Philippines has two climate which is the summer and el niño
B. The Philippines is a landlocked area that covers by the sea
C. The uppermost part of the Philippines is so called the saluag
D. The Philippines has long discontinues coastline
38. What is the term when the Spanish who was born in Spain and lived in the
Philippines?
A. Insulares
B. Peninsulares
C. Mesttizos
D. Indio
39. What is the ancient writings of our ancestors?
A. Alitba
B. Baybayin
C. Latin
D. Chavacano
40. What are the reasons why the revolt of the Filipinos to the Spanish regime
was failed?
I. Geographical setting
II. Lack of Excellent Leader
III. No lingua franca
IV. Lack of People
V. Lack of weaponry
VI. Lack in Unity

A. I,II,III,IV,VI
B. VI, V, I,II,III
C. V, III,I,VI,I
D. I,II,III,IV,V

41. What is the longest revolt during Spanish Period?

A. Silang revolt
B. Ricarte revolt
C. Samuroy revolt
D. Dagohoy revolt
42. Dubbed as the “Joan of Arc” of the north. Who is she?
A. Agueda Esteban
B. Gabriela Silang
C. Zamora Escoda
D. Melchora Agoncillo
43. What is the oldest college in Philippines and second oldest in Asia?
A. Cologio de San Juan Letran
B. Universidad de Santo Tomas
C. Universidad de Felipinas
D. Far Eastern University
44. Where was the first mass held?
A. Butuan
B. Cebu
C. Lisamawana
D. Homonhon
45. Who wrote the Doctrina Christiana which is the first ever printed book in the
Philippines?
A. Plancensia
B. Pigafetta
C. Fray Botod
D. Legazpi
 LESSON 1 – THE PHILIPPINE (GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES)

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Describe the physical geography of the Philippines.
2. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of
geographical forms in the Philippines
3. Define the concepts of Philippine geography

https://www.oyorooms.com/

A. Geographic Features of the country

So much has been said about the innate beauty, the grandeur, the pop
and mystery that surround the islands of the Philippine archipelago. And an even
more colorful allusion can be given to its illustrious history.
A basic understanding of the country’s geographical orientations lends
deeper meaning and appreciation of our country’s past. The importance is thus
grounded of the fact Geography leads to developing a sense of place; developing
location skills and understanding the significance of location; understanding the
interaction that transpire between humans and the natural environment through
time; understanding the reasons for, the motivations and the importance of
human migration; and understanding world regions and the interrelated impact of
cultural and global interdependence.

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B. Origin of the Philippine Archipelago

a. Mythological – it is a folklore stories that shared in generations. e.g. the story

of the fight of sea and sky, The story of two giants.
b. Scientific Theories – it is empirical observation and scientific processes to
explain the beginnings of the Philippines. The following are the most
renowned scientific theories on the early beginnings of the archipelago:
 Continental Drift Theory – Alfred Wegener first proposed this theory. He
hypothesized that there was a gigantic supercontinent 200 million years
ago, which named Pangaea, meaning “All-earth”. Time went by, Pangaea
started to break up into two smaller supercontinents, called Laurasia and
Gondwanaland, during Jurassic period. Later on, Alfred Holmes said that
the two continents drifted as a result of pressure caused by volcanic
eruptions in the ridges and in the center of the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic
Ocean. The Philippines now sits on a sup-plate of the Eurasian Plate now
called Philippine Plate.

 Volcanic Eruption Theory – pioneered by Dr. Bailey Willis which stated

that the Philippines came into existence after the eruption of volcanoes
beneath the ocean, after the explosion from the formation of the hardened
lava which came from volcanoes.

 Plate Tectonics Theory – scientists believe that the outer shell of the
earth is made up of thin, rigid plates that move relative to each other.
Tectonic plates are made up of either oceanic or continental crust, and the
very top part of the mantle, which is layer of rock inside the earth.

 The Asiatic Theory – Dr. Leopoldo Faustino, as it is known, states that

islands are formed because of the process of diastrophism.

 Land Bridges Theory – some scientists believe that Philippines used to

be attached to Mainland Asia by land bridges. They theorized that during
the Ice Age or Pleistocene, about 250,000 years ago, the water
surrounding the Philippines receded to about 156 feet below its present
level.

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C. Geographical Foundations

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 It is a unique landform called archipelago
 Philippines came to be a melting pot of different races, cultures and
religions, as migrants from both the West and East found suitable
habitats in each country’s major lands
 Fondly called the “Pearl of the Orient Seas” by the early travelers
and explorers,
 Adventurous trek, famous landforms, rich natural resources
 Composed of 7,641 islands, only 3,144 islands have names.
Largely surrounded by bodies of waters
 Total area approximately 300,000 sq. km. and has length of 1,857
km from the north to south and width of 1,107 km from the west to
east.
 Elongated fragmented. The biggest island is Luzon, followed by
Mindanao 3rd is Samar and 4th is Leyte.
 Y’ami is the northernmost island and Saluag is the southernmost.
 The coastline of the PH is irregular and stretches about 36,289 km
and irregular coastine made the Philippines as good harbor.
 Located between equator and the Tropic of Cancer. Part of
southeast Asia
 Advantage:
 PH boasts of very abundant marine life with numerous
varieties of fishes and aquatic resources which serves also
as source of livelihood for many.
 Tourism that truly a source of pride not the mention
livelihood for the people living in different tourist’s spot in PH
 Being archipelago also means numerous ports which could
facilitate trade and commerce

Disadvantage:
o Difficulty to transport goods from one area to another.
Specially in coastal and mountainous area.
o Hard to defend the country owing to the numerous points of
entry and exit which partly explains why the Philippines has
been colonized in the past.
o Frequent ground for strong and devastating typhoons that
causes massive flooding occasionally. Resulting to some
foreign investors afraid to invest in our country.

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 D. Regions

The Philippines is subdivided into seventeen (17) regions – eight (8)

in Luzon, three (3) in the Visayas, and six (6) in Mindanao. These regions are not
local government units but their existence is primarily for administrative
purposes. Thus in each region, a city is designated as the center where each of
the national government agencies have a regional office.

E. Climate

1. Dry and Hot season from March until May

2. Rainy season in June until November and Cool dry season from
December to February.
3. Seasons are relatively dry rom November to April and wet during the rest
of the year
4. Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed through the year

F. Names Given to the Archipelago

 Ma-I (land of the barbarians) named the Philippines named by the
Chinese early traders
 Tawalisi named by Jose Rizal, on Ptolemy’s map
 “The Archipelago of San Lazaro” named by Ferdinand Magellan when he
rediscovered Philippines
 Las islas Felipinas named by Rui Lopez de Villalobos after the name of
the king of Spain. King Philip II
 Gen. Artemio Ricarte proposed that it be called the Rizalene Republic
 Ferdinand Marcos proposed the name to changed to Maharlika

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G. Theories on the Origin of the Filipino People

a. The Creation Theory – according to the Bible, people on earth

descended from first man and woman created by God – Adam and
Eve. They live in the garden of eden and from them all other people
on earth came. The descendants of these Biblical characters spread
in the different parts of world that presently we know Asia, including
the archipelagos of our country.

b. Myth and Legends – imaginative stories like Malakas at Maganda of

Tagalogs,Silalak and Sikabay in Bisayas,and Bathala baking muds

c. Migration Theory – proposed by Dr. H. Otley Beyer. it is the 3 early

people migrated in the Philippines. They are the AIM:

People Physical Characteristics Living Condition

- Kinky, dark haired and - Nomadic, hunting, fruits
Aeta, Ati, Ita or black skinned pygmies and roots gathering
Negros - - 5 feet tall - Shelters are temporary
Aboriginal - Round black eyes and (NPA)
have flat noses - No government, system of
laws, writing, no arts and
sciences
Indonesians A - Tall, light complexion, high - They lived in organized
nose and thin lips settlements and wore
- Shorter, with dark skin, has clothing and ornaments
Indonesians B large nose and thick lips. - know how to use copper
tools
- had knowledge in
agricultural and mining
- first settled permanently
Malay - Medium in height, brown- - They had writings, music,
skinned, dark eyes, flat arts, and science
noses and with straight
black har.

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 Presently, the migration theory is now being rejected for there are
no definite evidences to support it, archaeologically or historically.

d. The Mainland Origin Hypothesis – proposed by Peter Bellwood.

Stresses that the movement of the immigrants Austronesians,
originated from south China Taiwan until they reached the Philippines,
specifically Batanes. He did not use “migration but instead use
“movement” and the immigrants were Austronesians not as
Australoid-Sakai or Malayo-Indonesians

e. The Island Origin Hypothesis – believes that the pre-colonial

ancient people emerged from an Island in Southeast Asia.

f. Theory of Evolution – vies that peopling of the Philippines is result of

the continuous process of human evolution which have occurred
through the changes in climatic conditions in an area. (e.g The Tabon
man discovered in Palawan Tabon Cave)

g. Core Population Theory – Dr. Landa Jocano states that early

Filipinos came from settlers within the island not from the outside and
in fact our ancestors migrated outside to the nearby islands to spread
our own culture to other lands.

The Theory of Core Population (F.Landa Jocano)

Phases Period Significant Industry Core
Evidence
Formative – the 50,000- Tabon Man Stone toll Industry
culture emerged 500 B.C 24,000- Industry Ceramic
from the adaption 22,000 1. Roughly 1. Pottery
of the people to made 2. Jar Coffin
their environment unpolished 3. Foraging
and more 4. Hunting
generalized and fishing
implements
2. Flaking
3. Polished,
highly
developed
stone tools

7|Page
 Incipient – the 1. A.D- Maitum Metal 1. Metal
communities 14th A.D Pottery Industry mining
especially in 2. Metal
coastal areas, are working
no longer isolated.
3. Weaving
General leveling of
local and regional
4. More
socio-cultural develop
differences pottery

Emergent – 1. A.D – Butuan, a Trading

appearance of 14th A.D. strip of
definable social metal with
organization and inscriptions
certain dominant and
patterns of culture. Calatagan
Maritime pot
transportation
became accessible
and efficient
traders from
different parts of
Asia came for
trading

H. Major Cultural Communities

8|Page
 1. Ilocanos – Akin to the Ibangans and Ivatans, the Ilocano are the
inhabitants of the lowlands and coastal areas of northern Luzon,
Ilocanos are known for their frugality which perhaps attributed to
the hard condition of livelihood and terrain in the area.
2. Bicolanos – originate from the southeastern tip of Luzon known as
Bicolandia or the Bicol region. They are also known for being
deeply religious.
3. The Kapampangan or Capampangan – these people originate
from the Central Plains of Luzon. They are known for culinary
experts.
4. Moros – Moros comprise of various ethno linguistic group in
southern and western Mindanao who have a similar ancestry to
other lowland Filipinos, but whose religion is Islam.
5. Pangasinense – are ninth largest Filipino ethnic group. They
originated form the northwestern seaboard of Luzon.
6. Bisaya – these people are multilingual ethnic group located in the
Visayas and a large part of Mindanao.
7. Tagalog – Tagalog territory stretches from the central plains of
Luzon to islands of Mindoro and Marinduque. The Tagalogs are the
first settlers of Manila. It was chosen as the basis for a national
language in 1937.
8. The Ethnic Groups – There are 100 or so different sea-based or
highland-based tribal groups in the Philippines. Among Filipinos,
they are ones least influenced by western or Islamic cultures. Some
people in this category include the Cordillerano (Igorot), who live in
highlands of Luzon; the Mangyan of Mindoro; the scattered
Negritos including the Aeta in Luzaon and the Ati of Panay; the
tribes of Palawan; the Lumad of Mindanao (including the Manobo,
Tasaday, Mamanwa, Mandaya, and Kalagan); and the Badjau of
Sulu Archipelago.

I. Filipinos Values and Common Traits

1. Close Family Ties – it is known to be a family centered nation with

very close family ties.
2. Bayanihan – tulong tulong para sa pagsulong.
3. Politeness – Filipinos are taught to become respectful individuals.
The use of “po and opo” when in conversation with elders or

9|Page
 someone who is older is a manifestation of how Filipinos respect
their elders.
4. Hospitality – Filipinos are very hospitable when it comes to their
fellowmen. They will invite their visitors to come into their homes
and offer them treats such as snacks and drinks after a long
journey.
5. Gratitude – “utang na loob” is very popular Filipino characteristic.
One does not forget the good deeds that other may have done to
him/her specially at times and great need.
6. Shame – “Hiya” is very common Filipino value. It is said that
Filipinos would go to great lengths in order for one not to be

ashamed. Managbabain ngem no nabartek mangibabain ^)^)

7. Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity – Pinoy’s sense of joy and

humor is evident in their optimistic approach to life and its travails.
The ability to laugh at themselves and their predicament is an
important coping mechanism that contributes to emotional balance
and a capacity to survive.

8. Loyalty – “Pakikisama” is another Filipino value. Filipinos are said

to be loyal to their friends and fellowmen in order to ensure the
peace in the group. (may iba talagang ipinanganak na ahass)

9. Hard work and Industry – it is a widely recognized. Filipinos are

universally regarded as excellent workers who performs well
whether the job involves physical labor and tasks or highly
sophisticated technical functions.

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 10. Resignation and Fatalism – “Bahala na” has been over-used time
and again. This ideal used when a person does not know what to
do or is to lazy to do anything at all. This belief to put fate in God’s
hands may be sign of how religious Filipinos may be at the same
time, it may show that the Filipinos are free-spirited and that they
put their life in fate’s hands.

11. Procrastination – “Maniana Habit” delaying a productive work.

12. Filipino Time – Alam nyo na to!

13. Crab Mentality – Madami diyan sa kapit-bahay nyo.

References:
Halili, C., (2013), Kamalayan; Kultura’t Kasaysayan A College Textbook in Philippine History
Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp Publishing Corp.
Zaide G. (2014), Philippine History and Government. Quezon City, All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc.
PhilAtlas (2019) Regions in the Philippines retrieved from
https://www.philatlas.com/regions.html# on June 19, 2020

SAQ. Why the Philippines has a lot of earthquake, typhoons

and other natural calamities?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Let’s look at how you did…..

ASAQ.
If you answered: Because the Philippines is belong to Pacific
Ring of Fire where in this place are prone in many different
natural calamities like earthquake, tsunami, strong typhoons
etc., then you are correct. If you missed it, you may need to go
back and study again the lesson.

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 ACTIVITIES

Activity A. Regions of the Philippines

Instruction: Fill the table. Give what is the description, land area, climate
and components in a particular regions in the Philippines.

Region Description Land Climate Components

Area
Example only “ The window 636 sq. Dry from Cities: Manila,
National Capital to the world” km. January to Paranaque, Las
Region (NCR May Rainy Pinas,
during June Muntinlupa,
to Pasig, Pasay,
December Taguig, Makati,
Mandaluyong,
San Juan,
Quezon City,
Marikina,
Malabon,
Navotas,
Valenzuela
Municipality:
Pateros

Cordillera Provinces Only:

Administrative
Region (CAR)

Region I Ilocos Provinces Only:

Region

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Region II Cagayan Provinces Only:
Valley

Region III Central Provinces Only:

Luzon

Region IV A Provinces Only:

CALABARZON

Region IV B Provinces Only:

MIMAROPA

Region V Bicol Provinces Only:

Region

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Region VI Western Provinces Only:
Visayas

Region VII Central Provinces Only:

Visayas

Region VIII Eastern Provinces Only:

Visayas

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Region IX Western Provinces Only:
Mindanao

Region X Northern Provinces Only:

Mindanao

Region XI Southern Provinces Only:

Mindanao

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Region XII Central Provinces Only:
Mindanao

Region XIII Provinces Only:

CARAGA

BARMM Provinces Only:

Bangsamoro
Autonomous Region
in Muslim Mindanao

Activity B. West Philippine Sea Problem.

Is there a possibility that the Philippines will claim again the Spratlys
Island from China’s reclamation? How? Give your opinion. It must be
direct to the point.

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Exercises. FACTS
Instruction: Research and list at least 35 famous landmarks, animals,
plants, things that are uniquely found in the Philippines and give them a
brief description. Make a separate sheet and attach in this module.

Ex. Tarsier – smallest primate in the world.

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 Mayon Volcanoe – it is perfectly coned shape volcano

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Activity. Where do I like to go after this Pandemic?

Instruction: Crop your picture and paste that in a place where you like to go
(only in the Philippines and must be tourist spots) after this pandemic as your
background. Tell what place is that and explain why you choose to go there.

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Paste your Photo Here
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Classroom Activity. Traditional Teaching

Instruction: Find or make visual aids for Philippine Geography like (globe, maps,
national heritage photos, flash cards, compass etc. After that take a picture and
explain how to deliver to your pupils using that tools or visual aids.

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Paste picture here
Paste picture here

Paste picture here

Paste picture here

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 Paste picture here

Paste picture here

LESSON 2 – THE CULTURE OF THE PHILIPINES BEFORE SPANISH COLONIZATION

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

4. Classify the major pre-cultural development.
5. Identify the original traits and practice of Filipinos

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 6. Discuss the early international relations of the Philippines
7. Define the pre-colonial Filipino way of life.

This topic gives us a deeper understanding of the Pre-colonial culture of

the early Filipinos and lends credibility to claim that the Filipinos were already
civilized and not barbaric savages even before the coming of the colonizers.

The Three Age System:

https://galaxytype123.weebly.com/

1. Prehistory – This period is characterized as the use of a large stone tool

exhibited no retouching or deliberate sharpening of their edges.

2. Neolithic – this is characterized by more polished weapons and tolls from

stone and flint are being used. Also, the discovery of planting
domestication of animals, ground stone edges, pottery and horticulture.

3. Metal – the discovery of metals. Cooper and bronze were the earliest
metals found in the Philippines particularly in Palawan. This period is also
characterized not only by metal implements but also by glass beads and
gold ornaments.

A. Pre-colonial Philippines and Early Filipino Contacts

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 Filipinos had a civilization of their own before the coming of the
Spaniards, so Filipino doesn’t deserve to call barbaric Philippine pre-
colonial society is both different and the same as in the present. Some
aspects of the pre-colonial period have survived into our time. The
following is a description of the way of life of pre-colonial. And also the last
part is the early Filipino contacts to other countries.

B. Mode of Dressing

In the book, History of the Filipino People, the scholar historian,

Agoncillo, Teodoro gave the following as to the exact accounts of Filipino
pre-colonial culture.

 The male was composed of the Kanggan (sleeveless jacket) and

bahag (loincloth)

 The color of the kanggan indicates rank – red for the chief, black or
blue for the commoners.

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  The men also wear a turban putong, which also suggests the social
status/ achievements of the individual wearing it. The female attire
consisted of baro or camisa (jacket with sleeves) and saya or
patadyong (a long skirt); some women wore a piece of red or white
cloth on top of their skirt called tapis.

C. Ornaments

https://www.pep.ph/

 Both men and women wore ornaments to look attractive.

 It is aid that both wear kalumbiga, pendats, bracelets, and leglets
which ornaments were made of gold some wore gold fillings
between the teet tattoos were also were also fashionable for some
pre-colonial Filipinos.
 Visayan were the most tattoed among ancient Filipinos. When the
Spaniards came, they called the former as pintados.

D. Dwellings

 Early Filipinos built houses to suit the tropical climate.

 The people in the plains make dwellings called bahay kubo,
made of wood, bamboo, and nipa pal; it was built on stilts and
can entered through ladders that can be drawn up
 Kalingas, mandayas and Bagobos built their houses on treetops
while others, such as the Badjaos, built their houses on the
boats.

E. Social Classes (you may also open this link

https://slideplayer.com/slide/10323354/

Tagalogs Visayans
1. Aliping Namamahay – has 1. Tumataban – worked for
a family and house of his his/her when summoned to

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 own, do so
2. Aliping Sagigilid – has no 2. Tumarampuk – worked one
property at all, and has to day his/her master
seek permission to his/her 3. Ayuey – worked three days
master if he/she wants to for his/her master
marry

 Women enjoyed more rights and considered equal to the men.

They are allowed to inherit properties and position in the
barangay,
 The head of the religion is a lady priest or the Catalona in Luzon
and Babaylan in Visayas being the head of the religion, the datu
is asking advice to the Babaylan in times of wars and other
important activity in the barangay.
 The Babaylans/Catalona can heal, ask for the bounty harvest
and predict events.

F. Marriage Customs

 Pamumulungan/Pamamalae – a courtship right before a

marriage
Muslim (stages):
1. Panalanguni (betrothal)
2. Pedsungod (settlement of dowry)
3. Pegkawing (wedding festival)
 Bigay-kaya/dowry consists of land, gold, or dependents.

G. Government and Politics

 The chieftain/datu/rajah exercised all the functions of

government. Executive, Legislative (with the help of Maginoos,
Judiciary (with the help of elders)
 Barangay: consisted of 30 to 100 families

H. Laws
 Early Filipinos laws is either customary (handed down from
generation to generation orally) or written (promulgated from
time to time as necessity arose).
 There are laws that dealt with various subjects such as
inheritance, property rights, divorce, usury, family relations,
divorce, adoption, loans, etc.

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  If ever there were those found guilty of crimes were punished
either by fine or by death
 Some punishments can be considered as torture by modern
standards however, it must be noted that ancients did not
believe in endangering society by letting loose a gang of thieves
of recidivists who are incapable of reform.

I. Trial by Ordeal
 By boiling water
 River ordeal
 Combat like bultong

J. Religious Belief – Animism is the religion of early Filipinos.

https://www.aswangproject.com/

K. Burial
 Morotal (mourning of a woman)
 Maglahi (mourning of a man)
 Laraw (mourning of a chieftain)
 Pasiyam ( ninth day of death was celebrated)

L. Economic Life
 Piloncitos (considered as t first monetary system of the country)

M. Education
 Baybayin or Alibata : 17 letters (3 vowels, 14 consonants)
Artifacts depicting other writing systems:
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 1. Calatagan Earthenware Pot (Batangas)
2. Butuan Silver Paleograph
3. Laguna Copperplate (is about a clearance of dept)

N. Early Filipino Contacts

The early trades of the Filipino to other countries are:

1. Hindus
2.Chinese
3. Japanese
4. Arabs

SAQ. Why the Philippines is a unique country in Asia?

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Let’s look at how you did…..

ASAQ.
If you answered: The Philippines is the only majority Christian
nation in Asia and also the mixed culture of eastern and western
countries, then you are correct. If you missed it, you may need
to go back and study again the lesson.

Activity. Philippine Mythology

Instruction: Follow the steps below

a. First step. List the different gods and goddesses of Philippine mythology
and their description using the table below:

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 Gods/goddesses Classificatio Description
n
Example . 1. Bathala Good deity - The supreme god of
ancient Filipinos

b. Second step. Choose 1 god/goddess and make a poem that is connected

to that god. Format will be 4 lines by 5 stanzas. Write your answer on the
space provided. (I prefer using tagalog because it is the medium of
instruction in Elementary Level.)
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c. The teacher must be creative and innovative. The next step, search your
chosen god in the internet and portray that god by making your own
costume. Don’t go outside to buy materials. You should look inside your
house ONLY.

d. For your presentation of your costume, (you will record it in video.)

Introduce who’s that god, what is the description, powers, rituals etc. and
read or memorize the poem that you’ve made.

Rubrics of Costume and Video Presentation

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Points
Creativity
Costumes have Costumes use Costumes are Costumes are
rich, attractive fairly attractive somewhat unattractive,
patterns that are patterns and unappealing to messy, and
both pleasing to are relatively the eye and are lack functional
the eye as well functional. not very
as functional. functional.
Appropriate for
characters Costumes fit Costumes Costumes fit Costumes
perfectly to a mostly fit the the characters seem randomly
vision of the characters and somewhat, but designed and
characters in the needs of the there are some do not reflect
the play. play. misses. the needs of
the playl.
Concept The video The video The video The video does
clearly demonstrate demonstrates a not
demonstrates a key concepts previous demonstrate a
key concept. concept clear concepts

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 Design The quality and The quality and The quality and The quality and
materials in the materials in the materials in the materials in the
video are very video video lacked video are not
well organized adequately some organized and
and organized and organization lack clarity.
understandable somewhat clear and 50% clear
Final Product Final product Final product Final product I Final product
looks looks decent required more looks unrefined
professional and and the revisions and and the
the concepts concepts were the concepts concepts were
were visibly somewhat were not clearly not
demonstrated demonstrated. demonstrated demonstrated
TOTAL

Activity 2.2 Provide a short narrative of the influences of the following to

Filipino culture.

a) Hindus
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b) Chinese
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 ________________________________________________________
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c) Arabs
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CLASS ROOM APPLICATION

They said Araling Panlipunan is one of the boring subjects. Now, as a

teacher of Elementary grades in the future, (search from the internet or browse
any book) what are what are the different strategies of teaching would you like to
use so that your subject matter will become interesting to your learners? Explain
why you think that strategy is effective. Write your answer on the space provided.
You may include images from the internet (you must put your references)
Remember, your subject matter is Culture and Geography of the Philippines and
your pupils are grade 5 and 6. Provide pictures.

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________________________________________________________________
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Paste images here with references

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 ASSESSMENT

SONG WRITING
Instruction: Compose a song about the beauty of the Philippines. I will allow you
to adopt a tune from other song but please you must credit the original
composer.
RUBRICS FOR SONG WRITING
4 3 2 1
Criteria Exemplary Satisfactory Fair Poor Score

Lyrics
The song lyrics are The song lyrics are The song lyrics The song lyrics
outstanding. The good. The words are some what are not coherent.
words memorable. memorable. The coherent. The The words not
The song lyrics are song lyrics are song lyrics are memorable.
enthusiastically enthusiastically well received by
received by the received by the the audience.
audience. audience.
Creativity
The student The student The song The song
composed an composed an composed is not composed is not
original song with a original song but very original, but very original. The
clear theme. there are some there are some message is not
elements that are elements that are conveyed.
not excellent.. not excellent..
Information
The writer The writer The writer The writer
expressed factual expressed factual expressed factual expressed factual
information and information in a information in information in
incorporated at creative manner manner that manner that
least three and incorporated 2 showed little effort. showed no effort
problems and one problems and a The performance
solution in a solution showing of the song did not
creative manner, acceptable effort. meet
showing The performance expectations.
acceptable effort. of the song meet
The performance expectations.
of the song was
excellent.

Relevance to The themes are The theme from The theme from The theme from
the Theme clearly explained the composition is the composition is the composition is
and relevant explained but not clearly totally not
specific details as explained and explained and
evidence that specific evidence
support this theme that supports this
are not provided. claim is not
provided.
TOTAL

POSTTEST

1. How many islands are there in the Philippines?

A. 7, 101
B. 7,461
C. 7, 641
D. 7, 741
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2. What is the 4th largest island of the Philippines?
A. Samar
B. Negros
C. Mindoro
D. Palawan
3. What is the largest river in the Philippines?
A. Rio Grande de Cagayan
B. Bislak River
C. Palawan underground River
D. Cagayan de oro River
4. Which among the following represents a detrimental aspect of Philippine
culture and society?
A. Palabra de honor
B. Bayanihan
C. Ningas cogon
D. Pakikisama
5. The Filipino indomitable spirit is shown in his
A. Self-reliance
B. Rebelliosness
C. Ability to survive
D. Procrastination
6. Filipino migrant writer whose fiction stories reflect the Filipino’s concept of
American culture?
A. Ambeth Ocampo
B. Bienvenido Santos
C. Jose Villa Garcia
D. Nick Joaquin
7. Who first introduced the Islamic religion to the Philippines?
A. Mukdum
B. Abu Bakar
C. Raja Baguinda
D. Shariff Kabungsuawan
8. Who is the supreme God of Cebuano
A. Laon
B. Bathala
C. Abba
D. Alukbati
9. Who was the first man who led the first circumnavigation of the world?
A. Enrique De Malacca
B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. Sebastian Elcano
D. Marco Polo
10. Who named our country as Las islas de Felipinas?
A. Villalobos
B. Legazpi
C. Basco
D. Magellan
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11. The term refers to the class of Filipinos who were free and independent. What
is this?
A. Maharlika
B. Insulares
C. Peninsulares
D. Timawa
12. It is considered as one of the worst eruption of the century that almost affects
the earth’s atmosphere due to its ash falls. What is name of this volcano?
A. Mt. Mayon
B. Mt. Taal
C. Mt. Pinatubo
D. Mt. Apo
13. Where is the “rice granary of the Philippines”?
A. Cagayan
B. Nueva Ecija
C. Isabela
D. Zambales
14. Which of the following statement is true?
A. The Philippines has two climate which is the summer and el niño
B. The Philippines is a landlocked area that covers by the sea
C. The uppermost part of the Philippines is so called the saluag
D. The Philippines has long discontinues coastline
15. What is the ancient writings of our ancestors?
A. Alitba
B. Baybayin
C. Latin
D. Chavacano
16. The following are the influences from Chinese culture expect.
A. Umbrellas
B. Textiles
C. Wearing white shirts
D. gunpowder
17. Before migrants crossed the seas from the southern Philippines, there were
already aboriginal settlers in the islands. Who were these?
A. Negritos
B. Malayans
C. Indonesians
D. Indians
18. What is the Filipino trait would have been a beautiful one if it hadn’t been
denuded of nobility by joining the bandwagon of corrupt officials and
politicians
A. Bayanihan
B. Palabra de honor
C. Pakikisama
D. Ningas Cogon

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19. A married man who flirts with someone else other than his wife seems
acceptable but a married woman who flirts another man is condemned.
What is the term of this?
A. Rebelliousness
B. Morality of woman and man
C. Double-Standard Morality
D. Delicadeza
20. Which branch of social science that deals with the study space in the earth?
A. Economics
B. Geography
C. History
D. Sociology and Anthropology

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