Gerald S.

Fernandez

BSCE-3D

Probability​is a numerical representation of the likelihood of occurrence of a

given event. It is a number between 0 and 1, assigning a probability of 1 if we are

certain that the event will happen, a probability of 0 if we are sure that the event will not

happen and 0.5 if we are only half-sure that the event will happen.

Basic Rules of Probability:

The Addition Rule

The probability of two events is the sum of the probability that either event

will happen subtracted by the probability that both will happen.

P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A and B)

Complementary Rule

The sum of probabilities of the event and its complement must be equal to

1. P(A)+P(A’)=1

Conditional Rule

The probability that an event B occurs when it is known that some event

A has occurred.

P(B, Given A)= P(A and B)/P(A)

Multiplication Rule

Events A and B both occur is equal to the probability that event A occurs

times the probability that event B occurs, given event A already occurred.

P(A and B)=P(A)xP(B, Given A)