Business profile

General business information

 Business name: Agro-Allied Farms
 Head office address:
 Phone number: +2348026759657
 Website address: ibraheemsadeek@gmail.com
 Company status and description:
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) plan to participate in chicken egg production. Egg production is the most popular
form of poultry farming because egg consumption cut across wide divide. The business could also come in
specialization such as brooding, Point of Lay production, liquid egg package, egg trading, cold room marketing,
day old chicks, feed milling, birds transportation or egg deport business. Because of the vastness of this industry ,
entrepreneurs focus will be on an aspect and with time add other aspect either for vertical or horizontal integration
in Nigeria, this industry is still grossly untapped and any part of the industrial possess great potential. The major
hindrances to the growth of the industry in Nigeria ranges from absence of credit, high interest rate, high cost of
maize, unavailable electricity which is important for cold rooms, incubators and operation of automated cages.
Because of the fallow nature of the industry in Nigeria, the prospect is high. Looking at the prospect I Mr, Ibrahim
Sadiq Ishola have decided to fill the unfilled vacuum and taking poultry farming to the next level.
 Contact information of the person in charge.
 His Name: Ibrahim Sadiq Ishola
 phone number: +2348026759657
 ibraheemsadeek@gmail.com
Business details
 Date of creation: 2020
 Main areas of activities of business: farming
 Production:
 Layers house capacity : 1,700
 Proposed stating stock :550
 Expected mortality 5%
 Projected revenue per 3,416,490
 Expected number of employees year 1 :3
 Principal customer industries and geographies:
 bakeries,
 restaurants,
 boarding schools,
 home delivery food centers,
 retail shops,
 supermarkets
  hotels etc.
 Business organization
Ibrahim Sadiq Ishola will act as the managers of all operations.
 Duties with include:
Responsible for the entire operations of the poultry, implement decisions and initiatives and to maintain the smooth
operation of the poultry, also analyze and review financial data, reporting financial performance, preparing budgets and
monitoring expenditures and costs. He also decides on the general direction and other paperwork
 Personnel Plan
The personnel plan includes Ibrahim Sadiq Ishola as well as family members, who will be responsible for day-day
operation of the business.
 Number of employees: 3
Financial
 Financial circumstances of business
Financial Plan
The financial plan is based on conservative estimates and assumptions. The company’s investments in salaries,
operating costs, equipment, land, and poultry are based on receiving grant funding of N500,000 and personal
saving and donations from family and relatives of the sum N ______________________
Technical
 Company capacity for the project in terms of qualification and certification

Safety Provisions

 Waste Management
Solid waste generated during poultry production includes waste feed, animal waste, carcasses, and sediments and sludge
from on-site wastewater treatment facilities . In addition to the following sector specific guidance, wastes has been
managed and disposed of according to the guidance for hazardous and non-hazardous waste provided by global
environmental standards.
 Waste Water
Protect feed from exposure to rain and wind during processing, storage, transport and feeding. Maintain feed storage,
transport and feeding systems in good working condition. Maintain records of livestock feed use. Consider mixing of
waste feed with other recyclable materials destined for use as fertilizer.
 Animal Waste
Poultry production operations generate significant quantities of animal waste, mainly manure, but also including other
materials such as bedding. Management of animal waste depends primarily on the type of operation, which may primarily
consist of dry or wet cage system or litter. Animal Waste Management, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines
have been strictly followed.

Other
 References or success stories in a similar project
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) Business
Plan
Prepared By
Ibrahim Sadiq Ishola
+ (234) 8026757657
No. Lafia Road, Kawo Kaduna
E-mail;- Ibraheemsadeek@gmail.com
http://www.
Executive Summary
Poultry production is a sub-sector of the agricultural value chain that has become a major player in the agricultural
revolution in Nigeria because of the ease of production and the requirement of just simple skills and space, just anybody
can go into it and make a living out of it. This is why both the elite and middle class are venturing into it.

Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) is a private family owned sole proprietorship. The current owners, Ibrahim Sadiq Ishola, are
planning to put the business in a LLC or S-Corporation structure shortly after receiving grant funding. Agro-Allied Farms
(AGFs) don’t anticipate adding any additional ownership in the future outside of family members.

Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) is a farm focused on both egg and meat production that provides for a large market range. It
also produces manure as a by-product. It is based in ------------------. The founders have noticed the health implication of
red meat and are creating a business to meet the increased demand for white meat and eggs. Chickens happen to be a great
source of white meat and are also largely known for egg production. The persons who have come together to start
Objectives
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) will measure its success by its ability to achieve the following objectives:
Becoming the "Best and most hygienic poultry producer in the area" complying by the national standards for food and
drugs.
Turn in profits from the first six months of operations.
Mission Statement
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) mission is to provide customers with quality, fresh, and valuable products. To respect all
employees and enable everyone to have a say in company affairs. Quality and service are our number one priority. To
provide investors with opportunities to receive a nice return on investment and high-quality growth. To contribute to the
community through physical and social programs.
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) intends to have the largest poultry farm products.
Keys to success
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) will follow these principles in order to achieve success in its market:
State of art cage framework accommodating an optimum number of chickens with lessened possible hazards.
Diverse slaughters network, market chain management, optimum inventory
Business Overview
Company Ownership
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) is sole business. I, Ibrahim Sadiq Ishola, the manager and prospective owner of Agro-Allied
Farms (AGFs) exercise indirect operational and management experience through research and consultation of expert in
the business. I had managed profitable enterprises ( Kassy Enterprise) for almost two years and Tonic Car Enterprises
both in Lagos. I am a Bsc. Holder in Accounting coupled with computer knowledge and skills of which I have
demonstrate my profession where am currently working know, work for them as a Secertary and computer operator for
some years then cashier and adviser on key issues as well as teachingm But look forward to accommodate any interested
party as a partner wanting to become partners with the business.
Location and facilities
At this point in the business, we don’t have an exact point yet but we have narrowed the location down to
_______________. We are trading from this spot because is it a great place to reach our target market. We think the
population base is large enough for our business and it has a stable economic base that promotes a healthy environment
for the poultry, fishery and other products. Figure below is representing our site preparation 1.1. Available space = 50/25
(1/2 plot), and Pen size ¾ of this should be developed. This Pen can take 1000 pullets and 500 to 700 Broilers in Pen 1
and 2 respectively taking note of liter materials (News paper and Saw dust).

Market Analysis
Industry Analysis
The market’s present size and growth potential are almost unlimited in terms of this business. I project that I will handle
and maintain constant growth. The demographics of my market segment will range from individuals, groups and
corporate bodies. The poultry industry and fishery in the last 40 years has shown dramatic changes in both domestics and
international environments. Those environmental forces include are classified into 2 categories: the internal forces and
external forces.
Challenges facing the poultry industry
Poultry farming has some challenges that need to be attended to with vigor. And Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) hope to turn
all these challenges to its own advantage in other to minimize cost and maximize profit. These are some of the common
challenges identified by Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) that are faced by poultry farmers:
Death of chickens: In poultry, one or many chickens usually die because of their fragile nature and the weather they are
living in. Some factors such as heat and overcrowding causing that death can be controllable.
Market segmentation
This has to do with different sector in the industry and their interplays as the environment and its various segment have a
greater influence on the business. Although in the Nigerian populace, there are a few taboos, religious or cultural practices
that will prevent the consumption of poultry products, during the market segmentation, we found out that nearly
everybody eats eggs and meat, as well as fish because of the high protein it contain. So we are targeting the whole market,
individuals, homes, and firms that use fish, eggs and chicken in large quantities. Specifically, there is a high demand for
live chickens for home consumption or as gifts during festivals like Christmas, Eid-al-Fitr, New Year festive, events and
occasions. Etc.

Target market segment strategy

Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) is working strategically to gain market shares both locally and internationally as part of its
short and long term target. Individuals are a small sector in the market segmentation. They are a pretty large group but
they buy a relatively small amount of eggs. The part of the market that we hope to supply a large number of eggs to are
the industries that need eggs. We hope to strategically place our site close to these industries as part of our growth
strategies. They are bakeries, restaurants, boarding schools, home delivery food centers, retail shops, and supermarkets.
Market trends
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) indentifying the trends in the market for consumption of poultry and aquiculture after
studying the consumer test and preference has come up with important trends in the market which its plan to provides
solution to. While some countries are reputed to be important exporters of poultry products, fish and its likes, Nigeria has
a problem of meeting its local demand for these products. This problem started for the poultry market in 1984 when the
federal government banned the importation of maize. This had quite an effect on declining poultry production.
Startup Summary

Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) just like any other business trying to carryout business in Nigeria, has to incur pre-
incorporation cost which it cannot do without. Our business has start-up cost and we will need a bank account; we chose
our bank to be Access Bank and Stanbic Ibtc because of their proximity in the area. This section of the plan shows
projected startup costs prior to our opening. Start-up expenses for Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) include initial cost of
research, business name and incorporation cost, pre-launch marketing to cover flyers, a direct mail campaign, and
advertisements in local papers. Etc.

Start-up expenses for Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) include initial the bellows listed cost

Items Costs
Business cards
Printer
Leaflets
Blank invoices
Computers
Internet
Land
Building
Advertising/marketin
g
Others
Total

Equipment
Feeders and drinkers
Crates
Lighting system
Egg tray
Cages
Others
Total equipment
Financial Plan
Projected Profit and Loss
As the Profit and Loss table shows the farm expects to have rapid growth in sales revenue and an increase in net profit
over the next three years of operations.
Items 1 year 2year 3year
Sales
Eggs
Meat
Manure
Total Cost of Sales

Gross Margin
Gross Margin %
Expenses
Marketing/Promotion
Depreciation
Building Expense
Equipment Expense
Utilities
Phone/Fax
Legal
Rent
Repair Maintenance
Inventory
Miscellaneous

Total Operating Expenses

Profit Before Interest and Taxes

Other Expenses
Interest Expense/loan repayment
Equipment lease
Employee benefits
Total Expenses
Net Profit/Sales

Projected Balance Sheet

The balance sheet shows healthy growth of net worth and a strong financial position.
Items 1 year 2year 3year
Assets

Current Assets
Cash
Inventory
Other Current Assets
Total Current Assets

Long-term Assets
Long-term Assets
Accumulated Depreciation
Total Long-term Assets
Total Assets
 Liabilities and Capital

Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable
Current Borrowing
Other Current Liabilities
Subtotal Current Liabilities

Long-term Liabilities
Total Liabilities

Paid-in Capital
Retained Earnings
Earnings
Total Capital
Total Liabilities and Capital

Net Worth

The sole owner is Ibrahim Sadiq Ishola, who is also requesting the loan in the amount of N 500,000. If you look at
APPENDIX, you will see that the loan will easily be repaid by the means of projected yearly profit amount
Product description
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) offers chicken eggs, chicken meat that will be gotten from layers and broilers and plan to
supplies its quality fish as the facilities is in progress to our target market. We plan to take pride in the uncompromising
quality of our products. We also offer fertilizer in the form of chicken manure. This is mostly used in vegetable farming
and as an ingredient for feed in fish farming Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) shall produce high quality, contaminant-free
chickens and the freshest eggs to satisfy the taste of our beloved costumers.
Future products
The poultry industry is experiencing strong growth worldwide. This is due to many factors, some of
the most important being, rising standards of living, rising need for protein in diets, economic utilization of land and other
resources, acceptability to most religious groups etc. A wide range of future services are envisioned, partly to cater to the
requirements of religious groups. Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) have big plans for the future to come as the company is
committed to satisfy various stakeholders’s needs and wants. Our fish facility is in progress and we plan on supplying
cracked eggshells for some detergent companies for use. These special detergents are used in washing basins and pots.
Another thing we have planned for the future is the sale of processed chicken meat.
Service Description
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) customers are king, plan on servicing our customers by providing home delivery for
customers who are willing to buy at least a certain amount of our products and establishing vendor, salesperson, and outlet
shop for easy accessibility of our product
Future services
Currently the main product of Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) are Eggs, Chicken meat, Manure while our future
products/services, fish products and feeds, Biogas, Mayonnaise. In addition, we also plan on creating platform for
consultation. In the future, if this business gets large enough, we would also like to build a larger facility for
diversification of our product and services in order to get listed on the NSE ( Nigerian Stock Exchange Market).

Competitive Analysis
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) knows that competition is real and that competitors want to knew what we already knew in
order to turn things to their own advantage. However we believed that competition exist. Due to the following reasons;
Poultry products are not branded products; hence what usually matters is effective positioning and timing.
Poultry market is not crowded; it’s a seller’s market.
Most poultry products are sold through informal channels.
Competitive edge
With high input cost, Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) continually refines and evaluates how resources are allocated. The
farm is family owned and operated, which allows for fluctuation and latitude in duties and operation assignments.
Additionally, farm will utilize its own land to reduce expensive rent costs and have an asset that gives the farm
additionally value and equity. Our strength over its competitors is firstly based on the fact that we are not entering this
business to make much money. We are entering this industry to solve the present problem that our population is facing.
We are here to provide quality affordable chicken products.
Marketing Strategy and Implementation
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) will strive for the production of products with the highest quality suiting the current trends,
test and preference of our customers at the right place and right time and we plan on employing the following strategies.
We would also make contracts vendors and hawkers in markets to sell our live chickens and eggs. We would also make
contracts with retail shops for a constant supply of eggs at intervals. Most importantly through social network and other
mediums of advertisement like.
Advert/promotional Strategies Budget per annum ( Details on Frequency
Social network Facebook/twitter /Whatapp
Bulk sms To remind our customer of our existence
Complimentary card Once in 2year
Banners and signage Once
Total

Pricing and promotion strategy

The price of the chicken and eggs would range depending on the size and quality. Also, the price for our by-products are
shown in the figure below.
S/N Products Description /details Range Proposed Selling price
1 BROILER 1 BROILER 1500 to 1700 ₦3000
2 EGGS 1 CRATE 850 to 1000
MANURE 1 BAG OF MANURE ₦200

The price of a wheelbarrow of manure costs about N200. These prices would also vary depending on the existing market
price of poultry meat and eggs. As we compete with other poultries, we will promote our products through advertisements
with the aid of streamers and pamphlets.
Web strategy
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) also has a website where customers can interact with us and get a feel of what the business is
about. We know a site or two where we can place online advertisements and we would also make mentions of our poultry
in online newspapers.
Sales strategy
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) will continue to sell eggs to locals as well as to the commodities auction market.
Additionally, the farm will utilize whole sale buyers that will come to the farm to buy eggs at auction pricing. Considering
the following practices, Better farm management practices, regular visit by veterinary doctors, recycling wastes as
fertilizer “consumer is king” policy, keeping up with new technology for production efficiency.
SWOT analysis
STRENGTH
This describe what we are excels at and what separate us from competition, Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) have competitive
advantage over its rivalry by use of result to attract new investors such population growth of the north most especially
Kaduna State, Strong brand, Loyal customer base, Strong balance sheet etc.
WEAKNESS
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) is quiet aware that weakness stop an organization from performing at its optimum level, such
as a weak brand of feeds or chicks, high level of debt, high cost of feeds, disease outbreak and an inadequate supply chain
or lack of capital etc. these are areas where the business needs to improve to remain competitive in order to turn its
weakness into strength.
OPPORTUNITY
This refers to favorable external factors that could give an organization a competitive advantage over its rivalry.
Agro-Allied Farms (AGFs) has noted outside trends that will have positive impact to the business as well as
upcoming events which could prove helpful in growing our business, such as Government grants and support in
the sector, Importance of agricultural sector and Favorable climatic condition etc.

THREAT
These consider the potential that external influences, such as those identified in PEST, can harm the business in the future
the likes of political issues, corruption, regulations that impact the business and technological factors etc.
PEST analysis
Eating habits of our consumers will definitely affect our business. Also, the
Socio-cultural
Eating habits of our consumers will definitely affect our business. Also, the success of restaurants and other firms that
order our products will indirectly affect our business.
Technological
A good technical infrastructure would lead to better production and hence lower costs. Technology will also mean more
effective business marketing.
Economic
Economic trends such as demand and supply will determine the sustenance and profitability of the business. Also,
inflation rates will affect the way we pay our employees and the price of the product.
Political
This will include government policies concerning inspection by the ministry of health and organizations like NAFDAC as
well as any political instability just the current state of our economy militated by COVID-19 or any unforeseen
circumstances.
Management and Organization Structure
Management team
The management team will include myself on a full- time basis with the help of two of my family members. Other staff
will be added according to the need for each individual job. The market for such short-term/hired helpers is plentiful due
to numerous graduates from our society who are looking for work.
Organizational structure
Ibrahim sadiq ishola
- ibraheemsadeek@gmail.com
As the top manager, the CEO, he is typically responsible for the entire operations of the poultry. It is his responsibility to
implement decisions and initiatives and to maintain the smooth operation of the poultry, with the assistance of the
management team and also analyze and review financial data, reporting financial performance, preparing budgets and
monitoring expenditures and costs. He also decides on the general direction of a company, and has a broad and
comprehensive knowledge of all matters related to the business of the organization and the vision required to steer its
course into the future.

Ahmad Ibrahim agdulganiy

Chief Operational Officer - aisha@example.com
As the COO, she looks after issues related to marketing, sales, production, and personnel. More hands-on than the CEO,
the COO looks after day-to-day activities while providing feedback to the CEO. He reports directly to the CEO and is a
more internally oriented person focused on technology needed for running the poultry.
Fadila ishaq
Chief Revenue Officer - eric@example.com
She is responsible for all revenue generation processes in an organization, and is ultimately accountable for driving better
integration between all revenue-related areas. She reports directly to the CEO and is a more internally oriented person
focused on technology needed for running the poultry. She is also in charge of the web designs of the poultry working in
hand with COO.
Hiring Plan
Apart from the management team, other personnel include
1. Cleaners
2. Security
3. Technician
4. Food technician
Risk Assessment
The investment in the new facility has been subjected to comprehensive risk assessment using the
Amplios SATERCPLIDE horizon scanning methodology. The main risk factors discovered under each of the future
elements, together with the main mitigation actions are as shown in Table below
No. Element Main Risk from the Market Main Mitigation Action
S Social Consumer preference for native chicken Market surveys to assess
A Approach Restaurants specializing in native chicken Promotion of broiler health benefits
T Technology Social media, smart-phones campaigns Social media, smart-phones campaigns
E Economic Increased investment by competitors Training programs for employees
R Resources Increased investment by broiler growers Financing support for major growers
C Conflict Conflict villagers and broiler growers due to smell Survey & reserve good locations
P Political Negotiated agreement to distance growers from villages Lobby politicians for best positions
L Legal Government regulation encouraging good grower practices Assist growers with training programs
I International Import of dressed poultry from other countries Lobby politicians for restrictions
D Demographic Urbanization moves customers to other regions Monitor by quarterly survey
E Environmental Risk of bird flu in the grower farms Work closely with government

Other categories of risk

Financial risks
Changes in our pricing policies or that of our competitors
Fluctuation in revenue from distributors and retailers
Timing of costs related to acquisitions or payments
Health risks
Contagious disease and virus outbreak are very deadly; if one of the chickens should catch the disease, all of them will be
affected and if it's not recognized and treated early it will lead to the death of all the chickens which is a great loss for the
business. And also some of the diseases are also contagious to human not just between the chickens which will affect the
workers and also those that eat it. Disease prevalence varies from one area to the other. The problems that may
Technological risks
Technology is good but they also have their disadvantages. There are normally problems involved in using technology;
the use of the machine that collects eggs may fail to work or spoil, making the work slow and adding more cost to the
business by repairing it. The cost for electricity is also not easy and some electric problems can lead to fire outrage and
burn the building causing the loss of assets and perhaps the entire business.
Conclusion

For profitable poultry production, in this part of the country, marketing your broilers as early as 5-6 weeks give you more
profit than older ones of say 8 weeks and above. Also layer production is more lucrative than broilers. However it takes a
longer period before you began to reap.
 APPENDIX
Products & Services
Broilers production
i) Proposed starting stock 500 d.o.c
ii) Requirements :-
Feeders :- 20 Chicks trays
20 Drinkers
15 Long feeders
15 Round drinkers
Feeds:- 2.1 From 1-4 weeks – Broilers starter
From 5-8 weeks – Broilers finisher
Brooding Programmes:-
Attached to this is a brooding programme that should be religiously followed figure 1.2 from day 1 to week 4 or 5

Layers production
i) Proposed starting stock 500 d.o.c
ii) Requirements :-
Feeders :- 20 Chicks trays
20 Drinkers
20 Long feeders
20 Round drinkers
Feeds:- From 1-7 weeks => chicks mesh
From 5-8 weeks => grower mesh
19 weeks or any time they start laying up to 15%, they shall be on layers mesh
Brooding Programmes:-
Attached to this is a brooding programme that should be religiously followed figure 1.2 from day 1 to week 16
Days Items weeks Items
1 1/0 and or Maresk Vaccination 3 or 4 2nd Gumboro Vaccination
1 Glucose 4 or 5 2nd Lasota
2-5 Antibiotics + Vitamins 6 Fowl pox Vaccination
6-8 Coccidiostat 8 Kumarov Vaccination
9 Plain Water 9 De-worming
10 Gumboro (IBDV) Vaccination 12-13 De-beaking
10-12 Vitamins 16 2nd Kumarov Vaccination
13 Plain Water
14 Lasota (NCD) Vaccination
14-16 Vitamins
From the last Kumarov Vaccination repeat NDC (lasota) Vaccination as a booster dose every 6-8 weeks with de-worming
throughout the life of the birds
Broilers
200 broilers will consume approximately 1 Tons of feed from Day old to 8 weeks. 1 Tone = 40bags = 1000kg
Layers
200 pullets will consume 25 bags of chicks mesh from 1-7 weeks, 60bags of Grower mesh from 8-16weeks and 20bags of
Grower from 17-19weeks when they are expected to would have started laying enough eggs to feed themselves
 APPENDIX II
These are the key expenses
550 day old chicken @ 300 = N165,000
1 carton of wood chips for flooring the brooder
5 bags of briquette or charcoal for heating the brooder @
4 brooding jicos @
Feeds
1 chick feeds 45gms of chick mach per day
Therefore 550 chicks feed 45gms × 550chicks = 24,750gms
1000gms = 1kg
Therefore 24,750gms = 24.75kgs
Chick mash is fed to chicken for 60 days
Therefore 60days × 24.75kgs = 1,485kgs
1 bag =25kgs which = N 3,500
1,485kg = 59.4bags = N 207,900
Chick mash = N N 207,900
Feeds 2
1 pullet feeds 60gms of grower mash per day
Therefore 550pullets feed 60gm × 550chicks = 33,000gms
1000gms = 1kg
Therefore 33,000gms =33kgs
Growers mash is fed to chick up to POL
POL is approx. to be day 120
Day 120 end of grower mash – day 60 end of chick mash = 60days
Therefore 60day × 33kg = 1,980 kg
1bags = 25kgs which = N 3,300
1,980 kgs = 79.2bags = N 261,360
Grower mash = N 261,360
Feeds 2
1 pullet feeds 90gms to 105gms of layer mash per day
90gms at the start of laying and 105gms at maximum laying (week 28 to week 38)
On average ( 90gms +105 gms) /2 = 97.5 gms

Therefore 550pullets feed 97gm × 550pullet = 53,350gms

1000gms = 1kg
Therefore 53,350gms =53.35kgs
Layer mash is fed to chicken up to ( week 72/ day504)
POL is approx. to be day 120
Day 504 (end of layer mash – day 120 start of layer mash) =264days
Therefore 264days × 53.35kgs =14,084.4kgs
1bags = 25kgs which = N 3,500
14,084.4kgs = 563.38bags = N 1,971,816
Layer mash = N 1,971,816

Considering stopping at 20 weeks

Therefore 120days × 53.35kgs =6,6,402kgs
1bags = 25kgs which = N 3,500
6,6,402kgs= 256.08 bags= N 819,000
Layer mash@ 20th week =N 896,280

Sub-total @ 20th week = feed 1+ feed 2 + feed 3(N 189,000+ N 237,600+ N 819,000) = N 1,245,600

Sub-total= feed 1+ feed 2 + feed 3(N 189,000+ N 237,600+ N 1,802,500) = N 2,229,100

For the drugs, the standard calculation @ 20th week = N 1,245,600*5/550= N 11,300*4= N 45,300
The price of medication N 11,300 for each month, we analysis for medication is 4 month.
For vaccination the standard price for each bird is N 10 per week,(Gumboro and Lasota only) for 550= N 5,500 per
week. For four weeks= N 5,500 *4= N 22,000.
Some necessary vaccination for layers
koromorov at 6weeks= N 750 for 100 birds = N4,125
Fowl pox at 8 weeks N 700 per 100 dose. = N4,125
Deworming at 10 weeks N 450
Debeaking at 12 weeks N 20 per bird= N 11,000
Komorov at 16 weeks N 750 per 100 dose= N 4,125
Total cost for vaccination = N 35,925
Total cost so far = N 1,245,600+ N 45,300+ N 35,925= N 1,326,825

At 21 weeks they are expected to start Laying.

Will expect 70percent of the birds to be laying.
I. E 70 eggs per day.
Mortality 5%×550 =30
70%×520 =364 per day
364eggs
We have / 30= 12.13 creates × 850= N 10,315 in a day
Feeding per day of layers
520 layers require 50kg of feed per day.
Note 25kg of layer =3500, 2bag will be N 7000 per day 3,315
Profit per day will be = N 10,315- N 7000 = N.3,315
In a month will have N.3,315×30= N.90,050 per month
For A year 12 month, the production usually rise and fall. Let's forfeit a month to Maintain the production standard.
N.90,050×11= N.1,034,550
Spend Layers will be sold
520layers × N 1200= N 624,000 for spent layers.
The total profit = N 624,000+ N.1,034,550- N 1,245,600 = N 412,950
This analysis make not be achieved if BIOSECURITY measures is not strictly follow.
Note: for every 6 weeks you do Lasota, which prevents Newcastle, and serve as egg booster.
Medication should also be given at this age I. E., Vitamins, anticoci, and anti biotics should be done at 6 weeks interval

Commercial layer farming

Breeds
Commercial layer Breed
 white leghorn
 kalinga brown
 cari gold
 coloured layer

Housing and management of layer

A comfortable, easy to clean and manage, providing sufficient area for the comfort of the bird is essential requisite for
getting optimum growth and product in layer farming.
Location of poultry house
1) away from residential or crowded areas
2) accessible to the market for eggs and availability of poultry feeds
3) well connected with roads for transportation
4) provision of electricity and clean water

Requirement of good housing

1) well ventilated house
 2) house built in east to west direction along axis of the house for natural light and sun rays
3) temperature 20-25c
4) floor concrete, rain proof, crack-free, rat-proof and easy to clean
5) roof- should be moist proof, and common roofing materials may be asbestos, fibre sheet, thatch/chitra
6) light- daylight desirable
7) sanitation ease in cleaning and spraying disinfection/sanitizers
8) height of the house 3mts from the foundation to the roof

System of housing
Cage
Deep litter : covering of floor with litter materials like saw-dust, rice-husk, chopped wheat straw. For building a low cost
housing system, locally available material like bamboo and mud (for walls) can be used. For layer, cages made out of
bamboo can be made to house the bird.

Brooding in deep litter system

Preparation before the arrival of chicks

 sheds should be vacant for at least 3-4 weeks
 thoroughly wash and disinfect all the walls, ceilings, floors, crevices and equipment.
 Clean all the water lines and channels
 White wash the walls of the house.
 Set heating system 90-95 f floor brooding.
 Brooder should be provided in circular fashion
 Provide clean litter material (2-4 inches deep) inside the brooder guard.

Management of chicks in the brooder (0-8wks)

 Provide 6 sq inches per chicks under the brooder.
 Brooding should be started at 95 f temperature and be reduced by 5 f every week until 70 f is attained
 De-beaking may be done at 3th week of age.
 Provide continuous light during brooding period.
 Provision of clean fresh water
 Daily inspect the condition of birds for any abnormalities.
 Height of the feeder should be adjusted to the convenience of the chicks.
 Keep a standby in case of emergency electricity failure.

Management of growers ( 9-20 weeks)

 Birds should be transferred to grower house at 9 weeks of age.
 Waterer and feeders should be adjusted as per the need of the birds.
 Grower mash should be fed to the birds.
 Keep provision for cross ventilation.
 De-beaking may be done if necessary.
 Vaccinate birds as per schedule.
 Check feed intake and body weigh at regular interval.
 Provide light hrs a day.
 Culling of underdeveloped, diseased type of undesirable pullets as early as possible.

Management of layers ( 21-72 weeks)

 Ventilation in the layer house should be adequate without drafts.
  Feed layer mash to the birds.
 Provide laying nest/box to the birds, use clean bedding material in the laying nest.
 Replace nesting material at regular intervals.
 Eggs should be collected 3-4 times a days in deep litter system of housing.
 Treatment may be made against external parasites like ticks, mites and lice periodically.
 Remove dead birds promptly and dispose them properly.
 Light should start from 12 hrs a day and increased by 15-30 minutes every week until 16 hrs of light is reached.

Effective micro-organism liquid (E.M) application in layer production

E.M is a brown concentrated liquid produced from the cultivation of 80 strains of beneficial micro-organisms collected
from natural environment of india
Advantages of E.M technology in Livestock production
 Reduces cost inputs more efficiently.
 Improves egg production
 Clean shed, less flies, ticks and less disease incidence
 Maintains better health condition of birds

E.M solution as additive in drinking water on daily basis

Age of bird (day) E.M solution
01-14 days 1 ml/ litre of water
15 onwards .5 ml/ litre of water
Caution:
EE.M, solution should not be mixed with anti-biotic, chlorinated water/ any disinfectants.
Diseases: layers are affected by different diseases which may be caused by virus, bacteria, fungi etc.
Some of the common diseases affecting layers are as follows
(A) Virus
1) Ranikhet / New Castle Disease
Symptoms:
i. Affects all the birds of the farm.
ii. Difficulty in breading
iii. Nasal discharge.
iv. Anorexia
v. Greenish diarrhea.
vi. 90-100% mortality.

Prevention: early vaccination with F1 followed by R2B vaccines

2) Marek’s Disease
Symptoms:
vii. Affects all the birds of the farm.
viii. Droopy wings, lameness, paralysis
ix. 60-70% mortality.

Treatment: no treatment, only early vaccination,

(B) Bacterial Disease

1. Salmonellsis
Symptoms:
i. Chalky white diarrhea
ii. Pasted vent.
 iii. Depression and loss of weight
iv. Sudden death
v. Affects all age group.

Treatment:
i. Use effective antibiotic ( contact nearest veterinary centre)
ii. Recovered birds act as a source of disease and better to cull.
2. Colybacillosis
a) Affects all age group.
b) Diarrhea
c) Dizziness
d) Swelling of joints.
e) Edematous comb and wattle
f) Mortality rate 90%

Treatment:
Antimicrobials (contact nearest veterinary centre)

(C) Fungi disease

1) Brooder pneumonia / aspergillosis
Symptoms:
a) Affects chicks
b) High mortality
c) Respiratory problem.
d) Swollen eye and head

Treatment:
Anti-fungi (contact nearest veterinary centre)

(D) Heiminthic disease

Symptoms:
a) Affects mostly layer birds
b) In appetence
c) Poor body growth
d) Ruffled feather
e) diarrhoea

Treatment:
Anthelmintic every two months (contact nearest veterinary centre)
(E) protozoa disease
1) Coccidiosis
Symptoms:
a) Decrease in egg production.
b) High mortality rat
c) Bloody diarrhoea

Treatment:
1) Proper management.
2) Anti- Coccidiosis (contact nearest veterinary centre)

Vaccination schedule
Disease Age
 Marek’s 1st day (Generally given in hatchery) 0.2 ml s/c
Ranikhet 3-4th day (f-strain)
Ranikhet 5-6th week (f-strain)
Ranikhet 10-12th wk (R2B)
Fowl pox 3rd week P.P.V.L
Fowl pox 8th week P.P.C.E.D.L
Gumboro / IBD 15th -18th d day ( on advice by vet)

Bio- security measures in layer farm

Bio-security is a practice designed to prevent the spread of disease onto your farm.
Bio-security has three major components:
1. Isolation
2. Traffic control
3. Sanitation

Bio-security measures

 Fencing
 Keep visitors to a minimum.
 Limit visits to other poultry farms
 Keep all animals and wild birds out of poultry house.
 Practice sound rodent and pest control program.
 Inspect flocks daily and recognize disease symptoms.
 Good ventilation and relatively dry litter.
 Keep areas around houses and feed bins clean.
 No exchange of feed and equipment.
 Disinfection and sanitization of poultry house and equipment