Lesson 8

Passage:

1. The authors most likely use the examples in line 1-9 of the passage (‘every…
showers’) to highlight the
- Number of special occasions involving gift-giving
2. In line 10, the word “ambivalent” most nearly means
- Conflicted
3. The authors indicate that people value gift-giving because they feel it
- Requires the gift-recipient to reciprocate
4. Which choice provokes the best evidence for the answer to previous question?
- Lines 31-32 (“research…perspectives”)
5. The “social psychologists” mentioned in paragraph 2 (lines 17-34) would likely
describe the “deadweight loss” phenomenon as
- Predictable
6. The passage indicates the assumption that made by gift-givers in lines 41-44 may
be
- Insincere

Gerunds and Infinitive

Lesson 8
A. Complete the following exercise with gerund or infinitive forms of the indicated verbs.
a. What do you want to do (do) tonight?
I feel like going (go) to a movie.
b. It’s not so bad to tell (tell) a white lie, is it?
I don’t think lying (lie) is ever right.
c. It isn’t wrong to defend (defend) yourself, is it?
I think defending (defend) yourself is the right thing to do if you have a good
reason.
d. Why did you end up to major (major) in forestry?
I’ve always loved being (be) outdoors. And I’ve always had trouble doing (do)
desk jobs.

B. Complete the following exercise with gerund or infinitive forms of the indicated verbs.
a. She decided to move (move) in another city.
b. Grammar bank is one of the best websites to practice (practice) English grammar.
c. Alicia enjoys watching (watch) soap operas on television.
d. She refuses to listen (listen) to her father.
e. Students want to get (get) good grades.
 f. Many drivers avoid driving (drive) in traffic.
g. Do you feel like eating (eat) hamburger?
h. I can’t imagine to jump (jump) out of a flying jet.
i. The president wishes to end (end) the war.
j. I would love to see (see) that movie. I heard it’s really good.
k. Mrs. Rogala is a really good teacher. She always offers to help (help) her
students.

C. Choose gerund or infinitive form of the verbs.

a. Belinda is looking forward to have / having (have) a reply from his friends.
b. Hey, you look tired! How about to take/ taking (take) a break from work for a bit.
c. I can’t afford to have/ having (have) my master’s degree at a private university.
d. The criminal avoided to confess / confessing (confess) the truth.
e. The clients decided to cancel/ cancelling (cancel) the contract.
f. If you don’t give up to talk/ talking (talk) too much, everybody will get bored.
g. Ken’s lawyer advised him to call/ calling (call) his wife as soon as possible.
h. Helen’s boyfriend asked him if he fancies to grab/ grabbing (grab) a cup of
coffee.
i. After the accident, the old man struggled to stand up/ standing up (stand up).
j. The beautiful girl denied to be / being (be) in love with the suspect.

D. Complete the following exercise with gerund or infinitive forms of the indicated verbs.
Place the verbs in the appropriate tense. Some verb form needs to be passive.

You will have trouble to communicate (1.communicate) this afternoon, folks. Interstate 5
is blocked for two miles north and south of 80 th street, so I strongly suggest using (2.use)
an alternate route if possible. Construction on the Factorial interchange has caused to
slow (3.slow) on i-405, so use caution there. Repairs on the Evergreen Point Bridge is
expected to complete (4.expect/complete) by 6:00 A.M. today, but is still closed. The
Highway Department issued a statement apologizing for causing (5.cause) further
inconvenience to motorists, but the repairs are taking longer than planned. The repairs are
expected to finish (6.finish) by 5:00 A.M. Tuesday. Meanwhile, an accident involving an
overturned van in the left lane on the 509 freeway isn’t expected to clear (7.clear) for at
least half an hour, so avoid the 509 northbound. You can improve your commute by
taking (8.take) Highway 99, where traffic is smooth and relatively light.
 Lesson 8

1) Match the underlined phrases in sentences a-e with 1-6

a. Take part – join in
b. Take into account – consider
c. Make sense – understand
d. Have a row – argue
e. Make fun – laugh at

2) Using a dictionary, find verbs to replace 1-6 in the text below.

a. Lend a hand – help
b. Loses track – forget
c. Let her know – inform
d. Got in touch with – contacted
e. Say sorry – apologize