Promoting Health and Preventing Ill Health

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Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Background...........................................................................................................................................3
Main Body.............................................................................................................................................4
Individual Profile...............................................................................................................................4
Health and status risks.......................................................................................................................5
General Advice and support..............................................................................................................6
Public Health Policies........................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................8
References.............................................................................................................................................9

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Introduction
The present report is included with the critical examination and assessment of the concept of
health and wellness and the influences that impact on the individual, family, population
health and wellbeing. The report is listed with critical evaluation and the importance of
building the awareness for consistently assessing the health requirements of the individual of
the group of families, specific person and people in considering the appropriate research and
epidemiological demonstration and also included with the discussion of significance of
nursing in promoting the health of an individual. The study of the influence of economic,
health and social care policies on public health and provision of health care and the impact of
inequalities of health is also covered. Additionally, it is also included with the critical
evaluation of the health promotion approaches and the essential skills and understandings
needed for nurses and how to build that.

Background
As per the observation of Poortaghi et al. (2015) health is defined as the declaration of the
whole mental, physical and social wellbeing. Huber et al. (2016) suggest that health is the
capability to adjust and to self-control that the capacity of the individual to fit into the
particular condition as fundamental to the health. From the findings of Marmot and Bell
(2016) for decreasing the health inequalities, it is essential to have actions at the whole stage
particularly with regard to the great factors of health such as poverty, poor education,
unemployment, miserable physical surroundings and unsatisfactory housing. Husereau et al.
(2013) mentioned that health requirement appraisal is considered as the regular procedure to
confirm that the service sector of health utilises its assets to the development of population
health in a better proficient method. Health requirements are those that can have the
advantage from the health services or from the broader community and the transformation of
the surrounding.

It can be understood from the findings of Drummond et al. (2015) that the main responsibility
of health systems is to deliver universal health facilities and great standard and also the
heal5th system has a significant part in the strength and prestige of the domestic and
territorial economies. From the findings of Guise et al. (2012), critical thinking plays an
important role in the field of nursing, it helps in the process of decision making and solving
the issues of patients. It is also beneficial to the nurses in handling the various complicated

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situations. The critical thinking skill includes critical examination, clarity of the ideas,
introductory explanation, reasonable conclusion and many more.

Main Body

Individual Profile
For conducting the current assignment effectively, a case of an individual living nearer to my
apartment has chosen. The case chosen for the analysis in the case of the patient Joseph
(Pseudo name) who is 65 years old male living in London, UK. The patient Joseph living in
London belong to the ethnicity under the category of White British. Joseph is currently a
retired person. On analysing the family history of Joseph, it has been observed that Joseph is
a married person and having two children, one male and one female of aged 25 and 28 years,
respectively. Joseph’s wife is also a retired person aged 60 years. Moreover, Joseph’s both
children are married and living separately in the same city. Before retirement, the patient was
working as a primary teacher. On analysing the educational status of the patient, it is
observed that Joseph has completed his ITET (Initial Teaching Education Training)
programme and Bachelors of Education. On studying the case of Joseph, it has been observed
that before 5-years, he was diagnosed with hyperglycemia through his symptoms. From the
medical reports, it has been understood that he has fasting blood glucose recording having the
values of 118–127 mg/d, and it has stated that the patient has borderline diabetes initially. On
studying the case of Joseph during the initial stage of diagnosis, the patient was advised to
lose weight at least 10 lb. but the patient has not taken any action towards it, and it was
understood through making conversation and analysing the case reports of the Joseph.
Currently, on studying the medical reports of the patient Joseph, it is noted that the patient
has fasting blood glucose recording 228-238 mg/d, which is noted to be very high.

From the report of Fredriksen-Goldsen et al. (2015), it has been observed that between mind
and body there is always clear distinction made and while considering the individual's mental
health and physical health the two factors should not be considered as the separate one as
both states are interconnected to each other. Similarly, from the study of Carlier et al. (2012),
it has been indicated that in the case of developing mental health problems among individual,
the increased risk is due to the poor physical health of the individual. Likewise, the physical
health of the individual will get negatively impacted by the poor mental health of the
individual, and this leads to cause increased risks in the individual's health. O’Donnell et al.

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(2013), pointed out that in the year 1948 NHS has stated to healthcare professionals that
while treating the individual's physical health they must also consider the psychological
wellbeing of the individual when treating the physical symptoms of the condition and vice
versa. The overall wellbeing of the individual has stated through physical health condition of
the person, and among the various dimensions of health it is the most visible dimension, and
it also includes emotional, spiritual, intellectual, social and environmental health. In the
current case of Joseph on analyzing the physical health condition, it has been observed that
the patient is 5ft9 inch height and weighs 90 Kgs and for his height, in this age, the weight is
considered to be overweight. Moreover, Joseph is highly interested in consuming junk foods
and sweets and do not follow any strict diet. In addition, it has also been observed that till the
age of 60, Joseph was a chain smoker and consumed alcohol very rarely. Fredriksen-Goldsen
et al. (2014), pointed out that for maintaining the individual's physical health in a well-
defined manner it is essential to involve in various physical activities such as exercising,
swimming, walking, etc. as this physical activity highly helps in improving the mental
wellbeing. In the case of Joseph, he is rarely involved in physical activity such as walking,
and it may also be the reason for the increase in sugar levels. Deneris and Wyler (2012),
indicated that the measure of psychological wellbeing or the absence of mental illness of the
individual is stated through mental health. Mental health is the state of the individual who is
functioning at a satisfactory level of behavioural and emotional adjustment. For the
individual's life, the emotional and mental health of the individual is observed to be the most
significant one, and this highly influences the individual's emotions, behaviours and thoughts.
On studying the current case of Joseph it has been observed that in his life he is satisfied as
he has enough money to live and his wife is noted to be more loving towards him and his
children are also settled, and thus Joseph is in the happy state currently as he does not have
any major problems in his life.

Health and status risks

From the study of Jetten et al. (2012), it has been noted that the individual's ability to interact
and who has the capability to form meaningful relationships with others is defined as social
health. Moreover, the social health condition of the individual also states how comfortable
the individual can adapt to social situations. The individual's physical health, mental health
and mortality risk will be highly influenced by social relations. On studying the social health
condition of the Joseph, it has been observed that he has hobbies like gardening and reading
books and has good friends and family circle which helps him to keep is social health in a

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well-defined manner. On analyzing the above-stated information it has been observed that
Joseph is a kind of person who is highly friendly with others, but his diet is observed to be
very poor as he is highly likely to consume sweets and junk foods more than eating healthy
food and it is observed to be the main reason for the condition of hyperglycemia. Moreover,
Joseph is also the kind of person who is involved in less physical activity, and this tends to be
the main cause of the state of hyperglycemia. Moreover, it has also been observed that for his
age he is overweight and it is also noted to be the main reason for the state of hyperglycemia
as per the regulations that is stated through the UK health regulation.

General Advice and support 

Diabetes can be characterised as a chronic illness requiring to be provided with consistent
medical care and offering self-management education to the patients as well to prevent the
occurrence of short term complications and prevent risks of long term complications as well.
It is observed to be quite complicated to handle diabetic conditions in patients, addressing
issues apart from controlling the glycaemia illness. There are ranges of interventions
available that help patients to improve their existing conditions to a much better state.
However, apart from the focussed interventions being provided by the clinicians, and doctors,
some general advice and support can be gathered. 
Lee et al. (2018) pointed out that it is the best option for diabetic patients to have intakes of
healthy foods. It can rather be also advised that these people can have food intake of amounts
that they require including more of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. All foods that are
featured to be high in sugar and fat can be limited and carbohydrates are also found to be
turned into sugar, thus needing to have a look into its amount of intake as well. In the same
way, exercises are also an indispensable apart of the activities that can be done to reduce risks
of Diabetes. Tiruneh et al. (2019) added that At least 30 minutes of activity could be advised
to the diabetic patients that would make them sweat and requiring breathing a little harder for
multiple times in a week. This, in turn, can also minimise the chances of these patients having
to suffer from heart diseases. 
Moreover, Gavrila et al. (2019) commented that the stress levels of individuals suffering from
diabetic conditions have to be maintained at limited levels as stress is relatively proportional
to the risks of blood sugar in the body. It would be better if these patients manage to relieve
their stress through yoga, meditation or other hobbies that relax them when found to be
highly anxious or stressed. Rather, Pal et al. (2018) noted that the presence of Diabetes in the
bodies of people make them highly prone to heart disease, eye disorders, stroke, kidney

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disease, blood vessel disease, nerve damage and foot problems. Smoking habits in diabetic
patients can increase the risks of these diseases being harmful to the patients. Alcohol can
also make the blood sugar level of people higher. Hence Advika et al. (2017) mentioned that
it has to be maximally avoided. Women are advised not to take more than one drink a day
and men not to have more than two drinks a day. It can also be directed that these patients
gather support and assistance from their doctors at least twice a year having a close eye to all
the numbers related to the cholesterol, sugar and blood pressure levels in their bodies.
For further queries and guidance of diabetic patients, they can be referred with specialist
doctors or endocrinologists who can advise more professionally to help them improve their
existing conditions.  
Public Health Policies 
The National Health care system of the UK is evolved to be one of the largest and
exceptional quality systems in the world. Accordingly, Advika et al. (2017) observed that the
national response to Type 2 diabetes prevention includes multiple behavioural interventions
taking into consideration of the lifestyle choices that make the individual into risks of being
developed with the disease. NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme is one such intervention
developed by the joint commitment of PHE, NHS England and Diabetes UK, which was
launched in 2015. Li and Hussain (2020) estimated that around 422 million adults are living
with Diabetes in the UK. The growing overweight and obesity in the people have become the
major drivers for this rise in Type 2 Diabetes. The patients who are identified to have
suffered from Diabetes are advised to achieve a healthy weight, deity recommendations and
CMO physical activities.
In regard to the aim of NHS to improve the quality of the life of people involved with
Diabetes in their bodies, thus offering efficient support to optimise the control of their blood
glucose, blood pressure and other risk factors. Sandu (2019) illustrated that they are engaged
in providing tools and resources supporting the commissioners to stimulate quality
improvement. Further, patients are empowered with information that helps their choices
about their health and care. High-quality diabetes care is done by offering a structured
educational programme to the people with Diabetes, fulfilling the criteria of national policies
and guidelines. Yigazu and Desse (2017) disclosed that they are provided with personalised
advice on nutrition and physical activity from trained and skilled professionals.
Meanwhile, treatment and therapy with insulin are initiated with the person with Diabetes.
An annual assessment of the risk is provided to the people with Diabetes describing the
complications of the Diabetes and is managed appropriately as well. Thus Sandu et al. (2019)
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revealed that the polices of the Public Health also have a direct influence on how individuals
can change their lifestyle and diets in order to reduce their risks of being suffered from high
complications of Diabetes. 
However, Raghupathi and Raghupathi (2018) pointed out that the families and communities
of diabetic patients also have a significant role in their treatment and diagnosis. Timely
identification of Diabetes and early diagnosis can help diabetic patients to take on early
treatment and thus prevent its extreme symptoms. However, Al-Lawati (2017) found that the
factors like emotional wellbeing, financial situation, leisure activities, and physical health can
be influenced on the way the diabetic patients can bring changes on their daily routines. 

Conclusion 
A health profile comprises of indicators of the social and demographic conditions, health
status and quality of life, health risk factors and health resources that are essential for the
individuals, that would help set priorities and to interpret the data on the health issues
identified on an individual. Health profiles are involved in summarising the health
information of an individual, thus determining their problems and the factors that can
influence their medical conditions adversely as well. Through understanding the health
profile in the most appropriate way, it is easier to explore the measures that can be executed
for the improvement of the present conditions and the prevention measures to be taken into
account as well. The above report elucidated on the measures and the public health policies
that can influence the interventions of Diabetes diagnosed patient. The measures and actions
that are to be implemented for the betterment and improvement of the health conditions of the
patient are described through the above report. Thus it can be concluded that the health
profile of an individual can be extremely helpful and guiding for the individual to explore the
ways through which they need to alter their life for enhanced health conditions.

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