Received: 2 July 2019 Revised: 28 October 2019 Accepted: 10 November 2019

DOI: 10.1002/mmce.22051

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mutual coupling reduction in planar Yagi antenna array

using bidirectional absorbing metasurface

Ziyu Xu | Zheng Zhao | Qisheng Zhang | Shichu Yan | Linyan Guo |

Zhengwei Yang | Minjie Guo | Ziye Wang

School of Geophysics and Information

Technology, China University of
Abstract
Geosciences, Beijing, P. R. China An effective method for reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna
arrays using a bidirectional absorbing metasurface is proposed in this article.
Correspondence
Linyan Guo, School of Geophysics and This is achieved by embedding the bidirectional absorbing metasurface
Information Technology, China between the two planar Yagi antennas. The metasurface is mainly composed
University of Geosciences, Beijing,
of 3 × 6 unit cells. Each unit cell includes three-layer metal rings and two-layer
100083, P.R.China.
Email: guoly@cugb.edu.cn dielectric slabs. Since the front and back of the metasurface are completely
consistent, a bidirectional absorptivity can reach to 86% or more. Using the
Funding information
the Fundamental Research Funds for the
proposed metasurface, the mutual coupling at the resonance point can be
Central Universities from China., Grant/ reduced to about 38 dB. And it has little effect on other performances of the
Award Number: 53200759019; the Yagi antennas. Moreover, the proposed metasurface can improve the radiation
National Natural Science Foundation of
China, Grant/Award Numbers: 41574131,
performance of the antenna array, and make it have a smaller back lobe and a
41704176; the National Key Research and larger front-to-back ratio.
Development Program of China, Grant/
Award Number: 2017YFF0105704

1 | INTRODUCTION
Antennas are widely used in radio systems such as com-
munications, broadcasting, television, and radar, and
they play an important role in spreading electromagnetic
waves. It is an indispensable device for effectively radiat-
ing and receiving electromagnetic waves. With the rapid
development of antenna technology, more and more
antenna research directions have been proposed, and
array antennas are one of them. The antenna array shows
a better radiation performance than a single antenna.
However, when the antenna elements in the array are
close to each other, the elements inevitably interact with
each other, so that the performance of the antenna is
degraded.1 It is contrary to the actual requirements.
Therefore, it is important to effectively restrain the
mutual coupling between the antenna arrays.
Suppressing mutual coupling between the antenna ele-
ments by using the neutralization line,2-4 the defective gro-
und structure,5,6 electromagnetic band gap structure,7-9
and the parasitic branch method10,11 are the most common
methods. They mainly restrain the current path, form a
band-stop filter to suppress the propagation of surface
waves, and generate reverse coupling to achieve the pur-
pose of reducing the mutual coupling. Since 2001, Shelby
et al12 have produced a double-negative material with a
negative permittivity and a negative permeability in the
microwave band, and more and more electromagnetic
metamaterials have become the focus of attention. The arti-
ficial electromagnetic material, which is a composite of
metal and dielectric slab, has different electromagnetic
properties from those of natural media and it is widely
used in many fields. Among them, the perfect absorption
of electromagnetic waves is one of the important branches.
The use of metamaterial/metasurface to reduce the mutual
coupling between antenna elements is also used in Refer-
ences 13 and 14.
However, most of the perfect metamaterial absorbers15-17
have a single-sided structure and the other side is a con-
tinuous metal film. The all-metal surface makes it have a

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng. 2019;e22051. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mmce © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 1 of 10
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.22051
2 of 10 XU ET AL.

transmission of 0 and a low reflection, so that a high

absorptivity can be achieved. But this can only achieve
unidirectional absorption of electromagnetic waves. It has
largely limited the application of metamaterial absorbers.
Therefore, this study proposed a bidirectional absorbing
metasurface that can work at 4.92 GHz. To verify the per-
formance of the metasurface, this study selects a planar
Yagi antenna array as the original array and placed the
proposed metasurface between the arrays as an improved
array. The results show that the mutual coupling of the
antenna after adding the metasurface is significantly
reduced, and the radiation performance of the whole
antenna is improved to some extent.
Section 1.1 mainly introduces the design of the bidi-
rectional absorbing unit cell and its working principle.
Section 1.2 analyzes the specific dimensions and place-
ment of the proposed planar Yagi antenna and meta-
surface. To verify the performance of the proposed
F I G U R E 1 Unit cell of bidirectional absorber: A, front
metasurface, the simulated and measured results of the
view; B, side view; C, 3D view
antenna are analyzed and discussed in Section 1.3.
Finally, the proposed metasurface and antenna are sum-
marized in Section 2. TABLE 1 Dimensions of bidirectional absorber unit cell
(unit: mm)

Lu Wu R r h h1
1.1 | Bidirectional absorber unit cell
10 10 4.78 4.438 1.6 0.05
design

The metamaterial absorber proposed in this article is a

three-layer metal ring structure, and each of the two
metal rings are separated by a dielectric layer, as shown
in Figure 1. The front view and the side view of the unit
cell are presented in Figure 1A,B, respectively. As can be
seen from the figure, the size of the whole unit cell is
10 mm × 10 mm, and the material of the dielectric plate
is FR4 with thickness h = 1.6 mm. Its relative dielectric
constant is 4.3, and the loss tangent is 0.025. The metal
ring of each layer is composed of copper of equal size and
thickness h1 = 0.05 mm. Its electrical conductivity is
5.8 × 107 S/m. The boundary condition settings of the
unit cell are shown in Figure 1C. To compute the
S parameters and absorptivity of the proposed unit cell,
perfect electrical conductor and perfect magnetic conduc-
tor boundary conditions are assigned in the yOz- and
xOz-plane, respectively. And the wave is incident on xOy-
plane. The metal ring structure can generate electrical
resonance for vertically incident electromagnetic waves,
thereby achieving electrical coupling to electromagnetic
waves. The metal structure between the different layers
can form a ring current, which generates magnetic reso-
nance and achieves the purpose of magnetic coupling to
the electromagnetic wave. Changing the size of the metal
rings and the thickness of the dielectric slab, the fre-
quency and absorbing strength of the electromagnetic
resonance of the unit cell can be adjusted. The final
dimensions of the unit are shown in Table 1.
To demonstrate the microwave absorptivity, a full-
wave EM simulation has been performed based on CST
Microwave Studio. The reflection coefficient (S11), trans-
mission coefficient (S21), and absorptivity are presented
in Figure 2. Since the structure is completely symmetrical
in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, the
result of electromagnetic waves incident along port1 and
port2 is also identical. Therefore, Figure 2 only shows the
results of port1 incidence as a discussion. It could be
observed from Figure 2 that there is a strong resonance at
the frequency of 4.92 GHz. When the electromagnetic
wave is incident on the unit cell surface, it can neither
transmit effectively nor reflect well, thereby achieving a
good absorption effect on the electromagnetic wave.
According to the formula A(ω) = 1 − |S11|2 − |S21|2, it is
calculated that when the reflectivity and transmissivity
are simultaneously minimized, so the absorptivity is the
largest, which can reach 86% or more. Since the effects in
both directions are the same, a good absorptivity in both
directions can be achieved.
Changing the number of layers to calculate the
absorptivity can be used to determine the number of
layers of the absorber unit cell. Different absorptivity
XU ET AL.
values of two-layer metal ring, three-layer metal ring,
and four-layer metal ring are plotted in Figure 3. For the
sake of miniaturization, five or more layers of metal rings
are not considered. It can be noticed from the figure that
FIGURE 2 Unit cell S-parameter (in linear) and absorptivity
FIGURE 3 Effect of different layers on absorptivity
FIGURE 4 Surface current distribution of the unit-cell metal ring: A, first layer; B, second layer; C, third layer
3 of 10
the absorptivity of the two-layer metal ring is only about
50%, and its resonance frequency is shifted to the high
frequency. The absorptivity of the four-layer metal ring is
slightly higher by 1% than that of the three-layer metal
ring. Combined with the need for miniaturization, the
three-layer metal ring is determined to be the final
design.
The surface current distribution of the unit cell at
4.92 GHz, which has the highest absorptivity of the elec-
tromagnetic wave, is shown in Figure 4. This figure can
well explain the electromagnetic resonance mechanism
of the unit cell. When the electromagnetic wave is inci-
dent perpendicular to the surface of the unit cell, under
the action of a parallel electric field, the upper half of the
first metal ring in Figure 4A and the upper half of the
second metal ring in Figure 4B generate opposite cur-
rents. Similarly, the surface current in the lower halves of
the first layer and the second layer are also opposite. The
opposite surface current flowing on the metal ring, plus
the displacement current in the medium, forms a current
ring, which generates a magnetic dipole resonance along
the y-axis. Therefore, the currents in the upper half of the
metasurface are equivalent to a magnetic dipole in the
y direction, and the currents in the lower half also have
an equivalent magnetic dipole in the y direction. The two
magnetic dipoles are in the same direction as the incident
wave's magnetic field, which indicates that the external
magnetic field causes the absorption effect. Besides, the
two magnetic dipoles in the y directions are sup-
erimposed and the magnetic response is enhanced, so
that there is a high absorptivity.
It can be seen from Figure 4C that the current arrows
on the third layer are consistent with the second layer,
but the current intensity on the third layer is weak The
equivalent current obtained by superimposing the cur-
rents of the second and third layers interacts with the
current of the first layer to generate magnetic dipoles
along the y-axis. Since the current intensity of the second
and third layers is stronger than that of the second layer
4 of 10
FIGURE 5 A, Planar Yagi antenna; B, Yagi antenna array 3D view
alone, the resonance of the three-layer rings is stronger
than that of the two-layer rings. So, the absorbing effect
of the three layers in Figure 3 is significantly better than
that of the two layers. In addition, the distance between
the equivalent current and the current of the first layer is
greater than the distance between the second layer alone
and the first layer, that is, the displacement current path
increases, so the resonance frequency of the equivalent
magnetic dipole moves toward the lower frequency. As
shown in Figure 3, the three-layer metal structure
metamaterial has a lower resonant frequency than the
two-layer structure. As for the case of the four-layer rings,
the current of the fourth layer is much weaker. Its contri-
bution to the magnetic dipole is not obvious, so the
absorbing efficiency is not significantly improved com-
pared with the three-layer rings.
1.2 | Planar Yagi antenna array with
proposed metasurface
Yagi antenna, the common end-fire antenna, is used as
an example to verify the absorption effect of the proposed
metasurface. The basic planar Yagi antenna design is
shown in Figure 5A. The antenna consists of a microstrip
feed line, drivers, a reflector, and three similarly direc-
tors. The antenna is fed by the microstrip feed line.
Among them, the drivers are symmetrically distributed
on the top and bottom of the dielectric slab. For clarity,
microstrip feed line, the driver, and directors on the top
layer of the dielectric slab in Figure 5A are shown in yel-
low, and the driver and reflector on the bottom layer of
XU ET AL.
TABLE 2 Specific dimensions of Yagi antenna (unit: mm)
Lant Want L1 L2 L3 W1
40 40 18 18.5 1.5 4
W2 W3 d1 d2 d3
2.2 8 3.9 2 3.3
the dielectric slab are marked as orange. The dielectric
slab is made of 0.8-mm-thick FR4 and the metal is
0.05-mm-thick metal copper. The parameters of the
antenna are designed with an initial frequency of 5 GHz,
and the preliminary size of the antenna is determined
according to the design principle of the Yagi antenna.
Then use CST Microwave Studio to simulate and opti-
mize the model to get the specific size of the final
antenna, as shown in Table 2.
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the pro-
posed metasurface in this study for mutual coupling
reduction, a two-element Yagi antenna array displayed in
Figure 5B is taken as an example in this study for illustra-
tion purpose. In order to form an array, the Yagi antenna
is arrayed in the z-axis direction. In this case, the space
between is chosen as 0.5λ, and λ is the wavelength of the
resonant frequency in the vacuum, as depicted in
Figure 5B. Due to the close spacing, there will be a strong
mutual-coupling phenomenon. This causes the two
antennas to interact with each other and the decreases
related performance of the antenna element.
To effectively improve the isolation between the
antennas, the absorber unit cell design in the previous
section is combined to form a 3 × 6 unit cell bidirectional
XU ET AL.
F I G U R E 6 Metasurface design and
placement: A, metasurface dimensions,
loaded metasurface antenna's views: B, 3D
view; C, front view; D, side view
absorbing metasurface, as illustrated in Figure 6A. The
size of the metasurface is 30 × 60 mm2. The proposed
metasurface is placed in the middle of the planar Yagi
antenna array, and its placement is shown in
Figure 6B. It is apparent from the front view of Figure 6C
that the center of the metasurface is slightly lower than
the center of the two antennas. As can be seen from
Figure 6D, the height difference between the base line of
the antenna and the metasurface is H = 9.5 mm.
According to the side view of Figure 6D, the distance
between the proposed metasurface and the two front and
rear Yagi antennas is equal, both being 13.4 mm. There-
fore, it has the same effect on the interaction between the
antennas.
1.3 | Analysis and discussion of results
The proposed Yagi antenna and metasurface were fabri-
cated and measured to verify the proposed method in this
article. The prototypes of the fabricated antennas are dis-
played in Figure 7. The antenna prototype was built on a
0.8-mm-thick FR4 substrate with loss tangent = 0.025
and 0.05-mm copper on both sides. The proposed meta-
surface consisted of two types of FR4 with a thickness of
1.6 mm. One type has a ring on both sides, and one type
has a ring on only one side. The two combinations get
the final designed metasurface. The two antennas without
5 of 10
a metasurface are separated by a 30-mm-thickness foam, as
shown in Figure 7A. The two antennas are separated from
the metasurface by a 13.4-mm-thick foam to obtain an
antenna with a metasurface, as shown in Figure 7B. The
antenna is fixed and tested with foams. Both sides of the
foam are glued together with the antennas and the meta-
surface using nonconductive glue. Since the glue is trans-
parent, only the foam can be seen.
This section will discuss and analyze some parame-
ters of the antenna. The simulated and measured
S-parameters are shown in Figure 8. Simulated and mea-
sured S-parameters without adding the metasurface are
presented in Figure 8A and the results with metasurface
are shown in Figure 8B. Due to the inevitable error in the
assembly of the antenna and the effect of the foam on the
antenna, the resonance frequency of the antenna is
slightly offset, and the resonance intensity is somewhat
reduced. But in general, the experimental and simulation
results are in good agreement. The decoupling effect is
also very significant. Comparing Figure 8A,B, we can find
that adding metasurface can effectively reduce the
mutual coupling between the antenna elements while
having little effect on return loss (S11). It can be seen
from the two figures that adding the metasurface can
cause S21 to drop significantly at the resonance point,
from about −17 dB to about −55 dB, and the degree of
decline can reach about 38 dB in simulated results, and
then declined about 28 dB in the measured results. The
6 of 10
FIGURE 8 Simulated S-parameters: A, without metasurface; B, with metasurface
results show that the proposed bidirectional absorbing
metasurface can effectively improve the isolation
between the antenna arrays. Because the antennas and
the metasurface are completely symmetrical, the results
on the port2 side are completely similar. For brevity, it is
not described here.
This study uses the exhaustive method when design-
ing metasurfaces. The design criterion of this study is to
maximize coupling reduction of two antennas while
ensuring the antenna's operating band and end-fired
radiation performance. Therefore, we need to optimize
the size of the metasurface's unit cell and the height dif-
ference H. Limited by the size of the antenna array, the
number of rows and columns of the unit cells of the
metasurface is an integer. This allows us to perform
parameter optimization in a limited searching space, and
the computational complexity of exhaustive search is
acceptable.
Firstly, as an important decoupling component to
reduce coupling, the dimensional design of the meta-
surface is especially critical. The metasurface, however,
has a thickness much smaller than the wavelength and
has the transverse dimensions much larger than the
XU ET AL.
F I G U R E 7 Prototype of the
antenna: A, without metasurface; B, with
metasurface
wavelength.18 In practical applications, a small-sized
metasurface composed of a limited number of unit cells
is generally used. Under the premise of keeping the meta-
surface and the antenna height difference H constant, the
number of rows and columns of the metasurface are
changed, respectively. Different from the infinity meta-
surface, the small-size metasurface composed of the same
unit cell has the different absorbing effect under different
dimensions and different boundary conditions. And this
also has a different impact on the S21 of the antenna
array. To specify this, the S21 of the antennas with differ-
ent sizes of metasurface are shown in Figure 9.
As can be seen from Figure 9A, no matter the number
of rows is increased or reduced, the degree of mutual cou-
pling between the antennas is not significantly reduced
except where the number of rows is 3, so that the 3 rows
is a better choice. After determining the number of rows,
change the number of columns in turn. It can be noticed
from Figure 9B that as the number of columns increases
from 4 to 6, the degree of decoupling becomes better
upon increasing the number of columns. However, when
the number of columns is 7, the degree of decoupling is
also inferior than the number of columns is 6. At the
XU ET AL. 7 of 10

FIGURE 9 S-parameters of different sizes of metasurface: A, change the number of rows; B, change the number of columns

TABLE 3 Gain comparison

Gain (dB)

Without metasurface 6.99

With metasurface H = 9.5 mm 2 × 6 unit cell 7.07
3 × 6 unit cell 7.28
4 × 6 unit cell 6.36
3 × 4 unit cell 7.19
3 × 5 unit cell 7.14
3 × 7 unit cell 6.91
3 × 6 unit cell H = −5 mm 6.72
H = 0 mm 6.86
H = 6 mm 7.16
H = 9.5 mm 7.28
FIGURE 10 S-parameters of different heights' metasurface
H = 12 mm 7.22

same time, combined with the requirements of miniaturi-

zation, the number of columns selected is 6. Therefore,
the size of the metasurface is finally selected to be 3 × 6
unit cell.
In addition to the size of the metasurface, the place-
ment of its position also affects the decoupling ability of
the antenna. The metasurfaces are loaded between the
proposed Yagi antennas after obtaining the most optimal
metasurface units' size and array arrangement mode, and
the difference between the metasurface and antennas
height H is optimized as follows. The S21 values of differ-
ent height differences are displayed in Figure 10. It can
be seen from the figure that when the height difference
between the metasurface and the antenna is H ≤ 0
(if H < 0 means the metasurface is completely inside the
two antennas), the antenna-coupling reduction effect is
not obvious. When the height difference is H > 0, the
decoupling effect is more obvious. However, whether it is
H = 6 mm or H = 12 mm, the decoupling effect is obvi-
ously not as good as the case H = 9.5 mm. In other
words, H = 9.5 mm has the most significant decoupling
effect in the design. Hence, the height difference between
the metasurface and the antenna is finally selected to be
H = 9.5 mm.
In order to better prove the choice of metasurface, the
gain comparison of the antenna obtained by the above
results is shown in Table 3 (the gain here is one port feed,
and the other port is connected to a 50 Ω load). It can be
seen from Table 3 that when H is constant, the gain of
the antenna will be slightly lower than that of the origi-
nal antenna array except for the case where the meta-
surface is large (size is 4 × 6, 3 × 7). In the remaining
8 of 10 XU ET AL.

F I G U R E 1 1 Simulated
and measured radiation
patterns. Antenna array without
metasurface: A, E plane; B,
H plane. Antenna array with
metasurface: C, E plane; D,
H plane

TABLE 4 Performance of this work and previous works

Maximum Center
coupling frequency
Reference Type of antenna Type of substrate Decoupling mechanism reduction (dB) (GHz)
19 Microstrip antenna Rogers 4003 EBG ground 15 27
20 Dual-band patch antennas F4B Metasurface-based decoupling method 26/14 2.6/3.5
21 Dielectric resonator antenna Rogers RT5880 Metamaterial polarization-rotator wall 8/22/14 57/60/62
This work Planar Yagi antenna FR4 Bidirectional absorbing metasurface 38 4.96

cases, the gain of the antenna is slightly increased, and it
is the largest when the metasurface is 3 × 6 unit cell.
When the metasurface size remains the same, the
decrease in H reduces the gain of the antenna. When
H increases, its gain increases to some extent, which is
maximum at H = 9.5 mm. Therefore, considering the
decoupling effect and the gain, the size and placement of
the proposed metasurface are optimal solutions.
To study the radiation performance of the antenna,
the simulated and measured radiation patterns of the
antenna are shown in Figure 11, using a standard horn
antenna to test the antenna radiation patterns. During
the measurements one of the antennas was excited,
whereas the other was terminated with a load of 50 Ω.
Figure 11A,B is the E plane (xOy) and H plane (yOz) of
the antenna without metasurface, respectively. The
E plane (xOy) and H plane (yOz) of the antenna with
metasurface are presented in Figure 11C,D. At the same
time, for better comparison, the normalization of the
maximum gain of the pattern is performed. E and
H plane radiation patterns are both in agreement with
simulations. However, the back lobes of the measured
results are slightly larger than the simulated results. This
is mainly because the test environment is in free space
XU ET AL.
instead of the anechoic chamber, so there will be some
interference. It can be seen from the figure that after
adding the metasurface, the back lobes of the antenna
are changed from the original −16 to −21 dB, which is
significantly reduced. Meanwhile, its front-to-back ratio
increases, and the end-fire characteristics are more prom-
inent. That is to say, adding metasurface can improve the
radiation performance of the antenna to some extent.
Furthermore, a comparison of this work and several
related works published is presented in Table 4. According
to the literature, we list some parameters, such as the type
of antenna, decoupling method, maximum coupling reduc-
tion, center frequency, and so on. Table 4 is only a qualita-
tive comparison, not a quantitative one. Its purpose is to
help readers evaluate the decoupling effects of different
antennas and designs.
2 | C ON C L U S I ON S
A metasurface with bidirectional absorbing properties is
introduced in this study. This metasurface has the capa-
bility of reducing the mutual coupling in the antenna
array without affecting its radiation performances as well
as improving the gain of antenna properly. This design
has the advantages of simple structure, strong flexibility,
obvious bidirectional absorptivity, and achievability. Due
to the periodicity of the metasurface with unit cell, the
proposed method has great potential. Using the meta-
surface decoupling method presented in this article to
decouple planar Yagi antenna array is taken as a sample
application. The results show that the proposed bidirec-
tional absorbing metasurface can effectively reduce the
mutual coupling between the antenna arrays, and the iso-
lation can be increased by about 38 dB in the desired fre-
quency band. At the same time, it can reduce the back
lobes of the antenna and increase its front-to-back ratio.
Therefore, the bidirectional absorbing metasurface pro-
posed in this study can be well applied to other
millimeter-wave MIMO antenna array and phased arrays
to reduce mutual coupling.
A C K N O WL E D G M E N T S
This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant 41704176, 41574131), the
National Key Research and Development Program of
China (2017YFF0105704), and the Fundamental Research
Funds for the Central Universities (NO. 53200759019) from
China.
ORCID
Linyan Guo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-2976
9 of 10
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AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES
Ziyu Xu was born in Hebei Province,
China, in 1994. She received her BE
degree in Measurement and Control
Technology and Instrumentation
from China University of
Geosciences, Beijing, in 2017. Cur-
rently, she is a master student at the
University of Geosciences, Beijing. Her main research
interests include the MIMO antenna and decoupling.
Zheng Zhao was born in Lvliang
City, Shanxi Province, China, in
1998. She is an undergraduate of
University of Geosciences, Beijing.
Qisheng Zhang was born in Anhui
Province, China, in 1978. He received
the MS degree and the PhD degree in
2012 from the Geosciences University
of China, Beijing, China. He has been
working in School of Geophysics and
Information Technology, China Uni-
versity of Geosciences, Beijing, China, since 2005. He
is currently an associate professor in the School of
Geophysics and Information Technology. His research
interests include system-on-a-programmable-chip
technology, measurement technology and instrument,
high-precision data converters, and geophysical
instruments.
Shichu Yan was born in Hunan
Province, China, in 1995. He received
her BE degree in Measurement and
Control Technology and Instrumen-
tation from China University of
Geosciences, Beijing, in 2017. Cur-
rently he is a master's student of Uni-
versity of Geosciences, Beijing. His main research
interest includes the embedded geophysical instru-
ment and electronic circuit.
XU ET AL.
Linyan Guo was born in Yangcheng
City, Shanxi Province, China, in
1989. She received the BE degree in
Electronic Information Science and
Technology in 2011. She also
received the ME degree in Electro-
magnetic Field and Microwave Tech-
nology in 2013 and the PhD degree in Radio Physics
from Central China Normal University, Wuhan,
China, in 2016, respectively. Currently, she is a lec-
turer of China University of Geosciences, Beijing. Her
main research interests include the theory and appli-
cation of metamaterials, analysis and synthesis of
antennas, and ground penetrating radar.
Zhengwei Yang was born in
Tongren City, Guizhou Province,
China, in 1995. He received the BE
degree in Measurement and Control
Technology and Instrumentation
from China University of
Geosciences, Beijing, China, in 2018.
Currently, he is a master student of University of
Geosciences, Beijing. His main research interest
includes the enhanced gain of broadband antenna.
Minjie Guo was born in Yangcheng
City, Shanxi Province, China, in
1995. He received the BE degree in
Mechatronic Engineering in 2018.
Currently, he is a master student of
University of Geosciences, Beijing.
His main research interest includes
the enhanced gain of broadband antenna.
Ziye Wang was born in KaiFeng
City, Henan Province, China, in
1997. He received the BE degree in
Measurement and Control Technol-
ogy and Instrumentation from the
China University of Geosciences,
Beijing, China, in 2019. Currently, he
is a master student of University of Geosciences, Bei-
jing. His main research interest includes the phased
array.
How to cite this article: Xu Z, Zhao Z, Zhang Q,
et al. Mutual coupling reduction in planar Yagi
antenna array using bidirectional absorbing
metasurface. Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng.
2019;e22051. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.22051