40

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OCTOBER 2020 xf;NuhgH

RAMAN HOME COMFORT INC

H E A T I N G
Quality Products, Certified Technicians, Reliable Service & Reasonable Prices
®\¬Ì¶VÔ kV∫zDº√Vm Œ[´VˆºBV ∂´∑ kw∫zD n© ÿ√uƬÿÔV^·ÈVD
SAVE $2000 WHEN
PURCHASING A NEW Raman Chelliah
HIGH-EFFICIENCY FURNACE Sales Person
647-893-4414
Tel: 416-332-2989
Email: info@ramanhomecomfort.com Scarborough : C105-6055 Steeles Ave. East, Scarborough, ON M1X0A7

AEREN Thiyagarajah BEng DILEEP Thangavel

Realtor Realtor
aeren.realtor@gmail.com dileep.realtor@gmail.com

Dir: 647-888 3500 Dir: 416-666 2300 Suren Nathan AMP

Mortgage Broker
BUS: 905 201 9977 | FAX: 905 201 9229 License# M08004479

HomeLife/ Future Realty Inc., Brokerage Brokerage Lic# 10216 Dir. 416-436-1111
Independently Owned And Operated Office. 416-548-7475 Fax: 416-548-7496
205 - 7 Eastvale Drive, Markham, ON L3S 4N8 suren@bonafidemortgage.ca, 7 Eastvale Drive,Unit 203, Markham, ON, L3S 4N8

T| sBV√V´ WÁÈBD
kV∫Ô suÔ
HomeLife Today Realty Ltd., Kuna Nagalingam
Brokerage* Sales Representative
31 Progress Ave., Suite 210, Toronto, ON, M1P 4S6
Sujatha Kunasegar
Bus: 416-298-3200, Fax: 416-298-3440, Sales Representative
E-mail: kuna@kunahomes.ca
*Independently Owned and Operated.
416.402.4545

Ahilan
Thanabalasingham
Sales Representative
RE/MAX Royal Properties Realty Ltd.,
416.617.1767 Brokerage
Office: 905.471.0002 7595 Markham Road, Unit 19 Markham, ON L3S 0B6

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www.noolaham.org

Dr. Rajkumar Arulthasan

Forestbrook Pet Hospital
3-1105 Finch Ave, Pickering, ON L1V 1J7
Phone: 905-831-1118
Fax: 905-831-4119

info@forestbrookpethospital.com
www.forestbrookpethospital.com

Bridal makeup, Arangretram makeup

And for all your makeup needs
for auspicious ceremonies

Maliny Bridal
H 416 497 0052 | C 416 670 6942
malinyb@hotmail.com
Specialized in saree pleating
Professional makeup expert with 25 years
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 -3-

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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- m. fzgjpg;gps;is -
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cjtNtz;Lk; vdTk; [dhjpgjp typ
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kanapathipillai.a@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
13tJ jpUj;jk;! fUTk; cUTk;
13tJ jpUj;jk; xopf;fg;gl
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kd;w Kiwik %yk; rpWghd;ikf;
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fpof;fpYk; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpHtjw;fhd
murpa ntspia cz;lhf;fpAs;sJ.
4 Nkw;gb jpUj;jk; kpfTk; je;jpukhd
Kiwap GFj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
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khfhz kd;w Kiwik
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fg;gl;l XH xl;Lz;zp.
,yq;if-,e;jpa
cld;ghL:
1987 ,e;jpah ‘gUg;Gr; rhzf;fpak;’
(thd;top tPrpa czTg;nghjp) %yk;
,yq;ifap jiyapl;lij mLj;J>
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khf 13tJ jpUj;jj;ij nfhz;Lte;jJ
cz;ikNa. vdpDk; ,yq;if-,e;jpa
cld;ghl;Lf;F Kd;dNu> mjhtJ
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gw;wpa fUj;Jk;> khfhz kd;wk;
gw;wpa vz;zKk; ,q;F epytp
te;Js;sJ. mjhtJ khfhz kd;wq;fs;
gUg;Gld; NrHe;J thdpypUe;J tpo
tpiy!
njhd%H Mizak;:
1928 njhd%H Mizak; khfhz
kd;w Kiwikia tpje;Jiuj;jJ.
mjd; %yk; khfhzthrpfs; jj;jk;
mYtfis jhq;fNs epiwNtw;w
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Ntisg;gS FiwAk;> mur jpizf;
fsq;fs; ghupa Njrpaj; jpl;lq;fis
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NtW ,dj;jtHfspd; xUkpj;j mYt
fspdh ehL gadilAk;> mtHfspd;
gpujpepjpfs; ehl;bd; eyhl;rpf;Fj;
njhz;lhw;WthHfs;... vd;nwyhk; vjpH
ghHf;fg;gl;lJ.
kpfTk; tpUj;jpaile;j xU khfhzj;jp
khfhz kd;w Kiwikiag; guPl;rpj;Jg;
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2020
Vida khfhzq;fspYk; mijg;
GFj;Jk;gbAk; njhd%H Mizak;
tpje;Jiuj;jJ.
mur kd;wk;:
1940 khfhz kd;w Kd;nkhopit
mur kd;wk; fUj;jp nfhz;lJ.
mg;nghOJ (1940-07-10k; jpfjp)
MH.v];.v];. FztHj;jdh> ‘khfhz
kd;wq;fs; gw;wpa njhd%H Miz
aj;jpd; Kd;nkhopit cldbahf
eilKwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;’ vd;w jPH
khdj;ij Kd;itj;jhH.
gz;lhuehaf;fh:
cs;@uhl;rp mikr;rH gz;lhuehaf;fh
mur kd;wj;jp Kd;itj;j mwpf;if
ap 3 $Wfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;bdhH:
4 Nkw;ghHit>
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Ak; mtw;Wf;F xJf;fg;gLk; mjpfhuq;
fisAk; mur kd;wk; fUj;jp
nfhz;lJ. 1947k; Mz;L tuTnryTj;
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-5-
ehaf;fh gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhH:
‘mLj;j Mz;L (1948) khfhz kd;w
Kd;nkhopit vd;dh Kd;itf;f
KbAk; vd;W ehd; vz;ztpiy. Prof. Gamini Keerawella
Kd;nkhopT jahuhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ.
Mdh mJ vdJ mikr;ruitr;
rfghbfspd; mYtfSld; rk;ge;jg; jkpop:
gl;l Kd;nkhopT vd;wgbah> mij
ehd; ,e;j kd;wj;jpd;Kd; itf;f - kzp NtYg;gps;is -
Kd;dH mjdhyhFk; khw;wq;fSf;F
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Vw;ghL ,yq;ifap gpujpepjpj;Jt
nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ.’ mjhtJ>
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iffis jkpoH jiyik vOg;gpa
jpiy vd;gJ ,q;F ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ.
Ml;rpajpfhuk;:
rkepiyia epiyehl;baJ. Nrhgup
Mizak; mij ahg;gp nghwpj;jJ.
Nrhgup Mizak;:
Nrhgup Mizak; murpaahg;gp
nghwpj;j gpujpepjpj;Jt rkepiyia
Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapd; Ml;rpahsH cld
bahfNt Fog;gpabj;jhHfs;. 1948k;>
1949k; Mz;Lfsp GFj;jg;gl;l Fb
Aupikr; rl;lq;fs; ,yq;ifapd; murp
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kd;wj;jp khfhzq;fSf;F ,Uf;
iffs; xJf;Fk; Vw;ghl;il mit
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ahg;Gf;fhd Kd;nkhopTfis Kd;
jiyapl toptFj;jd.
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gl;lJ. mit ¾ ngUk;ghdikAld;
rpWghd;ikNahH Fwpg;gpl;lsT ,Uf;
epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W typ
iffis nty Nrhgup ahg;G tif
AWj;jg;gl;lJ. Ml;rp kd;wj;jp kf;
nra;jgbahjhd; mij mtHfs;
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Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpdh vOe;jJ. jdpNa
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ap mikAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; epuhf
mlq;fpa ,e;jpaj; jkpoupd; FbAup
upf;fg;gl;lJ. khwhf> 75>000 NgUf;F
ikia kWg;gJ> mtHfspd; ehlhS
XH ,Uf;if> mj;Jld; 1>000 rJu
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FWjp kPwg;gl;J. mjhtJ Nrhgup
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Jt Kd;nkhopit Nrhgup Mizaj;
jpd;Kd; itj;jhH. mjhtJ ngUk;
nghWikapoe;j rh.N[.Nt. nrt-
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Nawp> gpuNjr thjj;ij Kd;itj;J>
fSf;F 50% gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij mtH
jkpouRf; fl;rpia mikj;jhH. vdpDk;>
NfhupdhH. gz;lhuehaf;fh 60f;F 40
1952 eilngw;w NjHjyp mtuJ
Nahridia Kd;itj;jhH. nghd;dk;
gpuNjrthjk; tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk;
gyk; mij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> cj;Njr
epuhfupf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpo; fhq;fpuNr
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ntw;wpngw;wJ.
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13tJ jpUj;jk;...
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mjd; gpwF epiyik khwpaJ. 1955
vd;.Nf. nrhf;rp jiyikap mike;j
cs;@uhl;rp Mizak;> ehl;b gpu
Njr kd;wq;fs; mikf;fg;gLtjw;F
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nfhz;lJ. vdpDk;> gpuNjr kd;wq;
fis tpLj;J khfhz kd;wq;fs;
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thap khfhzq;fis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L gpuNjr kd;wq;fis mikf;
Fk; Kd;nkhopT fUj;jp nfhs;sg;
gl;lJ. mjhtJ (1987) 13tJ jpUj;jk;
vOtjw;F 30 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu
gpuNjr kd;wq;fs; fUj;jp nfhs;sg;
gl;ld! gz;lh-nrth xg;ge;jk; gFjp
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gb ehlhSkd;wj;jp Kd;itf;fg;gl
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khfhzk; xU gpuNjrg; gug;ghf mika
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gltpUe;jJ.
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myJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l gpuNjrq;fs;
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kd;wq;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk; mjp
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jd. mtw;Wf;F kj;jpa muR nkhj;j
khdpak; mspf;ftpUe;jJ. mj;Jld;
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toq;fg;gltpUe;jd.
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murhq;fk; xUjiyg;gl;rkhf gz;lh-
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nfLf;fg;gl;lJ. kf;fis Ml;nfhz;l
gz;lhuehaf;fh Nkw;gb murpa NgH
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jj;ijf; fhj;jUstpiy. jkJ murhq;
fj;jpd; cs;NsNa jkf;F Mjutpiy
vd;gijf; fz;Lnfhz;l gz;lhu-
ehaf;fh> xg;ge;jj;jpd; vjpupfis vjpH
nfhs;sj; Jzpatpiy.
gz;lh-nrth xg;ge;jj;Jf;F NeHe;j
fjp midtUf;Fk; njupAk;. vdpDk;>
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GijAz;L Nghdjpiy. khw;W tbtp
mit jpUk;gj; jpUk;g jiyfhl;b
te;Js;sd.
ll;yp-nrth xg;ge;jk;:
gz;lh-nrth xg;ge;jj;ij vjpHj;J
njUtp ,wq;fpa If;fpa Njrpaf;
fl;rp 1965 jkpouRf; fl;rpAld; xj;J
Nkt NeHe;jJ. ll;yp-nrth xg;ge;jk;
3 $Wfis cs;slf;fpaJ:
4 jkpo; nkhop cupikfs;
4 fhzp cupikfs;
4 mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk;.
cWg;Giu 3d; gb> ,yq;ifap
khtl;l kd;wq;fs; mikf;fg;gLk; ,U
jiytHfSk; cld;gLk; Jiwfsp
mtw;Wf;F mjpfhuq;fs; mspf;fg;gLk;
Njrpa eyd;fisf; fUj;jp nfhz;L>
Nkw;gb kd;wq;fSf;F murhq;fk;
gzpg;Giu tpLf;Fk;.
Kd;ndhUfh rupepfH nkhopAupik
ehba ,lJrhup nghJTilikf; fl;rp
Ak;> ,yq;if rkrkhrf; fl;rpAk; ,g;
nghOJ ,yq;ifr; Rje;jpuf; fl;rpAld;
ifNfhj;J jkpo; nkhop (rpwg;G Vw;
ghLfs;) xOq;Ftpjpfis vjpHj;jd.
khtl;l kd;w Vw;ghLfis ehlhS
kd;wj;jpd;Kd; itf;Fk; tif njup
ahJ ll;ypapd; $l;lurhq;fk; jLkhwp
aJ. <w;wp (1968) mjw;fhd nts;is
mwpf;if Kd;itf;fg;gl;J. ,yq;ifr;
Rje;jpuf; fl;rp ehlhSkd;w tpthjj;
ijg; Gwf;fzpj;J vjpHg;gpurhuj;jp
<Lgl;J. murhq;fj;jpd; cs;NsNa
vjpHg;Gf; fpsk;gpaJ. <w;wp jkJ
xg;ge;jj;ij ll;yp kWjypj;jhH.
t. nghd;dk;gyk;:
1972 rpWghd;ikNahupd; gq;fspg;gpd;wp
tiuag;gl;l ahg;Gf;F kWg;Gj; njup
tpj;j nrtehafk;> jkJ ehlhS
kd;w mq;fj;Jtj;ij Jwe;jhH. fhye;
jho;j;jp 1975 If;fpa Njrpa Kd;dzp
murhq;fk; fhq;Nfre;Jiw njhFjpap
,ilj;NjHj elj;jpaJ. nrtehafj;
Jf;F vjpuhf nghJTilik kwtuhfpa
t. nghd;dk;gyj;ij murhq;fk; epWj;
jpaJ. nrtehafk; 25>927 thf;F
fisAk;> nghd;dk;gyk; 9>457 thf;F
fisAk; ngw;wdH.
ifNahL nghd;dk;gyk; nghJTil
ikf; fl;rpapypUe;J ntspNawpdhH.
gpuNjr mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; Nkw;
nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;W XH mwpf;if
NjHj ehSf;F Kd;dH ntspaplg;
gLk; vd;W nghd;dk;gyj;jplk; gpujkH
rpwpkhNth thf;FWjp mspj;j rq;fjp
gpwF njupate;jJ. nre;jkpoH MF
Nthk; vd;nwhU E}iy mtH vOjp
dhH. rhe;jrPyd; fjpHfhkH mij
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b ,t;thW $WfpwhH: fspd; tY NkNyhq;fpaJ.
‘1975 NjHjyp jhKk; ,lJrhup gpujkH ,e;jpuh:
jkpoUk; mUk;ghL gl;lhHfs; vd;Wk;>
mg;gb ,Ue;Jk; jkJ fhfis 1983 Mbf; fytuj;ij mLj;J jkpo;
Ml;rpahsH thuptpl;lhHfs; vd;Wk;> ehL nfhe;jspj;jJ. ‘,e;jpa kj;jpa
,ilj;NjHjYf;F 48 kzpj;jpahyq; muR ,yq;ifj; jkpoH gpur;rpidia
fSf;F Kd;dH tlf;fpw;Fk; fpof;fpw;Fk; ntWkNd xU jkpo;ehl;Lg; gpur;rpid
fzprkhdsT Rahl;rp mspg;gJ gw;wpa
Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs; fhq;Nfre;Jiwap
thup ,iwf;fg;gLk; vd;W jk;kplk;
njuptpf;fg;gl;jhfTk;> mJ gz;lh-
nrth xg;ge;jj;ijAk; tpQ;rpa el
tbf;ifaha; mikAk; vd;W mtw;wp
nghwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; vd;W jk;kplk;
thf;FWjp mspf;fg;gl;ljhfTk;> filrp
Neuj;jp murpd; caHkl;lk; thf;FW
jpia kPwpajhfTk;> fhl;bf;nfhLg;Gf;F
nghJTilikf; fl;rp mbgzpe;jjhf
Tk; nghd;dk;gyk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.’
N[.MH. n[atHj;jdh:
jkpo;NgRk; kf;fspd; cs;sf;Fiw
fisj; jPHf;f midj;Jf; fl;rp khehL
elj;jg;gLk; vd;W 1977 NjHjYf;F
Kd;dH N[.MH. n[atHj;jdh thf;
FWjp mspj;jhH. vdpDk; mtH NjH ahff; nfhs;shJ Njrpag; gpur;rpid
jyp ntd;W gjtp Vw;W xU ahff; nfhs;SfpwJ’ vd;W gpujkH
khjj;Js;> 1977 Mf];l; 12k; jpfjp> ,e;jpuh Koq;fpdhH. fytuk; %z;L
jkpoUf;F vjpuhf %z;l fytuj;jp ,uz;Nl ,uz;L ehl;fSs; mtH
300 jkpoHfs; nfhyg;gl;lhHfs;. n[atHj;jdhit njhiyNgrpap
,yq;ifj; jkpoUf;fhf thjhLtjw;F mioj;J tprhupj;jhH. ‘XH mjpfhu
mikr;ruitj; jFepiy nfhz;l xU G+Htkhd gpujpepjpia ,yq;iff;F
gpujpepjpia ,yq;iff;F mDg;Gk;gb mDg;gpitAq;fs; mtH Neup epiy
1977 Mf];l; 24k; jpfjp jkpo;ehL ikia mtjhdpj;J> ehLjpUk;gp
cq;fSf;F mwptpg;ghH vd;W
n[atHj;jdh gpujkH ,e;jpuhtplk;
njuptpf;f NeHe;jJ’ vd;W Nf.vk;.b
rpth Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. A+iy 29k;
jpfjp ntspAwT mikr;rH eurpk;kuht;
,yq;if te;jnghOJk; $l nfhOk;G
vupe;Jnfhz;Ljhd; ,Ue;jJ.
[p. ghHj;jrhujp:
gpujkH ,e;jpuhtpdh ,zf;feLtuhf
mkHj;jg;gl;l ghHj;jrhujpf;F ,lg;gl;l
gzpfs;:
muR ,e;jpa kj;jpa muir Ntz;b
aJ. ,yq;ifap cs;s ,e;jpaj;
J}JtNu me;j mYtiyf; ftdpg;
ghH vd;W gpujkH nkhuhH[p Njrha;
njuptpj;jhH.
thf;FWjp mspj;jthW midj;Jf;
fl;rp khehl;ilf; $l;lhkNyNa khtl;l
mgptpUj;jp kd;wq;fis N[.MH.
n[atHj;jdh Kd;nkhope;jhH. ,se;
jkpoupd; fLk; vjpHg;igAk; kPwp jkpoH
If;fpa tpLjiy Kd;dzp khtl;l
4 gpur;rpidiag; Ngrpj;jPHg;gjw;fhd
mgptpUj;jp kd;wq;fsp gq;Fgw;wpaJ.
me;j Kd;dzpf;F mJ Ngupbaha;
R+o;epiyia Vw;gLj;j.
khwpaJ. xUGwk; Neub MAjg;
Nghuhl;lj;ij ehba ,isQHfs; 4 ,yq;if muRf;Fk; jkpo;f; fl;rp
khtl;l mgptpUj;jp kd;wq;fis vjpHj; fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,ileLtuhfr;
jhHfs;. kWGwk; kj;jpa muNrh epU nraw;gl.
thfj;ijg; gd;Kfg;gLj;j kWj;jJ. 4 Gjpa mjpfhug; gutyhf;f Kd;
kd;wq;fspd; KbGfs; midj;Jk; nkhopTfis Kd;itj;j.
kj;jpa mur gpujpepjpapdh fz;bg;ghd
Kiwap fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; 4
kPz;Lk; (1981) jkpoUf;F vjpuhd fy $Wfis nfhl;tpNu
tuq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd. jkpo; ,isQH Fzj;jpyfh
fSf;F jQ;rk; mspf;Fk;gb jkpo; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shH:
ehl;b 20 murpa fl;rpfs; gpujkH
,e;jpuhit Ntz;bf;nfhz;ld. jkpo 4 ,e;jpa - ,yq;if muRfSf;F
Uf;F vjpuhd td;Kiw Fwpj;J ,ilapyhd Ngr;RthHj;ij.
,e;jpah ftdk; nrYj;jj; Jtq;fpaJ.
1977 Kj 1983 tiu jkpo; ,af;fq;
njhlu;jy; 7k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
13tJ jpUj;jk;...
6k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
4 ,e;jpa
muRf;Fk; jkpo;f; fl;rp
fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Ngr;RthHj;ij.
4 ,yq;if murpa fl;rpfspd;
re;jpg;Gfsp crhj;Jiz.
4 ,yq;if muRf;Fk; jkpo;f; fl;rp
fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Ngr;RthHj;ij.
Kjw;fl;l Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; Mtzp
Kj fhHj;jpif tiu ePbj;jd. gpuNjr
kd;wq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
,U jug;GfSk; xU jpl;lj;ij Vw;Wf;
nfhz;ld. mJ gpd;dpizg;G-rp vdg;
gl;lJ.
midj;Jf; fl;rp khehL:
Kjw;fl;l Kd;nkhopTfis Muha;
tjw;F XH midj;Jf; fl;rp khehl;il
n[atHj;jdh ijkhjk; $l;bdhH.
j.I.tp.K. cl;gl jkpo;f; fl;rpfs;
midj;Jk; gpuNjr kd;wq;fSf;F fPo;g;
gl;l vijAk; Vw;f kWj;jd. rpq;fsf;
fl;rpfs; khtl;l kd;wq;fSf;F Nkw;
gl;l vijAk; Vw;f kWj;jd. vjpUk;
GjpUkhd epiy Xq;fpaJ. n[atHj;
jdhtpd; <lhl;lKk; ntFspj;jdKk;
mg;gl;lkhf ntspg;gl;ld. gpd;dp
izg;G-rpia Mjupj;J mtH thjhl
tpiy. Mjyh mJ tYtpoe;jJ.
mg;Gwk; (1984 nrg;nuk;gH 30k; jpfjp)
midj;Jf; fl;rp khehl;il mtH
,ilepWj;jpdhH.
mkpHjypq;fk;:
,jw;fpilNa murhq;fk; 10tJ jpUj;j
Kd;nkhopTfisAk;> khtl;l-gpuNjr
kd;w tiuitAk; jahupj;jJ. 1984
brk;gH 21k; jpfjp midj;Jf; fl;rp
khehl;il n[atHj;jdh KbTWj;
jpdhH. 1985 ijkhjk; j.I.tp.K.Tld;
Nkw;gb Kd;nkhopTfis Muhag;
Nghtjhf mtH njuptpj;jhH. 10tJ
jpUj;jj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhf mkpH-
jypq;fk; Kjyp njuptpj;jhH. gpwF
mjp fhzg;gl;l Kd;nkhopTfis
Vw;fKbahJ vd;W njuptpe;jJld;>
mtH ehl;il tpl;L ntspNawpdhH.
mg;Gwk; Nkw;gb Kd;nkhopTfis
kPl;Lf;nfhs;tjhf n[atHj;jdh mwp
tpj;jhH.
jpk;G:
1985 Mdpkhjk; n[atHj;jdhTk; mj;
Jyj;KjypAk; gpujkH uh[Pt; fhe;jpiar;
re;jpj;J ,e;jpahtpd; MjuTld; jkpo;j;
jug;GfSld; Ngrp ,dg; gpur;rpidiaj;
jPHf;f cld;gl;ldH. 1985 Mtzp khjk;
jpk;Gtp ,yq;if muRf;Fk; jkpo;
,af;fq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa Neubg;
Ngr;RthHj;ij eilngw;wJ. MW
2020
,af;fq;fSk; ‘ehd;F newpj; jpl;lk;’
xd;iwAk;> ,yq;ifj; J}Jf;FO XH
mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj; jpl;lj;ijAk;
Kd;itj;jd. ,U jug;Gk; tpl;Lf;
nfhLf;ftpiy. mj;Jld; jpk;Gg;
Ngr;RthHj;ij Kbtile;jJ.
tl;lNkir khehL:
1986 n[atHj;jdh xU tl;lNkir
khehl;ilf; $l;bdhH. khfhz kd;wq;
fis mbg;gilahf; nfhz;L mjp
fhug; gutyhf;f Nahridia mtH
Kd;itj;jhH. ,yq;ifr; Rje;jpuf;
fl;rp mjp fye;Jnfhs;stpiy.
vdpDk; jiytp rpwpkhNth jdpg;gl;l
Kiwap n[atHj;jdhTld; Ngr
,zq;fpdhH. ,yq;if muRk;
j.I.tp.K.Tk; 3 khjq;fs; fye;Jiu
ahbajd; ngWNgwhf xU khfhz
kd;w tiuT mUk;gpaJ. nkhj;jk; 50
gf;fq;fs; nfhz;l mjpfhuG+Htkhd
Mtzq;fisg; ghHitapl;l Nf.vk;.b
rpth> mtw;wp cs;slq;fpa $W
fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shH:
4 ahg;Gj; jpUj;j tiuT.
4 khfhz kd;w tiuT.
4 Nrkepu.
4 cldpfo; epu.
4 khfhz epu.
4 rl;lKk; xOq;Fk;.
4 fhzpAk; FbNaw;wKk;.
4 ftp.
ngq;f@H cr;rkhehL:
1986 fhHj;jpif khjk; ngq;f@up
uh[Pt; fhe;jpAk;> n[atHj;jdhTk;
re;jpj;J Nkw;gb Kd;nkhopTfis
Muha;e;jdH. tl> fpof;F khfhzq;
fspd; ,izg;G xd;Nw jPHf;fg;glhj
rHr;ir aha; vQ;rpaJ.
gpughfud;:
jkpo;ehl;bypUe;J nraw;gl;l gpughfud;>
mq;F njhlHe;J jq;fpapUe;jh
,e;jpahtpd; neUf;FjYf;F cs;shf
NeUk; vd;W vz;zp 1987 aho;g;ghzk;
jpUk;gNt> epiyik mbNahL khwp
aJ. Gypfspd; eltbf;iffs; jPtpu
kilaNt ,yq;if muR aho; Flh
ehl;bd;kPJ nghUshjhu> Nghf;Ftuj;J
jilfis tpjpj;jJ. aho; epiytuk;
Fwpj;J ,e;jpahtpd; fupridia
ntspg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L uh[Pt; fhe;jp
jkJ nrhe;j J}JtH jpNd\; rpq;if
1987 gq;Fdp khjk; ,yq;iff;F
mDg;gp itj;jhH. mjw;Fg; gjp
tpidahf rpj;jpiu khjk; ,yq;if
muR xUjiyg;gl;rkhf 10 ehs;
-7-
NghHepWj;jj;ij mwptpj;jJ. MdhYk;
nfhOk;G Fz;Lntbg;gp 200 NgH tPl;bDs;Ns...
nfhyg;glNt tlf;fp mur gil
nfhjpf;Fk; vupf; nrhnfk; 11
kPz;Lk; jhf;Fj elj;jpaJ. ‘tpLjiy
- <];tud; ,uj;jpdk;
eltbf;if’ vd;Dk; Ngup tlkuhl;rp
jkpop: kzp NtYg;gps;is
kPJ jhf;Fj njhLf;fg;gl;lJ
jpUe;j ,lKz;L 15
,e;jpa CLUt:
e. ,utPe;jpud;
1987 ,yq;if thd;ntspapDs; fhf;fh Mrdk; 19
,e;jpa NghHtpkhdq;fs; CLUtpaij ghJrh Mde;jeluhrh
mLj;J khfhz kd;w mYt R+L
gpbj;jJ cz;ikNa. vdpDk; ,yq;if ngw;NwhUk; gps;isfSk;!
jz;lid mspf;fhJ xOf;ff;
apd; khfhz kd;w Kiwik vd;gJ
fl;Lg;ghl;ilg; gapw;Wtpj;j 22
,e;jpah ,q;F GFj;jpa XH xl;Lz;zp
j. rptghY
my vd;gij Nkw;gb tuyhW
njl;lj; njspthf czHj;JfpwJ.
Muk;gf; ftpf; fiyj;jpl;lk; 25
,yq;if Rje;jpuk; va;Jk; jWthap
vd;. fpU\;zFkhH
ypUe;Nj gNtW tpjq;fsp khfhz
kd;w Kiwik NgRnghUshf ,Ue;J ,iyAjpHfhy tPl;Lg; guhkupg;G 26
te;Js;sJ. ,yq;if muR cupa
Ntyh Rg;ukzpak;
Ntisfsp cupa eltbf;if vLf;
fhk <lhb te;jgbah> ,yq;ifapd; Ftyak; MSk; FbrhH nghwpapa 29
cs;ehl;L mYtfsp jiyapl mfzp RNu];
,e;jpahTf;F tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ.
cyfg; Nghup gq;Fgw;wpa
,e;jpah ,yq;ifapd; <lhl;lj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jp> gyte;j rhzf;fpak; Nkw; nethlh NghHf; fg;g 31
nfhz;L> ,yq;iff;Fs; mj;JkPwp FU mutpe;jd;
Eioe;J> ,e;ehl;L mYtyp jiy
apl;L> ,e;jpa-,yq;if cld;ghl;bd; Ngr;rp epjhdk; Ntz;Lk; 34
rp. ew;Fzypq;fk;
gpd;dpizg;gp nghjpe;jpUe;j mjd;
Gtpaurpa ,yf;Ffis va;jpaJ.
fyk;:
gz;ghLfspd; re;jpg;G ntsp 37
khfhz kd;w Kiwik:
RNyhr;rdh
,e;jpahtpd; jiyaPl;bdh xU rl;lg; Ngdh ez;gHfs; 39
Ngww;w gps;is vd;Dk; rhd;wpjio Fkhu; GdpjNty;
khfhz kd;w Kiwik nfhz;Ljpupa
NeHe;Js;sJ. vdpDk; xU kfg;Ngw;Wj; <oj;jpd; %j;j gilg;ghsp
jhjpapd; gq;fpidNa ,e;jpah ,q;F nr. fNzrypq;fd; 40
tfpj;jJ. ,e;j ehl;b murpa ny. KUfG+gjp
tYNth> fUj;jpa tYNth tha;f;fg;
ngwhj Ml;rpahsHfs; khfhz kd;w jd;dk;gpf;if> vjpu;fhyk; gw;wpa
ey;Yzu;T> jsuhj kdk;! 42
Kiwikia ,aw;ifahfNt ngw;
Mzp
nwLf;fj; jtwptpl;lhHfs;. mjp rpy
gpwtpf; FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jd. mj;
<oj;Jj; jkpoUtp j. rz;KfRe;juk; 43
Jld; khfhz kd;w Kiwikf;F
Nt. tpNtfhde;jd;
vjpuhf tlf;fp GypfSk;> njw;fp
N[.tp.gp.Ak; td;Kiwap ,wq;fpd.
ehlf tpupTiuahsH ujpjud; 45
Rje;jpuf; fl;rp mij vjpHj;jJ. Ml;rp
g. =];fe;jd;
ajpfhuj;ij xUKfg;gLj;Jk; kd
epiyapypUe;J n[atHj;jdh tpLglhj kiyaff; ftpij
gbah> 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpd;gbahd ,yf;fpar; nrnewp 53
mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; XH miuNtf; ky;ypag;Gre;jp jpyfu;
fhl;Lg; gz;lkhfNt ntspte;jJ.
xU if nfhLj;ij kW if gwpj;jJ! mUr;Rd; jgR 55
vdNt khfhz kd;w Kiwikapdh Qhdk; nyk;gl;
jj;jpj; jj;jpNa eilgapy Kbe;jJ.
P. tpf;Nd];tud;
Kj njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfk; 62
13tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; rpy
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gltpiy. mtw;Wf;
Fupa mYtfis kj;jpa muR jkpoH ,Uj;jypaj;jpd;
xJf;fpf; nfhLf;ftpiy. ehl;b ,yf;fpar; nrnewp! 65
NkNyhq;fpa ika Ml;rpajpfhuk;> kh. rpj;jptpdhafk;
khfhz kd;w Kiwik nraw;glh
ftpQdhapU! 69
thW jLj;J epd;Ws;sJ.
khtpyp ike;jd; rp. rz;Kfuh[
khfhz kd;w Kiwik vd;gJ Fb ,ny%wpah myJ Fkupf;fz;lk; 72
ahl;rpap XH mq;fk;. mjp vd;d m. fzgjpg;gps;is
Fiw ,Ue;jhYk;> mij xopf;f epah
ak; ,iy. mij xopf;f Kide; jkpoh ngUikAWk; jkpoH 74
jh> ,d;Dk; rpf;fyhd murpa nghd;idah tpNtfhde;jd;
gpur;rpidfs; Njhd;Wk;. ,d;Dk; ghu
J}ukhd tpisTfs; Vw;gLk;. jkpopa Ma;Tfs; -
tuyhWk; tsHr;rpAk; 76
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brk;gH 2016 Kj [pd;[pahq; gaq;f
uthj jhf;Fj vijAk; mDgtpf;f
tpiy vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;ba mjpfh
upfs;> ,e;j Kfhk;fs; td;Kiwiaj;
jLj;Js;sd vd;W $Wfpd;wdH.
2020
ntspehl;Lg; Gydha;thsHfis mD
kjpf;FkhW Nfl;Fk; ntspAyf Nfhupf;
ifia rPdh vjpHf;fpwJ. [pd;[pahq;fpw;
Fs; elf;Fk; vJTk; XH cs;tptfhuk;
vd;W mJ $wpAs;sJ. kf;fs; ,];
yhj;ij gpd;gw;Wtjh jz;bf;f NeH
j> jq;fs; tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf fht
yp itf;fg;gLj> Kfhk;fsp Jd;
GWj;jg;gl vd;W gy mePjpfis
kf;fs; mDgtpf;fpwhHfs; vd;gij mJ
kWf;fpwJ. 2019 ,d; Muk;gj;jp> mJ
[pd;[pahq;if ghHitaplTk;> xU
ikaj;ij Rw;wpg; ghHf;fTk; ntspehl;L
,uh[je;jpupfSf;F gy gazq;fis
Vw;ghL nra;Js;sJ. xU mnkupf;f
mjpfhup mij xU ehlf muq;Nfw;
wk; vd;W tpkHrpj;jhH.
[pd;[pahq;fp cs;s
Kfhk;fSf;F ntspNa
vd;d elf;fpwJ?
rPd murhq;fj;jpd; jPtputhj vjpHg;G
gpur;rhuj;jpd; xU Kf;fpa gFjpahf
,e;j Kfhk;fs; miktjw;F Kd;Ng>
[pq;[pahq;fp kj Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk;
mbg;gil kdpj cupikfs; kWf;fg;
gl;ljhf Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;lJ.
gy ,yl;rf; fzf;fhd kf;fis fz;
fhzpf;f mjpetPd njhopEl;gj;ij
ek;gpAs;s xU fz;fhzpg;G murhf
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apd; fPo; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nra;jp
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fs; kw;Wk; fpuhkq;fs; RkhH Ie;E}W
kf;fs; rJf;fq;fshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;ld.
xt;nthU rJf;fj;jpYk; xU fht
epiyak; cs;sJ. ,J Fbkf;fisg;
glnkLj;J> milahs ml;ilfis
fjpHg;glnkLj;J> tpuyilahsq;fisg;
gjpe;J> ifNgrpisr; Nrhjpj;J> Kf-
mq;fPfhug; glf; fUtpfis Mq;fhq;Nf
nghUj;jp> Msilahsj; juTfisj;
jpul;b mtHfisf; fz;fhzpj;J tU
fpwJ.
xUq;fpize;j $l;L eltbf;ifj; jsk;
vd;W miof;fg;gLk; xU ghupa juTj;
jsj;jp mit Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
re;Njf egHfspd; gl;baiy cUthf;f
nraw;if Ez;zwpT gad;gLj;JfpwJ.
K];yPk; tho;f;ifapd; gy mk;rq;fs;
ePf;fg;gl;lij [pd;[pahq;fp ,Ue;J
te;j gj;jpupifahsHfs; fz;Lgpbj;
jdH. nghJTilikf; fl;rp cWg;gpdH
fs; 2014 Kj ca;FH tPLfsp jq;f
mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH. ,uk;ohd; cz;
zhtpujk; cl;gl ‘jPtputhj’ elj;ijfs;
gw;wp mtHfs; mwpf;ifapl;ldH. kR+jp
fis mjpfhupfs; mopj;Js;sdH. mit
kpfTk; Nkhrkhd Kiwap fl;lg;gl;l
jhfTk;> topgLtHfSf;F Mgj;J cs;
sjhfTk; epahak; $wpdH. ca;FH kw;
Wk; gpw rpWghd;ikg; ngz;fs; fl;lha
fUj;jil kw;Wk; fUg;igf; fUtpnr
Uffs; gw;wp GfhH njuptpj;Js;sdH.
ca;FH ngw;NwhHfs; jq;fs; Foe;ij
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K];yPk;fSf;fhd
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lj; jil tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,];yh
kpa rl;lg;gb jahupf;fg;gLk; `yh
czTf;F vjpuhf xU gpur;rhuj;ij
murhq;fk; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.
rPdhit tpl;L ntspNawpa ca;FHfis
jpUg;gp mDg;GkhW kw;wa muRfis
Ak; nga;[pq; epHge;jpj;J tUfpwJ.
2015, jha;yhe;J> E}W ca;FHf
Sf;F Nk jpUk;gp mDg;gpaJ. 2017
, vfpg;J> gy khztHfis ehL
flj;jpaJ. ntspehLfsp thOk; rPd
ca;FHfs; gw;wpa jftfis Nrfupf;
TWj;jpajhf ICIJ $WfpwJ. mtHfs;
Fk;gb mjpfhupfSf;F rPd muR mwp
kPz;Lk; rPdhtpw;Fs; Eioe;jTld; ifJ
nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W cj;jutplg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
ntspAyfp vd;d gjp?
[pd;[pahq;fp ca;FHfs; fhtyp
itf;fg;gl;lij cyfpd; ngUk;ghyhd
kf;fs; fz;bj;Js;sdH. I.eh kdpj
cupikfs; jiytUk; I.eh. mjpfhup
fSk; Kfhk;fSf;Fr; nrd;W ghHit
apl Ntz;Lk; vd NfhupAs;sdH. kj
Rje;jpuj;ij kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;
[pd;[pahq;fp mjd; nfhs;iffis
khw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; INuhg;gpa
xd;wpak; rPdhtplk; Nfl;Ls;sJ. cld
bahf Kfhk;fis %lNtz;Lk; vd;
Wk; fhzhk Nghd ca;FHfs; gw;
wpa Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpyspf;f Ntz;
Lk; vd;Wk; kdpj cupik mikg;G
fs; rPdhtplk; typAWj;jpAs;sd.
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fsJ nghUshjhu cwTfs; kw;Wk;
-9-
%Nyhgha cwTfSf;F Kd;Dupik
nfhLj;J> gy murhq;fq;fs; kdpj
cupik kPwfis Gwf;fzpj;Js;sd.
[_iy 2019 ,> ngUk;ghYk; INuhg;
gpa ehLfspd; xU FO - K];yPk;
ngUk;ghd;ik ,yhj ehLfs; - [pd;-
[pahq;fp rPdhtpd; eltbf;iffis
fz;bj;J xg;gkpl;L I.eh kdpj cup
ikfs; jiytUf;F kl mDg;gpd.
kdpj cupikfsp rPdhtpd; ‘Fwpg;gp
lj;jf;f rhjidfis’ ghuhl;bAk; [pd;-
[pahq;fp mjd; ‘gaq;futhj vjpHg;G’
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kw;Wk; rTjp mNugpah cl;gl 36 ,];
yhkpa ehLfs; xg;gkpl;L I.eh kdpj
cupikfs; jiytUf;F jdp kl
mDg;gp itj;jd.
Kd;djhf - 2019,> I.eh kdpj
cupik kd;w mkHtpd; NghJ> ‘ca;FH
fs; kw;Wk; gpw K];ypk;fspd; gz;
ghl;L milahsq;fis KOikahf
ghJfhf;f’ rPdhtpd; ntspAwT mikr;
rH miog;G tpLj;jNghJ> ftiy njup
tpj;j xNu K];yPk; ngUk;ghd;ik ehL
JUf;fp kl;LNk!
mf;NlhgH khjk;> [pd;[pahq;fp K];-
ypk;fs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ljw;F ‘nghWg;
ghdtHfs; myJ cle;ijahdtH
fs;’ vd;W ek;gg;gLk; rPd mjpfhupfs;
kPJ tprh fl;Lg;ghLfis mnkupf;fh
tpjpj;jJ. NkYk;> fz;fhzpg;G njhop
El;g cw;gj;jpahsHfs; kw;Wk; [pd;[p-
ahq;fpd; nghJg; ghJfhg;G gzpafk;
cl;gl> mg;gFjpap cs;s KiwNf
LfSld; njhlHGila gy rPd epW
tdq;fs; kw;Wk; Kfikafq;fis mJ
fWg;Gg; gl;bayp NrHj;Js;sJ. mit
mnkupf;f jahupg;Gfis thq;Ftij
mJ jilnra;jJ.
[_d; 2020 ,> mnkupf;f [dhjpgjp
l;uk;g;> fhq;fpu]p ngUk; MjuTld;
,aw;wg;gl;l xU rl;lj;jp ifnaOj;
jpl;lhH. ,J nrd; cl;gl jdpegHfs;
ca;FHfis xLf;Ftij jLg;gjw;fh
dit vd;gij mtH typAWj;jpdhH.
gyte;j ciog;igg; gad;gLj;jhtz;
zk;> [pd;[pahq;fp kdpj cupik
kPwfSf;F gq;fspf;fhtz;zk;> mnk-
upf;f tzpf epiyaq;fs; tpahghuk;
nra;tij ,r;rl;lk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.
mnkupf;fhTk; kw;w ehLfSk; vLf;
ff;$ba NtW eltbf;iffis kdpj
cupikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mjupj;J
tUfpwJ: ‘Jd;GWj;jYf;F> JHg;gpuNah
fj;Jf;F cjTk; njhopEl;gq;fspd;
Vw;Wkjpia kWg;gJ’. ‘[pq;[pahq;fp
I.eh. tprhuizahsHfis mDkjpf;F
khW rPdhit typAWj;JtJ’. ‘Gyk;
ngaHe;j ca;FHfs; kPJ ,yf;F itf;
fhthW rPdhitj; jLg;gJ’. ‘[pd;[p-
ahq;fpypUe;J jg;gp Xba ca;FHf
Sf;F Gfyplk; mspg;gJ’ Nghd;w
Nfhupf;iffis r%f MHtyHfs; Kd;
tj;Js;sdH.
,];yhkpa ehLfs; vd;d
nra;jhHfs;?
[pd;[pahq; gpuhe;jpaj;jp ‘Rje;jpukhd
rHtNjr ghHitahsHfis’ rPdh mDk
jpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W 2019 A+iy khjk;
Nkw;F ehLfs; If;fpa ehLfs; rig
ap rkHg;gpj;j Kd;nkhopitj; Njhw;
fbf;f ghf;fp];jhd;> rT+jp mNugpah>
vfpg;J> If;fpa muG vkpNul;];> m-
[Pupah kw;Wk; gpw K];yPk; ngUk;
ghd;ik ehLfs; - jk;ik ek;gpf;if
apd; ghJfhtyHfshf fhl;bf; nfhs;
Sk; ehLfs; -
rPdhTf;F cjtpd!
pon.balarajan@thaiveedu.com
- 10 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
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nfhOk;G - Daily Mirror gj;jpupifapd; nrg;nuk;gH 3> 2020 ,jop vupf; nrhnfk; mtHfSl-
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nghOJ> rkhjhd J}Jtuhfg;
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FLk;gj;jtHfis epide;J ngUthup
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jPtputhjpfs; $WfpwhHfs;.
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ghHg;gJ rkhjhdj;ijNa!
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ijahsuhf tpsq;fpanghOJ
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fz;bg;gjp ehq;fs; fuprid vLf;f
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gl Kf;fpa murjug;Gj; jiytHfspd;
ek;gpf;ifiaAk; ehq;fs; ngw;wpUe;
Njhk;. mtHfSf;F vq;fs;kPJ ek;gpf;if
cs;stiu Mq;fhq;Nf vq;fisf; fz;
bg;gtHfisapl;L ehq;fs; myl;bf;
nfhs;stpiy.
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- nkhopngaHg;G: kzp NtYg;gps;is
Jiuahbatw;iw itj;Jr;
nrhYq;fs;: Gypfs; nka;ah
fNt rkhjdk; nra;a cWjp
G+z;bUe;jhHfs; vd;W ePq;fs;
vg;nghOjhtJ vz;zpdPHfsh?
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jpU. <];tud; ,uj;jpdk;
jp epiynfhz;l NtisapNyNa rkh
jhdj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. 2000-k;>
2001-k; Mz;Lfsp Gypfs; va;jpa
typikia mjw;F Kd;dNuh gpd;dNuh
mtHfs; va;jpajpiy. Midapwit
mtHfs; ifg;gw;wpapUe;jhHfs;. aho;
FlhehL KOtijAk; mtHfs; ifg;
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epiynfhz;l NtisapNyNa rkhjh
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gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH. 2007 Kj 2009
tiu epfo;e;j Nghupd; ,Wjpf; fl;lj;
jp mij ehq;fs; fz;Lnfhz;Nlhk;.
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• On fire with Erik Solheim, Easwaran Rutnum,
Daily Mirror, Colombo, 2020-09-03.
http://www.dailymirror.lk/dailymirror_online/
On-Fire-with-Easwaran-Rutnum-Erik-Solheim/
379-195065
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- 14 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020

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tp rl;lkhf;FNthk; vd;W mur jug;
gpdH $wptUfpd;wdH.
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[dhjpgjp xUtH ,U jlitfSf;F
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vj;jid jlitfSk; [dhjpgjpahf
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gpufhuk; k`pe;j uh[gf;r %d;whk;
Kiw Ml;rpiag; ngw Kw;gl;lhH.
mjid Kwpabj;J> ,U jlitfSf;F
Nk [dhjpgjpahf ,ayhJ vDk;
gj;njhd;gjhtJ jpUj;jj;ijf; nfhz;L
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uj;ijg; ngw;W cUthf;fpa jpUj;jk;
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gpujkUf;Fg; gfpHe;J nfhs;Sk; khw;
wj;ijr; nra;jpUe;jJ. ,j;jifa
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eilKiwf;F topNfhYtjhf ,Ue;j
epjHrdj;ij Kd;dpWj;jp khw;wj;jpd;
mtrpaj;Jf;fhd kf;fs; mq;fPfhuk;
ngwg;gl;lJ. mij itj;J N[.MH.
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[dhjpgjpf;Nf rHt mjpfhuq;fSk;
vDk; Nflhd epiy muq;NfWtij
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fs; RahjPdkhf ,aq;f Vw;wjhd
ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;F ifkhw;wj;jf;f mjp
fhuq;fs; gw;wpa ciuahlfs; vj;
jifa MNuhf;fpakhd khw;wq;fisg;
ngWk; vd;gijf; fhyk; fzpf;f cs;
sJ. ,Uf;fg;NghFk; Fiwghl;il Kd;
dpWj;jp NtnwhU tyhl;rpf;fhd kf;
fs; mq;fPfhuk; NfhUk; epiyAk; tu
,aYk;.
,tw;Wf;F mg;gh Gjpa murpa
mikg;nghd;iw cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJk; eyhl;rp - Gjpa murhq;fk;
vDk; ,uz;Lf;Fk; kf;fs; Nfhupf;
ifahf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tplak;jhd;!
,jidg; ngsj;j rq;fq;fs; ,g;NghJ
typAWj;jp epw;fpd;wd. Gjpa murp
ayikg;G ngsj;j - rpq;fs Nkyh
jpf;fj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdjhf
mika Ntz;Lk; vd;w vjpHghHg;G
xU jug;ghuplk; ,Uf;f ,aYk;.
mjid typAWj;J KfkhfNt jdpr;
rpq;fs thf;FfSld; mjpfhuj;ij vl;
Lk; tha;g;Gg; gw;wpa Ngr;Rfs; ,Ue;jd.
,yq;if FbauRf;fhd 1972> 1978
Mfpa ,uz;L ahg;GfSk; VNjhnthU
tifap ngsj;j - rpq;fs Nkyhjpf;
fr; rha ciladtha;f; fl;likf;
fg;gl;ljd; Ngwhf Vida [dehaf
2020
kWg;GfSf;fhd ntspfisf; nfhz;
bUe;jd. Vida Njrpa ,dq;fisr;
rkTupik cilad vdf; fUjhj mu
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ehafg; gz;Gld; jpfo KbahJ. mjd;
fhuzkhf vg;NghJk; epiwtw;wjhf
‘jpUe;j ,lKz;L’ vd;w ghlrhiyg;
gps;isfspd; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;iff;F
cupa MrpupaH Fwpg;gpd; epiy NkYk;
njhlu tha;g;Gs;sJ!
kyHe;Jk; kyuhj
Gjpa cyf xOq;F:
,e;jpa murpa ahg;G ,j;jifa
khw;wq;fis mbf;fb vjpHnfhs;shj
nghOJ ,yq;ifap kl;Lk; Vd; ,g;
gb vd;w Nfs;tpAk; vOg;gg;gLfpwJ.
mbg;gilahd tplak;> ,e;jpa ahg;G
cUthd R+o NtWgl;ljhf mike;
jpUe;jJ. ,e;jpah Njrpa tpLjiyf;
fhf gytbtq;fspYkhd Nghuhl;lq;
fis miu E}w;whz;Lf;F Nkyhf
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jsq;fsp jj;jkf;Fupa Nfhupf;iff
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ag; gz;Gf;Fupa ntt;NtW ,dj;jtH
fSk; tpLjiyf; Fwpf;Nfhsp xd;W
gl;L ,aq;fpdH.
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ngw;w gykhd mbAk; ,e;jpaj; Njrpa
tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l vOr;rpAk; fhuz
khfj; jtpHf;ftpayhk Rje;jpuj;ij
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fhd gzp xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
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murpaiy Kd;ndLj;J te;jtuhd)
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- 15 -
rhag; Gul;rpahdJ Nrhryprj;ij Nehf;
fpr; nry Vw;w kf;fs; rPdkhf tiu
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- e. ,utPe;jpud; -
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jiyikapyhd me;jf; $l;lurhq;fk;
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tsq;fisAk; mgfupf;Fk; vj;jdpg;G
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Njitaw;wJ vd ,e;jpag; ngU Kj
Mf> mnkupf;f Nkyhjpf;fj;ijAk; Vfh
yhsp tHf;fk; czHT nfhz;L> mjw;
jpgj;jpa ehLfisAk; Gwq;fhzr;
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nra;J vkf;fhd nrhe;j tpUj;jpia
ahsHfs; thapyhf Vw;gLj;jp tUfpwJ.
vl;Ltjw;F Kad;w NghjpYk; mit
fle;j E}w;whz;bd; gpd; miug;gFjpf;F
,d;dKk; fsj;jp mjpfhukkijAld;
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nrayhw;w Kad;wgb cs;sikiaf;
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ftdq;nfhs;s Ntz;batHfshNa ,Uf;
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nfhNuhdh Klf;fKk; mnkupf;f Nkyh
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jpf;fj;ijf; fjp fyq;fr; nra;Js;sJ.
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jkf;Fk; cupajhd Vfhjpgj;jpa eyd;
fhd cj;jpahf rPdhit Aj;jr; R+oYf;
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JUf;fpf;Fk; fpNuf;fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l njhlu;jy; 16k; gf;fk;
(2010 - 2019)
- 16 -
jpUe;j ,lKz;L...
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TRIGONOMETRY Etc. Etc.
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yhsp tHf;fj; jiyikapyhd If;fp
ag;gl;l rf;jpfspd; FbauR ahg;G
vt;tsTjhd; Kw;Nghf;Ff; Fzhk;rq;
fisf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOjpYk; ngU
Kjyhsp tHf;f tsHr;rpf;F toptFj;J>
,d;W XH Vfhjpgj;jpa ehlhfg; gup
zkpg;gjw;F ,lkspg;gjhf mike;J
tpl;lijf; fz;L tUfpNwhk;. ,Nj
NghyNt Njrpa Kjyhsp tHf;ff; $l;
lurhq;fk; ,yq;ifap cUthf;fpa
murpayikg;Gk; rpq;fs - ngsj;j
Nkyhjpf;fj;Jf;F tha;g;gspf;Fk; jt
iwr;nra;J> 1978, If;fpa Njrpaf;
fl;rpapd; ngU Kjyhsp tHf;fj;Jf;F
cupa murpa mikg;gpdh mg;Gwg;
gLj;jg;gLk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ. NeUtp
dJk; rpwPkhNth gz;lhuehaf;ftpd
Jk; Njrpa Kjyhsp tHf;f murpa
ehl;lj;jp xU gFjp tpLjiyf; Fzhk;
rKk; kPjpahd Nkyhjpf;f ehl;lKk;
Fbnfhz;bUe;jd. N[.MH. n[atHj;
jdtpd; ngUKjyhsptHf;f murpa
ehl;lk; cs;ehl;b Nkyhjpf;fj;Jld;
cyf Nkyhjpf;fj;Jf;F ehl;ilj; jhiu
thHj;Jf; nfhLg;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ.
I.Nj.f muR jkpo; Njrpaj;ij mur
gaq;futhjj;jpd; %ykhf mlf;fpnah
Lf;f Kide;j nghOJ ,e;jpah jdJ
Nkyhjpf;fj; jiyaPl;Lf;fhd tha;g;ghf;
fpf; nfhz;lJ. gpuhe;jpa Nkyhjpf;fk;>
Ngupdthj Nkyhjpf;fk; vd;gd kl;LNk
mjpfhuk; nrYj;j Kidtd vdf; fUj
Ntz;bajpiy. tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;
lj;ij Kd;ndLj;j <oj;jkpo; Njrp
aj;jpYk; Nkyhjpf;fj; Njrpa eyd;
nraw;gl;ljd; Ngwhf jiyik rf;jp
ahf jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; %d;W
jrhg;jq;fs; ePz;l cs;ehl;L Aj;
jj;ij Kd;ndLj;Jk; tpLjiyf;fhd
ve;jf; $iwAk; fhzhJ mopj;njhopf;
fg;gLk; epiyf;F Mshf NeHe;jJ.
kpfg; gpd;dilthd epiyf;F Mshfp
tpl;l nghOjpYk; tpLjiyj; Njrpaj;
Jf;F cupa gz;igj; jkpo; Njrpaj;
jh ngw ,ayhk cs;sJ. xU
gFjpapdH ,d;dKk; ,e;jpahtpd; Ie;
jhk; gilahf nraw;gLk; ‘Mz;l guk;
giu Nkyhjpf;f’ ehl;lj;Jld;. ,d;
ndhU jug;gpdH rHtNjr r%f ‘cyf
Nkyhjpf;fj;Jf;fhd’ fhl;bf;nfhLg;gpd;
‘%j;jFb’ nfj;jp tyk; tUfpd;wdH.
,Ujug;GfSk; rpq;fs Kw;Nghf;F rf;jp
fs;> Vida Njrpa ,dq;fspd; ciof;
Fk; kf;fs; gpuptpdH vd;w tpLjiy
murpaYf;fhd ehl;lj;ij Nkw;nfhs;sf;
$ba mzpfSld; ,ize;J Nghuhb>
,e;j kz;zp Vw;gl Ntz;ba khw;
wj;Jf;fhf ,aq;fj; jahuhf ,iy.
Nghjhf;Fiwf;F ,g;NghJ ,e;j ,U
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jug;gpdiuAk; xw;Wikg;gLj;jp kPz;
Lk; Vfg;gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij cUthf;F
tjd; thapyhf Nkyhjpf;fj; jkpo; Njrp
aj;ij tYg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpAk; Kd;
ndLf;fg;gl;L tuf;fhz;fpNwhk;.
,j;jifa Vfg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; [deh
afg; gz;gw;w Nkyhjpf;f ehl;lj;Jf;F
Ml;gLj;j topNfhYk; gpuhe;jpa - cyf
Nkyhjpf;fq;fSf;Ff; fhl;bf;nfhLj;J>
,yq;ifj; Njrj;jpd; ,iwikia
,of;f itj;jijg; Nghy Rje;jpuj;ij
Ak; gwpnfhLf;fr; nra;tjw;F top
rikf;Fk;. Nkyhjpf;fj; jkpo; Njrpa
rf;jpfs; ,aq;f Kbfpw fsj;jp tpL
jiyj; jkpo; Njrpa eyid Kd;dp
Wj;Jk; rf;jpfs; ,aq;Ftjw;fhd [d
ehaf R+oiy mDkjpf;Fk; gf;Ftj;ij
Kjyp ehk; vl;bahf Ntz;Lk;. MAj
Kidap khw;Wf; fUj;Jfs; fUtWf;
fg;gl;lJ NghyNt [dehaf kWg;G
td;Kiwf;fUj;jhl epiy tpLjiyj;
jkpo; Njrpa rf;jpfs; Rje;jpukhf
,aq;f ,ayhj R+oiy Vw;gLj;Jtjhf
cs;sJ.
tpLjiyj; jkpo; Njrpa mzpnahd;W
tPr;Rld; vOr;rpnfhs;Sk; nghOJ rpq;
fs kf;fs; kj;jpapYs;s ,e;jpa Nkyh
jpf;fj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy ngw;whf
Ntz;Lk; vd Kw;gl;L tUk; rf;jp
Njrpa ,dg;gpur;rpid Fwpj;j njspthd
epiyg;ghl;il te;jila toptFg;gjha;
mikAk;. Ke;jpa ,U murpayikg;G
fSk; Njrpa ,dq;fspd; RaepHza
cupik Fwpj;J njsptw;w epiyap
tpl;bUe;j jtwpidf; fise;J> Gjpa
murpa ahg;G xd;W jpUj;jkhd tif
ap cUthf;fg;gl Vw;wnjhU R+o
,jd; thapyhf Vw;gl tha;g;Gs;sJ.
kf;fs; kj;jpapyhd tpopg;GzHTld;
$ba ntF[dg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; murp
a Gupe;JzHit tsHf;Fk; gl;rj;jp
kl;LNk ghuhSkd;w murpathjp
fisf; FWfpa murpa eyd;fs;>
Raey ehl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J
kPl;nlLj;J MNuhf;fpakhd murpa
mikg;ig cUthf;f topg;gLj;j
,aYk;.
,d;iwa ghuhSkd;w murpathjp
fs; midtUNk FWfpa Njrpathjr;
rpijTfis cilatHfNs. jj;jk;
kj;jpapyhd Nkyhjpf;fj; Njrpa eyd;
fis Kd;dpWj;jp ,Wjp Nehf;fp tpL
jiyj; Njrpa ehl;lj;Jf;Ff; Fe;jfk;
tpisj;jtHfNs.
mtHfs; kj;jpapyhd xU rpy ey
mk;rq;fshapDk; tpupthf;fk; ngwNtz;
Lkhapd; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;F ntspNa
tpLjiyj; Njrpa vOr;rp czHit
midj;J ,d kf;fs; kj;jpapYk; Vw;
gLj;j tyjhd Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
Kw;Nghf;F rf;jpfs; Kd;ndLg;gJ ,d;
iwa tuyhw;Wf; flikahFk;! ,jd;
thapyhf kl;LNk MNuhf;fpakhd murp
a ahg;G cUthf
,aYk;!.
raveendran.n@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 17 -
- 18 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 19 -

fhf;fh Mrdk;
liyAk; kdijAk; rk Mrdj;jpw;F itj;J mOj;jp> cl ghuj;ij
c epiyg;gLj;j $ba tif
ap gNtW Mrdq;fs;
nrYk; Kiw:
n ghjq;fis mfl;ba epiyap Fe;jp
gbg;gbahf fhfspypUe;J Kd;gf;
fkhf iffis Nehf;fp nfhz;L
- ghJrh Mde;jeluhrh -
gapw;rp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. mj;jifa nryTk;. Kd;gf;fkhf ghHj;J>
,Uf;fTk;. kdij xU epiyg;gLj;jp itj;jpUg;gJ
njhU gapw;rpNa fhf;fh MrdkhFk;. cq;fSf;F Kd;dh ,Uf;ff;$ba
,g;gapw;rpia nra;tjd; %ykhf cl n iffis Koq;fhfSf;F ,ilap epiyahd VNjDk; xU nghUsp kpf Kf;fpak;.
kw;Wk; kdjp rkepiyiag; NgZt ,Uf;FkhW Njhs;fis Koq;fhf ftdj;ij nrYj;jp kdij xU
jw;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. fhf;fh Mr Sf;F Kd;ghf nfhz;L nryTk;. epiyg;gLj;jp ghHj;jtz;zk; ,Uf;f vd;dh ,g;gapw;rpia nra;a ,ayhJ
dk; kl;Lkd;wp> clypd; rkepiy ika n iffis Kd;dh nfhz;L te;J Tk;. vd;w vz;zj;JlDk;> jd;dk;gpf;ifAk;
khf itj;J nra;af;$ba gy Mr cs;sq;iffis epyj;jp mOj;jp ,yhJ ,g;gapw;rpia mZFtjw;
n kzpf;fl;Lg; gFjpAk;> Nk if
dq;fs; cs;sd. vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf;F xw;
iwf;fhyp epw;w> kap Mrdk;>
fOF Mrdk;> eluhrH Mrdk; kw;Wk;
jiyap epw;w Nghd;w gy Mrdq;
fs; cl kw;Wk; kdjp rkepiyj;
jd;ikia tsHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
gapw;rp nra;Ak; Mrdq;fshFk;. ,tw;
Ws; fhf;fh Mrdk; iffis epyj;jpNy
mOj;jp Vida cl ghfq;fis epyj;
jpypUe;J vOg;gp clypd; ghuj;ij
KOikahf iffspNy nrYj;jp nra;
Ak; MrdkhFk;. ghHg;gjw;F fbdkhd
xU Mrdkhf njd;gl;lhYk; njhlHr;rp
ahd Kaw;rpah rpy ehl;fsp ,g;
gapw;rpia nra;af;$ba jd;ikia
tsHj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

,e;j Mrd epiyahdJ fhfk; epw;g

ijg; Nghd;W ,Ug;gjdh fhf;fhrdk;
vdf; $WtH.

Nahfg; gapw;rpap mjpf <Lghl;Lld;

,Ug;gtHfs; clypd; ghuj;ij rkepiy
ap itj;jpUg;gjw;F rpy Mrd Kiw
fis ifahSthH. mt;thwhd rk
epiyj; jd;ikia NgZfpd;w Mrd
khf ,e;j Mrdj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpLtH.

clypd; rkepiyiag; NgZtjw;F cl

yp cs;s rkepiy Vw;gpfs; cjtp
ahf cs;sd. ,e;jr; rkepiy Vw;gpf
spd; nraghlhdJ vk;Kila cliy
rkepiyahf itj;J nrafisr; nra;
tjw;F cjtpahf cs;sd. rkepiy
Vw;gpfshd cs;fhJg; gFjpAk;> fz;
fs;> cl jirfs; kw;Wk; %l;Lfs;
%isAld; njhlHr;rpahf njhlHgp
,Ug;gjhNyNa vk;kh rkepiyahf
,Uf;f KbfpwJ. mj;jifa rkepiy
iag; NgZtjw;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;
Mrdq;fis gapw;rp nra;tjd; %yk;
cl kw;Wk; kdjp rkepiyj; jd;
ikia tsHj;Jf; nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
mj;jifa Mrdq;fis gapw;rp nra;
tjd; %ykhf vk;kh clypd; <Hg;G
ikaj;ij ,dk;fz;L cl jirfs;
kw;Wk; %l;Lfspd; xOq;fhd epiyia
Ak; Ngzp tsHf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,t;th
whfNt vk;Kila kdjp rkepiyia
mile;J cs;epiyap rk epiyia
milaTk; rkepiyia ikakhff; itf;fTk;. gFjpAk; mOj;jk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.
nfhz;L nra;af;$ba gapw;rpfs; rup Fk;> Mrdj;Jf;Fs; te;jgpd; epiy
n ,Uif tpufSk; xd;NwhL xd;W n iffsp mOj;j epiyia nfhz;L
ahf ,Uf;Fk;. nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,e;j vz;zq;fs; jil
ghHj;jtz;zk;> rpwpJ cs;gf;fkhf te;j gpd;G nkJthf epyj;jpypUe;J ahfTk; mike;JtpLk;. vdNt njspe;j
jpUg;gp> gug;gp tpupj;J itf;fTk;. fhfisj; J}f;fTk;. ,uz;L fh kdJlDk; jPHf;fkhd KbTlDNkNa
,t;thwhf cl> kdJ> Gj;jp> rf;jp
Koq;iffis rpwpJ kbj;J cs;sq; fisAk; J}f;f Kbahtpl;lh xU ,g;gapw;rpap epiy nfhs;syhk;. mj;
epiy kw;Wk; cs; czHr;rpfspd; rk
iffisAk; if tpufisAk; ed; fhiy J}f;fpa gpd;G kW fhiy Jld; ,g;gapw;rpap epiy nfhs;tjw;F
epiyia miltjw;F fhf;fhrdk;
whf epyj;jp mOj;jp itj;Jf; Ak; J}f;fTk;. gpd;tUk; tplaq;fsp ftdj;ij nrYj;
Nghd;w rkepiyia tsHj;Jf; nfhs;
nfhs;sTk;. ,e;epiyap fhfj;jpd; JtJ Kf;fpak;.
sf;$ba gapw;rpfis nra;tjd; %yk; n cl ghuk; iffspd; kzpf;fl;Lg;
ghjq;fs; ,Ug;gijg; Nghd;W iftp
milayhk;. gFjpap ,Uf;Fk; Koq;fhfs; n xOq;fhf 10 if tpufisAk; epyj;
ufis gug;gp itf;fTk;.
iffspd; Nk gFjpf;F MWj jpNy mOj;jp clypd; ghuj;ij cs;
n Fjpfhfis caHj;jpa epiyap nfhLj;j epiyap ,Uf;Fk; cl sq;iffspYk; iftpufspYk; rk
gapw;rpf;F jahHgLj;j:
clk;ig rpwpJ Kd;dh nfhz;L ghuj;ij jhq;Ftjw;F trjpahf khf itj;jpUg;gjd; %ykhfTk; ,t;
te;J> Njhs;fis cs;sk; iff jiyia caHj;jp cliy Kd;gf; thrdj;jp epiyahf ,Uf;fyhk;.
cl> kdepiy> %r;R epiy ,it
Sf;F NkNy Neuhf ,Uf;FkhW fkhf nfhz;L nryTk;.
fis MWj gLj;jp Mrdj;jpw;F n ,Lg;ig Nk Nehf;fp ce;jp J}f;fp
itf;fTk;.
jahuhf Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Mrdj;ij n ghjq;fs; Nkw;gf;fkhfTk; ,Lg;Gg; itj;jpUf;Fk; iyapypUe;J epiyjs
fhfis mfl;b Fe;jpapUe;j epiy n Fjpfhfis caHj;jp> clk;ig gFjp caHj;jg;gl;Lk; MWj epiy uhJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. iffspd;
ap gapw;rpf;F jahuhf Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ,ad;wtiu ,d;Dk; Kd;dh ap ,Uf;Fk;. Nk ,Uf;Fk; Koq;fhfs; tOf;
Mrd epiyap clypd; ghukhdJ nfhz;Lte;J te;jgb itj;Jf; fhk ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gjp
clypd; fPo;g;gFjpap Muk;gpj;J Nk nfhz;L fh tpufSf;F mOj; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Mrdj;jp
clk;Gf;F khw;wg;gLk; jd;ik tha;e; jk; nfhLj;J ,Lg;ig caHj;jTk;.
n fh tpufis Nk Nehf;fpathW
jJ MFk;.
epiy nfhs;s:
n Koq;fhfis Nkw; gf;f ifap
mf;Fs; gFjpf;F mUfhikap
,e;j Mrdj;jp epiy nfhs;tjw;F> njhlu;jy; 20k; gf;fk;
- 20 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020

tpahf ,Uf;Fk;. mNjNghd;W fl;Lg; Mrdj;jpd; gad;fs;:

fhf;fh Mrdk;... ghl;Lld; epiyFiye;J gapw;rpapd;
nghOJ Mrdj;ij tpl;L ntsp ifg;gFjp jirfs; KOtJk; ed;F
19k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... fis nkJthfTk; czHTG+Htkh tuKw;gl;lh gag;glhJ gapw;rpia ,Of;fg;ngWtJld; tpufs;> kzpf;
fTk; ftdj;JlDk; mZFtJ gapw; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g Kaw;rp nra;aTk;. fl;Lg;gFjp ahTk; ed;F ,Of;fg;gL
itj;Jf;nfhz;L fZf;fhfis ePl; rpapd; ntw;wpfhd NgUjtpahf ,Uf; tJld; cWjp milfpd;wd. Njhs;
bj;J> Gl;lj;jirfis Nehf;fp itj; Fk;> khwhf jpBnud Ntfkhf gapw; Mrdj;jp gFjp jirfSk; ,Of;fg;gl;L gyk;
jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpfis mZFtJ rk epiyia %r;rpd; jd;ik: ngWfpd;wd. vYk;Gfs;> %l;Lf;fis
mila cjtpahf ,Uf;fhJ. nragLj;Jk; girj; jd;ikahdJ
Mrdj;jp ,Ue;J mjpfupg;gJld; vYk;Gfis ,izf;Fk;
n %r;ir mikjpahfTk; rPuhfTk; itj; Mrd epiyf;F tUk;nghOJ %r;rhdJ
ntspNa tUk; epiy:

,t;thrdj;jpypUe;J ntsptUk; nghOJ>

,uz;L fhfisAk; xd;whf epyj;
Jf;F nfhz;L nfhz;Ltu Kw;gl;lh
fZf;iffsp rpwpJ jhf;fk; Vw;gl
tha;g;Gs;sJ. vdNt xt;nthU fhyhf
epyj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J> Mrdj;ij
tpl;L ntspNa tUtJ eyJ. Mr
dj;jpypUe;J ntspte;jgpd; fZf;if
fis Row;wp nfhs;tjd; %yk; fZf;
iffsp Vw;glf;$ba ,Wf;fq;fis
jsHj;j cjTk;.

,g;gapw;rpia nra;tjw;F Kd;G gapw;

rpia vspikg;gLj;j gpd;tUk; Fwpg;G
fis ftdj;jp nfhs;sTk;:
n ,e;j Mrdj;ijr; nra;tjw;F mbj;

jskhf ,Uf;ff;$ba iffis mf

ykhf epyj;NjhL ed;whf mOj;jp
itg;gjd; %ykhf vspikahf ,e;j
Mrdj;ij mZfyhk;.
n NjHe;njLf;fg;gLk; ikag;Gs;spia>
njhiytp NjHe;njLf;fhJ cl
Yf;F mUfp NjHe;njLg;gjd; %y
khf vspikahf rk epiyia
mila KbfpwJ. fhf;fhrdj;jp
,uz;L iffSf;Fk; eLtp vk;
Kila ftdj;ij xUepiyg;gLj;jp
fz;fsh xU ikag; Gs;spia
ftdpj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Ug;gjd; %y
khf vspikahf Mrdj;jp epiy ,aghd epiyap ,Uf;Fk;. KOjhf jir ehHfs;> jirfis vYk;GfSld;
Jf;nfhs;tjd; %yKk; rkepiyia
nfhs;syhk;. Mrd epiyf;F nrYk;nghOJ %r;ir ,izf;Fk; jirehHfs; rupahd ,af;
ikakhff; nfhz;L nra;af;$ba
n rkepiyiag; Ngzf; $ba Mrdq; ed;whf cs;nsLj;J epWj;jp itf;f fk; ngw;W> ,aghf nragLk; epiy
gapw;rpfsp ntw;wpia mila cj
Ntz;Lk;. Mrd epiyf;F te;j gpd;G milfpd;wd.
%r;rhdJ ,aghf cs;Ns ,Oj;J
ntspNa tplNtz;Lk;. neQ;Rg; gFjp tpuptile;J mg;gFjp
jirfspd; mirT ,yFthf;fgLtj
dh %r;R tpLk; jd;ik mjpfupf;fr;
fhy msT: nra;fpd;wJ.
Muk;g gapw;rpahsHfs; gj;J tpdhbfs;
vk; cliy ,af;Fk; capHr; rf;jpapd;
tiu gapw;rp nra;ayhk;. 4 Kj 5
Xl;lg;ghijfshd ehbfSk;> tHkg; Gs;
jlit ,g;gapw;rpia jpUk;gpr; nra;a
spfSk; iffsp mjpfkhf ,Ug;gj
yhk;. gbg;gbahf gapw;rpap NjHr;rp
dh> ,e;j Mrdj;jp ifg;gFjp KO
ngw;wtHfs; xU epkplk; tiu ,e;j
tJk; ed;F mOj;jg;gLtjdh> cl
Mrdj;jp epiynfhz;L ,Uf;fyhk;.
KOtJkhf Gj;JzHr;rp ngw;W cl
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gij jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; nra;tJld; clyp ke;jepiy> Nrhk;
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clk;gp gpd;gFjp fPo;Nehf;fp ,Of; $ba gapw;rpfs; MdJ> Kjyp gapw;rp
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Ntz;Lk;.
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 21 -
- 22 -
ngw;NwhUk; gps;isfSk;!
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“
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guprpfs; toq;Ftjw;Fk; cs;s
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iaAk; Vd; kdr;RikiaAk; Vw;gLj;J
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Gk; MFk;.
Little children love the world. That is why
they are so good at learning about it.
For it is love, not tricks and techniques
of thought,
that lies at the heart of all true learning.
Can we bring ourselves to let children
learn and grow through that love?
- John Holt
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”
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jk; Nfl;fpd;Nwhk;. Mdh mtw;iwg;
gpd;gw;Wfpd;Nwhkh vd;wh mJjhd;
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xU rdehaf ghuk;gupaj;ij> Fbap
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- j. rptghY -
a gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l mikg;ghf
,Uj;j Ntz;Lk;. ehk; vNyhUk; ,e;
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jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 23 -

ngw;NwhUk;... n

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Lk;.
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Sk; jtWfis epWj;jpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
mjid vt;tpjk; filg;gpbf;fyhk; vd;
gjw;F gytpj gapw;rpfis Kd;itf;
fpd;whHfs;. mjd; xU gbahdNj ehk;
fhyk; fhykhf NgrptUfpd;w kdij
rpdj;ijj; jtpHf;Fk; topKiwfis
ehk; filg;gpbj;J xOFtNjhL
mtw;iw vkJ gps;isfSf;Fk; nrh
ypj;ju Ntz;Lk;. ehd; nra;jJ jtW
vd;gjidg; gfpuq;fkhf xj;Jf; nfhs;
SjYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;SjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
mjdh gNtW ed;ikfis mil
aKbAk;.
gps;isfs; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba tpjpKiw
fis mtHfNshL ,ize;J Nkw;
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. mt;tpjk; Nkw;nfhs;
sg;gl;l tpjpKiwfis vd;d fhuzk;
nfhz;Lk; jtpHj;j myJ nefpo
tpLj $lhJ. xU Kiw jtpHj;Jtpl;
lh gps;is cq;fspd; gytPdkhf
mjidf; fUj;jpf;nfhs;s re;jHg;gj;ij
ePq;fNs toq;ftjhf mikAk;. gpd;
tUk; tjpKiwfis mtHfNshL
,ize;J jPHkhdpj;Jr; nraw;gLj;J
tJ ey gaidj; jUk;.
n tpjpKiwfis vt;tpjk; Mf;fyhk;?
n tpjpKiwfis Mf;Fk;NghJ vtw;
iwf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;?
n FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfs; vNyhUk;
NrHe;J tpjpKiwfis Mf;Ftjh
myJ jha; myJ je;ij kl;
Lk; Mf;FtJ eyjh?
n Mf;fpa tpjpKiwfis thah
n
ngw;whH jtWfs; elf;fkhk ,Uf;f
vd;d nra;ayhk;?
ngw;whH Kd;khjpupahf ele;Jnfhs;t
jh gps;isfspd; elj;ijfis
khw;w KbAkh?
n vg;gb mtHfs; Kd;khjpupahf ele;J
fhl;lyhk;?
n gps;isfs; eytw;iwr; nra;Ak;
NghJ vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk;> jtW
nra;Ak;NghJ vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk;?
n rYiffs;> cupikfs; vd;gd gw;wp
vg;gb gps;isfSf;Fj; njspaitf;
fyhk;?
n xU tpjpia gps;is njhlHe;Jk;
gpd;gw;w ngw;whH vd;d nra;ayhk;?
n rpy ngw;NwhH xU gps;isapd; elj;
ijapid cldbahff; fz;bg;gJ
rupah?
n gps;isiag; gfpuq;fkhff; fz;bg;
gJ ey gaidj; jUkh?
n Kad;W jtwpf; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sj
xU fw;Fk; Kiwahff; nfhs;sg;gL
fpd;wJ. vdNt jtW tpLtJ ,aG.
,t;tpj Ntisfsp ngw;whH vd;d
nra;ayhk;?
n rpy ngw;NwhH gps;isfs; jtW nra;
jh mtHfNshL fijf;fhk ,Ug;
gJ rupahdjh?
n ngw;whH jhk; nrhd;dtw;iw mbf;
fb khw;wpf; $Wtjh gps;isfsp
lk; xU ek;gpf;ifaPdj;ij Vw;gLj;
n tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs;> cLg;Gf;
fs;> NtWk; cgfuzq;fis thq;fpf;
nfhLf;Fk; NghJ vtw;iwf; ftdj;
jp nfhs;Sj Ntz;Lk;.
n Foe;ij jdpNa tPl;b epw;Fk;NghJ
myJ je;ij myJ jha; J}q;
fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ fjtp
ahUk; jl;bdh vd;d nra;aNtz;
Lk;?
n jha; myJ je;ijf;F jpBnudr;
RftPdk; vd;wh gps;is vd;d
nra;a Ntz;Lk;?
n ghlrhiyah tUk;NghJ myJ
NghFk;NghJ mwpahjtH myJ
GjpatH VjhtJ fij Nfl;lh vd;d
nra;aNtz;Lk;?
n ngw;whH ghlrhiyf;Ff; nfhz;L
nry Kbahnjd;dh vt;tpjkhd
xOq;ifr; nra;J nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;?
n ma tPl;Lg; gps;isNahL NrHe;j
tpisahLk; NghJ ngw;whH vd;d
nra;aNtz;Lk;?
n xt;thik cs;s gps;isfSf;F
ngw;whH vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk;?
n taJ te;j 10> 12 myJ 13 taJg;
gps;isfs; jdpNa ghlhriyah
tUk;NghJ VjhtJ thfdk; mtHf
Sf;F mz;ikap epw;ghl;lg;gl;lh
vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk;?
n gps;isfis tPl;Ls; cjtp nra;a
vt;tpjk; gof;fpf;nfhs;syhk;?
kpd;tY njhLg;gp ,iofs; (wire)>

Fkpo;fs; (buttons) myJ njhLg;Gf;

n
xUepiyg;gLj;Jk; Nahfg; gapw;rp Kiw nrhyptpl;lh NghJkh? Jkyth> ,J gw;wp vd;d fUJfp

fNshL (Connectors) gps;isfs; vt;

ahFk;. jdpikap ,Ue;J rpe;jpg;gNj
rpwe;jJ. rpyNtisfsp Nfhgk; tUk;
NghJ gj;jpypUe;J fPo;Nehf;fp G+r;rp
ak; tiu vz;zpg;ghUq;fs; cq;fs;
Nfhgk; jzpe;JtpLk; vd;ghHfs;. m
yJ thap vjidahtJ Nghl;L
mtw;iw nkd;Wnfhz;Nl ,Uq;fs;
mg;gbahd gapw;rpfSf;Fg; gof;fg;
gl;L tpl;lh mikjp milaKbAk;.
wPHfs;?
(Limits) itf;fg;gLj Ntz;Lkh?
n tpjpKiwfsp viyg;ghLfs;
n taJf;F Vw;w tpjpfis Mf;fNtz;
tpjk; gof;ff;nfhs;s ngw;whH mD
Lk; vd;gijg; gw;wpr; rpwpJ tpsf;f kjpf;fyhk;?
n tpjpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;whJ tpLjy;
khff; $WtPHfsh?
myJ kPWk; Ntisfsp vd;d
nra;ayhk;? n xU gps;isf;F xUtpjkhd tpjpia
Ak; ,d;ndhU gps;isf;F ,d;ndhU
sivapalu@thaiveedu.com
n jz;lidfis mspg;gJ rupah? mg;
tpjkhd tpjpiaAk; Mf;FtJ m
gbahapd; vt;tpj jz;lidfis
yJ gpd;gw;WtJ rupahdjh?
mspf;fyhk;?
- 24 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 25 -

Muk;gf; ftpf; fiyj;jpl;lk;

mwpKfk;:
Njrpa ftp Mizf;FOthdJ cyf
tq;fpapd; epjp cjtpAld; 2014 Mk;
Mz;L ,yq;ifapd; nghJf; ftp
Kiwikap fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpid
fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf Ma;nthd;
gpd;tUkhW.
4 Muk;gg; gpuptp Kjd;ik epiy 1
kw;Wk; 2 Mfpa tFg;G MrpupaH
fsp ngUk;ghyhNdhH fw;w fw;
,ayhikfs;
ghHf;Fk;NghJ gps;isfs; xNutifahd
,lHghLfSf;F njhlHr;rpahf Kfq;
nfhLg;gij fPNo cs;s ml;ltiz
ap mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
2015(%) 2017(%) 2019(%)
- vd;. fpU\;zFkhH -
fisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
cUthf;fg;gLtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
ed;F Kiwikg;gLj;jg;gl;l> Mjhuq;

Gg; NghjidNa (Systematic and Evidence

wpid Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ,t; Ma;thdJ
Kf;fpa gj;J tplaq;fis fUg;nghU
shff; nfhz;like;jpUe;jJld; mjp
xd;whf fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpAk;
,lk; gpbj;jpUe;jJ. ,e;j Ma;tpd;
%yk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l gpur;rpidfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gy Kf;fpa
gupe;JiufisAk; nra;jpUe;jJ. mj;
Jld; ,t; Ma;thdJ Muk;gf; ftp
fiyj;jpl;lj;jp thrpg;G> vOj;J> mj
Dld; njhlHGila gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk;
gupe;Jiufs; vd;gdtw;iwAk; nfhz;
Ls;sJ. vdNt ,it gw;wp xU RUf;
fkhd fye;Jiuahliy Nkw;nfhs;t
JNj ,e;jf; fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.
KOikahd nghUs;s thf;fpakhf vOjg;gltpiy (2017) fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l thrpg;
1 20.15 22.00 17.3
based reading instruction) gps;isfspd;
Fog;gkhd thf;fpak; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ (2019)
Fiwe;jJ Ie;J nrhw;fisNaDk; nfhz;ljhf thf;fpaq;fs;
2 8.6 6.00 3.95 thrpg;Gj; jpwid tpUj;jpailar; nra;
,iy. (2015, 2017Mz;L 6 nrhw;fs; nfhz;l thf;fpak;)
Ak; vd;gJ Ma;Tfs; %yk; fz;lwp
3 ngaHr;nrhYf;Fk; tpidr; nrhYf;Fk; njhlHgpiy 14.9 18.00 20.56
ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ed;whf thrpf;ff; fw;Wf;
4 vOj;Jg; gpioAld; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. 13.4 12.00 14.28 nfhz;l gps;isfshNyNa jhd; thrpj;
5 xNu tplaj;ij kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; vOjpAs;sJ. 5.4 4.5 7.55 jtw;iw KOikahf fpufpf;fTk; Kb
6 Ngr;R tof;fp thf;fpak; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. 9.2 7.69 17.19 Ak;. mt;thwhd gps;isfNs NeHj;jp
toq;fg;gl;Ls;s fUg;nghUSf;Fk; thf;fpaj;jpw;Fk; ahf> fUj;Jg; Gyg;gl vOJthHfs;
7 16.4 20.47 10.33 vd;gJ Ma;Tfs; %yk; fz;lwpag;
njhlHgpiy.
rpy vOj;Jf;fis jdpj;jdpahfTk; nghUsw;w gl;l tplakhFk;.
8 4.1 5.62 3.96
nrhw;fisAk; vOjpAs;sik
9 Kaw;rp nra;atpiy. 7.0 3.45 3.86 thrpg;Gf; fw;gpj;j Nghjidap
10 Vida ,ayhikfs; 20.15 0.63 0.59 ,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfs; KOik
%yk;: ,yq;if guPl;irfs; jpizf;fsk; nkhop mZFKiwiaNa gpd;gw;W

Kiwikiag; (Whole Language Approach)

ftpj; Jiwia gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;
Ak; xU epGzj;Jtf; FOtpduh ,e;j
Ma;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. fk;g`h>
fhyp> gJis Mfpa khtl;lq;fsp
,Uf;Fk; mur ghlrhiyfs;> Mrpup
aH MNyhrfHfs;> ghlrhiy mjpgH
fs;> tyaf; ftpg; gzpg;ghsHfs;>
Njrpa ftp epWtfj;jpd; fiyj;jpl;l
tbtikg;ghsHfs;> ftp mikr;rpd;
tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd gzpg;ghsH
fs; vd;NghUld; NeHfhzfs; kw;
Wk; FOf; fye;Jiuahlfs; elj;jg;
gl;L jpul;lg;gl;l Kf;fpa jftfisf;
nfhz;L mwpf;if jahupf;fg;gl;L> gpd;
dH mJ kPz;Lk; xU epGzj;Jtf; FO
tpduh kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L 2016Mk;
Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
Muk;gf; ftpf;
fiyj;jpl;lk; - RUf;fk;:
jw;NghJ eilKiwapypUf;Fk; ftp
KiwikahdJ ,Wjpahf 1997 Mk;
Mz;L kWrPuikf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. mjd;
gpwF mt;tg;NghJ xUrpy khw;wq;fSf;
Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjw;fika Njrpa
ftp Mizf;FOtpd; gupe;JiufSf;
fika 2003 Mk; Mz;L rpwpastpyhd
khw;wq;fSf;Fl;gLj;jp Nkk;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ.
Muk;gf; ftpf; fiyj;jpl;lkhdJ
NjHr;rpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
jhFk;. ,J VO mbg;gilj; NjHr;rp
fisf; nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;
sJ. mj;Jld; khztH ikaf; fiyj;
jpl;lKkhFk;. ,J %d;W Kjd;ik
epiyfisf; nfhz;like;Js;sJld;
tpisahl;L tpNehjr; nrafs; / top
fw;w> fw;gpj;j> nrad;Kiwfshdit:
fhl;lg;gl;l tpisahl;L> nraw;ghLfs;
kw;Wk; vOj;J Ntiy vd;w %d;W
fw;w fw;gpj;j nranyhOq;fpd; mbg;
gilap tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Muk;
gg; gpupT tFg;Gfspd; Muk;gj;jp
(juk; 1) topfhl;lg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;
fs; mjpfkhfTk; ,Wjpap (juk; 5)
vOj;Jr; nraw;ghLfis mjpfkhfTk;
nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jha;
nkhop> rkak;> fzpjk; kw;Wk; Rw;wh
l rhHe;j nraw;ghLfs; vd;gd xd;wp
izf;fg;gl;l mZFKiwap fw;gpf;
fg;gLtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. gps;is
fspd; Jyq;ffis njhlHr;rpahf
Kiwrhuh Kiwikap kjpg;gplg;gL
fpwJ.
Fwpg;gpl;l Ma;tp
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l
tplaq;fs;:
,t; Ma;tp thrpg;G kw;Wk; vOj;J
fw;w fw;gpj;j nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp
mjpgHfs; kw;Wk; MrpupaHfs; ntspg;
gLj;jpa Kf;fpa ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs;
gpj;j nraw;ghLfsp Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gLk; kjpg;gPLfs; Fwpj;J kfpo;r;rp
ailatpiy. ,e;j kjpg;gPl;L
Kiwik MrpupaHfs; ikakhdJ
vd;Wk; ,J ngw;NwhHfSf;Nfh m
yJ gps;isfSf;Nfh mtHfSila
cz;ikahd ngWNgWfis njupe;
Jf;nfhs;s cjttpiy vd ngw;
NwhHfs; Kiwg;ghLfisr; nra;
Js;sdH.
4 juk; 6,w;F tUk; khztHfsh
ed;whf vOj Kbatpiy vd
juk; 6, fw;gpf;Fk; MrpupaHfs;
Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shHfs;. mj;Jld;
Njrpa uPjpap ntspg;gilahd kjpg;
gPnlhd;wpid Muk;g tFg;G khz
tHfSf;F elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;
fUj;J ntspapl;Ls;sdH.
cz;ikap juk; 6 ,w;F
tUk; khztHfsh
ed;whf vOj
Kbatpiyah?
,t; Ma;tp ,dq;fhzg;gl;l Kf;fpa
tplaq;fsp xd;whd NkNy Fwpg;gplg;
gl;Ls;s ,uz;lhtJ gpur;rpidahdJ
Fwpg;ghf thrpg;G kw;Wk; vOj;Jld;
njhlHGilajhFk;. thrpg;G kw;Wk;
vOj;Jj; jpwid kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf tFg;
giw kl;lj;jp elj;jg;gLk; kjpg;gPl;
bd; ntspg;gilaw;w jd;ikNa Mrp
upaHfs; kjpg;gPL Fwpj;J kfpo;r;rpail
ahikf;Fk; ngw;NwhHfspd; Kiwghl;
Lf;Fk; fhuzkhFk;.
mNjNeuk; juk; 6 ,w;F nrYk; khz
tHfsh ed;whf vOj Kbatpiy
vd;nwhU fUj;Jk; juk; 6 MrpupaH
fsh Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd;
cz;ikj; jd;ikia mwpa ehk;
juk; 5 Gyikg; guprp guPl;irapd;
ngWNgWfis rw;W cw;W Nehf;FtJ
guprp guPl;irj;jhsp “ge;jpia
Kf;fpakhdJ. juk; Ie;J Gyikg;
thrpj;J tpilnaOJj” vDk; tpdh
tpid xU Fwpfhl;bahf vLj;Jf;nfhs;
tPjkhd gps;isfs; (2017 - 84.2%,
syhk;. fle;j 2019 Mk; Mz;L 83.4
2015 - 71.6%) ,g;ge;jpia thrpj;J mJ
njhlHghd xU tpdhtpw;NfDk; tpil
tPjkhd (2017 - 2.7%, 2015 - 2.7%)
naOjj; jtwpAs;sdH. mNjNeuk; 3.3
gps;isfshNyNa vyh tpdhf;fSf;
Fk; tpilaspf;f Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,J
vOj;jwpTj; jpwd;fshd fUj;jwpa
thrpj;j> rupahfTk; nrk;ikahfTk;
vOJj vd;gtw;wp ghupa rpf;f
epiyiknahd;W cs;sJ vd;jid
ntspfhl;Lfpd;wJ. mNjNghy ge;jpia
thrpj;J tpilnaOJtjp gps;isfspd;
,ayhikfis 2015> 2017 kw;Wk; 2019
Mk; Mz;L ngWNgWSld; xg;gpl;L
juk; 6 MrpupaHfspd; fUj;jhdJ ,yq;
ifg; guPl;irfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; juk;
5 Gyikg; guprp guPl;ir Gs;sp tpguq;
fspd;gb mjpfkhd gps;isfsh ed;
whf vOj KbahjepiyapNyNa juk;
6 ,w;Fr; nrfpwhHfs; vd;gJ kpfj;
Js;spakhdjhFk;.
,t;thwhwhd epiy ,lHghLfs;
njhlHr;rpahf ,Ug;gjw;fhd %yf;
fhuzk; gps;isfs; thrpg;gp ,lH
gLfpd;wikNa. cs;sPl;Lj; jpwdp
,lHgl;lh ntspaPl;Lj; jpwdp ,lH
ghLfs; Vw;gLtJ jtpHf;fKbahjjh
Fk;. vdNtjhd; gps;isfs; vOJtjp
Yk; ,lHgLfpd;whHfs; vd;gJ Kf;fpa
tplakhFk;.
Fwpg;gpl;l Ma;TthdJ Fwpg;Gg; gFjp
ap Kf;fpa gupe;Jiunahd;iw nra;
Js;sik mtjhdpf;fj;jf;fJ.
4 ,yq;ifap Njrpa uPjpap Muk;gg;
gpupTf;fhd fiyj;jpl;l kjpg;gPl;L
Gs;sp tpguq;fs; jahHepiyapypiy.
Muk;gg; gpupT tFg;GfSf;fhd mj;
jpahtrpaf; fw;w NjHr;rpfSf;fhd
ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLfs; Mrp
upaH ikakhdJ vd;Wk; ntspg;
gilahdjhf ,iy vd;Wk; NeH
fhzyp mjpfkhd MrpupaHfs;
$wpAs;sdH. mNjNeuk; ngw;NwhH
fs; jq;fs; gps;isfspd; cz;ik
ahd milit njupe;Jf;nfhs;s
MHtkhf ,Ug;gjhfTk; Kiwg;gh
nlhd;iw mwpf;ifahf toq;fpAs;
sdH.
kjpg;gPLfs; njhlHgp MrpupaHfNs
jpUg;jpailahjNghJ> ngw;NwhHfs;
kjpg;gPLfisg; Gupe;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;L
nkd vjpHghHf;f KbahJ. ,t;tplaj;
jp If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;> rpq;fg;G+H>
kNyrpah Mfpa ehLfs; ntspg;gil
ahd kjpg;gPl;L Kiwikfisg; gpd;
gw;Wfpd;wd vd;w tplaKk; ,t; Ma;
tpd; gupe;Jiufsp ,lk;ngw;Ws;sik
Statutory Assessment Test - SAT> rpq;fg;G+H
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. (If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;
Primary School Leaving Examination -
PSLE> kNyrpah Primary School Assess-
ment – PSA)
Kbthf:
thrpg;G ,lHghLfisf; fisaNtz;L
khapd;> ,yq;ifapd; Muk;gf; ftpf;
fiyj;jpl;lj;jp juk; 1 kw;Wk; 2 (Kd;
ikepiy xd;W) Mfpa tFg;GfSf;fhf
thrpg;gpw;F Kd;Dupik toq;Fk; tif
apyhd fiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw cUthf;f
Ntz;baJ mtrpakhdjhFk;. mJ tpQ;
Qhd uPjpapyhd Ma;TfisAk; Mjhuq;
fpwd;J. KOiknkhop mZFKiw
gpd;gw;wp fw;gpg;gjd; %yk; vyh gps;
isfisAk; thrpf;fr;nra;a KbahJs;
sJ vd;W Ma;Tfs; $Wfpd;wd. mNj
FKiwNa (Explicit Phonics Approach)
Neuk; ntspg;gilahd vOj;njhyp mZ
thrpg;Gf; fw;gpj;jYf;F kpfg; nghUj;
fpd;wd (National Reading Panel Report).
jkhdJ vdTk; mt; Ma;Tfs; $W
vOj;njhyp (Explicit Phonic Approach)
vdNt ,yq;ifapYk; ntspg;gilahd
mZFKiwapid gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Kaw;
rpf;fyhk;.
thrpg;Gf; fw;gpj;jYf;Fupa Kiwahf
MrpupaHfSf;F gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;
gLj Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. mNj
Neuk; thrpg;Gf; fw;gpj;jyp ,lHgLk;
MrpupaHfis njhlHr;rpahf mtjh
dpj;J gpd;D}l;lfis toq;fp> mtH
fs; thrpg;Gf; fw;gpj;jyp ghz;bj;jpa
kila ftpj; JiwrhHe;j rfyUk;
KOikahd xj;Jiog;GfisAk; toq;f
Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;ifap thrpg;ig Kd;Dupikg;
gLj;jpa Njrpa uPjpap kjpg;gPLfs;
Neuk; cyf tq;fp kw;Wk; USAID
,Jtiuap elj;jg;gltpiy. mNj
Nghd;w rHtNjr epWtdq;fs; gNtW
ehLfSf;F thrpg;G kjpg;gPLfisr;
nra;a cjtptUfpwJ. vdNt ,J
Nghd;w epWtdq;fspd; cjtpAld;
njhlr;rpahf Njrpa uPjpap thrpg;ig
kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; nghwpKiwnahd;W
cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nra;
ag;gLk; kjpg;gPl;L ngWNgWfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Kjd;ik
epiy xd;Wf;Fupa thrpg;Gg; Nghjid
Kiwikap Nkk;gLj;jfisr; nra;a
thrpg;Gj; jpwid kjpg;gpLtjw;F Early
Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. gps;isfspd;
Grade Reading Assessment Tool (EGRA)
vdg;gLk; Gfo;ngw;w fUtpnahd;Wk;
rHtNjr ehLfsp gad;gLj;jg;gl;L
tUfpwJ. ,f;fUtp gps;isfspd; thrpg;
Gj; jpwid kpfj; Js;spakhf ntspg;
gLj;jf;$baJ. ,JNghd;w fUtpfisg;
gad;gLj;jp kjpg;gPLfs; nra;ag;gL
khdh gps;isfspd; thrpg;Gj; jpwid
rupahf ,dq;fz;L> mjw;fika Mrpup
aHfSk; ngw;NwhHfSk; mtHfSf;F
Njitahd cjtpfis toq;f KbAk;.
gps;isfspd; thrpg;Gj; jpwidAk; vOj;
Jj; jpwidAk; Kd;Ndw;wkilar; nra;a
Ntz;Lkhapd; ,JNghd;w Kiwik
khw;wk; gw;wp rpe;jpg;gJ
fhyj;jpd;
fl; lhakhFk;.
krishnakumar.n@thaiveedu.com
- 26 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020

,iyAjpHfhy tPl;Lg; guhkupg;G Heat Register:

eh k; vkJ tho;ehspy; nra;jp

‘tPL’ vd;W nrhy;tjpy;

Uf;ff;$ba ghhpa KjyPL

ahUf;Fk; khw;Wf; fUj;J ,Uf;f KbahJ.

tPLk; tpbaYk; - 172 ,uz;L tUlj;jpw;F xUKiwahtJ Duct
Cleaning nra;tJ ey;yJ. jtwpdhy;
- Ntyh Rg;ukzpak; -
,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; xt;nthU miwfspYk;

njha;T> xt;thik (Ashma, Alergy)

vdNt mj;jifa KjyPl;ilg; Ngzp ,r;nraw;ghL kpf ,d;wpaikahjJ. kw;iwa tPl;Lg; gFjpfspYk; ,Uf;ff;- tbatpLjy; Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ mj;jifa

fisj; (Heat Register) jpwe;J Rj;jk;

chpa Kiwg;gb guhkhpf;f Ntz;baJ kpf
mtrpakhdJ. jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ
ftdaPdkhf ,Ue;Jtpl;lhy; fhyg;Nghf;-
fpy; mjpf nrytpid vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;b
tuyhk;. kWthHj;ijfspy; $Wtjhdhy;
ehq;fs; Nghl;l KjyPl;bw;F Vw;w KOg;
gyhgyidAk; mila KbahJNghfyhk;.
,jidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;Nl tPl;Lg; guhk-
hpg;Gg; gw;wp gy;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; Muh-
ag;gLfpd;wJ.
Nghd;w Neha; mwpFwpfs; cs;stHfs;
tPl;by; ,Ue;jhy; tbfl;bia khw;Wk;
NghJ Vw;w jukhd tbfl;bfis
khw;WtjpYk; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;j
Ntz;Lk;. Gjpa tbfl;biag; NghLk;
NghJ tbfl;bapy; Nghlg;gl;bUf;Fk;
mk;Gf;Fwp FspHfhw;Wg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J
$ba ntg;g%l;Lk; topfSf;fhd jil-
nra;J (Vacum) itj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ey;yJ.
jz;zPH Foha;fs; (Pipes):
Nfhilf;fhyj;jpy; Kd;tsT> gpd;tsT
Nghd;w ,lq;fSf;F ,Uf;ff;$ba jz;-
zPHf; Foha;fs; %yk; ePHg;gha;r;rp ,Ug;
Foha;fspYk; ntbg;G Vw;gLtjhy; mLj;j
tUlk; ghtpf;f Kw;gLk;NghJ xOf;F
Vw;gLtijf; fz;L Gjpjhf mtw;iw
khw;w Ntz;ba epiy cUthFk;.
Fsp&l;b (AC):
,dp tug;NghFk; 6-7 khjq;fSf;F Fsp-
&l;bapd; Njit ,Uf;fhJ vdNt mjid

fdlhtpy; khwptUk; gUtfhy epiyf;-

Nfw;wthW ehKk; tPl;Lg;guhkhpg;gpy; ftdk;
nrYj;j Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. gUt
fhy khw;wj;ijf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L guh-
khpg;G Ntiyfis> Kf;fpa 4 gphpthfg;
gphpf;fyhk;.
n tre;jfhyg; guhkhpg;G (Spring)

n Nfhilfhyg; guhkhpg;G (Summer)

n ,iyAjpH fhy guhkhpg;G (Fall)
n FspHfhyg; guhkhpg;G (Winter)

toikf;F khwhf ,t;thz;L FspHfhyk;

Neufhyj;jpw;Nf njhlq;fptpl;lJNghyj;
njhpfpwJ. vdNt mjw;Nfw;wgb vkJ
guhkhpg;G NtiyfisAk; Jhpjg;gLj;j
Ntz;ba epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;.
Nfhilfhyj;jpy; Xbahbj; jphpe;j ehk;
tug;NghFk; 4-5 khjq;fSf;F ehd;F
RtHfSf;F kj;jpapy; milgl;Lf; fplg;gJ
kl;Lky;yhJ vkJ eltbf;iffisAk;
FWfpa tl;lj;Js; mlf;f Ntz;ba epiy
jtpHf;f KbahjJ. mj;jifa FspHfhyj;-
jpw;F vw;wthW Kd;$l;bNa tPl;bid>
tPl;Lr; #oiyj; jahHgLj;JtijNa
,iyAjpHfhyg; guhkhpg;G Fwpj;Jepw;fpd;wJ.
kWthHj;ijfspy; $Wtjhdhy; nts;sk;
tUKd;dNu mizfl;Ljy; mtrpay;yth?

ntg;gkhf;fp Furnace:
ntg;gkhf;fp (Furnace) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ.
tPl;by; ,Uf;ff;$ba ,ae;jpu fUtpfspy;

vjpHnfhs;sg;NghFk; FspHfhyj;jpw;F Vw;g

mjid jahHepiyapy; itj;Jf;nfhz;-
lhy; ngUq;FspHNeuj;jpy; Vw;glg;NghFk;
,lHfisj; jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

Fk; (Gas Furnace) ntg;gkhf;fpfNs gad;

ngUk;ghyhd tPLfspy; vhpthAtpy; ,aq;-

ghl;by; cs;sd. ,j;jifa ntg;gkhf;-

fpfis Fiwe;jJ ,uz;L tUlj;jpw;nfhU

sHfs; (Qualified Technician) %yk; rhp-

Kiw jFjptha;e;j njhopy; El;gtpayh

ghHj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ey;yJ. rpyH ‘Winter

Tune up’ vd;w ngahpy; xt;nthU tUlKk; Nghk;. jw;NghJ mtw;wpd; gad;ghL mLj;j chpa Kiwapy; Ngzpdhy; mjd; MAl;
ntg;gkhf;fp Nehf;fp NghFk; tpjj;jpy; fhyj;ijf; $l;l tha;g;G ,Uf;Fk;.
jahHgLj;jpf;nfhs;tJk; cz;L. Nfhilfhyk; tiu ,Uf;fhJ. vdNt
Nghlg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; ftdj;-
Valve) tPl;bw;Fs; cs;s epyf;fPo; miwapy;
Fsp&l;bfis nfhl;Lk; gdpapy; %o;f
vz;nzapy; ,aq;Fk; (Oil Furnace) Mf
,tw;Wf;Fhpa fl;Lg;gLj;jpfs; (Control

Kjd;ik tpsf;F (Pilot Lamp) mizf;-

jpw; nfhs;sTk;. tpLtijtpl chpa ciwfisg; Nghl;L
n ,Uf;Fk;. nghJthf Kd;gf;fj;jpw;F %b itj;jy; ey;yJ. JUg;gpbj;jiyf;
,Ue;jhy; xt;nthUtUlKk; jFjptha;e;j
‘Anti Rust Spray’ mbj;j gpd;dH %btpLjy;
fg;gl;bUe;jhy; me;j tpsf;fpidf; xd;Wk; gpd;gf;fj;jpw;F xd;Wkhf 2 fl;Lg; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ntspg;gFjpf;F
njhopy;El;gtpayhsHfspd; cjtpAld;
rhpghHj;Jf;nfhs;tJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. nfhOj;jp jahH epiyapy; itj;jpUj;jy; gLj;jpfs; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mtw;iwf;

Fl;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jhy; Pilot Lamp Anty Rust Spray gyjlitfs; ghtpf;fg;

Ntz;Lk;. ntg;gkhf;fp 6-7 tUlj;jpw;- fz;Lgpbj;J ,Wfg;g+l;btpLjy; kpf ey;yJ. 4-5 nlhyHfSf;F thq;ff; $ba

ntg;gkhf;fpf;Fhpa tbfl;bia (Filter) 3

n
khjj;jpw;nfhUKiw khw;w Ntz;Lk;.
ntg;gkhf;fpapd; njhopw;ghL FspHfh-
yj;jpy; njhlHr;rpahf ,Uf;fg;Nghtjhy;
Kd;$l;bNa ,jid khw;wp jahH
epiyapy; itj;jpUj;jy; kpfg; nghUj;
jkhdJ. MNuhf;fpakhd tho;tpw;F
,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;. mjhtJ Gjpa
Electronic Ignitor’ Njitahd NghJ
ntg;gkhf;fpfspy; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;
kl;Lk; ,aq;fp nghwpiaf; nfhLf;Fk;
jd;ik tha;e;jik vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;sTk;.
mtrpak;. jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; FspHfhuz-
khf jz;zPH ciw epiyf;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJkhdJ.
NghJ Foha;fs; ntbj;J tPl;bw;Fs;
nts;sg; ngUf;F Vw;gl tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. Weather Stripes:
jiythrw;fjT> gpd;fjT> fuh[; fjT
mj;Jld; ntspapy; cs;s gpsh];hpf;
Foha;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; jz;zPiuj; jpwe;J njhlu;jy; 27k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 27 -

cs;stHfs; Guttersf;Fhpa Jthukplg;gl;l

nuhl;irl; thA ghJfhg;gw;w fjTfspd; Fwpg;G: Rw;Wg; Gwq;fspy; mjpf kuq;fs;
,iyAjpHfhy... Clhf tPl;bw;Fs; nry;tJk;> ,jd; er;Rj;
jd;ik fhuzkhf gyH capH ,og;gJk; %bfis nghUj;Jtjd; %yk; Rj;jk;
gjdhf;fpf;Fhpa tbfl;bfisr; (Evaporator ehk; tUlh tUlk; fdlhtpy; mwpAk; nra;Ak; Nkyjpfg; gOitj; jtpHj;Jf;-
grid) Rj;jk; nra;J itj;jpUg;gJ ey;yJ.
26k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
nra;jpfs;. ,j;jifa fjTfs; jhNd nfhs;syhk;.

‘Auto Closer’ rhpahf nraw;gLfpd;wjh?

vd;gd FspH cl;GfhjthW %lg;gLfpd;- xt;nthUtUlKk; ,iyAjpHfhyg;gFjpapy; %lg;gLtjw;fhf nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;

fs; (Sky Light) nghUj;jg;gl;bUe;jhy;

wdth? vd;gij cWjp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
fhyepiyf;Nfw;w Weather StripeI nghUj;jp
,ilntspfs; fhzg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy;
tpLjy; my;yJ rhpghHj;Jf;nfhs;Sjy;
Ntz;Lk;. tUlhe;jk; Vw;gLk; ntg;gkhf;-
fYf;fhd nrytpd; fzprkhd msT
jpUg;jpfukpy;yhj thry;fspd; Clhf
Vw;gLtjhf gy mwpf;iffs; $Wfpd;wd.
Central Humidifer <ug;gjdhf;fp
FspHfhyk; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;dNu <ug;-
,j;jifa tbfl;bfisAk; Nkyjpf ePH
tope;NjhLk; Foha;fisAk; ePhpdhy;
fOtp Rj;jk; nra;tij xU gof;fkhf
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy; ey;yJ.
Garage Man-Door:
fuh[;[py; ,Ue;J tPl;bw;Fs; nry;Yk;
fjT jhNd ,Wf;fkhf %lNtz;baJ kpf
mtrpak;. FspHfhyj;jpy; CHjpfis
ntg;gkhf;Ftjw;fhf fuh[;[pd; cs;Ns
,aq;f tpLtJk;> epwk;> kzk; mw;w fhgdP-
rupj;J xU gioa kh[upd; ngl;bapy; ngw;Nwhiy kpf
vd;gijg; ghpNrhjpj;J mjd; tpiria
chpa epiyf;Fr; rhpnra;J tpl Ntz;baJ
kpf mtrpak;.
Gutters $iu tbfhy;:
$iutbfhy;fspy; rUFfs; Njq;fpf;
fplg;gjw;fhd re;jHg;gq;fs; cz;L. mtw;-
iwr; Rj;jk; nra;J mj;Jld; jz;zPH
xOq;fhf fPo;Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; Foha;
Clhf (Downspout) mfw;wg;gLfpd;wjh?
vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; ey;yJ.
[d;dy;fs; kw;Wk; $iuapy; fz;zhb-
mit ,Wf;fkhf %lg;gLfpd;wdth?
vd;gij cWjp nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Nfhilf;fhyj;jpw;Fhpa ad;dy; jpiur;rPiy-
fis khw;wp tpl;L Fspiu vjpHf;ff;$ba
jpiur;rPiyia khw;WgtHfs; ,f;fhyg-
gFjpapy; mjidAk; kwf;fhJ nra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
tPLfspy; mjpfsT <ug;gjd; fhuzkhf
ad;dy; fz;zhbfspy; ePHg;gbT Vw;gL-
tij mtjhdpj;jpUf;fyhk;. Fwpg;ghf

Kf;fpa Fwpg;G: khfg; Nghlg;gl;bUf;Fk; Netd; mbapNyNa

,yFthf vLj;J tplyhk;. mjd; gpd;du; mt; ,ae;jp
uj;ij ];lhu;l; nra;J jhdhf mJ epw;Fk; tiu ,aq;f
vup nghUspy; ,aq; tplTk;. mjhtJ ‘fNghuhw;wupy;’ ,Uf;Fk; ngw;Nwhy;
Fk; Gy;Y ntl;Lk; Kw;whf ntspNaw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,jd; Nehf;f
jpwf;ff;$ba ad;dy; gFjpf;F cl;gf;f
mjpfsT ePHg;gbkhdk; Vw;gLtJ> tope;
NjhLtJ> gq;f]; gpbg;gJ Nghd;w gy
,lHfis fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Kd;$l;bNa mj;jifa Netfis vLj;J

,ae;jpuj;ij itj; khFk;. mjd; gpd;du; rhjhuzkhf xU ,lj;jpy; gdpapd; ,j;jifa #o;epiyia vjpHnfhs;gtHfs;
jpUg;gtu;fs; ft

Nghlyhk;. ,j;jifa Netfs; fhw;Nwhl;-

dpf;f Ntz;ba kpf itj;J tpl;L kPz;Lk; Nfhilf;fhyj;jpy;
Kf;fpakhd tpl
ak;. mjid vt;- lj;jpw;F ,ila+W nra;tjhNyNa mj;j
thW Fspu; fhyj; ifa ,lHfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;>
jpy; ghJfhg;gJ caHe;j khbfspy; ,Ug;gtHfs; ghJ-
vd;gNj. fhg;Gf; fhuzq;fis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
mjidj; jtpHj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;.

Smoke Detectors + Carbon Monoxide Detectors

,ijg; gyUk; mwpe;jpUg;gjhfj; njupatpy;iy. Gy;Y
ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuj;jpid cupa Kiwg;gb ghJfhf;fh
vd;gd chpa Kiwapy; Ntiy nra;fpd;-
tpl;lhy; tug;NghFk; Nfhilfhyj;jpy; mjid Kjw;juk;
wdth? vd;gjid cWjpnra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,aq;fitf;fg; ‘glhj ghL glNtz;bapUf;Fk;’. my;yJ
Vnddpy; FspHfhyj;jpy; ,tw;wpd; njhopw;-
mjid jpUj;Jgtu;fsplk; vLj;Jr; nrd;W gzk; nryT ghL mjpfstpy;
nra;J Fzg;gLj;jpa gpd;du; ghtpf;fNtz;bapUf;Fk;. Njitg;gLk;.
,jw;fhd khw;W top kpf ,yFthdJ
jhf;fk; Neubahf ,y;yhjthW ghJfhj;Jtpllhk;. mLj;j

uj;jpy; cs;s nfhs;fydpy; ,Uf;Fk; ngw;Nwhiy (gas)

,e;j tUlk; filrpahf Gy;Y ntl;ba gpd;du; ,ae;jp tUlk; ngw;Nwhiy epug;gpa gpd;du; toik Nghy 3
jlit ‘gk;’ nra;Jtpl;L ];lhu;l; nra;jhy; ,ae;jpuk; Rk;kh
velasubramaniam@thaiveedu.com
velasubramaniam@thaiveedu.com
Kw;whf vLj;J tplNtz;Lk;. ,ae;jpuj;ij xU gf;fkhfr; fjwpf;nfhz;L jahuhfptpLk;.
- 28 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
Ftyak; MSk; FbrhH nghwpapa
JLg;ghl;l ikjhdq;fs;:
tpisahl;Lj;Jiw rhHe;j FbrhH nghwp
apa jpl;lq;fisg; gw;wp fle;j ,j
op ciuahbapUe;Njhk;. ,e;j ,jop
Yk; rpy tpisahl;Lj; JiwrhHe;j Fb
rhH nghwpapa jpl;lq;fisg; gw;wp
ciuahLNthk;.
JLg;ghl;lk; (fpupf;nfl; Cricket) ,yq;-
ifap cs;s gpugykhd tpisahl;
lhFk;. ,yq;if JLg;ghl;l thupak;
,yq;ifap JLg;ghl;lj;ijf; xUq;
fpizf;Fk; thupak; MFk;. ,yq;if
ap rHtNjr fpupf;nfl; Nghl;bfis
elj;j vl;L ikjhdq;fs; cs;sd.
mtw;wp VO ikjhdq;fs; nl];l;
Nghl;bfis elj;jpAs;sd. ,e;j ikjh
dq;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; fl;Lkhd
Ntiyfsp FbrhH nghwpapa Jiw
epWtdq;fs; gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wd.
Village Cricket ground) kNfhd;d vd;
RNu fpuhk fpupf;fl; ikjhdk; (Surrey
Dk; ,lj;jp cs;sJ. 2004 Rdhkpf;
fpuhk fpupf;nfl; fpsg; (Surrey Village
Fg; gpwF ,q;fpyhe;jp cs;s RNu
Cricket Club) kw;Wk; ,yq;if fpupf;nfl;
thupak; ,ize;J ,yq;ifap jg;
gFjp: 13
gpg;gpioj;j rpyUf;F xU fpuhkk; fl;l
gzk; jpul;baJ. 20 A+d; 2005 md;W
(Kia Oval) , rHtNjr fpupf;nfl; tPuH
RNu nrhe;j ikjhdkhd fpah Xt
fs; tpisahba xU Nghl;ap ,e;j
jpl;lj;jpw;fhf RkhH xU kpypad;
gTz;fs; epjpiaj; jpul;baJ. fhl;Lg;
gFjpap xU epyk; njupTnra;ag;gl;L
fhLfs; mopf;fg;gl;ld. kw;Wk; RNu
fpuhkk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; xU
fpuhkk;> RNu fpupf;nfl; tPuHfspd; ngaup
lg;gl;l njUf;fsh mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
gpd;dH fpupf;nfl; ikjhdk; fl;lg;gl;
lJ. ,e;j ikjhdk; Nk 2011,
mjpfhug;G+Htkhf jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd;
gpd;dH gNtW ,yq;if cs;ehl;L
Mz;fs;> ngz;fs; kw;Wk; A+dpau;
Nghl;bfSk;> ntspehLfspUe;J Rw;
Wyh rigfspd; Nghl;bfSk; elj;jg;
gl;Ls;sd.
MH. gpNukjhr rHtNjr fpupf;fl; ikjh
dk; nfhOk;G khspfhtj;ijap nfw;
whuhik tPjpap cs;sJ. MH. gpNu-
kjhr rHtNjr fpupf;nfl; ];Nlbak;
(MH.gp.v];. muq;fk;) 1994 Mk; Mz;
bw;F Kd;dH> nfl;luhk fpupf;nfl;
];Nlbak; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;W
,yq;if fpupf;nfl; mzp tpisahLk;
Kf;fpa ,lq;fsp xd;whFk;. ,q;Nf
100 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l xUehs; rHtNjr
Nghl;bfs; elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifap
35>000 ghHitahsHfisf; nfhz;l kpfg;
ngupa muq;fk; ,JthFk;. ,yq;if
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apyhd 2012 Irprp cyf ‘,UgJf;F
,UgJ’ ,Wjpg; Nghl;bfSk;> ,yq;-
iff;Fk; ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
2002 Irprp rhk;gpad;]; bNuhgp ,W
jpg; Nghl;bfSk;> ,yq;if kw;Wk; epA+
rpyhe;J ,ilapyhd 2011 Irprp fpupf;
nfl; cyff; Nfhg;igapd; Kj miu
apWjpg; Nghl;bfSk; ,q;Nf elj;jg;
gl;ld. tuyhw;wp mjpf nl];l; kjpg;
ngz; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ,lk; ,J
thFk;. ,e;jpahTf;F vjpuhf ,yq;if
952 Xl;lq;fisg; ngw;wJ. ,J yhHl;];
nfhz;lJ. ,jw;F ‘,yq;if fpupf;nfl;
fpupf;nfl; ikjhdj;ij jhz;ba jpwd;
bd; tPL’ vd;W nryg;ngaH R+l;lg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
ghHitahsH ,Ug;gplg; gFjp V kw;Wk;
gp Mfpait ,uz;L mLf;Ffsp>
Fiwe;j kw;Wk; caHe;j ,lq;fsp
mkuf;$bait. ,e;j ,uz;L ];lhz;
Lfsp gy fhHg;gNul; ngl;bfs; fl;lg;
gl;Ls;sd. muq;fj;jp cs;s ];NfhH
NghHLf;F ,ilap ghHitahsH ,Ug;
gplg; gFjp rp kw;Wk; b ,uz;L mLf;F
,Uf;if mikg;Gld; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.
,e;j muq;fk; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l
gpd;dH MH gpNukjhr ];Nlbak; VO
,Wjp cyff; Nfhg;ig Nghl;bfis
Ak;> xU fh ,Wjp kw;Wk; miuap
Wjp Nghl;bfisAk; elj;jpaJ.
fhyp gd;dhl;L muq;fk; vd;gJ> ,yq;
ifapd; fhyp efup cs;s xU fpupf;
nfl; muq;fkhFk;> ,e;j muq;fk; fhyp
Nfhl;ilf;F mUfp mike;Js;sJ.
,e;jpag; ngUq;flyh ,uz;L gf;
fq;fspYk; #og;gl;L cs;sJ. ,J
cyfpd; kpf mofpa fpupf;nfl; ikjh
dq;fsp xd;whf fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j
ikjhdk; 1876 Mk; Mz;b xU
ge;ja ,lkhf fl;lg;gl;lJ. 1927 Mk;
Mz;b> ikjhdk; mjpfhug;G+Htkhf
fpupf;nfl; muq;fkhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
ikjhdk; mjd; Kjd;Kj tFg;G
Nghl;bia 29 gpg;utup 1984 md;W
elj;jpaJ.
,e;j ikjhdk; gpd;dH rHtNjr fpupf;
nfl; juj;jpw;F Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> NkYk;
,yq;ifap nl];l; Nghl;bfis elj;
jf;$ba VohtJ rHtNjr fpupf;nfl;
ikjhdkhf khwpaJ. Kj nl];l;
Nghl;b 3 A+d; 1998 md;W ikjhdj;jp
eilngw;wJ. ,J ,yq;if kw;Wk;
epA+rpyhe;J ,ilNa eilngw;wJ.
,jd; tpisthf ,yq;iff;F xU
,d;dpq;]; kw;Wk; 16 ud;fs; tpj;jpahrj;
jp ntw;wp fpilj;jJ. Kj xUehs;
Nghl;b ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk;
,ilap A+d; 25> 1998 md;W eil
ngw jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. Mdh xNu
,utp nga;j fdkioap jiuap ePH
Njq;fpajh iftplg;gl;lJ.
26 brk;gH 2004 md;W> ,e;jpag; ngUq;
fl G+fk;gj;jpd; tpisthf Vw;gl;l
Rdhkpah NguopT Vw;gl;lJ. nts;s
ePH 30 kPl;lH tiu ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j muq;
fj;jp ,Ue;j ngUk;ghyhd fl;llq;
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rkhf Nrjkile;jJ. nts;sj;ijj;
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lkhf khwpaJ. jg;gpatHfSf;F cjT
tjw;fhf xU jw;fhypf Kfhk; mq;F
fl;lg;gl;lJ.
fhyp rHtNjr muq;fj;jpd; GJg;gpj;j
8 Nk 2006, njhlq;fpaJ. yl;rpa
rPuikg;G xU Gjpa ngtpypad; kw;Wk;
xU Clf ikak; cl;gl gy Gjpa
fl;llq;fis cs;slf;fpaJ. ghHitah
sHfSf;fhd ,Uf;if jpwDk; mjpf
upf;fg;gl;lJ. kPz;Lk; fl;lg;gl;l muq;
fk; 2007 brk;gH 17 md;W ,yq;if
mjpgH jpU k`pe;j uh[gf;r mtH
fsh jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. muq;fk; kPz;
Lk; jpwf;fg;gl;l gpd;dH> Kj nl];l;
Nghl;b ,yq;iff;Fk; ,q;fpyhe;Jf;Fk;
,ilap xNu ehsp eilngw;wJ.
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- 29 -
- mfzp RNu]; -
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n`f;NlH gug;gsitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
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tiyfs; kw;Wk; ehd;F ntspg;Gw
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dj;jp ruhrupahf Kj ,d;dpq;];
kjpg;ngz; 340 MFk;.
fhyp rHtNjr fpupf;nfl; ikjhdj;jp
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ghl;L miwfs; kw;Wk; thndhyp tH
zidahsHfspd; miw Mfpatw;iwf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
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ikjhdk; ,yq;ifap 16>800 ,Uf;
iffs; nfhz;l fpupf;nfl; ikjhdkh
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cs;s kj;jpa khfhzj;jp mike;Js;
sJ. ,J ,yq;ifapd; twz;l kz;l
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fpupf;nfl; ikjhdkhFk;.
njhlf;f xUehs; rHtNjr (xUehs;)
Nghl;b ,yq;if kw;Wk; ,q;fpyhe;J
,ilNa khHr; 2001 , eilngw;wJ.
,q;Nf 2003 Mk; Mz;b mikf;fg;
njhlu;jy; 21k; gf;fk;
- 30 -
Ftyak; MSk;
20k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
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kpFe;j tpkHrdj;jh %d;W Mz;L
fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF> etk;gH 2013 ,
rHtNjr fpupf;nfl;Lf;F jpUk;gpaJ.
,e;j muq;fk; 2013 Kj 2016 ,Wjp
tiu xU ehs; Nghl;bfis kl;LNk
elj;jpaJ. 2015 Mk; Mz;b> fhyh
tjpahd 8 ntspr;rf; NfhGuq;fis
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v.<.b.)fSld; khw;Wtjw;fhd jpl;lq;
fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
twz;l kz;lyj;jp mike;jpUf;Fk;
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fhuzk; ,yq;iff;F Mz;L KOtJk;
xU ehs; Nghl;bfis elj;Jk; jpwid
toq;fpaJ MFk;. fl;Lkhdj;jpw;fhf
,yq;ifap cs;s fpupf;nfl; fl;Lg;
ghl;L thupak; (gp.rp.rp.v];.v) epjpaspj;
jJ. fl;Lkhd NtiyfSf;F 167 ehl;
fs; kl;LNk vLj;jJ. fl;Lkhdk; kw;Wk;
njhlf;f Nghl;bapd; gpd;dH Fj;jif
kw;Wk; xg;ge;jf;fhuHfSldhd rpf;f
fs; fhuzkhf gad;ghbd;wp ,Ue;jJ.
2003Mk; Mz;b Nghl;bfs; ,e;j
ikjhdj;jp njhlq;fpd.
k`pe;j uh[gf;r rHtNjr fpupf;nfl;
];Nlbak; ‘R+upaNtth rHtNjr fpupf;-
nfl; ];Nlbak;’ vd;Wk;> RUf;fkhf
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fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,yq;ifapd; `k;-
ghe;Njhl;il gpuNjrj;jp cs;s xU
rHtNjr fpupf;nfl; ikjhdkhFk;.
2011 fpupf;nfl; cyff; Nfhg;ig Nghl;
bfs; 2011 gpg;utupap ,e;j rHtNjr
fpupf;nfl; ikjhdj;jp eilngw;wJ.
Kj mjpfhug;G+Ht rHtNjr Nghl;b
,yq;if kw;Wk; fdlh ,ilNa gpg;
gputup 20> 2011 md;W eilngw;wJ>
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jp ntw;wp ngw;wJ. cyff; Nfhg;ig
apd; NghJ ,uz;L Nghl;bfs; eil
ngw;wd. k`pe;j uh[gf;r rHtNjr
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gJf;F 20 Nghl;bfis elj;jpaJ.
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jp kfpaq;fiz gjpaj;jyhit ngUe;
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Mz;b cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 80 kPw;wH
ePsKk;> 70 kPw;wH mfyKk; nfhz;lJ.
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aq;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.
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(Pure leather) #og;gl;lJ. ruhrupahf
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mikg;G cUthf;fj;jp Gtpj;njhop
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vd gNtW tpguq;fsp ,Wf;fkhd
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fsk; fpupf;fl; ikjhdj;jpd; eLtp
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wH> mfyk; 3.05 kPw;wH. fpupf;fl; ML
fsk; ,aw;ifahd G> kz; Mfpa
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mb mfyk; nfhz;l ghJfhf;fg;gl;l
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tPrpagpd;G ,e;jg; gFjpap XLtijj;
jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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fsk; (Sticky Pitch) vd;Wk;> ge;ij
bUe;jh xl;Lk; jd;ik nfhz;l ML
njwpf;fr; nra;aNth myJ mjd;
,we;j MLfsk; (Dead Pitch) vd;Wk;
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tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ.
MLfsj;jp cs;s kz;tiffs; ML
fsj;jpd; jd;ikiaAk; mjd; gz;G
fisAk; epHzapf;Fk; Kf;fpa fhuzp
fshf cs;sd. fpupf;fl; ikjhdj;jpd;
fl;Lkhd Ntiyfsp cUthf;fg;gLk;
fl;llq;fs; kl;Lkd;wp MLfsk; kw;Wk;
KO ikjhdk; cUthf;Fjyp FbrhH
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fpakhdjhf cs;sJ. MLfsj;jp
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gupNrhjidfs; MLfs fl;Lkhd
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fg; gupNrhjidfs; Gtpj;njhopEl;gg;
nghwpapayhsHfs; nra;Ak; Kf;fpa
gzpfshf cs;sd.
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Ntfj;ij Fiwf;fr; nra;J tpLk;.
MLfsj;jp mbf;fb cUisfsh
kz;neUf;fk; mjpfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
MLfsj;jpd; kz;zpd; <uj;jd;ik kpf
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
Tk; Kf;fpakhd tplakhf cs;sJ.
MLfsj;jpd; guhkupg;Gk; mjp Gtpj;
njhopEl;gg; nghwpapayhsupd; <L
ghLk; njhlHr;rpahd nraw;ghlhf cs;
sJ. JLg;ghl;lk; Kbe;jJk; MLf
sj;ij xU tpupg;gpdh %bg; ghJ
fhf;f Ntz;Lk;. MLfsj;jp cs;s
Gypd; guhkupg;G kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.
kz;typikg; gupNrhjid (Soil Strength
Test)> kz;zpd; mkpy myJ fhuj;
jd;ikg; gupNrhjid (PH)> <ug;gjd;
Analysis)> mw;wNgHf; ypkpw; (Atterberg
gupNrhjid> ryil gFg;gha;T (Sieve
limit) gupNrhjid Nghd;w gy kz;
gupNrhjidfs; MLfsj;jp kz;khjp
upfSf;F nra;tJ tof;fk;. MLfsj;
(Optimum Moisture Content) 12 rjtPjkhf
jp cs;s cfe;j kz;zpd; <ug;gjd;
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
md;ghd thrfHfNs! FbrhH nghwp
apa gw;wpa gy tplaq;fis ,j;
njhlH fl;Liu %ykhf cq;fSld;
gfpHe;J nfhs;tjp kdepiwtilfpd;
Nwd;. njhlHe;J ciuahLNthk;. cq;
fs; vz;zf;fUj;Jf;fisAk; gfpHe;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
(njhlUk;)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrey_Village_
crhj;Jiz:
Cricket_Ground
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Premadasa_
Stadium
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galle_
International_Stadium
• https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/
improvement-of-geotechnical-properties-of-cricket-
pitches-2165-784X-1000256.pdf
akani.suresh@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
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xUtDf;F mzpfyd; MFk; vd ts;
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mikjpahd R+oiyf; Fog;ghj nrhw;
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ikf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp Neupa topap tho
Ntz;Lk;. ehtlf;fk; ed;ik jUNk
xopa jPik juhJ.
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yp mfg;glhJ. mJNghy thia
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fpdhH. ‘tha; eyjhdh CUk; e
yJ’ vd;gJ tha; gw;wpa gonkhop.
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ghHfs;. jPapdh Rl;l Gz; MwptpLk;.
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sj;jp xUNghJk; kiwaNt kiwahJ.
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,og;ghH. mjpfkhfg; Ngrpdh mik
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dk; Ngr;rp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. tPl;b
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tPl;b njhlq;Fk; ,e;j td;Kiwah
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mikfpd;wJ.
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njLj;Jg; Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhH ts;
StH. 645 MtJ Fwsp ‘nrhYf
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whapd; Ngr;rp nrhw;Fw;wNkh> nghUs;
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fs; kpfTk; typikahdit. mtw;iw
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jha; tPL
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iaNa gpbj;jtHfis ehk; mwpNthk;.
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jpdrup ek; tho;f;ifap ghHf;fpNwhk;.
tha;f;F te;jgb NgRtijtpl thiag;
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nra.
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gjh gzk; nfhl;lg; Nghtjpiy.
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Lk;. myJ> ehd; NtW nrayhsiu
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nrayhsH jpdKk; rupahd Neuj;Jf;F
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fp FiwT. mikjpiatpl rf;jpahd
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ntw;wpf;F mHj;jkpyhkYk;> Njit
apyhkYk;> gpd;tpisTfis mwpah
kYk; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUg;gij tpl;LtpLq;
fs;. ePq;fs; nrhtNj rup> nra;tNj
rup vd;W filrptiu thjhlhjPHfs;.
cz;ik vJ? ngha; vJ? vd;W rup
ahf tprhupf;fhk ,q;Nf Nfl;lij
mq;Fk;> mq;Nf Nfl;lij ,q;Fk;
nrhtij tpl;LtpLq;fs;. vNyhuplj;
jpYk; vyh tplaq;fisAk; mtH
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k gz;igAk;> gzpitAk; fhl;Lq;fs;.
NgrhjtHfisg;gw;wp epidg;gij tpl;L
tpl;L> NgRgtHfsplk; re;Njhrkhfg;
Ngrpg;goFq;fs;. mJNt Njitapyhj
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- rp. ew;Fzypq;fk; -
kd mOj;jq;fisf; Fiwf;Fk;. gpwiu
moitg;gtHfs; jq;fs; fz;fspYk;
fz;zPH cz;L vd;gij kwe;J tplf;
$lhJ. ‘gpwuJ mtkhdj;jp kfpo;r;rp
nfhs;gtHfs; jhq;fSk; mr;re;jHg;
gj;Jf;fhf fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;’ vd;
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vd;whYk; nrhyf;$lhJ. mJNt rpy
Neuk; gyH tho;it vJTk; ,yhk
gz;zptpLk;.
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jp ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jptpLfpd;wd.
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tpaKiw vd gps;is tpsq;fpf;
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NthL ,izj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. $ba
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NghJ mtuJ $lj;Jf;F ez;gHfs;
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rupapiy. Nfhzyhf cs;sJ ,ij
nfhQ;rk; rupnra;Aq;fs; vd;wdH. me;
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jpUe;jh vd;Dila rpiyap Fiwah
vdf;Nfl;bUf;fyhk;. mq;Nf epjhdkhf
ele;jjh rz;ilf;F tha;g;Ng Vw;gl
tpiy.
xU ftdf;Fiwthd thHj;ij rHr;ir
aha; KbAk;. xU fLikahd thHj;ij
tho;f;ifia Kwpf;Fk;. xU frg;ghd
thHj;ij ntWg;ig tsHf;Fk;. nrhw;
fs; NjdPf;fs; Nghd;wit. mitfsp
NjDk; cz;L. nfhLf;Fk; cz;L.
,q;F epjhdk;jhd; Kf;fpak;. vyh
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fijf;fNtz;ba ,lj;jp nksdkha;
,Uj;j. nksdkha; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba
,lj;jp epjhdkw;W Ngrpj; njhiyg;
gJ. epjhdkhfg; NgRgtH tpijf;
fpwhH. Nfl;gtH mij mWtil nra;fp
whH. vdNt Ngr;rp epjhdk;
mtrpak;.
natkunalingam@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 35 -
- 36 -
,izaj;jp ngz; xLf;Fj
ng z;fs; kPJ ,iza
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tUfpwJ. ngz;fs; murpaypNyh> nghJ
ntspapNyh NgRk; NghJ mtiu ghyp
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gw;wpa Nftykhd kjpg;gPNl ,JthFk;.
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- fz;zd; uh[; -
,tHfisg; Nghd;w NftykhdtHfs;
jhd; xU rhd;wpjop ifnahg;gkpl
ghypa yQ;rk; NfhUk; NfLnfl;l
fhupaq;fisr; nra;aj; JzpgtHfs;.
Vnddp ve;j ngz;Zk; ve;j MZl
Dk; ghypa njhlHig itj;Jf;nfhs;
ths; vd;fpw NfLnfl;l rpe;jidapd;
ntspg;ghLfNs nghJntspap ,t;
thwhd thHj;ijfsp ntspg;gLfpwJ.
XH mur cj;jpNahfj;jH> mJTk; nghJ
kf;fSf;F ed;dlj;ijr; rhd;wpjo;
toq;Fk; nghWg;gpYs;s cj;jpNahfj;
jH ,t;thW nghJntspfsp mehfup
fkhd thHj;ijfisg; gpuNahfpg;gJ
jhgd tpjpf; Nfhitapd; gb Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg; glf; $bajh?
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fsplk; nfhz;L tUfpNwd;.
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fisAk; ,tH ,t;thW Nftykhf
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Fk; NghJ ,t;thW fijf;Fk; xUtH>
jdpahf jd;dplk; tUk; ngz;fsplk;
vt;thW ciuahLthH?
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mur cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; gq;fspf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; ngz;fis fz;zp
ag;gLj;Jk; tifap ele;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; mur cj;jpNahfj;jH
fspd; flik vd;fpw tifap> ,tH
mur cj;jpNahfj;jpw;F jFjpahdtuh?
vd;gij cq;fs; Kbtpw;Nf tpl;L tpL
fpNwd;.
mtH gpuNjr nrayfj;Jf;F mDg;gpa
fbjj;jpd; gpujpia KfE}yp gjptpl>
mtw;iwAk; mfw;wf; Nfhup gyUk;
me;jf; fpuhk NrtfUld; ,ize;J
KfE}Yf;F mDg;gpa Nfhupf;ifia
Vw;wpUf;fpwJ KfE} epHthfk;> mjd;
gb me;jg; gjpit ePf;fpAkpUe;jJ.
NkYk; gy Nghyp KfE} fzf;Ff-
spypUe;J Fwpj;j ngz; nraw;ghl;lh
sUf;F cl; ngl;bap Mghr trT-
fis mDg;GtJk;> mtJ}Wfisg;
gug;GtJkhf mtHfSila Mzhjpf;
fj; jbj;jdk; ,d;Dk; epd;w ghbiy.
,tHfSf;F ,g;gbahd kdepiyia
Ak; MjuitAk; mspg;gJ jdpNa
mtHfspd; nrhe;j Kbty. ‘ngz;Zf;
nfjw;F murpanyyhk;> ngz;Zf;nf
jw;F ,e;j Ntz;lhj Ntiyfs;>
Mz;fs; vd;wh nfhQ;rk; mg;gb
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Ntz;Lk;. cq;fSf;nfJf;F Njit
apyhj Ntiy’nad;W nrhypf; nfhz;
bUf;Fk; ek; ngUk;ghd;ikr; r%fj;
jpd; xU ntspg;ghL jhd; NkNy Fwpg;
gpl;l fpuhk Nrtfupd; epiy. ,g;gb
ahdtHfsplkpUe;J ehk; ngz;fis
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gbf; ifahsg; NghfpwJ?
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jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
fyk;: gz;ghLfspd; re;jpg;G ntsp
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, epWtdj;jpd; Kaw;rpAlDk;
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fiyQHfs; / vOj;jhsHfs; kw;Wk;
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aho;g;ghzk;> n[Hkdp kw;Wk; gpw ,lq;
fspypUe;J midj;J tifahd Mf;f
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ikap jdJ epfo;r;rpfis xOq;f
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ghf ,Uf;Fk; mtw;iwf; fyj;jpd;
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UkhdtH jd;Dila ehtypd; gFjp
fis thrpj;J ciuahLk; ,iza
ntsp xd;W $l ,lk;ngw;wJ.
‘ePz;l fhykhf gpuhd;]; kw;Wk; n[H-
kdpapd; tuyhW jtpHf;f Kbahj
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,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpe;ija
,U ehLfspd; eypzf;f Kaw;rpfs;
kw;Wk; cwTfSf;F xU Gjpa mbj;
jsj;ij mikj;J> gy E}w;whz;Lfspd;
Nghl;bia KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;j
vyprP xg;ge;jj;jp ifnaOj;jpl;lJ.
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Kd;Ndhf;F kw;Wk; ,uz;L ma
ehLfspd; xj;jpirT INuhg;ghtpw;F
ntspNa ngUk; xg;Gjiyj; J}z;b
As;sJld;> rHtNjr mstp eypzf;
fj;jpw;fhd Kd;khjpupahfTk; ngaup
lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2020
,yq;ifap cs;ehl;Lg; NghH Kb
tile;J gjpndhU Mz;LfSf;Fg;
gpwFk;> mjd; tpisTfs; ,d;Dk;
vq;Fk; ,iy> ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;
eypzf;fr; nraghl;b xUtUf;
nfhUtH vt;thW ifahs;tJ vd;w
Nfs;tpfs; jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fs kf;
fspd; rftho;T kw;Wk; xw;Wikf;F
Kf;fpakhdit.
,e;j R+oyp N[Hkd;-gpnuQ;R gj;jpup
ifahsH n[uhbd; ];thH]; jdJ
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jiyg;G: ‘kwe;jtHfs;> eh[p INuhg;-
ghtp vdJ FLk;gj;jpd; fij - xU
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epidtfj;jp gzpahw;Wtjd; %yk;
tuyhw;NwhL nghUe;Jk; ma cwT
fSf;fhd Ntz;LNfhs; kw;Wk; kwjp>
mlf;FKiw kw;Wk; ngha;ikg;gLj;
j Mfpatw;wpw;F vjpuhd Ntz;L
Nfhshf epidT$u fyhr;rhuk; Fwpj;j
tpthjj;jpw;F ];thH]; miof;fg;gl;
lhH’ vd;w Fwpg;Gld; ,e;j epfo;T
,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ.
,uz;lhtjhf ‘xU epyTUtp %d;W
nkhopAlfs;’ vd;w Gj;jf ntspaPL
,lk;ngw;wJ.
- jd;dpiy / Kd;dpiy / glHf;if
xU epyTUtp %d;W nkhopAlfs;
vd;fpw nghUsp ,lk;ngw;w ciu
ahl epfo;nthd;W nrg;uk;gH> 2019
, 23> 25> 27 Mfpa jpfjpfsp
NfhNj epWtdKk; aho;g;ghzg; g
fiyf;fof Ez;fiyg;gPlKk; Gjpa
nrhYk; ,ize;j gq;fspg;gp eil
ngw;wpUe;jJ.
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NtW ehLfsp> %d;W ntt;NtW
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wpUe;jdH. ,tHfsp nre;J}ud; tuj-
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wd vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk;; vOJgtupd; Ra
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ngw;wpUe;jd. ,e;j ciuahlfspd;
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fUj;JepiyfisAk; Ra mDgtq;
fisAk; fle;J mit cUthf;fpa
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fpd;wd. mtw;wpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
jk; mDgtq;fis> fUj;Jf;fis cs;
slf;fpa njhFg;ghf ,e;jg; Gj;jfk;
ntsp te;jpUf;fpwJ.
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‘xYtp gs;sf;fhl;L ahidfspd;
fij’ vd;w jdpegH xspg;glf; fz;
fhl;rp Muk;gpj;J itf;fg;gl;lJ.
‘tdtptrhap> tdg;ghJfhtyd;> tdj;
jpd; je;ij vdg; gythf ,Uf;Fk;
- 37 -
- RNyhr;rdh -
ahidfs; xspg;glkhfNt kl;LNk kpQ;
Rk; jpdk; te;jh G+kp mjd; ehl;
fis vz;zpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;W
mHj;jk;.
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fiyj;Jtj; NjitfUjpNah> Ma;Tj;
Njitf;fhfNth myJ R+oiyf; fz;
fhzpf;Fk; Nehf;fk; fUjpNah gad;
gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjhFk;. mt;tifap
,t;tplaq;fis ntt;NtW tpfpjhrhuj;
jpw; nfhz;l tpopg;G+l;lw; nraw;ghl;il
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jpwf;f tho;j;Jf;fs;.
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- 38 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
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spd; thu ,Wjpg; gpujpap Penpal corner
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khw;wpaik gw;wpahFk;. Ngdh ez;gH
vt;tsT ngupa tpisTfis Vw;gLj;
jyhk; vd;gijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
1908 Mz;b gpupj;jhdpaUf;F vjpuhf
td;Kiw vjpHg;Gfs; njhlHe;j fhyk;
mJ. mjw;F Mjuthd lhuf; ehj; jh];
vd;gtH> mf;fhyj;jp gpugakhd
u\;a vOj;jhsuhd ypNah lh];lhapd;
Mjuit Ntz;b mtH cjtpia ehb
dhH.
2020
mikjpAk;’ (War and Peace)> md;dh
ypNah lh];lha; mtHfs; ‘NghUk;
fuPdh (Anna karenina) Nghd;w rpwe;j
Ehfspd; MrpupaUk; rpWfij vOj;jh
sUkha; ,Ue;jjhYk; mbikj;jdj;
jpw;F vjpuhff; Fu nfhLg;gtH vd;g
jhYk; jq;fs; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F Mjuit
jUkhW Ntz;bdhH.
mtUf;F taJ KjpHe;jpUe;jhYk;
jdf;F te;j fbjj;jpw;F ntF njspthf
jdJ rhj;tPf Nghuhl;lj;jpd; mir
vOJk; fbjk; (A letter to a Hidu) vd;w
ahj ek;gpf;ifAld; xU ,e;JTf;F
jiyg;Gld; gjp vOjpdhH. mf;fbj;
jpy; cs;s caupa fUj;Jf;fsh ft
,Ue;J ntspte;j ‘Free Hindustan’
ug;gl;l lhuf; ehj; jh]; yz;ldp
vd;w gj;jpupifap mf;fbjj;ijg; gpu
Rupj;jhH.
fhe;jpapd; mfpk;irg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
tpij me;jf; fbjj;jp jhd; ,Ue;
jJ. mij thrpf;Fk; NghJ mtUf;F
taJ ,d;Dk; ehw;gJ $l ,iy>
Mdh mf;fbjk; mtuJ rpe;jid
ap ngUk; khw;wj;ij cz;lhf;fpaJ.
mg;NghJ njd; Mgpupf;fhtp cup
ikg; Nghuhl;lthjpahf ,Ue;j fhe;jp
ad; xgPdpad;’ (Indian Opinion) vd;w
jhd; Kd;dpd;W elj;jp te;j ‘,e;jp
gj;jpupifap gpuRupg;gjw;F ypNah
lh];lhapw;F Kjw; fbjj;ij vOjp
dhH. ,JNt kfhj;kh fhe;jp - ypNah
lh];lha; Ngdh el;gpd; Muk;gk;.
mtHfSila Ngdh el;G ,uz;Nl tU
lq;fs; kl;Lk; ePbj;jJ. ypNah lh];
lha; etk;gH 1910k; Mz;L ,we;J tpl;
lhH.
ePq;fs; Nfl;fyhk; mg;gb vd;d tplak;
me;jf; fbj;jp vOjp ,Ug;ghH vd;W.
,q;F KOf; fbjj;ij juKbahtpl;lh
Yk; xU rpW gFjpia nkhop ngaHj;
Jj; jUfpNwd;.
‘ePq;fs; nrhfpwPHfs; Mq;fpNyaH cq;
fis mbikg;gLj;jp itj;jpUg;gjw;
Ff; fhuzk; ePq;fs; Jzpe;J epd;W
NghuhlhjJk;> td;Kiwf;F ,izahf
td;Kiwahfg; NghuhlhjJNk vd;W.
Mdh cz;ik mjw;F Kw;wpYk;
NenujpuhdJ. INuhg;gpa Mq;fpNyaH
,e;jpa kf;fis mbikg;gLj;jpdhHfs;
vdpd; ,e;jpah mjid Vw;Wf;nfhz;L>
njhlHe;Jk; td;Kiwjhd; ntw;wp Njh
tpia rKjhaj;jp epHzapf;Fk; vDk;
fUj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sjh jhd;.
Kd;G mtHfs; rpW rpW kd;dHfspd;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; mlq;fp mtHfSf;
fhf jkf;Fs; NghH nra;jtHfs;> NghH
nra;jhHfs;. ,g;Ngh kPz;Lk; INuhg;gp
aHfSf;F vjpuhf NghH nra;a Kw;gL
fpwhHfs;.’
‘,UE}W kpypad; kf;fs; thOk; xU
ehl;il xU tpahghuf; fk;gdp mbikg;
gLj;jpAs;sJ vd;gij> %lek;gpf;if
ap %o;fp ,yhj xUtuplk; nrhd;
dh mtH GupahJ tpopg;ghH. ,UE}W
kpypad; MNuhf;fpakhd> mwpTs;s
ty;yikAld; Rje;jpu jhfKila kf;
fis> Kg;gjhapuk; MNuhf;fpakpyhj
rhjhuzkhdtHfs; vg;gb mlf;fp itj;
Js;shHfs;? vz;zpf;iffis Nehf;F
ifap Mq;fpNyaH mbikg;gLj;jp
dhHfs; vd;gjpYk;> ,e;jpaHfs; jk;ik
mbikg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs; vd;gJ
jhd; nghUe;Jk;.’
- 39 -
- Fkhu; GdpjNty; -
NkYk; mf;fbjj;jp xU tplaj;ij
eifr;Ritahff; $wpapUg;gijAk;
Mo;e;J rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtH $wp
aJ ‘Mq;fpNyaH jk;ik mbikg;gLj;
jpAs;shHfs; vd;W $WtJ FbfhuH>
kJr;rhiy tpahghup jq;fis kJtpw;W
mbikg;gLj;jptpl;lhH vd;gJ NghYs;
sJ!’ vd;gjhk;.
ypNah lh];lha; fhe;jpAld; itj;jp
Ue;j fbjj;njhlHgp ngUksT fPij
iaAk;> jpUf;FwisAk; Nkw;Nfhs;
fhl;b vOjpAs;shH. mtH fPijiaf;
Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lifap> mtw;iw
fpU\;zh $wpajhfTk; jpUf;Fwis
Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lifap ‘,e;J Fws;’
vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sik xU Ritahd
jftyhFk;.
lh];lha; gy Fws;fis Nkw;Nfhs;
fhl;b ,Ug;gpDk; midj;ijAk; ,q;F
jUtJ mHj;jkw;wjhFk;. fhe;jpapd; rpe;
jidap ngUk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp
rpiwap ,Ue;j Ntis jpUf;Fwis
Kw;whf fw;fitj;j rpy Fws;fis
,q;F juyhk; vd vz;ZfpNwd;.
fWj;jpd;dh nra;jtf; fz;Zk;
kWj;jpd;dh
nra;ahik khrw;whH Nfhs;
- Fws; 312
xUtd; fWT nfhz;L Jd;gk; nra;j
NghjpYk; mtDf;F jpUk;g Jd;gk;
nra;ahjpUe;jNy khrw;w nfhs;ifah
Fk;.
,d;dh nra;jhiu xWj;j mtHehz
ed;dak; nra;J tpl
- Fws; 314
,d;dh nra;jhiu jz;bj;j mtNu
ehZk; gbahf mtUf;F eYjtp
nra;J mtUila jPikiaAk; kwe;J
tpLjyhFk;.
mwptpdhd; MFt Jz;Nlh
gpwpjpd;Neha;
je;Neha; Nghw;whf; fil
- Fws; 315
kw;w capupd; Jd;gj;ij jd; Jd;gk;
Ngh fUjpj; fhg;gw;whtpl;lh ngw;
Ws;s mwptpdh MFk; gad; cz;
Nlh?
,g;gbahf ypNah lhy];lha; mtHfs;
,wg;gjw;F ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F Kd;
fpilj;j Ngdh ez;gdhd fhe;jp mb
fis rhj;tPfj;jp ek;gpf;if Vw;gLj;jp
mtiu xU mtjhu GU\dhfNt khw;wp
tpl;lhH. mJ kl;Lky ,e;j el;G
ehl;lj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mtH Rev
fhe;jpabfSf;F jpUf;Fwsp ngUk;
R.V. Pope mtHfspd; Mq;fpy nkhop
ngaHg;igg; gbj;jJld; XusT jkpo;
fw;W mjp ghz;bj;jpaKk; ngw;W
,Ue;jhH.
etk;gH 1910k; Mz;b Gfo; ngw;w
vOj;jhsH ypNah lhy];lha; ,we;jhH.
,tHfs; Ngdh el;G ,uz;L tUlq;fs;
kl;LNk ePbj;jhYk;> fhe;jpabfs; jhd;
njd; Mgpupf;fhtp Muk;gpj;j Ra G+Hj;
ngaiu itj;jhH. me;j Njhl;lk; Leo
jpj;Njhl;lj;jpw;F jdJ Ngdh ez;gH
Tolstoy Farm vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ.
vd;Nd ,e;j Ngdh
el;G.
kumar.punithavel@thaiveedu.com
- 40 -
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fhH khHf;]; Ew;whz;L tpoh nfhOk;
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- ny. KUfG+gjp -
mjd; mikg;Gf;FOtp ,ize;J
,aq;fpatH fNzrypq;fd;. tpohr;nry
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fpdhH. ebfkzp tp.tp. ituKj;J>
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gid rP. rpjk;gug;gps;is> msntl;b
A+H Kj;ijah Iahj;Jiu Nghd;wtH
fspd; fiy tsHr;rpf;F ,tuJ gq;
fspg;G msg;gupajhFk;. thndhyp
%ykhfTk; fiyg;ghuk;gupak; njhlH
ghd ciufis epfo;j;jp> rpwe;j Ngr;
rhsuhfTk; tpsq;fpdhH.
j. rz;KfRe;juk; mtHfs; jdJ vOj;
Jj;Jiwap tho;f;if tuyhw;iw vO
JtijAk; XH mq;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;
jhH. jd;id kpfTk; ftHe;jpUe;j
NguhrpupaH f. fzgjpg;gps;is> Nguhrpup
aH R. tpj;jpahde;jd;> rptj;jkpo; nrtp.
gz;bij jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b Mfp
Nahupd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw> KiwNa>
‘fiyaUtp fzgjpg;gps;is rpy
epidTfs;’> ‘fiykfpo;ed;’> ‘rptj;jkpo;
nrtk;’ Mfpa jiyg;Gfsp E}
fshf ntspapl;lhH. ,tw;Ws; fiya
Utp fzgjpg;gps;is - rpy epidTfs;
vd;w E}> ,yq;if rhfpj;jpa kz;
lyg; guprpidg; ngw;wJ.
khtpl;lGuj;jpNy gpwe;J> me;j kz;
izNa tho;tplkhff; nfhz;l rz;-
KfRe;juk;> irtrkaj;jp Mo;e;j
ek;gpf;ifAk;> khitf; fe;jd; Nk
mstpyhg; gf;jpAk; nfhz;ltH. mj;
Jld; fiyQHfspd; FbapUg;ghfTk;>
fiyfspd; ciwtplkhfTk; tpsq;fpa
khtpl;lGuk;> kw;Wk; njypg;gis>
msntl;b Nghd;w maw;fpuhkq;fspd;
fiyr; rpwg;Gf;fisAk;> fiyfspd;
ghuk;gupaq;fisAk; ntspf;nfhzUk;
tifap> ‘,irAk; kuGk;’> fiyAk;
kuGk;’> ‘aho;g;ghzj;J ,irNtshsH’
Mfpa E}fis vOjpdhH. irtrkak;
njhlHghf> ‘aho;g;ghzj;J tPuirtH’>
‘<oj;J rpj;jH rpe;jid tpUe;J’> ‘KU-
fidg; G+rpf;f mUkiwf; ftp’>
rptNd Nghw;wp FfNd Nghw;wp’ Nghd;w
E}fisAk; vOjpAs;shH.
- 43 -
- Nt. tpNtfhde;jd; -
rz;KfRe;juk; mtHfs;> ghlrhiyap
jdJ gzpfSf;fg;gh gNtW flik
fspYk; <Lgl;L> khztHfspdJk; ghl
rhiyapdJk; tsHr;rpf;F cWJiz
Gupe;jhH. kfh[dhf; fY}upap gzp
ahw;wpa NghJ> caHju tFg;G khz
tH kj;jpap> rpWfijg; Nghl;bfis
elj;jp> rpwe;j rpWfijfisj; njhFj;J>
‘,sKiy’ vd;w ngaup ntspapl;
lhH. kfh[dhf; fY}upapd; nghd;
tpohtpidAk; mJ njhlHghd Gj;jff;
fz;fhl;rpapidAk; rpwg;ghf elj;jpdhH.
fY}upapd; rpw;gp ghtyH Jiuag;gh
gps;isapd; ftpijfisAk;> vOj;Jf;
fisAk; Njbj; njhFj;J> gjpg;gpj;j
jp ,tuJ gq;F msg;gupajhFk;.
mtuJ E}w;whz;L epidtpd; NghJ>
E}w;whz;L kyH ntspaPL> rpiy epWT
j> tpohtpid rpwg;ghf elj;Jj
Nghd;wtw;wp ngUk; gq;Ffhw;wpdhH.
GJf;FbapUg;G kfhtpj;jpahyaj;jp>
gzpGupe;j NghJ (1975-1980) mq;F
kiwe;J> mope;J nfhz;bUe;j kuG
topf; fiyfisAk; fiyQHfisAk;
fiyAyFf;F mwpKfk; nra;aNtz;
ba mtrpaj;ij czHe;J> mjw;fhd
Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;lhH. mjd; ga
dhf> td;dpapa vd;w njhlup> GJf;
FbapUg;Gf; $j;Jk; kuGk;> FUtpr;rp
eha;r;rp rypg;G Nghd;w gilg;Gf;fSk;
ntspte;jd. NkYk; td;dpts ehl;Lf;
fiykugpid ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rp
ahf> ,yq;if fyhr;rhug; Nguitapd;
jkpo; ehlff; FOtpdJ jiytuhf
tpsq;fpa NguhrpupaH fhHj;jpNfR rptj;
jk;gp mtHfspd; cjtpAld;> 1975Mk;
Mz;L fiy tpoh xd;wpid rpwg;ghf
elj;jpdhH.
j. rz;KfRe;juk; mtHfs; Kg;gj;njhU
tUlq;fs; MrpupauhfTk;> rpy tUlq;
fs; cg mjpguhfTk;> mjpguhfTk;
gzpahw;wpa fhyj;jp> gy Ma;Tfis
Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhH. kJiuap Ie;jh
tJ jkpohuha;r;rp kfhehL eilngw;w
NghJ ‘<oj;jp irtf; fpuhkpa top
ghL’ vd;w jiyg;gp Ma;Tf; fl;Liu
apid rkHg;gpj;J gyuJ ghuhl;ilAk;
ngw;whH. 01-08-1984yp Xa;T ngw;w
NghjpYk; njhlHe;Jk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;
Lk;> Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;Lk; te;jhH.
1986Mk; Mz;lstp jQ;rhT+H g
fiyf;fofj;jpd; Gyikg;guprp ngw;W>
mg;gfiyf;fof ehlfj;Jiwg; Nguh-
rpupaH ,uhkhD[k; mtHfsJ Nkw;
ghHitapYk; JizNte;jH R. tpj;jp-
ahde;jd; mtHfsJ topfhl;lypYk;
‘aho;g;ghzj;J kf;fs; fiyfs;’ vd;
Dk; jiyg;gp ,yf;fpa Ma;tpid
Nkw;nfhz;lhH. vdpDk;> mk;Kaw;rp
epiwTngw Kd;dNu> cl Neha;tha;g;
gl;L> [_iy khjk; 30Mk; jpfjp 1986
Mk; Mz;L> jdJ mWgj;NjhuhtJ
tajp ,t;Tyif tpl;L ePj;jhH.
kfh[dhf; fY}upapd; nghf;fp\khff;
fUjg;gl;l> j. rz;KfRe;juk; mtH
fspd; gzpfSk; gilg;Gf;fSk;> mt
uJ ngaiu vd;Wk; epiyngwr; nra;
Ak;. cynfq;Fk; thOk;> mtUld;
fiy> ,yf;fpa cyfp ,ize;J
gazpj;jtHfspdJk;> khztHfspdJk;
cs;sq;fsp mtH ePf;fkw epiwe;
Js;shH vd;gJ kWf;fKbahj cz;
ikahFk;.
vivekananthan.v@thaiveedu.com
- 44 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
ehlf tpupTiuahsH ujpjud;
khrp 18k; jpfjp aho;.
1994 gfiyf;fof ifyhr-
gjp muq;fp NkilNa
wpa ‘ngha;f;fh’ vd;w ehlfj;ijg;
ghHf;Fk; re;jHg;gk; vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ.
ehlfj;jpd; gpw;gFjpap ngha;f;fh
mzpe;j xU murpathjp vLgpbfs;
#og; ghHitahsHfs; Clhf tUthH.
‘cJ MH... rup... rup... mJ... X...
mtw;u... XNkhk;...’ vd;wgb ghHit
ahsHfisg; ghHj;J Fk;gpL Nghl;l
thW mtH Nkilf;Fr; nrYk; fhl;rp
ml;lfhrkhf ,Uf;Fk;. me;j mw;Gj
khd ebfHjhd; ,d;W ehk; gjpT
nra;Ak; ujpjud; mtHfs;. ,e;ehlfk;>
60 jlitfSf;FNk jkpo;g; gFjp
fnsq;Fk; NkilNaw;wg;gl;lJ. ftpQH
,. KUifad; vOjpa ,e;ehlfj;ij
f. rpjk;guehjd; newpahs;if nra;
jpUe;jhH.
,tH caHftpia mf;fuhad; kfhtpj;
jpahyaj;jp gapd;W aho;. gfiyf;
fofj;Jf;Fj; njupthdhH. mq;F ehlf
Kk; muq;ftpaYk; ghlj;ij Kjd;ik
ahff; nfhz;L ,sq;fiykhdp gl;lk;
ngw;w ,tH i`jughj; gfiyf;
fofj;jp KJfiykhdpg; gl;lj;ijAk;
fyhepjpg; gl;lj;ijAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;
lhH. jw;NghJ aho; gfiyf;fofj;jp
ehlfj;Jiw rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsuh
fg; gzpGupfpwhH.
rhjhuz fpuhkj;Jr; r%f ehlf mD
gtk; kl;Lk; ngw;wpUe;j ,tUf;F
1985, aho; gfiyf;fof ifyhrgjp
muq;fp ghHj;j ‘kz;Rke;j NkdpaH’
ehlfk; mtuJ ehlf tho;tp ngUk;
jpUg;GKidahf mike;J NghdJ.
mg;NghJ caHju tFg;G gbj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;j mtUf;F etPd ghzp
ap me;ehlfk; jkJ gpur;rpidfisr;
nrhd;dJ gpbj;Jg; Nghapw;W. gpd;dH
mNj fiyauq;fp ehlfq;fs; ebj;j
Jk;> newpahs;if nra;jJk;> mNj
gfiyf;fofj;jp ehlf tpupTiuah
suhdJk; mtuJ rupj;jpuk;.
‘kz;Rke;j NkdpaH’ Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fk;
fhuzkhf jdJ 17tJ tajp mf;-
fuhad; kfhtpj;jpahya rf caHju
khztHfSf;fhf ‘Ntypf;Fs; ahid’
vd;w ehlfj;ij ,tH vOjp> ,af;
fpdhH. J}ukhf ,Ue;j tpraq;fs;
,g;Ngh fpl;l te;Jtpl;ld vd;W murp
aiy etPd ghzpap nrhypa ehlfk;
mJ. NkYk;> Fbia ikag;gLj;jpa
‘tho;tpd; tPo;T’> GiuNahbg;NghAs;s
r%ff; FiwghLfis vjpHf;Fk; ‘ntz;
Fopak;’> kNyupah Neha; gw;wpa tpopg;
GzHit Vw;gLj;Jk; ‘nrafspd; epiy
kl;Lk;’> fhag;gl;l ,af;f cWg;gpd
iuf; fhg;ghw;w r%fk; nra;j jpahfk;
Fwpj;j ‘gidapd; epo’ vd;gd ,tH
jd; khztg; gUtj;jp vOjp> Nkil
Naw;wpa ehlfq;fshFk;.
gfiyf;fofj;jp gapYk; ehl;fsp
gy ehlfq;fsp ebj;jJld; gNtW
ehlfq;fis vOjp> newpahs;if nra;
Js;shH. xU jdp kdpjdpd; czHT
fisj; jdpj;jdpg; ghj;jpuq;fshf;fp
NkilNaw;wpa ‘cile;j tl;lk;’> gfpb
tijia ikag;gLj;jpa ‘Mj;khtpd;
Kdf’> kuzj;jpd; jhf;fj;ijr; nrh
Yk; ‘capUs;s ,ae;jpuk;’ vd;gd
mtw;Ws; rpythFk;. NkYk; k`hftp
apd; ‘Nfhil’ ehlfj;ij newpahs;if
nra;J NkilNaw;wpdhH.
1994, ,tH aho; gfiyf;fof
ikjhdj;jp NkilNaw;wpa ‘mz;l
ntsp’ vd;w ehlfNk ,tiu milah
sg;gLj;jpa ehlfkhFk;. kpd;rhuj; jil
fhuzkhf xyp> xsp mikg;Gfs; nra;a
2020
Kbahj #oyp> Nkilfs; ,yhk
xU jpwe;j muq;fhf ,e;ehlfj;ij
mtH NkilNaw;wpdhH. me;ehsp epy
tpa cwTfs; gpupe;j fij> nghUsh
jhuj; jilfs; Nghd;wtw;iw fUthff;
nfhz;l ,e;ehlfj;jp xU gf;fj;jh
jtp Nks jhsj;Jld; flTisg; gf;
jHfs; J}f;fptu> ,d;ndhU gf;fj;jh
giwNksk; Koq;f gpzk; xd;iwg;
ghilap itj;Jr; rpyH J}f;fptUtH.
,U gFjpapdUk; re;jpj;J ciuahl
fis epfo;j;JtH. filrpap jtp
thrpj;jtHfs; giwiaAk;> giw mbj;
jtHfs; jtpiyiaAk; thrpj;jg;gb
nrtJ Nghd;w ghj;jpu> fskhw;wq;fs;
epfOk;. fl;lg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j Ie;J
khbf; fl;llj;jpd; cr;rpap #upad;
nky nky cjpg;gJ Nghd;w fhl;rp
Ald; ehlfk; KbTf;F tUk;. 25 eb
fHfs; ,e;ehlfj;jp gq;Fgw;wpapUe;
jdH. ikjhdj;ijr; Rw;wpg; ghHit
ahsHfs; mkHe;jpUf;f eilngw;w ,e;
ehlfj;ij NguhrpupaH fh. rptj;jk;gp>
Foe;ij k. rz;Kfypq;fk; Nghd;w
gyH ghuhl;baik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
,it jtpu> ‘flTSk; Fl;bAk;’ (rpWtH
Ckk; ehlfk;)> ‘tpij fhl;Lk; gapH’>
‘eynjhU FLk;gk;’> ‘%yKj’> ‘Fuq;
Fk; njhg;gp tpahghupAk;’ (rpWtH ehl
fk;)> ‘fhdypNy xU fg;glh fhz;lk;’>
‘MSf;fhs;’> ‘fdtpd; epo’> ‘mg;ghTk;
mk;khTk; ehDk;’ Nghd;w gy ehlq;
fis ,tH vOjp ,af;fpAs;shH. ,t
uJ ehlfq;fsp ghlfs;> $j;jir
Tfs; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;.
ehl;bak; gapd;w gfiyf;fof khz
tHfisf; nfhz;L ‘Mlhj Ml;lk;’
vd;w ehl;ba ehlfj;ij vOjp ,tH
NkilNaw;wpdhH. ,s tajpdupd; r%f
rPHNfLfs; ,jp Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fg;
gl;bUf;Fk;. Mztk;> fd;kk;> khia
vd;w Kk;kyq;fis ikag;gLj;jpa
‘kyePf;fk;’ vd;w ,tuJ ehlfk; ngUk;
TiuahsH T. rdhjdd; ,e;j Nkil
Nkilaikg;Gld; NkilNawpaJ. tpup-
aikg;Gfisr; nra;jpUe;jhH. ,ijj;
njhlHe;J 1999, gfiyf;fof
99’ vd;w ehlfj;ijj; jahupj;jspj;jhH.
tptrhagPl khztHfSf;fhf ‘Action
NkYk;> nghd; nfhopefuhH tuyhw;Wf;
Fwpg;Gf;fis Muha;r;rp nra;J ‘rq;fp-
ypad;’ vd;w rupj;jpu ehlfj;ij vOjp>
newpahs;if nra;jJ tuyhw;Wg; gjp-
thFk;.
,tH i`jughj; gfiyf;fofj;jp
gapYk; ehl;fsp Rdhkpap mfg;
gl;Lj; jg;gpatHfspd; fijfisf; fU
thf;fpa ‘2004;9.0’ vd;w ehlfj;ij vOjp>
newpahs;if nra;J> NkilNaw;wpdhH.
fis ikag;gLj;jpa ‘The Mind’ vd;w
mNj Ngh khztHfspd; gpur;rpid
Ckk; (Mime) ehlfj;ijj; jahupj;J
NkilNaw;wpg; ghuhl;Lf;fisg; ngw;Wf;
gpa ifjpapd; fijiaf; $Wk; Augusta,
nfhz;lhH. NkYk;> rpiwapypUe;J jg;
Lady Gregory vd;w maHyhe;J ehlfh
rpupaupd; ‘The Rising of the Moon’ vd;w
ehlfj;ij Mq;fpy %yj;jp Nkil
Naw;wpdhH.
gpd;dH> jdJ gl;lg;gbg;Gf;fhf ‘epid
tpd; fdT’ vd;w ehlfj;ij jahupj;
jspj;jhH. 2008, ‘fdtpd; epo’ vd;w
ehlfj;ij vOjp> ,af;fp> aho;. g
fiyf;foj;jp ,tH NkilNaw;wpdhH.
,jp ghj;jpuq;fs; Kfj;ijf; fWg;Gj;
Jzpah kiwj;jgb ebj;jpUg;gH. ePjp
kd;wk; xd;wp kdpjdpd; cs;kdij
tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jpa ,e;ehl
fj;ij NkilNaw;wpaijj; njhlHe;J
,tH gy rpukq;fSf;Fk; neUf;Fthuq;
fSf;Fk; cs;shdhH. ,jd; gpd;dH
jPtpu ehlfq;fs; vOjp NkilNaw;W
tijr; rpwpJ fhyk; epWj;jp itj;J
tpl;L> N\f;];gpaupd; ‘xnjNyh’>
NguhrpupaH fzgjpg;gps;isapd; ‘cil
ahupd; kpLf;F’> Nghd;w ehlfq;fis
NkilNaw;wk; nra;jhH. ,NjNgh>
NguhrpupaH f.fzgjpg;gps;isapd;
‘Re;juk; vq;Nf’ vd;w ehlfj;ij jah
upj;J gfiyf;fofq;fspd; muq;fp
a tpohtpYk; nfhOk;gp eilngw;w
rHtNjr kdpj cupikfs; jpdj;jpYk;
NkilNaw;wpdhH.
‘fhykhfptpl;lJ’ (Expired) vd;w ehl
,tH> cyf ehlf jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L
fj;ij jahupj;jspj;jhH. khztHfSld;
fijj;J ehlfg; gpujpia ,tH cU
thf;fpdhH. ,J NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa XH
muq;fhf mike;jpUe;jJ. ,yQ;r
Co tpopg;GzHT Fwpj;j ,tuJ ‘1954’
vd;w njUehlfk; ,yq;if gfiyf;
fofq;fSf;fpilNa elj;jg;gl;l njU
ehlfg; Nghl;bap Kjw;gupirg; ngw;
wJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
aho;. gfiyff;fofk; elj;jpa nkhop
tpd; ‘jhd; tpUk;ghj; jpahfp’ (A Tragedian
ngaHg;G jpdj;Jf;fhf md;ud; nrf;Nfh
in Spite of Himself) vd;w ehlfj;ij
newpahs;if nra;jpUe;jhH. Foe;ij
k. rz;Kfypq;fk; ,jid nkhop
- 45 -
- g. =];fe;jd; -
ngaHj;jpUe;jhH. ,t;thW kz;Zf;Fg;
nghUe;jptuf;$ba gy nkhopngaHg;G
ehlfq;fisAk; newpahs;if nra;J
,tH NkilNaw;wpdhH. ,e;j tifap
Foe;ij k. rz;Kfypq;fk; nkhopng
aHe;j u\;a ehlfq;fshd ‘md;gK
J}Wk; mayhH’> ‘Ntjhsk;’> rPd ehlf
khd ‘rptg;G tpsf;F’> fpNuf;f ehlfq;
fshd ‘<bg]; kd;dd;’> ‘md;bfdp’
Mfpatw;iw ,af;fpaNjhL> n[Hkdpa
ehlfhrpupaH gpnuf;bd; ‘ntz;fl;b tl;
lk;’ ,uhkhD[j;jpd; ‘gak;’ Mfpa ehl
fq;fspd; cjtp ,af;FduhfTk; gzp
ahw;wpAs;shH.
ehlfq;fis newpahs;if nra;tNjhL
epd;Wtplhk ehlfq;fsp ebg;gjpYk;
,tH MHtk; nrYj;jptUfpwhH. me;j
tifap> Foe;ij k. rz;Kfypq;fj;
jpd; ‘cwTfs;’> ‘kdj;jtk;’> k`hftp
apd; ‘Nfhil’> ghujpapd; ‘ghQ;rhyp
rgjk;’> ‘fhj;jtuh[d;’ rpe;Jeilf; $j;J>
‘eP nra;j ehlfNk’> n[auQ;rpdpapd; ‘$H’
Nghd;w gy ehlfq;fsp Kf;fpa ghj;
NkYk; Edward Albee apd; ‘Seascape’,
jpuq;fsp ebj;Jr; rpwg;Gr; nra;Js;shH.
kw;Wk; ‘Umbrella’, ‘World’ Mfpa Mq;
fpy ehlfq;fspYk; ebj;Js;shH.
ehlfj;jp kl;LkyhJ jpiug;glj;
JiwapYk; fhgjpj;J tUk; ,tH>
mz;ikap ‘J}thdk;’ vd;w KOePs
jpiug;glj;ij ,af;fpAs;shH. cs;
ehl;b tho;gtHfSf;Fk; ntspehL
nrd;wtHfSf;Fkhd ,ilntspia
ikag;gLj;jpa ,e;jpiug;glj;jpd; fij>
trdj;ij lhf;lH rptd; Rjd; vOjpAs;
shH. NkYk; ‘ntl;il’> ‘fh’> ‘Covid-19’
Mfpa FWk; jpiug;glq;fisAk; ujp
jud; ,af;fpAs;shH.
etPd ehlfq;fs; Fwpj;j vz;zf;fU>
Nfhl;ghLfs;> nraKiwfs; vd;gtw;
iwf; fw;Wf;nfhLj;j Mrhd;fshf
Foe;ij k. rz;Kfypq;fk;> f. rpjk;gu-
ehjd; MfpNahiuAk;> Nkilap mir
Tfs; Fwpj;j njspTfis Vw;gLj;jpa
e. Re;juypq;fk;> ehlf EZf;fq;fs;
gw;wp mwpTiu je;j NguhrpupaH fh.
MrpupaH David Sinder> ,e;jpa ehlfh
rptj;jk;gp kw;Wk; ,];Nuypa ehlf
rpupaHfs; ,uhkhD[k;> uh[utptHkd;>
uh[{ MfpNahiu ed;wpAld; ,tu;
epidT$He;jhH.
,yq;ifj; jkpoH gz;ghl;il ikag;
gLj;jp ebfUf;fhd gapw;rp vd;w
Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liuia vOjpaNjhL
mjid NkilapYk; gad;gLj;jp tU
gtH. mofpaYf;F mg;gh ghHitah
sHfspd; rpe;jidiaj; J}z;lty
fdhjpahd gilg;ghf ehlfk; mikj
Ntz;Lk; vd;w ek;gpf;if kpf;ftH.
ehlfj;Jiwf;F Mw;wpa Nritf;fhf
[dhjpgjpapd; ‘fyh#up’ tpUJ toq;
fg;gl;L ,tH nfsutpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH.
mtH nkd;NkYk; fiyg;gzpahw;w
jha;tPL
tho;j;JfpwJ.
sriskandan@thaiveedu.com
- 46 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
fhw;wpd; Njrk; vq;Fk;
ce;jd; fhdk; nrd;W jq;Fk;!
HGfOk; ghLk;epyh v];.gp.
gh ghyRg;ukzpak; mtHf
spd; Nguhw;w> ngUik
fisf; nfhz;lhLk; xU filf;Nfhb
,urpfdpd; MAl;fhy thf;F%yk; ,J.
miuE}w;whz;Lf;F Nkyhf ,ir urp
fHfisj; jd;Fuyh Ml;nfhz;b
Ue;j v];.gp.ghyRg;ukzpak; mtHfs;
(md;ghf... nrykhf... RUf;fkhf
v];.gp.gp. myJ ghY) xd;wpuz;ly...
%d;W jiyKiwj; jkpoHfs; tho;tp
VNjh xU tifap jd; ghlfspd;
tbtp fye;Js;shH.
mtH ghba ehw;gjhapuj;jpw;F Nkw;
gl;l ghlfSs; rpy ghlfNs ,q;F
vLj;Jf;fhl;lha;f; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. me;j
,ir MSik NfhNyhr;rpa ,irg;
ngUq;flyp xU tpuiy eidg;gJ
Nghd;wjhd xU Kaw;rpNa ,g;gjpT.
vq;NfAk; vg;NghJk;
rq;fPjk;> re;Njh\k;!
1990 Nk Kjyhk; ehs; nrt;tha;f;
fpoik gpw;gf nfhOk;G - fhyp Kfj;-
jplyp mg;Nghija MSk; fl;rpahd
If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd; Nk ehs;
nghJf;$l;lk;. NghH epWj;jk; epytpa
jh mJ jkpoHfs; mr;rkpd;wp cyh
2020
tpa fhyk;. fl;rp rhHe;j epfo;thapDk;
Nk ehs; $l;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa epfo;thf
fq;if mkud; FOtpdupd; ,ir
epfo;r;rp xOq;F nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.
Kjd;ikg; ghlfHfs; v];.gp. ghy-
Rg;ukzpak;> rpj;uh MfpNahH. ,e;j
,ir epfo;r;rpf;fhfNt Nk ehs; nghJf;
$l;lj;Jf;F ez;gHfNshL NghNdhk;.
murpathjpfs; Ngrpf;nfhz;NlapUe;
jdH. Nkilap mkHe;jpUe;NjhUs;
mg;Nghija [dhjpgjp MH. gpNukjh-
rTk; kidtp N`kh gpNukjhrTk; Kf;
fpakhdtHfs;. jpBnud md;gwptpg;gh
sH gp.vr;. mg;J `kPj; Nkilf;F te;
jhH. fq;if mkud;> ghY> rpj;uh Mfp
Nahiu Nkilf;fioj;jhH. jpUkjp
N`kh gpNukjhr mUfp nrd;w md;
gwptpg;ghsH. mtuplk; VNjh Nfl;f>
mtUk; VNjh nrhy> ehl;bd; Kj
ngz;kzp N`kh gpNukjhr mtHf
spd; tpUg;gg; ghliyj; jq;fs; Kj
ghlyhfg; ghLthHfs; ghY - rpj;uh
MfpNahH vd;wwptpj;jhH mg;J `kPj;.
,urpfHfspd; ifjl;l fhypKfj;jp
liy epiwj;;jJ. $lNt tprpfSk;
cw;rhff; $f;FufSk;.
ghlypd; njhlf;f ,ir xypf;f ifjl;l
Yk; tprpfSk; $f;FufSk; thidg;
gpse;jd. mtHfs; njhlq;fpa ghl
‘khWNfh khWNfh khWfap’. fhypKfj;
jpliy epiwe;jpUe;j ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd
jkpo;> rpq;fsnkhop ,urpfHfSk; Js;
shl;lk; Nghl;ldH.
mg;NghJ nfhOk;gp rpw;wp v/g;.vk;
vd;w gz;giy thndhyp gpugyk;.
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giyap %d;W nkhopfSf;Fkhf elj;
jpa Nrit mJ. ngUk;ghYk; ,uz;L>
rpq;fsg;ghlfs;> ,uz;L jkpo;g;;
ghlfs;> ,uz;L Mq;fpyg; ghl
fs;> ,ilapilNa XH ,e;jpg; ghl.
,Jjhd; toik. xNu miytupir
apNy vyh nkhopg;ghlfSk; xypj;
jjdh Kk;nkhop ,urpfHfSf;Fk;
ngUk;ghyhd Kk;nkhopg; ghlfSk;
mwpKfkhapUe;jd. tpkhd epiyaj;jp
ypUe;J Neubahf Nkilf;Nf te;jpUe;
jdH fq;if mkud;> v];.gp.gp.> rpj;uh
MfpNahH. ghl Kbe;jJk;> fiyQH
fs; mUfpypUe;j jq;FtpLjpf;Fr; nrd;W
rw;W Neuj;jp jk;ikg; GJg;gpj;Jf;
nfhz;L tUthHfs; vd;W mwptpf;fg;
gl;lJ. xU ghlNyhL ,iria ,u
rpf;f te;NjhUf;F ,ilNtis. Ntyp
Nghd;w jLg;GfisAk; rpwg;G mjpu
bg;gilapd; fl;Lf;fhtiyAk; jhz;bg;
gha;e;J nrd;W gpbj;j ,Uf;iffis
tpl;Ltpl KbahJ. fpuhz;l;gh]pypUe;J
- 47 -
- fe;jrhkp fq;fhjud; -
te;Jnfhz;bUe;j Nk ehs; CHtyj;
jp tUk; njhz;lHfSf;fhf xJf;fg;
gl;bUe;j  ,Uf;iffs; mit.  eLNk
ilf;F NeNu %d;whtJ tupirap
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rpq;fsj;jp Ngrpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhH.
tpsq;fhjjh xU fzk; xU Afkhff;
fope;jJ. tpsq;fpdhYk; mg;gbj;jhd;
,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. xUthW Ngr;R Kba>
ghLk;epyh v];.gp.gp.Ak; rpd;df;Fap
rpj;uhTk; Nkilf;F te;jdH. njhlHe;j
,uz;liu - %d;W kzpNeuk; vg;gbg;
gwe;jnjd;Nw njupatpiy.
cd;id epidr;Nrd; ghl;Lg; gbr;Nrd;>
khq;FapNy G+q;FapNy> FUthA+ug;gh...
vd;W mg;NghJ kpfg;gpugykhf ,Ue;j
ghlfnsyhk; fhJfisAk; kdq;
fisAk; epiwj;jd. me;j ,uT fhyp
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- 48 -
fhw;wpd; Njrk;...
47k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
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EioTr;rPl;Lfs; tpw;gidahFk;. `t;-
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Ik;gij thq;fpf; nfhz;L NghdhH.
me;j Nk khjk; KOtJk; vq;fs; Ngr;R
fsp ghYTk; mbf;fb te;JNghthH.
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flTs; mikj;J itj;j
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tpjtpjkhd XirfisAk; toq;fpdhH
iyg; ghbapUf;fpwhHfs; v];.gp.ghy-
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mwptpg;ig thndhypap Nfl;lNghJ
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XusT njspT. gpd;dH MWjyhf>
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tjptpl  cupikia mtNu ftH;e;J
nfhz;lhH.
ehd; xU Nkilg;ghlfd;!
(Sripathi Panditaradhyula Balasubrah-
=gjp gz;bjuj;Ay ghyRg;ukzpak;
manyam) Me;jpu khepyj;jpd; ne-
Y}up 1946, gpwe;jhYk;> ‘60fspd;
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fpilj;jJ. Kjypuz;L ,lk; fpilj;j
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NghJ jkpopYk; njYq;fpYk; ghbf;
nfhz;bUe;j ghlfp xUtH. ,UtUk;
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igaDf;Fj;jhNd Kjyplk; nfhLf;f
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nrhy ,UtUk; Ngha;r; NrHe;jpUf;
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shdjhNyNa Neuj;Jf;Fg; Nghftpiy.
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
njYq;fpYk; fd;dlj;jpYk; mwpKf
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[p.MH. ,ijf;Nfl;lJk; vk;.[p.MH
kPjhd kjpg;G gd;klq;F ngUfptpl;
lJ vd;W ed;wpNahL nefpo;e;J nrh
ypapUf;fpwhH ghY.
Kjw;ghl vd;W ,e;j ,uz;L ghl
fisAk; Clfq;fSk; gj;jpupiffSk;
Fok;Gfpd;wd... Fog;Gfpd;wd. rpy tl
‘Mapuk; epyNt th...’ vd;W vOjpap
,e;jpag; gj;jpupiffSk; Kjw;ghl>
Ue;jd.
1990, nfhOk;G nrd;w ghY jkpo;
zypYk; Kj ghba ghl ‘,aw;if
thu ,jo; xd;Wf;F toq;fpa NeHfh
vDk; ,isa fd;dp’ vd;Nw nrhyp
apUe;jhH.
Mdh Kjyp ntspahd jpiug;glk;
mbikg;ngz;. 1969 Nk> Kjyhk; ehs;.
Nk 23k; ehs; rhe;jp epiyak; ntsp
ahdJ. ,JNt Fog;gj;jpd; fhuzk;.
,d;ndhU jft. rhe;jp epiyaj;jp
ghb mbikg;ngz;zp ghLtjw;Fs;>
‘kypifg;G+ thq;fp te;Njd;’> gy
Mz;LfSf;F Kd; jpiug;glq;fsp
NahL ‘ngsHzkp epytp’> njYq;fp
ghl MNyhrid nrhd;d v];.[hdfp-
,irap ‘Kj;Jr; rpg;gpf;Fs;Ns xU
mwpKfg;gLj;jpa v];.gp.Nfhjz;lghzp
G+ te;J’ vd;W rpy ghlfisg; ghb
tpl;lhH.
mg;Nghija t# kd;dd; vk;.[p.MUf;
Fk; ghbahapw;W. ebg;G kd;dDf;F
njhlu;jy; 49k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
fhw;wpd; Njrk;...
48k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
vg;NghJ ghLtJ? jkpop mwpKf
khfp ,uz;lhz;Lfspd; gpd;dNu eb
jJ. Rkjp vd; Re;jupap> ‘nghl;L
fH jpyfj;Jf;Fk; ghLk; tha;g;G te;
itj;j KfNkh’.
xt;nthU glj;jp xd;Nwh ,uz;Nlh
ghlfs; ghbte;jhH. vk;.[p.Mupd;
filrpf;fhyg; glqfsp xU ghlNy
Dk; ghLk; tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ. XupU
glq;fsp ,uz;L ghlfs;. ehis
ekNjap %d;W ghlfs;. ey
ey ghlfs; fpilj;jd.
‘Mapuk; epyNt th’tp ghY nfhLj;j
rq;fjpfs; vk;.[p.Miu Nahrpf;f itj;
jd. nfhQ;rk; mjpfNkh vd;w gak;
mtUf;F ,Ue;jJ Neubahf ghYtp
lNk nrhd;dhuhk;.
,J nkhfkl; uh/gpapd; ghjpg;G vd;
ghH ghY. jdf;F kpfTk; gpbj;j ghl
fHfSs; Kjyplj;jp ,Ug;gtH uh/gp
jhd; vd;W vj;jidNah jlit nrh
ypapUg;ghH ghY.
ghlfs; ghb ‘80fsp cr;rj;Jf;Fg;
,isauh[htpd; ,irap gyE}W
NghdhH.
nfhz;L> ‘jdJ KjyhtJ glkhd
jd;NdhL ,t;tsT el;ghf ,Ue;J
md;df;fpspap Vd; ,isauh[h ghY-
Tf;F tha;g;Gf; nfhLf;ftpiy?’
vd;w Nfs;tp ,aghfNt vOk;. me;
jg; glj;jpd; Ie;J ghlfSs; xd;W
kl;LNk Mz;Fu. me;jg;ghlYk;
Nrhfj;ijg; gpope;J gpope;J mOfpd;w
ghl. KjghlNy Vd; Nrhfg;ghl
vd;W jtpHj;jpUf;fyhk;.
,isauh[h jdJ ,uz;lhtJ glj;
jp tha;g;Gf; nfhLj;jhH. md;df;fpsp
,af;FeHfshd Njtuh[; - Nkhfd;
,izapd; mLj;j glj;jp ,isa-
uh[htpd; ,irap ,U ghlfs; ghY-
Tf;F. mjp xU ghl ,ioe;;J>
Fioe;;J> cUfp> kUfp ghYTk; [hd-
fpAk; ghba ‘ehd; Ngrte;Njd;’. me;jg;
ghl gw;wpr; nrhyj;jhd; XH thHj;
ijAk; ,iy. ghYtpd; cw;w ez;g
dhd ghujpuh[h Vd; jdJ Kjw;glk;
‘16 tajpdpNy’ap tha;g;G nfhLf;f
tpiy? ahH nrhd;dJ nfhLf;f
tpiy vd;W? nfhLj;jhH ghujpuh[h>
,uz;L tif tha;g;Gfs;. mjp xd;W
ghLk; tha;g;G. Mdh vjpHghuhj tpj
khfj; njhz;il fl;bf;nfhz;lJ. ghY-
th ghlKbatpiy Kjd; Kjyp
,af;Fk; glj;jp jd; gha ez;gd;
,isauh[h ,iraikf;f> ,d;ndhU
ez;gdhd ghYth ghlKbatpiy
Sila ‘ghtyH rNfhjuHfs;’ ,irf;
vd;w ftiy ghujpuh[hTf;F. ,tHf
FOtp ghbf;nfhz;bUe;j kNyrpa
thRNjtidf; nfhz;L te;J buhf;
(Track) ghlitj;jdH. ‘ghlfUf;F
ghl vg;gb ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;?’ vd;W
fhl;Ltjw;fhf NtW fiyQHfis
itj;J xypg;gjpT xd;iwr; nra;J
itj;jpUg;ghHfs;. ghlfUf;F mij
xypj;Jf; fhl;LthHfs;. mJjhd; buhf;.
Vw;nfdNt jpiug;glq;fspYk; ghlj;
njhlq;fptpl;bUe;j kNyrpah thRNj-
td; buhf; ghl> eykile;J te;j
ghY Nfl;Lg;ghHj;jhH. ‘,JNt ed;
whf ,Uf;fpwJ. mtiuNa ghlitg;
Nghk;’ vd;W ghltpUe;j ghlfH> ,ir
aikg;ghsH> ,af;FeH %tUk; NrHe;J
‘nrt;te;;jpg; G+ Kbr;r rpd;df;fh’. mjd;
KbntLf;fpwhHfs;. me;jg;ghl -
gpwF ghujpuh[h jkpop ,af;fpa
fpof;Nf NghFk; uap> rpfg;G Nuh[hf;
fs;> Gjpa thHg;GfspYk; ghYth ghl
Kbatpiy.
2020 - 49 -
thH. mg;NghJ> “mllh fhfs; mo Lte;j ‘kp];lH ,e;jpah’ glg;ghl
fpa thio’ vd;W ghLk;NghJ “ehd;
XH mofhd ngz;zpd; fhfis kd
‘xuhapuk; ngsHzkp epyT Ngh...
KOg;ghliyAk; NfSq;fs;. jOTk;
ehd; xU Romantic Person” vd;ghH. mt
Jf;Fs; epidj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ghLNtd;. NghJk; tpyFk; NghJk; Fuyp Fio
itAk; gpupthw;whikAk; J}tpapUg;ghH.
me;j ehSk; te;jJ. epwk; khwhj
Uila fhj ghlfsp mij czu
G+f;fs; glj;jp XH ,U Fuypirf;
KbAk;. tpufk;> tpurkhdJk; ghYtpd; ghlf
fhjw; ghl. ghujpuh[htpd; glj;jp
‘mts; xU etur ehlfk;’ Nfl;L vd;
sp elg;gJz;L.
Kjd;Kjyhff; fhj ^al; ghbdhH
‘,jaf;fdp’ glj;jp te;j ‘,jNo
ghY.
neQ;irj; je;Njd; fhzpf;if vd;W
‘80fsp jkpo;j; jpiuAyfpd; Kd;dzp
ghl. Kw;W KOjhd 18+.
neQ;irf; fhzpf;ifahf;fpNahH vj; ,jNo’ tpufj;ijj; jhz;b tpurk; Md
jid vj;jid NgNuh ahuwpthH?
ehafHfs; vNyhUf;FNk ghbdhH
1994 ntspahd ‘,e;J’ glj;jp xU
ghY. “,tUila ghlfs; vd;wh
Ntjid’ap ‘Nt’ nfhQ;rk; ePSk;NghJ
‘thd;epyit eP NfS $Wk; vd
ehd; ebf;Fk; glq;fsp vdf;Fg; ngup
jhf xd;Wk; Ntiy ,Uf;fhJ” vd;W ghl. v];.[hdfpNahL ,ize;;J ghb
me;j Ntjidiaf; Nfl;gtH czu aJ. fLk; fz;ldj;Jf;Fk; tpkHrdj;Jf;
ebfH Nkhfd; nrhthuhk;. me;js
tpiynad;wh mtUila tho;tp
ldKk; tpkHrdKk; ‘,jNo ,jNo’ ghl
Tf;F Nkhfdpd; ngU ntw;wp ngw;w Fk; cs;shd ghl. ,e;jsT fz;
fhj tuNt tuhJ.
glq;fsp ghlfSf;Fg; gpd;dzp
‘fz; fhzh moFf;Ff; ftpjhQ;rhyp’
ghbatH ghY. (Nkhfdpd; trdq;fSf; Yf;F ,iy. vk;.[p.MH. ghl m
yth!
tpkHrdq;fisj; njhlHe;J> mg;gbahd
ghlfis ,dpg; ghLtjpiy vd;W
ghY> v];.[hdfp ,UtUNk mg;NghJ
KbntLj;jjhfr; nra;jp te;jJ.
fhj vd;wh gpupT> Njhtp ,yh
kyh? ‘kyNu vd;ndd;d Nfhyk;....’>
‘vd;db kPdhl;rp...’ Nghd;w ghlfis
jNjh?’ ghl KbAk; NghJ ‘,ijj;
tpUk;ghNjhH ahtH? ‘fhj epyh Nja;e;
fye;J tUk;. ‘vd; fz;kzp vd; ghl
jhNdh Njtd; epidj;jhd;’ mOif
Nfsb’ KbAk;NghJ mOtJ ghba
tH kl;LkyH.
‘epyNt ePapiy vd;wh....’ fhjyp
Njhtpaile;Njhupd; Njrpa fPjkhf
,Ue;jJ.
vNyhUf;Fk; eifr;Ritg; ghlf
isg; ghltuhJ. eifr;Ritg; ghl
fspYk; jd; nfhbia ehl;bdhH
ghY. vq;nfq;Fk; fz;Nldk;kh> mNl
khg;gpNs. khNk xUehs; kypag;G+
nfhLj;jhd;... Nghd;wtw;wp FuiyAk;
khw;wp nkU$l;bapUg;ghH.
njYq;Fg; glkhd ‘,e;JUL re;JUL’
tp tpyd; fk`hrDf;F njhz;
ghba ‘Nachichina food vechchana bed’
ilia tUj;jpj; jbj;j Fuyp ghY
vd;NwhH ghlYf;fhd xypg;gjpT xU
ehs;. mLj;j ehs; ‘mQ;ryp’ glj;jp
‘,uhj;jpup Neuj;jp ,uhl;rr Ntfj;
jp...’ ghl xypg;gjpT. njhz;il
njhe;juT nfhLj;jJ.
mLj;J> ‘,e;jpud; re;jpud;’ vd;W jkp
re;JUL’tp> ‘mbr;rpL nfhl;lk;’ ghl
neQ;rp vq;Fk; ce;jd; gpk;gk;...rpe;Jk; re;jk; ce;jd; nrhe;jk;! op nkhop khw;wg;gl;l ‘,e;JUL
vd;gjp ‘fz; fhzh’ vd;W ghLk;
iyg; ghLk;NghJ Fu tutpiy.
Fg; gpd;dzpf; Fu v];.vd;.RNue;jH kNdh Fu nfhLf;fNtz;bte;jJ.
NghJ me;j moiff; fhzNtz;Lk;
vd;gJ Nkyjpf jft).
vd;W Njhd;whtpl;lh czHNtJk; Fu kPs tUtJ 50:50 vd;w epiy
,iy vd;W nghUs;. ,g;gbNa ap rj;jpurpfpr;ir %yNk Fu kPsf;
,isauh[h kl;Lkyhk Vida
gyE}W ghlfisr; nrhyyhk;. fpilj;jJ.
,iraikg;ghsHfs;> Gjpa ,iraikg;
ghsHfs; vNyhUlDk; gzpahw;wpdhH.
Re;jup fz;zh xU Nrjp> moNfhtp jkpo;j; jpiuAyfp ebfHfshd je;
Gfopd; cr;rj;jp> Neukpyhk ghbf;
ak; capuhdJ> ePythd Xilap ijf;Fk; kfDf;Fk; ghlfs; ghbap
nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpYk; 1987,
Nghd;w ghlfs; Eioahj fhjYk; xU Uf;fpwhH. rpth[p fNzrd; - gpuG>
ntspahd ‘rpd;dg; G+Nt nkyg;NgR’
fhjyh? ehNf\; - Mde;j;ghG> rptFkhH -
Fg; ghbdhH. ‘rq;fPj thdp re;
glj;jpd; mwpKf ,iraikg;ghsUf;
#Hah> rptFkhH - fhHj;jp> b.uhN[e;-
fhj xU Gwk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. mjd; jH - rpk;G> jpahfuh[d; - gpurhe;j; vd;W
Njh\k; ghLk; rpq;fhug; G+q;FapNy’
mLj;j fl;lk; tpufk;. njhlf;f fhyg; gy je;ij - kfd;fSf;Fg; ghbap
vd;w me;jg; ghlYf;F ,iraikj;j
ghlypNyNa tpufj;ij ms;sp tPrpap Uf;fpwhH. Mdh xNu FLk;gj;jpd;
v];.V.uh[;FkhUf;F mg;NghJ 22 taJ
Ug;ghH ghY. %d;W jiyKiw ebfHfSf;Fg; gpd;
kl;LNk. taJ fz;L vs;shik Ntz;
Lk;. dzp ghbapUf;fpwhH ghY. Kj;Juhkd;
jhuhNah’ vd;gjp ‘jhuhNah’ vd;gij
‘vd;Dapup cd;id vOj nghd;Nkdp - fhHj;jpf; ,UtUf;Fk; epiwag; ghb
ve;j tifg;ghlyhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw; apUf;fpwhH. 2017 ntspahd ‘Kj;Juhk
mtH Vf;fj;NjhL cr;rupg;gJ tpufj; ypq;fk;’ glj;jp nfsjk; fhHj;jpf;Ff;
wp jd; Kj;jpiu gjpg;ghH ghY.
jpd; moF. Fk; ghbajd; %yk; je;ij - kfd; -
‘Nfhop $Tk; Neuj;jpNy Nfhyk; Nghl;
fhj ghlfsh? cUfp cUfp top NguDf;Fg; ghba ngUik ngWfwhH.
Lg; ghHf;fyhkh’tp ‘ghHf;fyhkh”
thH. ];G+Hj;jp vd;w xU rpWkp ghY
ghba “tpopfs; kPNdh nkhopfs; ,e;jpapYk; ghLNtd;!
vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf MirAk; FWk;
fpa thio...’ njhlq;fp ‘ehafp ghjk;
NjNdh” ghLthH. ‘mllh fhfs; mo
Gk; fye;j xU tpufk; fye;j rpupg;Ng xNu ehsp 21 fd;dlg; ghlfis
nkl;NlhL fye;J NghFk;> ,iraikg;ghsH cNge;jpu FkhH
ehafd; Ngjk;...’ tiuf;Fk; ];G+Hj;
jpia kPz;Lk; ghlr; nrhyp tupf;F
rq;fH - fNz\; ,e;jpapypUe;J nfhz;
tup rpWkpapd; rq;fjpfisg; ghuhl;L njhlu;jy; 50k; gf;fk;
- 50 -
fhw;wpd; Njrk;...
49k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
,irap ghb xypg;gjpT nra;jikNa
rhjidahf ,Uf;fpwJ. njYq;F> fd;
dlk;> kiyahsk;> jkpo; vd;W njd;
dpe;jpa nkhopfsp ghbaNjhL epd;W
tplhk tlf;fpypUe;J te;j tha;g;G
fisAk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhH.
1981, Nf. ghyr;re;jH ,af;fpa ‘Vf;
JN[ Nf ypNa’ glj;jp ghlg;Nghf>
,iraikg;ghsHfs;; yf;\;kpfhe;j; -
njd;dpe;jpar; rha (Madarasi accent)
gpahupyh ,tUila ,e;jp cr;rupg;gp
,Ue;jikah ,tiuj; jtpHf;f
tplhg;gpbahf epd;W ghlitj;jhH. ‘,e;-
Kide;jdH. ,af;FeH ghyr;re;jH
jpapYk; ghLNtd;’ vd;W gpd;dhsp
rfyfyh tytdp ghlKd;dNu ,e;jp
ap ghbtpl;lhH. ,e;jpapYk; ngUtu
Ntw;G. rkhd;fhd; - ghf;a= ebj;Jg;
ngU ntw;wp ngw;w ‘nka;Nd gpahH
fpah’tp gjpndhU ghlfs;. mtw;
wp xd;gJ ghlfsp ,tH Fu.
myJ ,tH FuYk; ,Uf;Fk;. ‘r-
khd; fhdpd; Fu’ vd;W Gfog;gLk;
msTf;F rkhd; fhd; glq;fsp
jtpHf;fKbahj> jtpHf;fg;glhj ghlf
uhf tyk; te;jhH. ,j;jid ntw;wp-
fukhf mq;F ghbatH Vd; njhlHe;J
ghlKbatpiy vd;gJ rpyUf;F
kl;LNk njupe;jpUf;Fk;. mNjNtis>
kiyahsj;jp ghbdhYk; ngupjhf
xd;Wk; rhjpf;f Kbatpiy. fhuzk;>
jhNrl;ld; vd;W Nfusj;jtHfs; md;
ghf tpspf;Fk; Nf.N[.NaRjh]; kPjhd
kiyahspfspd; mgpkhdk; vdWk; xU
fUj;J cz;L.
KbtpYk; Kbe;jplhj el;G!
vyhk; RKfkhfg; Ngha;f;nfhz;bUe;j
fg;gl;lJ xU tplak;. ‘Mj;k ez;gHfs;
Ntisap mur Guryhff; fpRfpRf;
ghYTf;Fk; ,isauh[hTf;FkpilNa
VNjh gpur;rpid. ghYit ,isauh[h
xJf;FfpwhH’ vd;gNj mJ. mjw;F
tYr; NrHf;Fk;tifap Ntiyf;fhu
dp u[pdpfhe;j; mwpKfg; ghliy
,isauh[h mwpKfg;gLj;jpr; rpy
ghlfNs ghbapUe;j kNdh ghbdhH.
NtW rpy glq;fspYk; xU ghl$l
ghYTf;F ,iy. vq;f CU ghl;Lf;
fhudp ghYTf;F xU ghl$l
,iy. kNdhTf;F 6 ghlfs;> [
ypf;fl;L (1987) vd;nwhU glk;. kNdh-
[hdfp ghba ‘fhj fpspNa fhj
fpspNa’ ghlyp ‘ehd; xz;Zk; ghl;
Lg;gbf;f b.vk;.v];. ,Ny - ml eP
$l ^al; gbf;f [hdfp ,Ny’ vd;W
tupfs; gpupTf;fijf;F tYr;NrHj;jd.
b.vk;.v];. vd;wh gp.RrPyhtpd; ngaH
te;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. [hdfp vd;wh
v];.gp.gp. vd;WjhNd te;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.
fj;jp ‘fPjhQ;ryp’ vd;w njYq;Fg;
,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jp kzpuj;dk; ,af;
glk;. jkpop> ‘,jaj;ijj; jpUlhNj’.
,ir ,isauh[h. jkpop xU ghl
$l ghYTf;F ,iy. ,isauh[h
- ghY ,ilNa gpzf;F vDk; Giff;F
jkpop kNdh ghba ‘X gpupah’
,J vz;nzia Cw;wpaJ. Mdh
cl;gl njYq;F fPjhQ;rypap te;j>
6 ghlfisAk; ghYNt ghbapUg;
ghH rk fhyg;glq;fs;. jkpopYk; ghY
jhd; ghLtjhf ,Ue;jJ. njhz;ilap
ghjpg;G. mjdhNyNa ghY ghltpiy.
,g;gbahf Cfq;fSk; tje;jpfSk;
,wf;if fl;bg; gwe;J nfhz;bUf;f>
mNj [ypf;fl;bNyNa ghY - kNdhit
itj;J ‘N`a; uh[h! xd;whNdhk;
,d;W> ,dp ehk; jhNd ,uz;ly
xd;W. ehk; elf;Fk; topapNy jil
tpyFJ’ vd;W xU ghliy itj;J
vijNah nrhyhk nrhd;dhH ,isa
uh[h.
GJg;GJ mHj;jq;fsp ‘vLj;J ehd;
tplth vd; ghl;il Njhoh’ vd;W xU
ghl. ,uz;L ez;gHfs; ghLtJ
Nghd;w fhl;rp. “$lhJ ekf;Fs;Ns
NkhXXXX...!” vd;W ghY ,Oj;Jf;
nfhz;L Nghf ,isauh[h “Nkhj”
vd;W Kbg;ghH.
VNjh gpur;rpid. vd;dntd;W ahUf;
Fk; njupahJ. ,isauh[h xU NeH
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gtH ebj;j> =Njtpia Vkhw;w Ka
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N[hbahf Kbatpiy.
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glj;jpd; njYq;Fg; gjpg;gp xU
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akhfNt Njhd;wpdhH.
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jp ghl xypg;gjpthFk; fhl;rp. ta
ypd; thrpg;NghUs; xUtuhf fk`h
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gij tpl;Ltpl;lhH.)
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nghk;ik xd;W’ vd;W ghbagbNa
Fu jSjSj;Jf; fyq;fp mOthH.
nefpo;r;rpahd fl;lk;. rpfuk;> Nfsb
fz;kzpapd; ntw;wp nfhLj;j ek;gpf;
ifap cUthd glk;. kidtp ,we;
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te;J> Nghijap epidtpd;wpf; fplf;Fk;
kfidg; ghHj;Jtpl;L kidtpapd; glj;
jpd; Kd;dh Ngha; cile;J mOthH.
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akhdtNs vd;gd mtw;Wl; rpy.
Fu ebg;G (Voice acting) ,Yk; jlk;
NtW ebfHfSf;Ff; Fu nfhLf;Fk;
gjpj;jtH ghY. Voice actor vd;gij>
jkpofj;jpiu tof;fp ‘lg;gpq; MHl;
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jkpopypUe;J njYq;Ff;F nkhop khw;
wg;gLk;NghJ fk`hrDf;fhff; Fu
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nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhH. u[pdpfhe;jpd; FNr
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njYq;fp nkhopkhw;wg;gl;lNghJ> Ben
gy x];fhH tpUJfis ntd;w ‘fhe;jp’
Kingsley ghYtpd; Fuypjhd; njYq;F
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Nghd;w njhlHfspd; ghlfs; Fwpg;gp
lj;jf;fit. gy njhlHfsp ebj;J
kpUf;fpwhH.
<oj;jhaf kz;Nz!
<oj;Jf;fhfg; gy ghlfisg; ghb
apUf;fpwhH vd;wh “mtH vd;d Rk;
dhH” vd;W vjpHtpid. “,iy> gy
khth ghbdhH? fhRf;Fj;jhNd ghb
ghlfisg; gzk; VJk; thq;fhkNy
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jtupd; jha;nkhopia ,Oj;;J tir
ghLfpwhHfs;. ,j;jifNahH ve;jf;
fhyj;jpYk; jpUe;;jg; Nghtjpiy.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; mjpfhu
G+Ht ,Wtl;Lfsp rpy ghlfisg;
ghbapUf;fpwhH. 2007, ntspte;j
‘vyhsd;’ jpiug;glj;Jf;fhf GJit
,uj;jpdJiu mtHfs; vOjpa ‘jhaf
kz;Nz...’ ghl taJ NtWghbd;wp
vyhj;jug;gpdiuAk; ftHe;j ghl.
Gyk;ngaH jkpoHfsh ntspaplg;gl;l
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ghbapUf;fpwhH. jdpg;gl;ltHfshy;
ntspaplg;gl;l ,Wtl;Lfs; gytw;
wp ghbapUf;fpwhH. fdlh - nkhd;wpah
yp tiy ghujp ntspapl;l> ‘Kw;
wj;J kypif’ ,Wtl;b cs;s ‘xw;
iwg; gidkuNk eykh’ Nfl;Nghiu
Ak; CUf;Ff; nfhz;LNgha;f; nfhz;L
2020
tUk;.
jkpofj;jp jPtpukhd <o Mjuths
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Jf;F te;J ghliyg; ghbj; je;j
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jftfisAk; nrhyp vq;fis tpag;
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jkpofj;jp <o MjuthsHfs; kPJ
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NtW ahuh ghbf;nfhLf;fKbAk;?
Mdh xd;W... <o Mjuthsuhf
,Uf;f Ntz;ba> ghlfis ,ytr
khfg; ghbf;nfhLf;fNtz;ba flg;ghL
fs; vJTNk mtUf;fpiy. mjw;fhd
NjitAkpiy vd;gijAk; kdjpw;
nfhs;Nthk;.
fdlhtp ghY!
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fNshL jkpNohir =fhe;jh mtHfspd;
ija> Air Canada Centre epiwe;j ,ir
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fdlh epWtdj;jpd; Vw;ghl;b SPB -
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jpl mt;tsT kf;fs; nts;sj;ij
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fg; ghlitj;jhH. Njbte;jJ rpwe;j
gpd;dzpg; ghlfUf;fhd Njrpa tpUJ.
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fopj;J> ‘Vf; JN[ Nf ypNa’ glj;jp
ghbaikf;fhf ,uz;lhtJ Njrpa
‘rhfu rq;fkk;’ glj;jp Vedam Anuvanu-
tpUJ. ‘ryq;if xyp’apd; %ykhd
vuna Nadam ghlYf;fhf %d;whtJ
Njrpa tpUJ. 1988, ‘Uj;utPzh’ glj;
jp ghba xU ghlYf;fhf 4tJ Njrpa
tpUJ. 1995 , xU fd;dlg; glj;
jp ,eJ];jhdpg; ghlnyhd;iwg; ghb
Ie;jhtJ Njrpa tpUijg; ngw;whu;.
jkpop ,j;jidahapuk; ghlfs; ghb
atUf;Fj; jkpop ghbaikf;Fj; Njrpa
tpUJ ,iyah? vd;w Mjq;fk;
uFkhd; ,irap ‘jq;fj;jhkiu kfNs’
epiwa ,urpfHfSf;F ,Ue;jJ. V.MH.
MwhtJ Njrpa tpUijf; nfhz;Lte;
jJ.
Me;jpu khepy murpd; ee;jp tpUJfs;
25f;FNk. fHehlf> jkpo;ehL khepy
tpUJfisAk; ngw;wpUf;fpwhH. Nkw;
nfhz;L tpUJfis vOjpdh rpy
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Nghyr; nrhypapUf;fpwhH ghY.
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Ok;> nefpOk; ghlfs; gy ,Uf;Fk;.
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jp ,isauh[h ,irap ‘ePjhd;
vd; fdT’ vd;W xU ghl ghbapUe;
jhH ghY. u[pdpfhe;jpd; ‘mz;zhj;Nj’
glj;jp b. ,khd; ,irap ghba
ghlNy ghY ghba filrpj; jpiug;-
glg;ghlyhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Xf];l; 3k; ehs; mtUf;Nf njhw;W vw;
gl;Ltpl 51ehs; kUj;Jtkidap ,Ue;
jhH. nfhNuhdh Ez;kpah Vw;gl;l
EiuaPu> ,jag; ghjpg;G mtiu vk;
kplkpUe;J ftHe;Jtpl;lJ. mtH ghba
Mapuf;fzf;fhd gf;jpg; ghlfs; %y
Kk; jpiug;glg; ghlfs; %yKk;
Vida ghlfs; %yKk; mtH Fu
top vk;NkhNl ,Ug;ghH vd;gJ kl;
LNk XH MWj.
ghLk; epyh v];.gp. ghyRg;ukzpak;
mtHfSf;F vkJ
,Wjp tzf;fk;.
gangatharan.k@thaiveedu.com
- 52 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 53 -

kiyaff; ftpij ,yf;fpar; nrnewp

,e;j fhyfl;lj;jjpd; Muk; ,e;jf; ftpijfspd; gFjp ,yq;ifg;
, gj;jp kiyaf kf;fspd;
FbAupik gwpf;fg;gl;l
jd; vjpnuhypia kiyaff; ftpij
ghlrhiy caHju jkpo;g; ghltpjh
dq;fspYk; (,g;NghJ rhjhuzjuj;jpw;
Fk;) NrHf;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;> KOik
- ky;ypag;Gre;jp jpyfu; -
1954Mk; Mz;L jyq;fk `uprd; gPup];
ntspg;ghl;b juprpf;fyhk;. rp.tp. ahd E} thrpf;f fpilj;jpuhj epiy
in Ceylon tea garden Mq;fpyftpij
vd;gtuh ntspaPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s
NtYg;gps;isapd; ,yq;ifj; Njap ap 2007Mk; Mz;L ghf;ah gjpg;g

ahf ,e;j In Ceylon tea garden vd;fpw

iyj;Njhl;lj;jpNy ftpij ntspg;ghNl fk; jdJ Kj ntspaPl;L Kaw;rp E}iy ,t;thW epiwT nra;fpwhH rp.tp.
me;jf; FbAupikg; Nghuhl;lkhf Kd; NtYg;gps;is.
ndLf;fg;gl;l rj;jpahfpuf Kd;wyp Mq;fpy gilg;igAk; mjd; jkpo;
vOjg;gl;lJ vd;gJjhd; tuyhW. Muk; tbtkhd ‘,yq;ifj; njapiyj; Njhl; And also the tom- toms throb
gj;jp mtyr;Ritah epiwe;jpUf; lj;jpNy’ vDk; rf;jP m. ghy ma;ah That for a hundred years
Fk; me;jneLq;ftpij ,Wjpap kf; tpd; jkpohf;fj;ijAk; xNu njhFg; In fettered darkness held
fSf;F ek;gpf;if jUtjhf tPupakpf;f ghf;fp jkpo; - Mq;fpyk; ,ize;j My bronze bodied men
jhf mike;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdh kiy ntspaPlhf je;Js;shHfs;. Shall sound yet again
af kf;fspd; gpu[hTupikf;fhd (Rje; From the mountain heights
jpuj;Jf;fhd) Nghuhl;l fhykhf ,j ,Nj Ntis rf;jP m. ghy ma;ah to the valleys below
idf;nfhs;sKbAk;. xU ftpQuhf vOjpa ftpijfisj; with a clearer call
njhFj;J Jiutp gjpg;gfk; ‘rf;jP m. With a surer call
Mq;fpy ,yf;fpa R+oyp Mr;rupakhd ghiyah ftpijfs;’ vd;w xU njhFg;
gilg;Gfisj; je;Jnfhz;bUe;j ftp Gk; ntspte;Js;sJ. jj;Jtk;> kiy From their Voteless gloom
From their stateless doom
jkpo; gilg;ghf 1969 Mz;L In Ceylon
QH rp.tp NtYg;gps;isapd; Kj afk;> ,iwapa> tpLjiy vd g
Of rights withered dross
Tea Garden E}ypd; jkpohf;fk; ‘,yq;if
tif ftpijfs; ,jp mlq;Fk;. ,t
Shall wake another dawn
Njapiyj;Njhl;lj;jpNy’ vd;W mikfp In that matting hour
wJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpa R+oYf;F rp.tp. Where once life decayed
NtYg;gps;isiaf; nfhz;L te;J Shall spring a fire - throb,
NrHe;j ngUikf;F cupatH ftpQH In the breathing of men
rf;jP m. ghy ma;ah.
The tears and the sweat
rp.tp. NtYg;gps;is Mq;fpy gj;jpupif That for a hundred years
ap njhluhf vOjp te;jij thrpj;J Scattered on the dust
mjid mofpa jkpop je;jtH ftpQH Gathered unto the might
rf;jP m. ghy ma;ah. rf;jPapd; ftpj;
Of a risen sun
Shall be get a million men
ghfk;: 5 To March forward and on
To where great mornings wait
Jt MSikAk; ,q;Nf ftdj;jp For the tom-tom throb
nfhs;sj;jf;fJ. mtH jdpNa xU - CVV - 1954
nkhopngaHg;ghsuhf khj;jpuk; ,Ue;jp ,e;jtupfisj; jkpohf;fk; nra;Ak; rf;jP
Ue;jh rp.tp.apd; ftpij czHTfs; ghy ma;ah gpd;tUkhW vOJfpwhH.
jkpop vOe;jpUf;f khl;lhJ. khwhf>
rf;jP ghy Iah mtHfSk; xU ftp E}w;whz;L fhykha;
QH vd;wtifap Mq;fpyj;jp thrpj;J Eioe;j ,t;tpUl;il
jhd; cs;thq;fpa czHTfis jkp NtNuhlopf;f
op Mf;fp je;Js;shH. vd; jkpo; kf;fs;

,J gw;wp $Wk; rf;jP ghy Iah mtH $WtH rpfu

fs; ‘ftpkzp rp.tp. NtYg;gps;is cr;rpap Vwpf;
mtHfspd; ftpjh cs;sj;ij czUk; $WtH jplfs;
Mw;w> xU ftpQd;> fiyQd;> rpj; ahq;fDkLf;fNt
jhe;jp vd;w vdJ cUthf;fj;jp gspr;
rpl;lij xspT kiwtpd;wp jkpohf;fk; tpLjiyf;FuyJ
nra;Njd;. ,e;jf; ftpijfs; thHj; ntw;wpf;FuyJ
ijf;F thHj;ij nkhopg;ngaHg;G tPuf;FuyJ
my’ vd Fwpf;fpd;whH. (%yk;: ,yq;if tpiue;njOk; Nfl;gPH
Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G>
rfjPAiu 2> gf; 08 - ghf;ah gjpg;gf ntspaPL
2007)
mbik epiyia
mfw;wTk; miof;Fk;
GOjpg;gLf;ifap md;Gf;FuyJ
Gije;j vd; kf;fis md;guPH Nfl;gPH
Nghw;Wk; ,uq;fw;
Gfo; nkhopapi thf;FupikNahL
tsehl;LupikNahL
gOjpyh mtHf;NfhH tsehl;LupikAk;
fyiw ,iy Cf;fKk; ntw;wp
NtYg;gps;is mtHfSk; rf;jPia uJ ‘nrhe;j ehl;bNy’ ftpij njhFjp
gupe;jtH epidTehs; mioj;J cw;rhfk; Cl;bAs;shH. me;j Rje;jpud; ntspaPlhf te;j mNj
gfUthH ,iy Xk;gpLk; fhyk; G+q;FNkae;jg;
cwT gpd;dhsp rp.tp. NtYg;gps;is Neuk;> me;j ftpijfs; fhuzkhf rf;jP Gz;zpa ehs;jdp
mq;fk; tfpj;j njhopw;rq;fkhd njhop jiykiwT tho;f;if tho NeHe;Js; Mf;fk; Gupe;jtH
CidAk; cliyAk; yhsH Njrpa rq;f ,johd ‘khtyp’ sikAk; Rl;bf;fhl;lj;jf;fJ. Rje;jpud;
Cl;b ,k; kz;iz mikjp ,oe;jtH
,jopd; Mrpupauhf rf;jP m. ghy gj;jpupifapYk; gzpGupe;j rf;jP m.
CapHj;j tHf;(F) ,q;Nf ma;ahit epakpf;Fk; msTf;F neUf; ghy ma;ah> jkpouR fl;rpAld; neUq;
Csq;frpe; jd;Gk; %r;rpNy Rje;jpuj; jpU
fkhfp cs;sJ. tPuNfrupap ,e;j ftp fpa njhlHGfisg; Ngzp te;Js;shH. fye;jpLNk
ijfis thrpj;j ,yf;fpa MHtyH %r;rpNy tpLjiyr;
G+Zthupiy - mtH ‘nra;jp’ gj;jpupifapd; MrpupaH uh.K. ,e;jfhy gilg;Gfsp ,e;jpa tk;rh
GijNkl;bNyhH - fhdfg; Rfk; kyHe;jpLNk
ehfypq;fk; (,tH NguhrpupaH Nrh. tsp kf;fshfpa jhq;fs; ‘kiyehl;L’
G+itg;gwpj;Jg; re;jpuNrfudpd; khkdhH) fz;biaj; kf;fs; vd tpspj;jfhykhf mikfpwJ.
NghLthupiyNa... Ngr;rpNy tPuKk;
jskhff; nfhz;L ,aq;fpa ‘nra;jp’ jkf;F ehL Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhd Fwp cWjpAk; khl;rpAk;
gjpg;gfj;jpd; Clhf 1969Mk; Mz;L aPL mJ vdyhk;. ,yq;ifj; Njap gpwe;jpLk; ntw;wpg;
NkYs;s ftpij XH cjhuzk; kl; ‘,yq;if Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy’ iyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy neLq;ftpijapd;
LNk. rf;jP m. ghy ma;ah tPuNfrup ngUtho;thNk
vDk; jdpj; jkpo;f; ftpijj; njhFg; ,Wjp tupfs; ,t;thW mike;J - nra;jpg; gjpg;gfk; - fz;b - 1969
ap cjtp Mrpupauhf gzpahw;wpa ghf njhFg;ghf ntspapl;Ls;shH. mjid cWjp nra;fpd;wd.
NghJ gFjp gFjpahf ntspapl;Ls;
njhlu;jy; 54k; gf;fk;
shH. mjid thrpj;j ftpQH rp.tp.
- 54 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020

yl;rkha; kf;fs; vOe;jpLtH And sing my song

kiyaff; ftpij... me;j mjpfhiy
I sing of Lanka’s men
Born of
mtHfSf;fha;f; fhj;jpUf;Fk;!!

the paddy field

mq;Nf jg;nghyp thd;gpsf;Fk;!
53k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
the Patnas
jkpohf;fk;: kypag;Gre;jp jpyfH - jha;tPL
me;j tpupe;j nghOjp>
The tea
2020 xf;NlhgH ,jo;
mope;j tho;Tjhd;
And rubber land;
rp.tp. NtYg;gps;is Mq;fpyj;jp vOjp vupAk; ntapyha; mbf;Fk;! ,t;thW mikag;ngwyhk;. ,d;Dk;
Yes, the men I love
As;s tPupak;> rf;jPapd; jkpohf;fj;jp vd; kf;fspd; $l ,jid nrk;ikahf;fyhk;.
- CVV
,iy vd;nwhU thjk; fle;j gy
jrhg;jq;fshfNt Kd;itf;fg;gl;L tU
vJ vt;thW vdpDk; ,yq;ifap ,jid ,g;gbahfTk; jkpohf;fk; nra;
fpwJ. mjp cz;ik ,yhkYk;
FbAupikg; gwpf;fg;gl;ljw;F vjpuhf ayhk;.
,iy. mNjNeuk; 1960fsp ftpij
ele;j Nghuhl;l Kd;wyp rj;jpahf;
cyfp NfhNyhr;rpa kugpd; nkhop
fpuf Nghuhl;lj;jp mkue;jthNw rp.tp. fhyk; KOJk;
eilap rf;jP jhd; czHe;jij vOjp
NtYg;gps;is vOjpa tupfs; rj;jpa tPjpap vdJ
As;shH vd;gjid ,q;F czu
khfpd. ahopd; ,irj;Nj ghLNtd;
Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F rf;jPapd; jkpo; tup
fis thrpj;Jtpl;L rp.tp apd; tupfsp
kiyafk; jtpHj;J xl;Lnkhj;j ,yq;- ,yq;ifapd;
tPupak; ,iy vd;NghUk; csH. mtH
ifapd; ciog;ghsH kf;fisAk; rp.tp. tantspfspYk;
fs; Mq;fpy %ytupfis thrpj;J
NtYg;gps;is Nerpj;Js;shH vd;gjw;F G ntspfspYk;
mjid tpkHrdj;Jf;F cl;gLj;JtNj
,e;j ftptupfs; rhl;rpahfpwJ. ,ug;gH> Njapiyf;
rpwg;ghdjhf mikAk;.
fhLfspYk;
ehopf;F ehop
xU khw;W Kaw;rpahf gpd;tUkhW
tPjpap epd;W - vd; ciof;Fk;
me;jtupfisj; jkpohf;fk; nra;jh>
ahopid vLj;J vd; kf;fSf;fha; ghLNtd;!
fPj;j;ij ,irg;Ngd; Mk;! ehd; Nerpf;Fk;
cr;rpkiy rpfuj;jp epd;W
Xq;fp mbf;Fk; - vd; vd; kf;fisNa ghLNtd;!!
<oj;jpd; khDlHf;fha; - jkpohf;fk;: kypag;Gre;jp jpyfH
ntz;fy Njhs;nfhz;l
taG ntspfspYk;
NjhoHfspd; jg;nghyp
Njapiy ,wg;gH Njhl;lq;fspYk; kiyafj;jpd; klnfhk;giu kz; ngw;w
mtHfisr; R+o;e;j -me;j
gpwe;jpl;l khDlHf;fha; khDlj;jpd; ftpQdhf kpspHe;J epd;w
E}w;whz;L ,Uis ePf;Fk;!
Mk; ehd; fhjypf;Fk; jhNyh NguhrpupaH f. ifyhrgjp jiy
cr;rpKj gs;sk;tiu %r;Rf;fhw;wha;j; Jbf;Fk;! mtHfSf;fha; ikap nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r;rq;fk; mtiu
me;jj; jg;nghyp
- jkpohf;fk;: rf;jP ghy ma;ah ‘kf;fs; ftpkzp’ vd;Nw gl;lk; toq;fp
njspthd Fuyha; xypf;Fk;! E}w;whz;L fhy
epr;rakha; mJ n[apf;Fk;! tho;j;jpAs;sJ.
NtHitAk; fz;zPUk; ,jid rp.tp apd; Mq;fpy %yk; ,t;
vspikaha; rpjwpf; fple;jnjyhk; thW mikfpwJ. (njhlUk;...)
thf;Fupik ,oe;J thba KfKk; vONk typik
From time to time
ehl;Lupik ,oe;j ghupa mopTk; epiwe;jJtha;!
From the highway
vyhk; Jspaha; kiwe;J
I shall strike thilagar@thaiveedu.com
voe;J epw;FNk cjaR+upad;fsha;
Upon my harp
,d;ndhU tpbaYf;fha;! Xuzpap xd;wha; Kd;Ndhf;fp
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 55 -

l;Lg;Gwf; fiyfs; ntt;
eh NtW ,dkf;fsh> ntt;
NtW fhyq;fsp> ntt;
NtW NjitfSf;fhf> ntt;NtW ,lq;
fsp cUthf;fg;gl;ld. mr;r%fq;
fspd; tho;f;ifNahL ,f;fiyfs; gpd;
dpg; gpize;J fhzg;gLk;. ,f;fiy
fs; mk;kf;fspd; tho;tp FwpaPlhf
Tk;> rlq;fhfTk; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;
bUf;fpd;wd.
,e;jpahtpd; jkpo; ehl;b rpWnja;t
topghLfsp $j;Jfs; rpwg;ghd
,lj;ijg; gpbj;Js;sd. mf;$j;Jfsp
fhzg;gLk; rlq;F KiwfSk; ghH
itahsHfspd; rkak; rhHe;j ek;gpf;
iffSk; rpy Nfs;tpfis vOg;gpdh
Yk;> mit mk;kf;fspd; Kiwfis
newpg;gLj;JgitahfTk; mtHfspd;
Jd;g Jauq;fs;> Neha; nehbfs;> ft
iyfs; vd;gtw;iw ePf;Fk; epthuzp
ahfTk; mk;kf;fsh ek;gg;gLfpd;wd.
mUr;Rd; jgR
tdthr Muk;gj;jp ‘NfhgNk rj;jpup
aDila Fzk;> mtDf;Fg; nghWik
,Uj;j $lhJ> rj;jpupadha;g; gpwe;j
ePH NtW Fyj;jtupd; jUkj;ij Nkw;
nfhs;s KaYfpwPH. mJ ckf;F vt;
tpj gaidAk; juhJ vdNt tQ;rfH
fshfpa jpUjuh\;bu Gj;jpuHfis ,g;
NghNj Nghupl;L mopf;f Ntz;Lk;’
vd jUkGj;jpudplk;> jpnusgjpAk; gPk-
NrdDk; thjpLthH.
‘cyfwpe;j tptPud; mUr;Rdd; mQ;
Qhj thrk; nra;tJ KiwahfhJ>
gjp ‘Fe;jpNjtp tpUk;gpa vyhk; ckf;
Rdd; jtk; nra;ag; Gwg;gl;lhd;. jpnus-
Ff; fpilf;fl;Lk;’ vd tho;j;jpdhs;.
- Qhdk; nyk;gl;; -
‘m];jpuq;fsh cdf;F fpilg;gJ
jUkH> ‘tljpir nrd;W> cs;kdijf;
vd;d? eP tpUk;gpa cyifAk;> rpwe;j
fl;Lg;gLj;jp> jtk; nra;J> Ntz;ba
Nghfq;fisAk; Nfs;’ vd;whH ,e;jpud;.
mUisg; ngWthahf’ vd mUr;R
‘Njtuh[Nd> vdf;Fg; Nghfq;fs; vJ
mjw;F mUr;Rdd; mtiu tzq;fp
did tho;j;jp mDg;gp itj;jhH.
Tk; Ntz;lhk;> ehd; Ntz;LtJ m];
jtk; nra;ag; Gwg;gl;l mUr;Rdd;
jpuq;fs; kl;LNk’ vd;whd;.
mlHe;j gy fhLfSf;$lhfr; nrd;W>
‘Kf;fz;zdhfpa rptngUkhid Ntz;b>
,e;jpufPykiyia mile;jhd;. mg;
NghJ KdptH xUtH mtdplk; te;J

rpWnja;t topghl;Lld; njhlHGila

$j;Jfsp ngUk;ghd;ikahdit m
yJ KOtJNk rlq;FfSld; njhlHG
iladthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rlq;F
fs; ,lk;> fhyk;> Nehf;fk; vd;gtw;Wf;
Nfw;g khWgl;lhYk;> vyhr; rlq;F

kiyaff; $j;Jfs;: 2
fSk; xUtpjg; nghJj;jd;ikiaf;
nfhz;Ls;sikiaf; fhzf;$bajhAs;
sJ.

rlq;Ffs; rpy Ntiyfsp vkJ gFj;

lhYk;> mit ‘epfo;j;Jj’ nraw;ghl;

jwpTf;F mg;ghw;gl;ljha;f; fhzg;gl;

bd; fhuzkha;> me;epfo;j;Jjyp murp

a ,izAk;NghJ mit fiyg;g
ilg;ghf khw;wq;nfhs;fpd;wd.

‘rlq;Fr; nraw;ghL; mij elj;JgtH>

mjp gq;F nfhs;NthH> mjd; ghH
itahsHfs; vd;Nghupd; $l;Lr; nra
yhFk;. vdNt rlq;fhdJ mr;r%fg;

nkf;]; FSf;nkd; (Max Gluckman)

gz;ghLfspd; ntspg;glhFk;’ vd;W

jkJ Ritual of Social Relations vd;w

fl;Liuap $WfpwhH.

,j;jd;ikfis kiyaff; $j;Jfshd

fhkd; $j;J> mUr;Rdd; jgR> nghd;
dH rq;fH Mfpaitfspd; fhzf;$ba
jhAs;sJ.

,t;tifap mUr;Rdd; jgrpd; %yf;

fijAk;> muq;Nfw;Wf; fijAk; tU
khW:

mUr;Rdd; jgR ghujj; fijapd; xU

fpisf; fijahFk;. ghujf; fij tpah
rH vdg;gLk; j;tPghadhH vd;gtuh
,aw;wg;gl;lJ. ,f;fij ePz;l neLq;
fhykhf tha;nkhopiaNa Clfkha;f;
nfhz;bUe;jJ. ePz;l fhykha; tha;

‘tp> mk;G> ftrk; Mfpatw;Wld;

nkhopahf ,Ue;jikah gy GytH
fs;> fij nrhypfs; vd;Nghuh gy
,ilr; nrUffl;F cl;gl;lJ. mUr;
Rdd; jgR fijiar; nrhgitf
sp ghujUk; tpyp ghujUk; Kf;fpa
khditahFk;. ghujj;jpd; Muzpa
fhz;lf; fijia mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;Nl mUr;Rdd; jgR cUthf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
tQ;rf rFdpapd; rjpapdh #jhl;lj;
jp Njhtpaile;j ghz;ltHfs; gd;
dpnuz;L tUlq;fs; tdthrk; nra;J>
xU tUlk; cwtpdH vtuhYk; mwpag;
glhjthW tdthrk; nra;tnjd;w epge;
jidia epiwNtw;w tdthr jPl;ir
ngw;W tdthrk; njhlq;fpdH.
tQ;rfj;jh vk;ikf; fhl;Lf;fDg;gpa
JNuhfpfis tjk; nra;tJ ghtkhfhJ>
mJ jUkNk’ vdg; gPkd; thjpLthH.
‘JNuhzH> gP\;kH> fHzd;> G+uprputR
vd;NghH JupNahjdDld; NrHe;J Nghupl
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gnanam.lambert@thaiveedu.com
ghk;G> Ntldhfr; Ra cUntLj;J jho;
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
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(tsUk;...)
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 57 -

-digi Media Creations-

Suren Nathan AMP

Mortgage Broker
Brokerage Lic# 10216 License# M08004479

Dir. 416-436-1111
Office. 416-548-7475 Fax: 416-548-7496
suren@bonafidemortgage.ca,
7 Eastvale Drive,Unit 203, Markham, ON, L3S 4N8
- 58 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
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fpwJ.
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thupRf;Nfh mq;nfyhk; te;J Nghf
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gpNwrd; ,yhk VjhtJ nra;a Kb
Akh? tWikg;gl;l FLk;gk; vd;nw
yhk; nrypg; ghHf;fpwhd;’ nlhf;uH
jdJ KbitNa typAWj;JfpwhH. kPz;
mq;Fk; gzk; gw;wpNa NgRfpwhd;. ‘Kjp
Lk; gioa M];gj;jpupf;fhd gazk;.
NahH fhg;gPl;L jpl;lj;jp ,ytrkhf
itj;jpak; nra;ayhk;. mjw;F mtuJ
Ntiy> tUkhdk;> tPL gw;wpa cWjpg;
gj;jpuq;fs; Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhH lhf;lH.
ifNahL te;jhd;. ‘tPl;b itj;J
Nghdtd; Ie;J ehspd;gpd; ntWk;
ehl;L itj;jpak; nra;J vYk;ig xl;l
itf;fyhk;’ vd;fpwhd;. Nehahsp ,g;
NghJ nre;jp tPl;Lf;F vOj;Jr; nr
yg;gLfpwhH. mtUk; kidtpAk; tho;e;j
tPL ,g;NghJ nre;jp tPL. tPl;Lld;
,ize;jpUe;j FbYf;Fs; ,Ue;j fl;
byp fplj;jg;gLfpwhH. nre;jp kid
tpf;F jdJ tPl;Lr; RikAld; khkdh
2020
upd; Nkyjpfr; Rikia ntWf;fpd;whs;.
jhd fhyj;jp Vd; Ntiy NghwPq;f.
NghJ> ‘tpl;b G+r;rpjhd;uh tpsf;fpy
Xa;thf ,Uf;fyhNk’ vd tPuh> Nfl;l
tpOk;> ehndyhk; kpd;dpg; G+r;rp’ vd
tPuhg;gha; NgrpatH> ,g;NghJ tpl;b
G+r;rpahfp tpOe;J fplf;fpwhH. jq;if
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rhT J}f;fj;jpNyNa ,we;jpw;whH’ vd;w
milnkhop NtW. kfd;fSld; nrd;W
‘INah! New;W te;J ghj;jNd! eyhj;
mz;zd; cliyg;ghHj;j jq;if
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gyH kpf ,aghfNt $Wfpd;wdH.
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,Uf;fpd;wJ. xd;Wk; Ngrkhl;lhHfs;.
vd;W fija Kbr;RLthq;f. jiytpjp
vd;W nrj;Jj; njhiya Ntz;baJ
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fpwhH. mJ cz;ikjhd; vd;gij
tPuhtpd; mDgtk; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
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mtuJ kfd; nre;jpjhd; fhuzk; vd;W
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fj;jpw;Fk; gj;jpupiffSf;Fk; tPuh
Kiwg;ghL nra;fpwhH. gyd; ,iy.
Mdh nrd;idapYs;s xU gj;jpupij
mij ntspapLtjw;F Kd;te;jJ. ,J
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fhd kUe;J tpw;Fk; filap Neub
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rpghHRf; fbjk; Ntz;Lk;. fbjk;
- 59 -
- K. G\;guh[d; -
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wpNa gugug;ghfpd;wJ. up.tp. nra;jpiag;
kidtp ‘Cupy ,yhjijah ehk
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- 60 -
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Floor Decoration for Arangetram
Wedding
and other Cultural Functions.
Bhamini:
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epyapy ,Uf;fpwk; vd;W Cupd; nghyp];
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fis tpw;f kWf;fpwhHfs;. tPl;Lr;
rpWkp njUtp tpisahl Kbatpiy.
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jpNyNa R+rfkhf czHj;jg;gLfpwJ.
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
tpd; kPs;epidtpjhd; glk; efHfpwJ.
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Grhkpapd; nfhiyf;Fg; gpd;dH mtuJ
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Nfs;tp nfhiyf;Fg; gad;gl;l tp\
CrpiaAk; Nghj;jiyAk; nfhiyah
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vtw;iwAk; tPuh fhzf;$bajhd ve;jr;
rk;gtKk; glj;jp mike;jpUf;ftp
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tuhd uh[d;jhd; nghyprhuplk; tpgupf;
fpwhd;. tPuh mwpe;Jnfhs;s ve;jr;
re;jHg;gKk; ,iyNa! jiyf;$j;j
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kf;fs; kfpo;nkhopia ntWj;J Gwf;
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aNj. Mdh kfpo;nkhopapd; CuhH
mtHfisg; Gwf;fzpj;j vd;gJ
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filapjhNd muprpAk; enyz;nza;
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Gwf;fzpf;f Ntz;Lk;?
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fhe;jp tpUJ(2018) rHtNjr jpiug;gl
tpoh tpUJ (2019) rpwe;j jkpo; jpiug;
gl tpUJ cl;gl VO tpohf;fsp
tpUJ ngw;wit vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;
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pushparajan.m@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 61 -
- 62 -
Jtiu Nkil ehlfq;f
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nfdj; jahupj;jikgw;wp
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fs; glg;gpbg;GKiw (shooting)> njhFg;G
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NkiyehLfsp njhiyf;fhl;rpf;fhfNt
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kpilNa kpFe;j NtWghLs;sJ.
ngupa jpiufsp fhl;lf;$ba gpu
khz;lj;ij rpd;dj;jpiuap fhl;lKb
ahJ. vdNt> njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;
fSf;F gpukhz;lkhd muq;f mikg;G
,yq;ifapd; Kj njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfk;
Njitg;gLk; fijfs; Ntz;bajpiy.
jpiug;glq;fisj; jpiuauq;FfSf;Fr;
nrd;W ghHf;fNtz;Lnkd;gjh ghHit
ahsHfSf;Fj; njupTnra;Ak; tha;g;
gpUf;fpwJ. tpUk;gpdh Ngha;g; ghHf;
fyhk; myJ Nghfhk tplyhk;.
mijtpl> jpiug;glq;fSf;Fj; jzpf;if
kw;Wk; ve;j tajpdH ghHf;fyhnkd;W
tifg;gLj;Jk; Kiw Kjypad ,Uf;
fpd;wd. ,it fhuzkhfj; njupT
nra;ag;gLk; fijfs;> ,lk;ngWk;
fhl;rpfs; Mfpatw;wp njhiyf;fhl;rp
ehlfq;fSf;Fk; jpiug;glq;fSf;F
kpilNa ngupa NtWghL ,Uf;fpwJ.
,ij NkYk; tpsf;Ftjhdh njhiyf;
fhl;rp ehlfq;fSf;Fg; gpukhz;lk;
fs; (long shots) itf;fNtz;bajpiy.
mtrpakpiynad;gjh> J}uf;fhl;rp
mg;gbj; J}uf;fhl;rpfis vLj;jh
midj;Jk; njhiyf;fhl;rpj; jpiuap
rpwpajhfNt njupAk;. ,g;NghJ tPLfsp
Yk; ngupa jpiuiaf;nfhz;l njhiyf;
fhl;rpr; rhjdq;fs; te;Jtpl;ljh ,e;j
tpjp ,g;NghJ mtrpakpyhtpl;lhYk;
njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fisg; gpukhz;
lkhfj; jahupj;jh mjw;fhFk; nry
itj; njhiyf;fhl;rp epiyaq;fsNyh
jdpahH jahupg;G epWtdq;fshNyh
jhq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahJ. njhiyf;
fhl;rpapd; tpahghu Kiwf;Fk; jpiug;
gl tpahghu Kiwf;Fk; kpFe;j NtW
ghLz;L. cjhuzj;jpw;F ghFgyp
Nghd;wnjhU jpiug;glj;ijj; njhiyf;
fhl;rpap fhl;Ltjw;fhf kl;Lk;
jahupf;f KbahJ.
njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfj;jp ngUk;ghYk;
mz;ikf;fhl;rpfNs ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.
kPbak; Nyhq; n\hl; (MLS)> kPbak;
n\hl; (MS)> f;Nsh]g; (CU)> gpf;
f;Nsh]g; myJ iuw; f;Nsh]g;
(BCU/TCU) ,e;j tifahd fhl;rpfNs
ngUk;ghYk; njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;
fsp ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd;fhuz
khfj; njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fSf;
fhd gpujpfisj; NjHe;njLf;Fk;NghJ
mit Fiwthd ebfHfisf;nfhz;l
itahfTk; rz;il> Juj;Jj Nghd;w
nraw;ghLfs; (actions) mw;w> czHT
fSf;F (emotions) Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLf;Fk; fhl;rpfisf;nfhz;l fij
fNs NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
NkYk; njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfis
tPl;bYs;s midtUk; ghHg;gjh
njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fs; Mghrf;
fhl;rpfisNah td;Kiwf; fhl;rp
fisNah nfhz;bUf;ff;$lhJ. ,t;
thW gy fhuzq;fsh njhiyf;
fhl;rp ehlfq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; FLk;
gf;fijfshfNt mikfpd;wd.
&gth`pdpap jpiug;glq;fs; vdJ
fhyj;jp jzpf;ifnra;Nj xspgug;
gg;gl;ld. ehd; jpiug;glq;fis xsp
gug;Gf;nfdj; jzpf;ifnra;Ak; Nehf;
fp ghHj;jNghJ gy jkpo;j; jpiug;
glq;fs; kpf Mghrkhf myJ rpW
gps;isfSldpUe;J ghHg;gjw;Fr; rq;
flkhf ,Uf;Fk; tifap glkhf;fg;
gl;bUg;gij mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.
Fwpg;ghfg; ghlf;fhl;rpfisr; nrh
yyhk;. ghlq;fsp mj;jifa fhl;rp
NtW J}uf; fhl;rpfis (long shot)
fs; tUk;NghJ mg;ghlfsp tUk;
me;j ,lq;fsp gjpj;Nj (insert)
xspgug;Gf;fhd gpujpiaj; jahupj;
Njhk;. fhl;rpia kl;LNk nrUFtjh
ghlfspNyh trdq;fspNyh jil
Vw;glhJ. ,t;thwhfg; gy tplaq;
fisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;Nl xU njhiyf;
fhl;rp ehlfj;jpw;fhd gpujp vOjg;gL
fpwJ myJ njupTnra;ag;gLfpwJ.
xU fijiaj; jpiuf;fijahf vOJt
njd;gJ kpFe;j rth epiwe;j mNj
Ntis kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpjuf;$ba xU
nra. xU fijia thndhyp ehlf
khf;FtJ xyp %yk; fijnrhYk;
fiy. fhl;rpf; fiyfshd njhiyf;
fhl;rp ehlfk; kw;Wk; jpiug;glq;fsh
fpad fhl;rpAk; xypAk; NrHj;Jf; fij
nrhYk; fiy. ,uz;LNk rthfs;
epiwe;jit. thndhypap mJtiu
fhyKk; ntw;wpfukhf ehlfq;fisj;
jahupj;j vdf;Fj; njhiyf;fhl;rp Gjpa
Jiw. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; &gth`pdp
Muk;gpg;gjw;Fr; rpy khjq;fSf;F
Kd;dHjhd; ehd; Njrpa jpiug;glf;
$l;Lj;jhgdk; elj;jpa jpiuf;fijg;
gpujp vOJk; Nghl;bap Kjw;gupR
ngw;wpUe;jjh vdf;Fj; jpiuf;fij
vOjKbAnkd;w ek;gpf;if Vw;gl;b
Ue;jJ. mJ vd;Ds; mlf;fpitj;jpUe;j
jpiug;gl ,af;FduhFk; Mtiyj;
J}z;baJ. ehd; Vw;fdNt $wpaJ
Ngh vdJ ,stajp ehlff;
fiyap <LghL fhl;baik rpdpkhf;
fiyf;F khw;wPlhfj;jhd;. ,yq;if
ap jkpo; rpdpkhj;Jiw vd;w xd;W
MNuhf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;ftpiy.
rpdpkhkPJ jPtpu Nkhfk; nfhz;ltHfs;
vg;gbNah f\;lg;gl;L mt;tg;NghJ
rpy jpiug;glq;fisj; jahupj;Jg;
ngUkstp el;lkile;Jnfhz;bUe;
jhHfs;. vdf;F rpdpkh ,af;Fk; Mt
,Ue;jNghjpYk; ehd; fdTfhz;g
tdy vd;w fhuzj;jh kpfTk;
ajhHj;jkhfNt vg;NghJk; rpe;jpg;Ngd;.
,yq;ifap mt;thW ngUk; gzr;
nryT nra;J jpiug;glk; jahupj;jh
kpFe;j el;lkilaNtz;bapUf;Fk;
vd;gJ vdf;Fj; njupAk;. ,yq;ifap
jpiug;glf;fiyap <LgLk; Miriag;
G+Hj;jpnra;tjhdh mf;fiyap jpwik
,Ug;gijtpl vt;thW gzk; jpul;LtJ
vd;w jpwikNa mjpfk; Njitg;gLk;.
mJ vd;dplk; ,yhj jpwik. vdNt>
ehd; jPtpuj; jpiug;gl ,urpfdhf
,Ue;NjNdad;wpj; jpiuj;Jiwap Neub
ahf <LgLtjp jPtpuk; fhl;ltpiy.
me;j epiyapjhd; ,yq;ifap
njhiyf;fhl;rp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
njhiyf;fhl;rpf;fhd jahupg;ghsH
jha; tPL
fisj; njupTnra;a ,yq;if te;jpUe;j
mT];jpNuypa tpw;gd;dH mnyf;];
gw;w]Dld; rpdpkh gw;wp tpupthfg;
Ngrpajhjhd; ehd; njhiyf;fhl;rp
ap gzpahw;Wtjw;Fj; njupTnra;ag;
gl;Nld;. ,g;NghJ vdJ jpiuap
fijnrhYk; Mt epiwNtWk;
jUzk; te;Jtpl;lJ.
fw;gidfs;
fiyatpiy:
ehd; kNy\pahtp jahupg;Gg; gapw;rp
Kbe;J 1981Mk; Mz;L etk;gup
ehL jpUk;gpaTlNdNa> ehd; thndh
ypf;nfdj; jahupj;j ehlfg; gpujp
nahd;iw mYtyff; Nfhg;gpypUe;J
vLj;Njd;. mJ nlhf;lH. n[aNkhfd;
vOjpa fw;gidfs; fiyatpiy
nad;w ehlfk;. ehd;F ghj;jpuq;fs;
kl;LNknfhz;l FLk;gf;fij. gNtW
czHr;rp ntspg;ghLfs; epiwe;j fij.
gpujhdkhf xU tPl;ilAk; flw;fiu
kw;Wk; Nfhl;ilg; Gifapuj epiyak;
vd;W %d;Nw%d;W fsq;fspNyNa
,lk;ngWk; fij. ehd; Kjyp $wpa
njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfnkhd;Wf;F ,Uf;f
Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs; midj;Jk;
epiwe;jpUe;jJ me;jg; gpujpap mij
cldbahfNt jpiuf;fijahf vOjp
Ndd;. mJkl;Lkyhk vg;gbg;
\{l;bq; ];fpwpg;l; (shooting script) vd;w
glkhf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w Fwpg;GfSld;
jpiug;glk;gpbf;Fk; gpujp Kjw;nfhz;L
ehlfj;ij vOjp Kbj;Njd;. mij
‘kpf ed;whf ,Uf;fpw’ njd;W ghuhl;
N[hH[; re;jpuNrfudplk; fhl;baNghJ
bdhH. &gth`pdp cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf
Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dNuNa ehlfg;gpujp>
glg;gpbg;Gg; gpujp Kjypatw;NwhL
E}WkPw;wH Xl;lg; ge;jaj;ij Muk;gpg;
gjw;fhd Muk;gf; Nfhl;b njhlf;fp
itg;gtupd; Jtf;Fr; #l;Lr; rj;jj;ij
vjpHghHj;J epw;Fk; Xl;lg;ge;ja tPudpd;
Jbg;NghL jahuhfpapUe;Njd;. &gth-
`pdp cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf Muk;gpg;
gjw;F Kd;dNuNa epfo;r;rpfisj;
jahupf;fj;njhlq;fpa ehd;> njhiyf;
fhl;rp ehlfg;gpujpnahd;iwj; jahuhff;
iftrk; itj;jpUe;jNghjpYk; &gth-
`pdpap epfo;r;rpj; jahupg;NghL
rk;ge;jg;gl;l midj;Jg; gpupTfSk;
rupahf ,aq;fj; njhlq;Fk;tiu
fhj;jpUe;Njd;. njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfk;
jahupg;gjw;F ntspg;Gwg; glg;gpbg;Gg;
gpupT cUthfNtz;Lk;. nra;jpfisg;
glk;gpbg;gjw;Fg; glg;gpbg;ghsHfSk;
fkuhTk; ,Ue;jhg;NghJk;. jahupg;
ghsH nrd;W nra;jpfisg; glk;
gpbj;J tuyhk;.
&gth`pdpapd; Muk;gfhyj;jp nra;jp
fkuhf;fis ENG vd;W nrhthHfs;.
fisg; glk;gpbf;f vLj;Jr;nrYk;
vnyf;l;Nuhdpf; epA+]; fjwpq; Electronic
News Gathering vd;gjd; RUf;fNk
ENG. ntspNa vLj;Jr;nrd;W ehlfk;
fkuhf;fs; EFP fkuhf;fs; vd;W
Nghd;w epfo;r;rpfisg; glk;gpbf;Fk;
miof;fg;gLk;. Electronic Field Produc-
tion vd;gjd; RUf;fNk EFP. EFP
fkuhf;fs; ENG fkuhf;fistplj; juj;
`pdpapd; Muk;gj;jp ,uz;L EFP
jpYk; tpiyapYk; $bait. &gth-
fkuhf;fs; ,Ue;jd. ENG fkuhitf;
nfhz;L nra;jpfisg; glk;gpbf;fr;
nrYk;NghJ xU xypthq;fpiaf;
nfhz;Lnrd;wh mij Neubahff;
fkuhtp nghUj;jp nra;jpfisg;
glkhf;Fk;NghNj jahupg;ghsH Ntz;ba
thW fkuhtp Njhd;wpg; Ngrptpl;Nlh>
myJ nra;jp rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfisg;
Ngl;bfz;Nlh> ghHj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
45
nghJkf;fsplk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fisg;
ngw;Nwh midj;ijAk; gjpTnra;J
tpl;Lg; gpd;dH fiyafj;jpw;Fte;J
Njitf;Nfw;wthW mtw;iwj; njhFj;J
nra;jpap xspgug;Gtjw;fhff; nfhLf;
fyhk;.
Mdh njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fisg;
glk;gpbg;gjw;Fg; glg;gpbg;ghsHfs;>
xypg;gjpthsHfs;> cgfuzq;fis
vLj;Jr;nrgtHfs;> vLj;Jr; nryf;
gypf;Fk; gyiffis (reflector boards)
$ba xsptpsf;Ffs;> xspiag; gpujp
ntspg;Gwg; glg;gpbg;G Neuj;jp
ifahs;gtHfs;> muq;f mikg;ghsH>
mtuJ cjtpahsHfs;> xg;gidf;
fiyQHfs;> kpd;dpizg;ghsHfs; vd;W
xU ngupa jahupg;Gf; FO Ntz;Lk;.
vdNt> mj;jifa ntspg;Gwg;glg;
gpbg;Gf; FO cUthFk;tiu fiyafj;
jahupg;Gfisr; nra;Jnfhz;bUe;Njd;.
1982Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk;. &gth`pdp
Muk;gkhfp %d;W khj fhyj;jp
ntspg;Gwg;glg;gpbg;Gf; FO jahuhfp
tpl;lJ. ehd; rfyiuAk; Ke;jpf;nfhz;L
njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfk; jahupf;Fk;
gpNuuizf;Nfhg;igj; (proposal file)
Kaw;rpap ,wq;fptpl;Nld;. mjw;fhd
jahHnra;J jpUkjp. Qhdk; ,uj;jpdk;
mtHfsplk; nfhLf;f> mtH ehlfg;
gpujpia mDkjpj;Jj; jahupg;igg;
gupe;Jiuj;J mDg;g rfy kl;lq;
fspYk; me;jj; jahupg;G mDkjpf;fg;
gl;Ltpl;lJ. Mdh njhiyf;fhl;rp
ehlfk;gw;wp gyH mt;tsthf mg;
NghJ mwpe;jpUf;ftpiy.
fw;gidfs; fiyatpiy vd;w me;j
ehlfj;jpd; ngUk;gFjp xU tPl;bNyNa
eilngWfpwJ. gpujhd ghj;jpukhd
kidtp NehAw;Wg; gLf;ifapypUg;
gjh xU gLf;ifaiwapNyNa
Kf;fpa fhl;rpfs; glkhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
vdNt> fkuh> xsptpsf;Ffs; kw;Wk;
Mff;Fiwe;jJ Ie;jhW njhop
El;gtpayhsHfs;> jahupg;ghsH v
NyhUk; NrHe;Jepd;W gzpGupaf;$ba
jhd ngupa gLf;ifaiwnfhz;l
tPL Ntz;Lk;. fiyafj;jp muq;fk;
mikj;Jg; glkhf;FtJ Rygk;.
Ntz;ba mstp gLf;ifaiwia
mikj;Jtplyhk;. ngupa tPLfsp
glk;gpbg;gjw;F tPl;LupikahsHfs;
mDkjpf;fkhl;lhHfs;. glg;gpbg;Gf;
FOtpdH ftdaPdkhf ele;Jnfhs;thH
fshdh tPL gOjhfptpLk;. vdNt>
ehd; jaf;fkpd;wpg; glg;gpbg;ig elj;
jf;$ba ,lnkd;W fUjp> vdJ xd;W
tpl;l rNfhjupapd; tPl;ilf; Nfl;Nld;.
vdJ ngupa jfg;gdhupd; %j;j kfsh
fpa khyjp Nahfuh[h mtHfspd;
tPL nfhs;Sg;gpl;b> Fapd;]; Nwhl;b
,Ue;jJ. kpfg;ngupa tPLfisf;
nfhz;lJ me;jg;gFjp. mNj tPjpap
jhd; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; jiytH [P.[P.
nghd;dk;gyk; mtHfspd; tPLk; ,Ue;
jJ. khyjp Nahfuh[h jq;fsJ tPl;
njhlu;jy; 63k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
,yq;ifapd;...
62k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
b glg;gpbg;ig elj;jr; rk;kjpj;jhH.
clNd ehd; vkJ njhopEl;g ,af;F
dH FkhH fdfuj;jpdk;> njhopEl;g
MNyhrfH rpwP];fe;juh[h> &gth`pdpg;
glg;gpbg;Gf;fhf cgNahfpf;fg;gLk;
xsp tpsf;Ffisj; jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$ba
mstp kpd;dpizg;G ,Uf;fpwjh
vd;gijg; gupNrhjpf;Fk; njhopEl;g
tpayhsH MfpNahH nrd;W tPl;ilg;
ghHitapl;Nlhk;. midtUf;Fk; tPL
gpbj;Jtpl;lJ. tpl;lhj;jpahf Xbahbg;
glk;gpbf;ff;$basT ngupa tPL.
gpbg;Gf;F Ntz;ba tpjj;jp 3-
kpd;dpizg;igg; gupNrhjpg;gtUk; glg;
PHASE ,izg;G ,Ug;gjhff; $wpdhH.
Nkkhjf; filrpap xspg;gjpit Nkw;
nfhs;tnjd;W jpfjpia epHzapj;J
tpl;L ebfHfisj; njupTnra;aj;
njhlq;fpNdd;. ,e;j ehlfj;ij ehd;
thndhypf;nfdj; jahupj;jNghJ gpu
jhd ghj;jpuq;fsp Nf.v];. ghyr;-
re;jpud;> khJupNjtp fNzrJiu> rrp
guk; MfpNahH ebj;jpUe;jdH. ehd;
,ij &gth`pdpf;nfdj; jahupf;Fk;
rkaj;jp Nf.v];. ghyr;re;jpud; aho;g;
ghzj;jp gzpahw;wpf;nfhz;bUe;jhH.
thuehl;fsp eilngWk; glg;gpbg;Gf;F
mtuh tuKbahnjd;W epidj;J
rp. eluh[rptj;ijg; gpujhd ghj;jpuj;
jp ebf;fitg;gjw;F KbTnra;Njd;.
kw;iwa Kf;fpa ghj;jpuq;fshd Rf
tPdKw;w kidtpahf jpUkjp. tp[ahs;
gPw;wiuAk; kidtpapd; jq;ifahf
rhe;jp rr;rpjhde;jj;ijAk; tPl;Lg;gzpg;
ngz;zhf ebg;gjw;F kNf];tup
,uj;jpdj;ijAk; kfd; kw;Wk; kfs;
ghj;jpuq;fsp KiwNa tp[ahs; gPw;
wupd; kfd; nkNuha; gPw;wiuAk;
fiyQH v];. uhkjh]pd; kfs; ehfg;
upahitAk; ebg;gjw;F Vw;ghLnra;Njd;.
rpWtHfSf;Fg; Ngr trdq;fs; ,iy.
tPl;b ,uz;L gps;isfs; ,Ug;g
jhff; fhl;lNtz;Lk;. mjw;fhfNt rpW
tHfisj; njupTnra;aNtz;bapUe;jJ.
ehlfj;jpd; filrpf; fhl;rpapd;gb Rf
tPdKw;wpUf;Fk; kidtpapd; jq;ifia
mtuJ fztH Nfhl;ilg; Gifapuj
epiyaj;jp aho;Njtpap Vw;wptpl
Ntz;Lk;. me;jf; fhl;rpiaf; Nfhl;ilg;
Gifapujepiyaj;jp glk;gpbg;gjw;fhd
mDkjpiag; ngwNtz;Lk;. jpUkjp.
Qhdk; ,uj;jpdk; mtHfs; mg;
Nghija epfo;r;rp cjtpg; gzpg;ghsH
ehafk; vr;.vk;. FzNrfutplkpUe;J
Gifapuj Nrit Rg;wPd;nud;nld;uplk;
mDkjpNfl;L vOjg;gl;l fbjj;ijg;
ngw;Wj;je;jhH. ehd; me;jf; fbjj;
Jld; Nfhl;ilg; Gifapujepyaj;jpw;Fr;
erintendent) miwf;Fs; Eioe;Njd;.
nrd;W mq;F Rg;wPd;nud;nld;upd; (sup-
mJtiu mg;gbnahU gjtpNah Nfhl;
ilg; Gifapuj epiyaj;jp mtUf;
fhd mYtyfnkhd;W ,Uf;Fnkd;Nwh
ehd; mwpe;jpUf;ftpiy.
mjw;Fs; Eioe;jJk; gpukpj;Jg;Ngh
Ndd;. nts;isaH Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd;
myq;fhuq;fs; kw;Wk; jsghlq;fisf;
nfhz;l tprhykhd miw. mq;F
rpk;khrdk;Nghd;wnjhU fjpiuap
flw;gil caujpfhupfSf;fhd rPUil
Nghd;w nts;isr; rPUilap tprhy
khd Nkirf;Fg; gpd;dh Rg;wPd;-
nud;nld;w; mkHe;jpUe;jhH. kpfg;ngupa
Njhw;wk;. mtupd; ngaH ,g;NghJ
epidtp ,iy. me;j Nkirapd;
Kd;dhypUe;j fjpiuap mkHe;J
vr;.vk;. FzNrfutpd; fbjj;ijf;
nfhLj;Njd;. mijg; gbj;j mtH>
xU gpur;rpidAkpiy> tpUk;gpathNw
glg;gpbg;ig elj;Jtjw;F rfy xj;J
iog;igAk; toq;Ftjhff;$wp> me;jf;
2020
fbjj;jp jdJ mwpTWj;jfis
vOjp xU cj;jpNahfj;juplk; nfhLf;f>
cldbahfNt mDkjpf;fbjk; jug;
gl;lJ.
glg;gpbg;ig ,uz;L ehl;fs; elj;Jt
njd;W jPHkhdpj;J rfy xOq;Ffis
Ak; nra;Njd;. xUehs; KOtJk;
ehlfj;jpd; ngUk;gFjp ,lk;ngWk;
tPl;bYk; kWehl;fhiy flw;fiuapYk;
kjpak; aho;Njtp Gwg;gLk; Neuj;jp
Nfhl;ilg; Gfiapujepiyaj;jpYk; glg;
gpbg;ig elj;Jtnjd;W jPHkhdpj;
Njd;. mJ Kjj; njhiyf;fhl;rp
ehlfkhifah xU miukzpj;jpahy
ehlfj;ijg; glkhf;f vt;tsT ehl;fs;
Ntz;Lnkd;gJ ahUf;FNk mg;NghJ
njupahJ. jpiug;glq;fsp miukzpj;
njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfg; glg;gpbg;nghd;wpd;NghJ vd;Dld; glg;gpbg;ghsH gpah uQ;rpj;
jpahyj;jpw;F eilngWk; fhl;rpfisg;
glkhf;fg; gy ehl;fs; Njitg;gL
nkd;W njupe;j rpdpkhg; glg;gpbg;ghsH
fs; &gth`pdpg; glg;gpbg;Gg; gpuptp
,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdh tPbNahf; fkuh
%yk; glk;gpbg;gjw;F vt;tsT fhyk;
vLf;Fnkd;gij ,dpNkjhd; mwpe;J
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ehlfj;jpd; jd;ik
iag; nghWj;Jg; glg;gpbg;Gf;fhd
fhyk; NtWgLnkd;whYk; &gth`pdpf;
nfd;W xU nghJthd fzf;fpUe;jh
jhd; xU jahupg;Gf;F Vw;gLk; nry
itf; fzf;fpl;Lj; jahupg;Gg; gpNuu
izf;Nfhg;igr; rkHg;gpj;J mjw;fhd
mDkjpiag; ngwKbAk;. Mdh
mg;NghJ xU ehlfj;jp gq;Fgw;Wk;
fiyQHfSf;fhd nfhLg;gdit kl;Lk;
jhd; gpNuuizf;Nfhg;gp Fwpg;gpl;L
mDkjpiag; ngw;Nwd;. ehlfg;gpujp
Vw;fdNt thndhypap jahupf;fg;gl;l
njd;gjh mjw;F rd;khdnkJ
Tk; toq;ftpiy. fiyQHfSf;fhd
nfhLg;gditf; fzf;fpLtjw;F &gth-
gl;ba (payment schedule) mg;NghJ
`pdpapd; fiyQH nfhLg;gdTg;
jahupf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.
rpwpJ fhyj;jpd;gpd;dH &gth`pdpj;
jahupg;Gr; nraw;ghLfsp mDgtk;
Vw;gl Vw;gl xU jahupg;Gf;fhd nry
tpidj; Jypakhff; fzf;fplf;$ba
(coasting schedule). Kjyp jpUkjp.
jhd xU ml;ltiz jahupf;fg;gl;lJ
Qhdk; ,uj;jpdKk; ehDk; ,ize;J
jahupj;j fiyQH nfhLg;gdT ml;l
tiz fpl;lj;jl;l xUtUlj;Jf;Fs;
khw;wg;gl;L> kpfTk; tpgukhd fzf;
fpLk; ml;ltiz jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.
mij ehlfg; gpuptpd; jiytuhf
tpUe;j jk;k[hnfhlTk; njhopEl;gg;
gpupTg; nghWg;ghftpUe;j nghwpap
ayhsHfSk; ,ize;J jahupj;jhHfs;.
mjd;gb rpq;fs ehlfq;fs; jahupg;
gjw;F vLf;Fk; fhy msitf; fUj;
jpw;nfhz;L miukzpj;jpahy ehlf
nkhd;wpd; glg;gpbg;Gf;F ehd;Fehl;fs;
vd;W jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikap
jk;k[hnfhl mt;thWjhd; mjpf ehl;
ehlfq;fs; n\hl; ig n\hl; (shot by
fisr; nrytpLthH. njhiyf;fhl;rp
shot) vd;W rpWrpW fhl;rpj;Jz;Lfshfj;
jhd; glk;gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. glg;
gpbg;ig Kbj;jgpd;dH mtw;iwj;
njhFf;Fk;NghJ> jpiuap ,uz;L
epkplq;fs; ePbf;Fk; fhl;rpiaj; njhFg;
gjw;fhd Neuk; xUkzpj;jpahynkd;W
fzf;fplg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb Kg;gJ
epkpl ehlfnkhd;iwj; njhFg;gjw;Fg;
gjpide;J kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thWjhd; jahupg;Gr; nryT fzf;
Gj;jfj;jp (in the book) jahupg;Gr;
fplg;gl;lJ. mt;thW fzf;fpLk;NghJ
nryT gyhapuf;fzf;fhfg; gjpag;
gLk;. njhlHehlfq;fSf;F ,J gy
,yl;rq;fisj; jhz;Lk;. cz;ikap
ehk; gpuj;jpNafkhf epfo;r;rpfisj;
jahupg;gjhapd; gzk;nfhLj;Jj; jahupg;
gjw;F mt;tsT njhifg;gzk;
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;. Mdh &gth`pdp
ap nryit mt;thW fzf;fpl;lhYk;
gzkhfr; nrytplg;gLk; njhif mt;
tsT ,Uf;fhJ. jk;k[hnfhltpd;
fiyQH nfhLg;gdTg; gl;ba ehk;
jahupj;j gl;bayp cs;sijtpl
mjpfsT nfhLg;gditf; nfhz;bUe;
jJ. mg;gb xU nfhLg;gdTg; gl;b
a cupaKiwap mDkjpf;fg;gl;L
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lh> me;jf;
nfhLg;gdTjhd; nkhopNgjkpd;wp mid
tUf;Fk; toq;fg;gLnkd;gjh vkf;Fk;
mJ kfpo;r;rpahf ,Ue;jJ. Mdh
ehd; 1982Mk; Mz;L &gth`pdpapd;
KjyhtJ njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfj;ijj;
jahupj;jNghJ> ehd; Nkw;$wpathW
jahupg;Gr; nryitf; fzf;fpLk;Kiw
mKYf;F tutpiy. &gth`pdpapd;
Kjf; nfhLg;gdTg; gl;baYf;f
ikaNt ehlfj;jpd; nryT fzf;fplg;
- 63 -
gl;lJ. mJ rpy Mapuq;fs; kl;LNk.
glg;gpbg;gd;W fhiy fkuh> Njit
ahd xsptpsf;Ffs; Kjypatw;iw
thfdq;fsp Vw;wpf;nfhz;L glg;
gpbg;G eilngwtpUe;j tPl;bw;Fg;
Gwg;gl;Nlhk;. FkhH fdfuj;jpdj;jpw;Fk;
rpwP];fe;juh[hTf;Fk; kl;LNk ehk;
vd;d nra;ag;NghfpNwhnkd;W njupe;
jpUe;jJ. glg;gpbg;ghsH gpah uQ;rpj;
Jf;Ff;$l vjw;fhfg; NghfpNwhnkd;W
njupahJ. ehk; VNjh xU epfo;itg;
glk;gpf;fg;NghfpNwhnkd;W jhd; epidj;
jjhfTk; ,t;thW njhiyf;fhl;rp
ehlfk; jahupf;fg;NghfpNwhnkd;W jdf;
Fj; njupahnjd;Wk; gpd;dH gpah
uQ;rpj; vd;dplk; $wpdhH. ,tHjhd;
gpd;dhl;fsp vdJ gy njhiyf;
fhl;rp ehlfq;fSf;Fg; glg;gpbg;ghs
uhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH. ,g;NghJ Xa;T
ngw;Wj; njhiyf;fhl;rpg; glg;gpbg;Gg;
gw;wpf; fw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk; gapw;Wtpg;
ghsuhf Clfg; gapw;rpepiyankhd;wp
gzpGupfpwhH.
jpl;lkpl;lthNw khyjp Nahfuh[h mtH
fspd; tPl;b vLf;fNtz;ba fhl;rpfs;
midj;ijAk; vLj;JKbf;f ,uT
xd;gJkzpahfptpl;lJ. mNdfkhf tPl;
b trpg;gtHfs; mq;fpUf;Fk;NghNj
mtHfspd; tPl;ilg; glg;gpbg;Gf;F
cgNahfpf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; gpujhd
rq;flk; vd;dntd;wh> tPl;Lr; nrhe;jf;
fhuHfs; glg;gpbg;G KbAk;tiu vJ
TNk nra;aKbahJ. mJTk; glg;
gpbg;G eilngWk;NghJ tPl;bYs;stH
fs; vq;fpUe;J fijj;jhYk; myJ
rj;jk; Vw;gLk;tifap vijr; nra;
jhYk; glg;gpbg;ig epWj;jNtz;bNaw;
gLk;. mjdh ehk; kpfg;gyj;j
njhdpap mikjpahf ,Uf;Fk;gb
(silence) nrhyNtz;bapUf;Fk;. mtH
fs; mjw;Nfw;g mikjpahf ,Ue;jhYk;
rpwpJNeuj;jp glg;gpbg;G ele;J
nfhz;bUg;gij kwe;J kPz;Lk;
fijf;fj; njhlq;fptpLthHfs;. ehk;
,g;NghJ ,d;Dk; gykhf iryd;];
vd;W nrhyNtz;bapUf;Fk;. ,J
tPl;Lf;fhuUf;F ehk; mjl;LtJNghyj;
njhdpf;Fk;. xU tPl;b njhlHe;J
glg;gpbg;ig elj;jpdh Kjehs;
ehk; NghFk;NghJ fpilf;Fk; Muthu
khd tuNtw;G mLj;jehs; fpilf;fhJ.
vg;NghJ ,J KbAk; vd;gJNghd;w
njhlu;jy; 64k; gf;fk;
- 64 -
,yq;ifapd;...
63k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
ghtidap Kfj;ij itj;jpUg;ghH
fs;. ,J ehk; gpd;dhl;fsp ngw;w
mDgtk;. Mdh khyjp mtHfspd;
tPl;b xUehs; glg;gpbg;ngd;gjh
vkf;F me;jg; gpur;rpid ,Uf;ftpiy.
mtUk; mtuJ ,uz;L rpW gps;is
fSk; tPl;L cjtpahsHfSk; md;W
KOtJk; kpf mikjpahf ,Ue;J
xj;Jioj;jhHfs;.
mLj;jehl;fhiy xd;gJ kzpastp
nts;stj;ij flw;fiuf;Fr;nrd;W
eluh[rptk;> rhe;jp MfpNahH flw;fiu
kzyp mkHe;jpUe;J Ngrpf;nfhz;b
Uf;f rw;Wj;J}uj;jp eluh[rptj;jpd;
kfs; kzyp tpisahbf;nfhz;bUf;
Fk; epfo;itg; glkhf;fpNdhk;. mijg;
glkhf;fp Kbaf; Nfhl;ilg; Gifapuj
epiyaf; fhl;rpfisg; glkhf;fNtz;ba
Neuk; te;Jtpl;lJ.
ehk; vNyhUk; mtruk; mtrukhf
mq;fpUe;J Gwg;gl;Lf; Nfhl;ilg;
Gifapuj epiyaj;jpw;F ,uz;L
thfdq;fsp nrd;Wnfhz;bUe;jNghJ
nfhs;Sg;gpl;bap ,q;fpyhe;Jj; J}j
ufj;jpw;F Kd;dh epd;w nghyp]hH
(over speed) kwpj;Jtpl;lhHfs;. fkuh
xU thfdj;ij kpjkpQ;rpa Ntfnkd;W
Kjypa cgfuzq;fs; mjpj;jhd;
,Ue;jd. ehk; nrd;W nghyp]hUf;Fg;
glg;gpbg;Gf;Fr;nrYk; mtruj;ij
tpsf;fpaJk; mtHfs; clNd vk;ik
mDg;gptpl;lhHfs;. &gth`pdp mg;
NghJjhd; ,yq;ifap Muk;gpj;jpUe;j
jh mjd; ngaiur; nrhd;dTlNdNa
midtUk; xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk;
epiy mg;NghjpUe;jJ. &gth`pdpap
gzpGupgtHfSf;Fk; nrYkplnkyhk;
kpFe;j nfsutkspf;fg;gl;lJ. md;W
vkJ thfdj;jp &gth`pdp ,yr;
rpid (emblem) nghwpf;fg;gl;bUe;
jpUe;jh nghyp]hH kwpj;jpUf;fkhl;lhH
fs;. mg;NghJJhd; &gth`pdp thfdq;
fis thq;fj; njhlq;fpapUe;jjh
me;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l thfdj;jp &gth-
`pdp ,yr;rpid nghwpf;fg;gl;bUf;f
tpiy.
Nfhl;ilg; Gifapuj epiyaj;jp
kjpak; fhq;Nfrd;Jiwia Nehf;fpg;
gazkhFk; aho;Njtp Gwg;glj; jahuhf
epd;wJ. toikNgh rdf;$l;lk;. Gif
Special Training Program
Chasi
647-718-4363, 416-514-0925
drivecar3200@yahoo.ca
apujepiya cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; vkf;F
cjtj; jahuhf epd;W vk;ik tu
Ntw;W mioj;Jr; nrd;whHfs;. Kjyp
rhe;jp CupypUe;Jtu eluh[rptk; mt
iug; Gifapujepiyaj;jpw;F ntspNa
epd;W tuNtw;W mioj;Jr;nrtJ
Nghd;w fhl;rpiag; glkhf;fpNdhk;.
,J ehlfj;jpd; Muk;gj;jptUk; rpwpa
fhl;rp. mij kpftpiuthf vLj;JKbj;
Njhk;. mLj;jfhl;rp ehlfj;jpd; ,Wjpf;
fhl;rp. mjd;gb rhe;jp nwapg;ngl;b
xd;wp Vwp> ad;dyUNfapUf;Fk; ,Uf;
ifap mkHe;Jnfhs;thH. eluh[rptk;
Gifapuj Nkilap epd;wgb ad;d
yp ifitj;J rhe;jpAld; NgRthH.
nwapd; Gwg;gl;L nkynky efu
mjDld; eluh[rptKk; rw;Wj;J}uk;
ele;Jnrd;W mJ NtfnkLf;f mtH
epd;W ifairg;ghH. aho;Njtp J}uj;jp
nrd;W kiwAk;. ,Jjhd; vLf;f
Ntz;ba me;jf; filrpf;fhl;rp.
rhe;jp - eluh[rptk; ciuahlyp>
eluh[rptk; NgRk;NghJ nwapg;ngl;
bf;Fs;spUe;J rhe;jpapd; Nfhzj;jpYk;
rhe;jp NgRtij ntspNa Gifapuj
NkilapypUe;J eluh[rptj;jpd; ghH
itapd; Nfhzj;jpypUe;Jk; glkhf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mjpf trdq;fspyhj rpwpa
fhl;rpjhd;. uQ;rpj; gk;gukhfr; Rod;W
me;jf; fhl;rpfisg; glk;gpbj;JKbj;
jhH. ,dp nwapd; nkynkyg;
Gwg;glNtz;Lk;. vkf;F cjtpahf
epd;w nwapNt cj;jpNahfj;juplk; ehk;
jahnud;W nrhd;dJk; mtH nwap
rhujpf;Ff; iffhl;l nwapd; kpfkpf
nkJthfg; Gwg;gl;lJ. nwapd; Gwg;
gLfpwnjd;w mtruj;jp gazpfs;
nwapDf;Fs; gha;e;J VwpdhHfs;.
eluh[rptk; rhe;jpf;Ff; iffhl;bagb
nwapNdhL ele;J tUtij nwap
Df;Fs;spUe;J rhe;jpapd; ghHitf;
Nfhzj;jp glkhf;fpNdhk;. glkhf;fp
aTld; kPz;Lk; rhujpf;F iriffhl;l
mtH tz;bia epWj;jpg; gpd;Ndhf;fp
efHe;J kPz;Lk; nwapid Nkilf;Ff;
nfhz;Lte;jhH. glg;gpbg;ghsH> rhe;jp>
ehd; vNyhUk; tz;biatpl;L ,wq;
fpaJk; aho;Njtp jdJ toikahd
gazj;ijj; njhlHe;jJ. eluh[rptk;
Nkilapepd;W XLk; Gifapujj;ijg;
ghHj;Jf; ifairj;jgb epd;whH. glg;
gpbg;igj; jpl;lkpl;lthW Kbj;Jj;
jpUk;gpNdhk;.
jha; tPL
glg;gpbg;ig Kbj;Jf;nfhz;L thfdj;
jpw;Fj; jpUk;Gk;NghJ glg;gpbg;ghsH
gpah uQ;rpj; xU ngupa mjpHr;
rpiaj; je;jhH. nuapepiyaj;jp
glk;gpbj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jNghJ fkuh
tpd; kpd;fyk; (battery) jPHe;Jtpl;ljhff;
$wpdhH. vdf;Fj; jiy Rw;wpaJ.
gw;wwpia khw;Wtjw;F Neuk; ,Uf;f
tpiynad;Wk; gw;wwp jPHe;jjw;fhd
vr;rupf;if te;jNghJk; jhd; njhlHe;J
glk;gpbj;jjhfTk; $wpdhH. rup>
ele;jJ ele;Jtpl;lJ> epiyaj;jpw;Fr;
nrd;W vd;d nra;ayhnkd;W jPHkhdpf;
fyhnkd;W vNyhUk; epiyaj;jpw;Fj;
jpUk;gpNdhk;. me;jr; rpW fhl;rpia
vLg;gjw;F vj;jidNgH fLikahf
cioj;Njhk;. mjpYk; nwapNtj;
jpizf;fsk; toq;fpa xj;Jiog;G
mghukhdJ. ve;jtpj fl;lzKk; mw
tplg;gltpiy. Gjpa &gth`pdpj;
njhiyf;fhl;rpf;F mj;Jiz kupah
ijAk; xj;Jiog;Gk; mg;NghJ rfy
kl;lq;fspYk; fpilj;jJ. ,g;NghJk;
mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gJ njupa
tpiy. ,e;j Vw;ghLfs; midj;ij
Ak; ehd; xUtNd nra;J Kbj;Njd;.
jahupg;G cjtpahsHfs; vtUk; ,Uf;f
tpiy. ghyRg;ukzpak; mg;NghJjhd;
jahupg;G cjtpahsuhfr; NrHe;jpUe;jhH.
,e;jj; jahupg;gp mtiu ehd;
,izj;Jf;nfhs;stpiy. me;jNeuj;
jp &gth`pdpf;Ff; fpilj;j xj;J
iog;Gf; fhuzkhf vd;dh rfy
tw;iwAk; jdpj;Jr; nra;a Kbe;jJ.
cldbahfNt njhFg;G (editing)
Ntiyiaj; njhlq;fpNdd;. ve;j cjtp
ahsHfSkpyhk ehNd rfytw;iw
Ak; nra;jjh fhl;rpfisg; glkhf;Fk;
nghOJ vj;jid jlit fhl;rpfs;
vLf;fg;gl;ld (takes)> mjp vj;jid
ahtJ Nuf; rupahdnjd;nwyhk; ehd;
jahupg;Gg; gpujpap Fwpj;Jitf;f Kba
tpiy. tof;fkhf ,J cjtpahsH
fs; nra;Ak; Ntiy. vdNt> xspg;
gjpTnra;j rfy fhl;rpfisAk; kPz;Lk;
KOtJkhfg; ghHj;Jr; rupahd Nuf;F
fisf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. Nfhl;ilg;
Gifapuj epiyaj;jp vLj;j fhl;rp
fs; Kjyp ed;whf ,Ue;jd> gpd;dH
gbg;gbahf gw;uwpapd; rhH[; ,wq;f
,wq;fg; glk; njsptw;Wk; filrpap
eluh[rptk; GifapujNkilap epd;W
iffhl;Lk; fhl;rp kpfTk; njsptpyh
kYk; ,Ue;jJ. kPz;Lk; Gifapuj
epiyak; nrd;W glkhf;Ftnjd;gJ
epidj;Jg; ghHf;fKbahjsT ghupa
Ntiy. vdNt> vLj;j me;jf; fhl;rp
fisitj;Nj glj;njhFg;ig Nkw;nfhs;
tnjd;W KbntLj;Njd;. mtruktru
gy fhl;rpfis (shots) cgNahfpf;f
khf xNu Nlf;fp vLj;JKbj;jjh
Kbatpiy. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; xUthW
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
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NghJ> mtUk; clNdNa ,iraikj;
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jahupf;fg;gLtiy vd;W vd;idg;
gyH Nfl;fpwhHfs;” vd;W nrhd;dhH.
mg;gb cz;ikahff; Nfl;lhHfNsh
,iyNah> ehd; gy epfo;r;rpfis
KjypNyNa nra;JtpLtjhjhd; mg;gb
tpisahl;lhfNtDk; mtuh nrhy
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kfpo;r;rpiaj; je;jJ.
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njhlu;jy; 65k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
,yq;ifapd;...
64k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
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tpkHrdj;jp kpfTk; ghuhl;baNjhL
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vOjpapUe;jhHfs;. vdJ mDgtj;jp
ngw;w ghlk; kPz;Lk; xUKiw ep&gpf;
fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikahd fLk; ciog;G
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rhjfkhf mike;JtpLk;.
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rpyH Fw;wk; fz;Lgpbj;jhHfs;. mjp
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fsp %d;W ghj;jpuq;fs; aho;g;ghzg;
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ngz; ghj;jpuk; kiyafg; Ngr;Rtof;
fp myJ ,e;jpag; Ngr;Rtof;fp
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fisj; juf;Fiwthff; fhl;btpl;ljhf
Kiwapl;L> &gth`pdpj; jiytH
vk;.N[. ngNuuh mtHfSf;F ahNuh
fbjk; vOj> mtH mijj; jpUkjp.
Qhdk; ,uj;jpdk; mtHfsplk; mjw;fhd
tpsf;fk; Nfl;L mDg;gpitj;jhH.
Qhdk; ,uj;jpdk; mtHfs; ePz;lfhyk;
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tfpj;jtH. mNdfkhf midj;Jj;
2020
jkpo;r;Nrit mjpfhupfSk; gytpj
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&gth`pdpj; jkpo;r; Nritf;Fg; nghWg;
ghftpUe;NghJk; ,g;gbahd cs;Nehf;
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rhl;LfSf;Fg; gjpyspj;jpUf;fpNwd;.
mehkNjakhf mDg;gg;gLk; Fw;wr;
rhl;Lfs; ftdj;jp vLf;fg;gLt
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ngz; ghj;jpuj;jpw;F me;jf; fhyj;jp
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NgRk; fiyQHfshf ,yhk kiy
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tha;g;G toq;fNtz;Lnkd;w Nehf;fj;
jp mg;ghj;jpu mikg;Gk; ebfH
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Uf;fyhk;. me;jg; gzpg;ngz; Nkhr
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Ak; cupikAk; cs;stuhfj;jhd; fhl;
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ngaiug; ngw;Wj; je;jJ.
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- 65 -
QHfs; ,yq;ifapd; ve;jg; gFjpiar;
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Fk; mtutH jpwikf;Nfw;wtpjj;jp
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&gth`pdpap epiwNtw;Wj; jahupg;
ghsuhfTk; gpd;dH jkpo;g;gpuptpd;
KjyhtJ jiytuhfTk; vdJ nfhs;
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wikneswaran.p@thaiveedu.com
- 66 -
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khd nkhopahd rPdk; vOj;jh xd;wpj;
jNghJk; gNtW fpisnkhopfshfg;
gpupe;J fplf;fpwJ. Mdh jkpo; xd;Nw
thOe; jkpohf nropg;NghL ,d;Wk;
,Uf;fpwJ. cyfnkhopfs; Vwj;jho
%thapuk; vd jkpo; tuyhW vDk;
E}yp nkhopQhapW Qh. NjtNeag;-
ghthzH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. mtw;Ws;
,aghfj; Njhd;wpa ,ad;nkhopahd
ek; jkpo; nkhopf;Fg;gjpdhW gz;Gfs;
cs;sd vd;Wk;> jkpo; nkhop g
tifr; rpwg;Gfis xUq;NfAilaJ
vd;Wk; gutrj;NjhL Kuriwe;J epd;
wtH ghthzH. njhd;ik> Kd;ik>
vspik> xz;ik> ,sik> tsik>
jha;ik> J}a;ik> nrk;ik> Kk;ik>
,dpik> jdpik> ngUik> jpUik>
,ad;ik> tpad;ik vd;fpd;w rpwg;Gf;
fsh caHe;J epd;w jkpio ‘ahk
wpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo;nkhopNgh
,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhNzhk;’ vd;W
ghujpAk;> ‘jkpOf;Fk; mKnjd;W NgH
- me;jj; jkpo; ,d;gj; jkpnoq;fs;
capUf;FNeH’ vd;W ghujpjhrDk;
Nghw;wp kfpo;e;jhHfs;.
jha;nkhop jkpo; vd;gijtpl mJNt
nkhopfspd; jha; vd;Wk;> cyf khe;jH
fSf;F jkpo; khe;jNdnjhlf;fg;Gs;sp
vd;Wk;> KuR nfhl;b epd;w NjtNeag;
“
cyf nrt;tpa nkhopfspNyNa kpf
QhdKs;sjhfTk;> nghUs; cilajhfTk;>
njhd;ik kpf;fjhTk; ,w;iwtiu ,sik
Fd;whjjhfTk;> ,Ug;gJ jkpo; jhd;.
ghthzH Nryk; efuhl;rpf; fY}upap
Jizg;Nguhuhrpupauhf ,Ue;J> jdJ
jpwikapdh jkpo;j; Jiwj; jiy
tuhf caHe;jtH. jkpowpQH lhf;lH
th.nr. Foe;ijrhkp> GytH ngUr;rpj;
jpudhH> Nkdhs; mikr;rH f. ,uhrhuhk;
Nghd;NwhH mf;fhyj;jp ghthzuplk;
gapd;w khztHfshtH. Nryj;ijj;
njhlHe;J mz;zhkiyg; gfiyf;
fofj;jp Muha;r;rpj;Jiw Jizg;
Nguhrpupauhfg; nghWg;Ngw;whH Njt-
NeaH. mq;F RkhH Ie;jhz;Lfs; mfu
Kjyp njhFg;ghsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH.
E}nyOJk; gzpap <Lgl;l ghth
ziu ‘rk];fpUjNk %j;j nkhop vd;
Wk;> Kjd;ik nkhopnad;Wk; vOJ
cdf;F ,d;dKk; NkgjtpAk; gz
Kk; jUfpd;Nwhk;’ vd;w md;iwa tl
nkhop Mjpf;f mz;zhkiyg; g
fiyf;fofj;jpd; mjpfhuf;Fuiy mr;r
kpd;wpf; Nfs;tp Nfl;Lj; ‘jkpNo vd;
capH %r;R> jkpiog; gopg;gtidj;
jha; jLj;jhYk; tpNld;’ vd mq;F
mtH tfpj;j jd; mupa gjtpiaj;
Jr;rnkd J}f;fp tPrPtpl;L ntspNawpa
ngUe;jif jhd; nkhopQhapW Njt-
Neag; ghthzH.
cyf nrt;tpa nkhopfspNyNa kpf
QhdKs;sjhfTk;> nghUs; cilajhf
Tk;> njhd;ik kpf;fjhTk; ,w;iwtiu
,sik Fd;whjjhfTk;> ,Ug;gJ jkpo;
jhd;. capnuOj;njd;Wk;> nka;naOj;
njd;Wk;> capHnka;naOj;njd;Wk; kpf
El;gj;NjhL jkpOf;F ngaH R+l;b
kfpo;e;j Qhdpfis ehkwpe;jpyk;. q;
te;jh f (jq;fk;) Q; te;jh r (jQ;
rk;) z; te;jh l (fz;lk;) e; te;
jh j (ge;jk;) vd;nwyhk; ,d;d
,d;d vOj;Nj ,d;djw;Fg; gf;fj;jp
tUk; vd;W jPHf;fkhf nrhyikj;
jpUf;fpw mjd; ,yf;fzk; tprpj;jpu
khdJ. capH KjypYk; nka; mLj;Jk;
Njhd;Wfpw flTsH gilg;ignahj;j
tpsq;fKbahj; jj;Jt tprhukJ. ,J
jw;nrayhfj; jhdfj; Njhd;wpa nkhop
ay. mfj;jpaH Mf;fpa mUk;nkhop
vd;gtHfs; cz;L.
nkhop tsk;ngWtJk;> tWikAWtJk;
mk;nkhop NgRk; kf;fspd; kd tsj;ij
xl;bad. cyfp vz;zpwe;j nkhop
fs; Njhd;wpd> tsHe;jd. fhyg;Nghf;
fp gy mope;njhope;jd. rpyNt ,d;
wsTk; epiyj;J thOk; Ngw;wpidg;
ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. ,e;epiyapj;jhd;
jha; tPL
<oj;J jkpowpQH fh. rptj;jk;gp> ‘jkpopd;
rpwg;G mjd; njhd;ikap ,iy>
mjd; njhlHr;rpap jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ>’
vd;whH. njhd;ikahd fpNuf;f nkhop
apd; ,yf;fpaj;ij ,d;iwf;F mtH
fsh vspjhf fw;Wf; nfhs;sNth>
Gupe;J nfhs;sNth KbahJ. MdhYk;
ekf;Nfh ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F
Kw;gl;l ,yf;fpakhd jpUf;Fwis>
ehybahiu> GwehD}w;iwg; ghlrhiy
fsp fw;Wj; jUfpd;wdH. jpUf;Fwsp
cs;s nrhw;fs; ek;Kila md;whlk;
thOk; nkhopapYk; fye;J ,Uf;fpd;
wJ. ,e;j mstpw;F njhlHr;rpahd
kuGila nkhopfs; cyfj;jp NtW
,yNt ,iy vd;fpd;w ngUik
”
Aila nkhopf;FupatHfs; ehq;fs;.
nkhopNa kf;fspd; kdijg; gpujpgypf;
fpw fz;zhb’ ‘cyf ehLfsp Njhd;
wpAs;s nkhopfSk;> vOj;Jf;fSk;>
tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gf;fSk;> tho;Tk; Mw;
Wr; rkntsp ehfupfq;fs; vd;fpd;w
jha; ngw;nwLj;j Foe;ijfNs’ vd;
ghH. ‘thfhtpypUe;J fq;if tiu’
je;j mupa khdpl Ma;tpayhsH uhFy
rq;fpUj;jpahad; mtHfs;. ‘ejpfNs
khdpl ehfupfj;jpd; njhl;bfs;’ vd;
gjid cWjp nra;Ak; tifap ‘ie
ejp ehfupfk; vdg;gLfpd;w vfpg;jpa
ehfupfk;> RNkupad; ehfupfkhd nkrg-
Nlhkpa ehfupfk;> rpe;Jr;rkntsp ehf
upfnkDk; (nkhfQ;rjhNuh> `ug;gh)
jpuhtpl ehfupfk;> kQ;rshw;Wr; rkntsp
ehfupfk; vdg;gLfpd;w rPd ehfupfk;
Nghd;w ehfupfq;fs; jhd; gz;ila
khdplFy tuyhWfisg; gilf;fg;
NgUjtpahapUe;jd. NtLtdha; fhL
fsp miye;jope;j khdplid Mw;
Wr; rkntspfNs Mw;Wg;gLj;jp Xup
lj;jpypUe;J coTj; njhopiy Nkw;
nfhz;L> epiyahf tho toptFj;Jj;
je;jJ. cotpd; tpisNt ehfupfk;.
,JNt nkhopia cUthf;fpw;W. tu
yhw;wpd; ngUk;gFjp ,yf;fpaq;fsh
fl;lg;gl;lJjhd;. mJ vyh kdplf;
FOkj;jpw;Fk; nghUe;jpg; NghFk;. cz;
,yf;fpak; vd;gijg;gpupj;J ,yf;F +
ikap ,yf;fpak; vd;gJ vd;d?
,ak; vd;Wk;> kdpjupd; kdij Nkk;
gLj;JtJ vd;Wk; nrhfpd;whHfs;.
,yf;fpak; tho;f;iff;F mHj;jKk;
GdpjKk; mspj;J nghUSs;sjhf;F
fpwJ. vyhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf ,yf;
fpak; vd;gJ xU nka;awpjtop.
,yf;fpak; fw;gidia Kjd;ikahff;
nfhz;l mwpTg;ghij vd;Wk;> cs;
SzHTk;> jHf;fKk; mjNdhL cld;
tUgit vd;Wk; fUJfpd;whHfs;. ,yf;
fpak; gyhapuk; Ngupd; mDgtq;fis
xUtH mila toptFf;fpd;w XH cd;
djk;. fhyj;jh fle;JNghd tho;f;
ifia ehk; fhzTk;> mjNdhL tho
Tk; gyhapukhz;Lfshf khDlk;
mile;j nka;ikfs;> ngha;ikfs;
midj;Jk; ,yf;fpakhfNt NrHf;fg;
gl;Ls;sd. mjpYk; vk;jkpo; vDk;
khz;Gkpf;f kuGg; gwit fhtp te;jp
Uf;fpw nra;As; ,yf;fpak; fhyj;jh
mopahjit. goe;jkpoHfs; ntz;gh>
Mrpupak;> tQ;rp> fyp> gup> tpUj;jk;
vd gy ghtbtq;fisf; ifahz;ldH.
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- kh. rpj;jptpehafk; -
,t;thW kugp khe;Jk; kdpjHf;fhf
njhfhg;gpak; md;Nw ,yf;fzk;
tFj;jpUf;fpwJ. gpw;fhyj;jp te;j
ahg;gUq;fyf;fhupif ahg;gpyf;fzj;
jpw;F mzp NrHj;jJ. ‘Gjpad GFjYk;
gioad fopjYk; tOty’ vd;fpw ed;
D}w; R+j;jpuj;jpd; ghw;gl;L ,d;W ku
gp ,Ue;J khwpa tbtq;fs; GJf;
ftpijahf kpspHfpd;wd. gy mjprapf;
fj;jf;f nkhopngaHg;G ,yf;fpaq;fs;
fl;lw;w nkhop eilap jkpopw;F te;J
Ftpe;j tz;zNkAs;sd. xUNtis
ehis mit kw;WNkhHngaNuhL Gdp
jk; ngw;Wg; GJ cUtp gtdp tuf;
$Lk;.
kpfkpfj; njhd;ik tha;e;j jkpoH nkhop
apd; vOj;J tbtq;fs; ve;jf; fhyj;
jp Njhd;wpaJ vd;W jpl;ltl;lkhff;
$w Kbahj epiyapjhd; mwpQH
fs; cs;sdH. njhd;ikf; fhyj;jp>
ehk; ,d;W ifahSk; jkpo; vOj;
jyhj> NtW ehd;F tifahd jkpo;
tup tbtq;fsp jkpo;nkhopia vO
jg; gad;gLj;jp cs;sdH vd;gijj;
Ma;Tfs; njspthff; fhl;b epw;fpd;
wd. mitahtd njd;gpuhkp myJ
jkpo;g; gpuhkp> tl;nlOj;Jf;fs;> Nfhny
Oj;Jf;fs;> kiyahz;ik vd;git
fshFk;. ,tw;Ws; njd;gpuhkp myJ
jkpo;g; gpuhkp vOj;J Kiwjhd; kpf
kpfj;njhd;ikahdJ vd Ma;Tfs;
nka;g;gpf;fpd;wd. mNrhfkd;dH jd;
fntl;Lf;fsp gad;gLj;jpa vOj;J
ghyp kw;Wk; gpuhkpNa vd;gJ ,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xd;whFk;. jkpo;f;Fb
apd; ngUik NgRfpwNghJ rpy mwp
tpa rhd;Wfs;> Mjhuq;fs; ,Ue;jh
rpwg;G. Gwg;nghUs; ntz;gh khiy
vdg;gLfpw fp.gp. 9k; E}w;whz;b vO
jg;gl;l ntz;ghr; R+j;jpukhff; fUjg;
gLtJ. ‘ngha;mfy ehSk; Gfo;tpisj;
j vd;tpag;ghk; itafk; NghHj;j
taq;F xypePH - ifafyf; fNjhd;wp
kz;Njhd;whf; fhyj;Nj thnshLKd;
Njhd;wp %j;j Fb’ vd;fpd;w 35tJ
R+j;jpu tpsf;f ghl.
kpfg; ngupa rHr;irf;Fs;shfpa ntz;gh
,J. ,jp f vd;gJ kiy vd;Wk;>
kz; Njhd;w Kd; kdpjd; kiyNk
,Ue;jhd; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;whHfs; ciuahsH
fs;. rup kiyNkypUe;j ek; jkpod;
thNshL Kd; Njhd;wpdhd; vd;wh
,Uk;G gw;wpa mwpT epuk;gpatdhf
,Ue;jhd; vd;fpd;whHfs;. kiyf;F
NkNy kdpjd; tuKd;G vq;fpUe;jhd;?
vd;gjw;F [yg;gpusaj;jp Nehth
tpd; fg;g jq;fpa kiy jhd; mJ
ntd;fpd;whHfs;. kiyNkNy flTs;
ek;ktiuj; jhd; Kjd;Kj cl;fhu
itj;jhnudp vdf;Fk; kfpo;r;rpNa.
ehd; xU ez;gNuhL NgRfpd;w NghJ
mtH nrhd;dhH. ‘f Njhd;wh> kd;
Njhd;whf; fhyj;Nj thYld; Kd;Njhd;wp
%j;j ,dk;’ vd;Wjhd; te;jpUf;f Ntz;
Lk;. ftpawpTk;> kd;duhl;rpAk; mw;w
fhyj;Nj thNyhL Kd;Njhd;wpaJ
jhNd kdpj ,dk; vd;whH. jkpoDf;F
th itj;Jtplj;jhd; vNyhUk; Jbf;
fpwPHfs; vd;W mtNuhL vjpHthjk;
Gupe;jhYk; mtHnrhtjpYk; xU epah
ak; ,Ug;gjhfj; Njhd;wpaJ vdf;F.
,g;gbj;jhd; jkpOf;F 50>000 Mz;L
fSf;F Nk tuyhW cz;nld;fpwhH
fs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> cyfpd; Kj ,yf;
RNkupad; nkhopapd; ‘fpfNk];’ (Gil-
fpakhf 5>000 tUlg; goik $l mw;w
gamesh) vd;gijj;jhd; tifg;gLj;jp
njhlu;jy; 67k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
jkpoH ...
66k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
cs;shHfs;. kpFjpahf cs;s 45>000
Mz;L fhyj;jp jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs;
,aw;wg;gltpiyah myJ mtw;
wpw;F epfo;e;jJ vd;d? vd;fpd;w kpfg;
ngupa Nfs;tp vk;kpilNa cz;L.
vLj;jTld; fNjhd;wp kz;Njhd;whf;
fhyj;Nj Kd;Njhd;wpa ,dk; vd;fpw
ngUikNahL Muk;gpj;JtpLfpw ehk;
,it gw;wpj; NjlNyhL Muha Ntz;
batHfshf cs;Nshk;. ehd; nrhy
tUtJ kdpj capHfs; vg;Ngh Njhd;
wpaJ? vd;gjw;Fk;> mjp Njhd;wpa
kdpjH jkpio vg;Ngh fw;whH? vd;
fpd;w Nfs;tpfl;Fk; vk;kpilNa tpil
apiy. vk; jkpo; ,dk; fpl;lj;jl;l
50>000 Mz;LfSf;Fk; Kd;dNu tho;e;
Js;sjhfTk;> cyfpNyNa Kjd;Kjyp
Fkupf;fz;lj;jp Njhd;wpa ,dk; mJ
vd;Wk; Mjhuq;fs; ,d;wpg; gy jkpo;g;
gw;whsHfs; myJ jkpowpQHfs; $wp
tUfpd;whHfs; vd;fpd;w ngUkpjj;NjhL
vq;fspd; Njlfs; midj;Jk; epd;W
Ngha;tpLfpd;wd. mopTw;w FkupNahL
vq;fspd; mofpa jkpopd; Mjhuq;fSk;
mopTw;Wg; Nghapd vd;fpd;w nra;jp
JaukhdJjhd;. MdhYk;> ,d;iwf;Fg;
gy Gjpa jftfNshL cyfk; kPns
Or;rp nfhs;fpd;w Ntis> ekJ Njl
fSk; Kidg;NghL vOe;jhf Ntz;Lk;.
mwptpa ngUfptpl;l ,w;iw ehl;f
sp mopTw;w Fkupf;Fs; Ma;T elj;j
Ntz;ba Njit vkf;F ,Uf;fpwJ.
vk; %jhijfisj; NjLfpw fPobNa
vNyhH fz;fisAk; cWj;Jfpwnj
dp vk; 50 Mapuk; tUlg;goikiaj;
Njlty R+oiy vt;thW cUthf;F
tJ? vd;gJ ,aghd Nfs;tp.
kJiu khtl;lk; jpUg;Gtdk; mUNf
cs;s fPobap> Ie;jhk; fl;l mfoha;
2020
Tg;gzpfs; Kbe;J> Mwhk; fl;l mf
oha;Tg; gzpfs; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd.
Mdh Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj ,jw;Fg; gy
jilfs; ,Ue;jd. kzY}H> nfhe;jif>
Mjpr;r eY}iug; Nghy fplg;gpNy
Nghlg;gl ,Ue;j fPobia tof;
fwpQH fdpnkhop kjp Nghd;wtHfspd;
thjhlNy kPl;lJ vd;gijAk; mkHehj;
mtHfs; mjp njhlHe;J ,aq;f mJ
top nra;jikAk; ,q;F Fwpg;gpl;lhf
Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mfo;thuha;r;rp %yk;>
kjk; kw;Wk; flTs; ek;gpf;if ,yh
k> gbg;gwpT ngw;wtHfshf tho;e;J
te;j goq;fhy jkpoHfspd; rq;f fhy
ehfupfj;jpw;fhd rhd;Wfs; fpilf;fg;
ngw;Ws;sd vd;gJ ekJnjhlf;fg;Gs;sp.
fhykwpah Ntjpapa Ma;tpw;F mtw;
wp rpy mDg;gl;bUg;gjhfr; nrhfpd;
whHfs;. 1921-22> ,e;jpa njhnghUs;
Ma;Tj; Jiwapd; mDruizap>
nkhfQ;rjhNuh> `ug;gh Mfpatw;iwf;
fz;lwpa cjtpa NrH. N[hd; khHr
mtHfs; ‘fntl;Lf;fs; ehk; ek;gpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ek;gpf;iffis rpijj;
njwpe;J Gjpa Mjhuk; jUtJ’ vd;fpw
nra;jpiar; nrhypapUe;jhH. mNj
Ngh fPobah jkpoHfs; ek;gpf;nfhz;
bUf;fpw ek;gpf;iffisj; jfHj;J Gjpa
Mjhuj;ij mJ nrhy tUtJ jkp
oHf;Fg; ngUik. itiff;fiuap Gs;
spkhd;Nfhk;igap fz;lwpag;gl;l me;
Jtdpd; eLf mNrhfDf;F Kw;gl;lJ
vd;fpd;w nra;jpiaAk; mjp gjpT
nra;ag;gl;l jkpo;g;gpuhkp vOj;Jf;fs;
mNrhfDf;F Kd;djhdJ vd;gijAk;
mwpfpw NghJ jkpopd; njhd;ikia
Nghw;whjpUf;f KbahJ jhd;. ,uht-
zdpd; Nfhl;ilahd <oj;jp> Ntz;L
nkd;Nw rpq;fs murh ghuhKfkhf
tplg;gl;bUf;fpw njhypa Ma;T
njhlHe;jh jkpoupd; Nkd;ik NkYk;
ntspr;rj;jpw;F tu tha;g;Gz;L.
1602 E}w;ghf;fsh Md njhfhg;gp
ak; jhd; ekJ kpf %j;j jkpo; ,yf;
fz E}yhf nfhz;lhLfpd;Nwhk;. nrk;
nkhop jkpoha;T eL epWtdk; njh
fhg;gpaH Mz;bid fp.K 711 vd;W
tiuaiw nra;fpwJ. ,t;thwhd xU
R+oypNyjhd; ‘fpfhNk\;’ cyfj;jpNy
vOjg;gl;l Guhjd fijfsp kpfTk;
goik tha;e;jJ vd;W tuyhw;W Ma;
thsHfs; gjpT nra;fpd;whHfs;. ,J
tiuf;Fk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l mfo;T
fspd;gb ,J jhd; kpfTk; goikahd
vOj;J tbtpYs;s fij myJ
,yf;fpak; vd;gjhf gy tuyhw;Wf;
Fwpg;Gfs; gjpthfp tUfpd;wd. mJ
Fwpg;gpl tUfpw nra;jp vspjhdJ.
RNkupahtpYs;s ‘cUf;’ Njrj;ij Ml;rp
nra;j murd; fpfhNk\; gw;wpAk;>
mtd; tho;e;j ehl;fsp ele;j nts;
sg;ngUf;ifg; gw;wpAk; NgRfpw me;
etPdk; cz;ikap ,g;gb xU murd;
,Ue;jjw;fhd ve;j Mjhuq;fisAk;
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- 67 -
A
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NjlNtz;ba fl;lhaj;jp ehkpUf;fpd;
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sithivinayagam@thaiveedu.com
- 68 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020

√_ÈVı|ÔVÈD Bankruptcy, Consumer proposal º√Vu≈ ºƒÁkÔπ_ ∂–√kxÁ¶BkÏÔ^

• Ô¶[ ∏´flEÁ™BV_ WD\]Bu≈ kVµ¬ÁÔBV? ºƒÁk¬ÔV™ Ô‚¶D (Consulting fee) ÂV∫Ô^

∂≈s|k]_ÁÈ
• ÂV·VÕ> kVµÁÔ ÁÔÂøs© º√V˛≈>V?
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• Collection Agnecyl[ Ô¶[ÿ>VÁÔl_ ŒÚ √z]ÁB \‚|º\ k‚Ωl_ÈVm
ÿ>VÁȺ√E t´‚¶ÈV? ÿƒK›> ÂV∫Ô^ Œø∫z ÿƒFm ÿÔV|©º√VD.
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• c∫Ô^ ƒD√·D Ô¶[ >Õº>V´V_
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√§x>ÈVzD ®[≈ ÔkÁÈBV?
ÿƒFm ÿÔV|¬Ô© √|D

Trustee in bankruptcy ÷ÁÕm Œº´ ÌÁ´l[ ˇµ ÷B∫zD ŒÚ >tw˙ WÆk™D

∂Á™›m Ô¶[ ∏´flEÁ™Ô”¬ÔV™ ÷Èkƒ gºÈVƒÁ™Ô”¬z

Sri Vallipuranathar
Certified Insolvency & Bankruptcy Counsellor

309-80 Corporate Drive

Scarborough, ON M1H 3G5
Tel: 416.439.0224
Cell: 416.450.5011
Fax: 416.439.0226

www.creditsolutioncanada.com
contact@creditsolutioncanada.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
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ftpij vd;w nryp Kj vOj;
wJ. rKjhag; Gul;rpf;Ff; ftpQdpd;
ftpijfs; tpijahfpd;wd. rpj;jHfSk;>
ehad;khHfSk;> Mo;thHfSk; rkag;
Gul;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ltHfs;. jh$H> ghujp-
ahH> ghujpjhrd;> GJit ,uj;jpdJiu
Nghd;w ftpQHfs; ehl;L tpLjiyf;
Fk;> ,d tpLjiyf;Fk; cukpl;lhHfs;.
,jdhNyNa...
tpNy UotH gifnfhspDk;
nrhNy UotH gif’
nfhs;sw;f
- jpUf;Fws; 872
jha; tPL
vd;whH jpUts;StH.
ftpQUf;Fupa mj;jid jdpg;gz;G
fisAk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; ftpQH fz;z-
jhrdpd; mUikahd xU ftpijia
,q;Nf ,Wjpahf vLj;J itf;fpd;Nwd;.
ftpQd; ahNdhH fhyf; fzpjk;
fUg;gL nghUis cUg;gl
itg;Nghd;!
Gtpap ehNdhH GfOilj; nja;tk;!
nghd;dpYk; tpiykpF nghUnsd;
nrtk;!
,itrup nad;wh ,ak;Gt
njd;njhop
,itjt whapd; vjpHg;gnjd;
Ntiy!
Mf;f mspj;j mopj;j
,k;%d;Wk;
mtDk; ahDNk mwpe;jit mwpf!
nrtHjq; ifap rpiwg;gl
khl;Nld;
gjtp thSf;Fg; gag;gl khl;Nld;!
ghrk; kpFe;Njd; gw;Wj kpFe;Njd;
Mir jUtd midj;Jk;
gw;WNtd;!
cz;lh apd;gpwH cz;zj; jUNtd;
,yh apd;vk upye; jl;LNtd;!
tz;lh naOe;J kyHfsp
mkHNtd;
tha;g;Gwe; Njid CHg;Gwe;
jUNtd;!
gz;NlhH fk;gd; ghujp jhrd;
shanmugarajah@thaiveedu.com
nrhyh jdrpy nrhypl
KidNtd;!
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
Gfo;e;jh vd;Dl Gyupf; fhJ
,fo;e;jh vd;kdk; ,we;J tplhJ!
tskhH ftpfs; thf;F% yq;fs;
,we;j gpd;dhNy vOJf jPHg;G!
fyha; kukha;f; fhLNk lhf
khwh jpUf;fahd; tdtpyq; fy!
khw;wk; vd;gNj khdplj; jj;Jtk;
khWk; cyfpd; kfj;Jtk; mwpNtd;!
vt;ntit jPik vt;ntit ed;ik
vd;g jwpe;J VFnkd; rhiy!
jiytH khWtH jHghH khWk;
jj;Jtk; kl;LNk ml;ra ghj;jpuk;!
nfhs;NthH nfhs;f Fiug;NghH
Fiuf;f
cs;tha; thHj;ij clk;G njhlhJ.
ehNd njhlf;fk; ehNd KbT
ehDiug; gJjhd; ehl;bd; rl;lk;!
- fhyf; fzpjk; - ftpaurH fz;zjhrd;
xU ftpQDf;Fupa mj;jid gz;G
fisAk; jhd; xU ftpQd; vd;w ngU
kpjj;NjhL> jpkpHe;j Qhdr; nrUf;NfhL
mtH vOjpa ftpijapJ. ftpaurH
fz;zjhrd; mtUf;NfAupa ,Wkhg;
Gk; fk;gPuKk; NrHj;J vOjpa tupfs;
mtH jd;id ikag;gLj;jp vOjp
apUe;jhYk; me;jf; ftpij mtUf;Nf
kl;Lk; nghUe;Jtjhf ehd; epidf;f
tpiy. cyfp epiy ngwj;jf;f
ftpijfis vOJk; mj;jid ftpQH
fSf;Fk; mJ
nghUe;Jk; vd;gNj
vdJ fUj;J.
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 71 -
- 72 -
,ny%wpah myJ Fkupf;fz;lk;
F kupf;fz;lk; myJ fl
nfhz;l njd;dhL vd;w
Gj;jfk; 1941k; Mz;L
f. mg;ghj;Jiug;gps;isah vOjg;
gl;L jpUneNtyp njd;dpe;jpa irt
rpj;jhe;j E}w;gjpg;Gf; fofj;jh ntsp
aplg;gl;lJ. me;E}ypd; gjpg;Giuap
Fkupf;fz;lj;jpid ,yq;ifAld;
njhlHGgLj;jp mjid Fkupf;fz;lj;
jpd; vQ;rpAs;s ghfkhff; Fwpg;gpl;b
Ue;jikapid Nehf;fKbfpwJ.
“,yq;ifapYs;s xU kiyKfl;b
eLg;gfNtisap epd;W ,e;Jkh
fliy Nehf;fpdh flybg;gFjpap
nghw;fyrnkhd;W fhzg;gLnkd;Wk;
m/J ,uhkhaz fhyj;jp ,yq;if
apd; kd;ddhftpUe;j ,uhtNz];tu
dpd; muz;kidf; fyrnkd;Wk; gyH
$wf; Nfs;tp. ,f;$w;W cz;ikNaahf
ngha;Naahf ,e;JkhflYs; xU gue;j
epyg;gFjp mOe;jpAs;sJ vd;gij
,J Fwpf;Fnkd;W nfhs;StjpNyJk;
,Of;nfhd;Wkpiy” vd tpgupf;fpwJ
me;jf; Fwpg;G.
,yq;ifap mk;ghe;Njhl;ilf;Fj;
njd;fpof;fhf 12 myJ 13 fp.kP J}uj;
jp kfh,uhtzh> Flh,uhtzh vd;W
cs;@Hkf;fsh miof;fg;gLk; ,U
jPTg;ghiwfs; fhzg;Lfpd;wd. mt;
gFjp: 6
topNa nrYk; fg;gfspd; Nghf;F
tuj;Jf;F ,ilA+whf mg;ghiwj; jPT
fspUe;jjdh mtw;iw lr;Rf;fhuUk;
Mq;fpNyaUk; Gduikg;G nra;jpUe;
fpNww;gh]; wPt; (Greate Basses Reef)
jdH mg;ghiwr; rpWjPTfSf;F KiwNa
ypw;wp gh]; wPt; (Little Basses Reef)
vdTk; ngaupl;bUe;jdH.
,g;ghiwj; jPTfsp 1702k; Mz;ls
tp nkhfyha kd;dd; mTuq;frPg;gpd;
Mguzq;fs; Vw;wpr; nrd;w fg;gnyhd;W
%o;fpanjd;Wk; mjdh nts;spf;fhR
fs; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lnjd;Wk; nrhyg;
gLfpwJ. ,jidj; nghf;fprj;jputpaj;
jPthf MjH rP fpshf; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH.
ePz;lfhykhf ,e;JrKj;jpuj;jpd; nrt
sq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sntdg; gy
ehLfs; Ma;T vd;w NghHitap kiw
Kfkhf Kaw;rpnaLj;J tUtjidf;
fhzKbfpwJ.
Ma;thsHfs; Fwpg;gpLtJNghy G+kj;
jpaNfhlhdJ xUfhyj;jp ,yq;ifia
ClWj;Jr; nrd;wJ vd;w tpsf;fkhdJ
,uhkhaz fhyj;jp ,yq;ifj;jPT
kPfg;ngupajhftpUe;jjhff; nrhyg;
glf; fhuzkhfpw;W. jg;gpuNghd; vd;w
,yq;ifahdJ jhkpuguzp vd;w
nrhypd; jpupG ngw;w nrhw;gjkhfr;
nrhyg;gLfpwJ. njhykpapd; Kjyh
Nghd; (Tabrobana) vd;w ngupa epyg;
tJ gioaTyfpd; tiuglj;jp jg;gpu
gFjp ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jp fhzg;gl;l
ijf; mtuJ tiuglj;jp fhzyhk;.
,e;jg; ngupa epyg;gFjp G+kj;jpa
Nfhl;Lf;Fj; nfw;fhfTk; gue;J fhzg;
gLfpwJ. ,jdhNyjhd; jg;gpuNghd;
vJntd;w Iag;ghL Ma;thsHfsp
ilNa epytpaJ. N[Hkdpapd; Gtpap
ayhsuhd ,khDt fhd;w; ,e;epyg;
gFjp klf];fhiuf; Fwpj;J epw;gjhfr;
nrhypapUf;fpwhH. njd;dpe;jpahTf;Fj;
njw;NfapUe;j fhuzj;jpdhYk; njhy
kpah Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;j tiuglj;
jpypUe;j ngaHfs; ,yq;ifapd; ,lg;
ngaHfSld; xj;Jg; NghtjhYk; ,e;j
epyg;gFjp ,yq;ifahftpUf;fyhk; vd
,d;W nghJthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;
bUf;fpwJ.
njhykp (Ptolemy) fpNuf;f ,dj;jtuh
apDk; vfpg;jp tho;e;J> mnyf;rhz;
wpah fiyf; $lj;jpd; Gtpapayhsuh
apUe;jhH. fp.gp 90f;Fk; 168f;Fk; ,ilf;
fhyj;jp tho;e;jtH. ,tH Gtpapayh
sH> thdtpayhsH> NrhjplH vdg; gd;
Kfg; Gyik nfhz;ltH. Gtpikaf;
nfhs;ifapd;gh <Hg;Gf; nfhz;lJld;
Gtpjl;ilahdnjd;w fUj;jpaYld; xd;
wpg; NghdtH. fp.K 350 Mz;lstp
tho;e;j fpNuf;fg; Gtpapa mwpQuhd
nkf];jdp]; KjyhdtHfspd; gioa
cyfk; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfis Mjhukhff;
nfhz;L KjyhtJ cyf tiuglj;
jpid tiue;jhnudr; nrhyg;gLfpwJ.
,tH ,e;JrKj;jpuj;jpypUe;j ngupa
fz;lk; gw;wpf; Nfsptpg;gl;ljidf;
nfhz;Nl ,j;jifa ngupa epyg;gug;ig
tiuglkhf;fpapUf;fNtz;Lk;. Vw;fdNt
mwpag;gl;bUe;j ,e;jpahit mstpw;
rpwpajhff; fhl;bapUe;jJld; vfpg;jpa
ehfupfg; ghuk;gupaj;Jld; Fkupf;fz;lk;
gw;wpa fUJNfhs; ,uz;lwf;fye;jpUe;j
fhuzj;jpdh kl;LNk ,J rhj;jpakhfp
apUf;ff; $Lnkdf; fUjKbfpwJ.
Fkupf;fz;lk; flYs; %o;fpaJ cz;
ikNa vd;gJ gy Ma;thsHfspd; Kb
thf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. jkpopyf;fpar;
rhd;WfSld; ,d;wa tpQ;Qhd Ma;T
KbTfs; xj;Jg; NghtJjhd; Fkupf;
fz;lk; gw;wpa Ma;Tf;fhd J}z;L
NfhyhfTk; mike;J tpLfpwJ. Fkupf;
fz;l Ma;thsuhd jkpoH xuprh ghY
tpd; gue;j Ma;Tf;Fj; JizNghdJk;
jkpopyf;fpaNk. Fkupf;fz;lj;jpd; mopT
Fwpj;j nra;jpfs; Fkupf;fz;l kf;fS
ld; njhlHGgl;lJ. mq;fpUe;j kf;fs;
vt;thW mope;jhHfs; myJ ,lg;
ngaHTf;F cl;gl;lhHfs; vd;gnjyhk;
mopthdJ vj;jd;ikahdJ vd;gjpNy
jq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
2004k; Mz;b ,yq;ifiaAk; njd;
dpe;jpahitAk; jhf;fpa Rdhkp vdg;
gLk; GtpeLf;fg; NguiyahdJ xNu
aputp gy kdpj capHfisg; gyp
nfhz;lJld; cilikfisr; Nrjg;
gLj;jpAk; epyq;fisf; flYs; %o;f
itj;Jk; epfo;j;jpa mdHj;jq;fis
czHe;Jk;> fz;Lk;> Nfl;Lk;> kdjp
,Uj;jpf; nfhz;ltHfs; jhd; ,e;jj;
jiyKiwapdH. ,e;j epfo;thdJ
ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; tho;f;ifap
khngUk; NrhfkhfTk; J}utpUe;jtH
fSf;Ff; fpilj;j nra;jpahfTk; kdpj
r%fk; cs;stiuap epiyj;J ,Uf;
fj;jhd; NghfpwJ.
,t;thW Mopg;Nguiy mdHj;jq;fis
Ak; nts;s mopTfisAk; fz;Lk;
Nfl;Lk; mDgtpj;JkpUe;j Fkupf; fz;l
kf;fspd; fijjhd; nrtptopr; nra;jpf;
fijfshf kdpj Fyk; gue;jpUe;j
gFjpnaq;Fk; gug;gg;gl;lJld; md;iw
akf;fis topelj;jntdr; rl;lq;fshf
cjtpa rkaf;fl;lisfis tpsq;f
itf;Fk; Guhzq;fshfTk; rkaq;fspd;
mbg;gilf;fijfshfTk; ,lk;ngw;wp
Ug;gjidf; fhzKbfpwJ.
kDr;rf;futHj;jpAUila fijAk; kfh
tp];ZTila kr;r(kPd;) mtjhuk; gw;
wpa fijAk; kr;rGuhzkhf vOjg;
gl;Ls;sJ. ,JNt> fpwP];Jtj;jpd;
iggpsp Nehth vd;w kpjf;Fk; fg;
gypd; tuyhwhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUe;
jJ. ,itapuz;bidAk; xj;j fij
fs; kdpj Njhw;wj;JlDk; kdpjg;guk;
gYlDk; ,ize;J vyh kdpjf;
FOkq;fspilNaAk; xNu nra;jpahff;
jha; tPL
fhzg;gLfpwJ vd;gjid Ma;thsH
fs; ntspf;nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.
mf;fijfs; vf;fhy epfo;tpidg; gpujp
gypf;fpwJ vd;gjp gy Kuz;ghLfs;
fhzg;gLtJ jtpHf;fKbahjJ.
xUfhyj;jp kf;fs; kdjp ,Ue;j
tPuid> r%f myJ ,dr; nraw;
ghl;lhsid rkfhy kdpjd; xUtd;
NkypUj;jpf; fijfs; GidtJ vOj;
jjhsHfsJk; GytHfsJk; tof;fkh
fpapUe;J tUfpwJ. fhe;jp Gjpa mtjhu
nkLg;gJk; Gjpa Jl;lifKD cUth
FtJk; rhjhuzkhf ek;kpilNa fhzg;
gLfpwJ.
kDr;ff;futuj;jpf;F kPdhf te;j kfh
tp];Z ,d;dKk; VOehl;fsp gpusak;
xd;W tug;Nghfpwnjd;Wk; mjw;fhf xU
ehthiaj; jahupf;Fk; gbAk; mjp
capupdq;fisAk; nghUl;fisAk;
Vw;WkhW fl;lisapl;jhfTk; gpd;dH
me;j ehthia caukhd kiyahfpa
nghjpif kiyap js;spf; nfhz;L
te;J tpl;ljd;%yk; kDf;Fyk; fhg;
gw;wg;gl;ljhfTk; kr;rGuhzf; fij
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
tptpypa Ntjj;jp Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ
Nghy Nkh]Rf;F gj;Jf; fl;lis
fisg; Nghjpj;j ,iwtd;> Nehth
vd;w kpjf;Fk; fg;gyp Vw;wg;gl;l
kdpjHfisAk; Vida capupdq;fis
Ak; gpusaj;jpd; nghOJ kiyap
NrHg;gpj;jhH vd;w fij nrhyg;gl;b
Uf;fpwJ. mf;fhyj;jp tuyhW vd;gJ
fijf@lhff; fhtpr; nryg;gl;lJ
mf;fhyq;fsp epfo;Tfs; ,t;thNw
kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;l tuyhW (Mnemo-
gjptplg;gl;L te;jd. ,jid kdJs;
history or Memory history) vd;W Fwpg;
gpLtH.
Nehth vd;gJ ehtha; vd;w jkpo;r;
nrhypd; jpupGjhd; vd;Wk; jkpo;f;fij
ahd kDtpd; fijjhd; cynfq;Fk;
gutpw;nwd;Wk; ,f;fijfnsyhk; Fwpg;
gpl;bUf;Fk; gpusak; vd;gJ Fkupf;
fz;lj;jp jhd; Vw;gl;bUe;jnjdTk;
jkpo; MHtyHfs; thjpLfpwhHfs;. Gtp
apd; tuyhw;wp gdpAfKk; ngUnts;
sg; ngUf;fhd gpusaKk; rkfhyj;jp
cynfq;Fk; epfo;e;j epfo;thfTk; mt
jhdpf;fyhk;. Rdhkp Nghd;wit Fwpj;j
gpuNjrq;fsp khj;jpuk; epfof;$bait.
mitNghd;w epfo;tpd; epidTfNs
Njit fUjp kf;fsh ntspf;nfhzug;
gl;bUe;jik Nehf;fw;ghyJ. Nkhr];
A+j ,dj;ijf; fhj;j khtPud;. mNj
Nghd;w khtPuHfs; myJ jiytH
fs; jkpo;$Wk; rj;jpatpujd; vd;w
kDthfNth rk];fpUj Ntjk; $Wk;
kDntd;w murdhfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.
,itnayhk; epidTg;gjpNtLfs;
vd;gjp IankJTkpiy.
capupdg; NguopT (Mass Extinction) Gtp
capupd tuyhw;wp Ie;J fhyg;gFjp
gLj;JthHfs;. (Big Fives) Kjyhtjhf
ap epfo;e;jjhf Ma;thsH tifg;
500 kpypad; Mz;b fltho; cap
updk; Kw;whf mopf;fg;gl;ljhf Ma;T
fs; njuptpj;jpUe;jd. Gjpa Mjhuj;
jpd;gb 470 kpypad; tUlq;fsp
ildNrhH Nghd;w capupdq;fis
mopj;j thdf;fiy tpl 3>000 klq;F
ngupa 43 thdf;fw;fsh G+kp jhf;fg;
gl;bUe;jJ ,J #upaFLk;gk; gw;wpa
NrHe;j gpHfH ];kpw;. (Birger Schmitz)
GJtpsf;fj;ijj; jUtjhff; RtPlidr;
jiyikapyhd Ma;Tf; FO njuptpj;
jpUf;fpwJ.
kanapathipillai.a@thaiveedu.com
439 kpypad; Mz;Lfsp G+kpap 86
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- m. fzgjpg;gps;is -
rjtPjkhd capupdq;fs; mope;J tpl;l
jhfr; nrhyg;gLfpwJ. XNlhtprpad;
- rpY}wpad; fhyj;jp mJ epfo;e;jpUf;
fpwJ. mg;gyhr;rpad; kiyahf;ffhyj;
jp Gtptspkz;lyr; nraw;ghLfsh
epyk; Fsputile;jJ gdpAfnkd;W Vw;
gl;ljh flkl;lk; Fiwe;jpUe;jJ.
,f;fhuzq;fsh capuopTk; kPz;Lk;
Gjpa capupdk; Njhd;w tha;g;Gk; ,Ue;
jjhf Ma;Tfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd.
rpY}upad; fhyj;jp fl ntg;gkhf
,Ue;jjdh kPd; cl;gl KJnfYk;
Gs;s capupdq;fs; flYl;jhd; Kj
yp Njhd;wpapUe;jd. gpd;dH epyk;
ntg;gkilaj; njhlq;fTk; gbg;gbahf
epyj;jpYk; flypYk; thof;$ba cap
updq;fs; Njhd;wpd. gpd;dH epyj;jp
kl;Lk; thof;$ba capupdq;fs; Njhw;
wk; ngw;wpUe;jd. me;j Afj;jp Vw;
gl;l capupdg; NguopTf;Fg; gpd;dH
kPd;jhd; mLj;j capupaw; fhyg;gFjp
iaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jJ vd;gjidj; njup
tpf;Fk; tpQ;Qhd tpsf;fkhfNt kr;r
mtjhuk; ,q;F njspTgLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,ny%wpahf; fz;lk; gw;wpa Ma;tpid
Nkw;nfhz;l mwpQHfs; nkhwprpah
(Mouricia) vd;w fz;lk; gw;wpa nra;jp
rpah kf;Nlnkhw; (Alicia McDermott)
fisAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwhHfs;. myp-
njiye;JNghd ,ny%wpah fz;lj;Jf;
fhd Mjhuj;ij tpQ;Qhdpfs; fz;L
gpbj;jpUf;fpwhHfsh vd;W 2017 vOjg;
gl;l fl;Liuap Guhjd fz;l NkNyh
lhdJ nkhwprpa]; jPTfSf;Ff; fPo;
,Ug;gjhf tpQ;Qhdpfs; cWjp nra;
jpUg;gjhfr; nrhyg;gLfpwJ vd;fpwhH.
200 kpypad; Mz;Lfsp nfhz;L
thdh mq;fhuhyhe;J gpupf;fg;gl;lngh
OJ njw;NfapUe;j nfhz;Lthdhf;
fz;lg;gFjpap klf];fhUf;Fk; Mgp
upf;fhTf;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gl;l ePo
khd epyg;gFjp jhd; nkwprpahf;fz;
lk; vdg;gLfpwJ. mjDld; fpof;fhf
mike;jpUe;jJ jf;fzg;gFjpahFk;.
90 kpypad; tUlj;jp jf;fzk; efuj;
njhlq;fpaJ vd;gjidf; fz;lefHTf;
fUJNfhs; njspTgLj;jpapUe;jJ.
,e;J rKj;jpuj;jp nfhz;Lthdh gy
rpuha;g;Gf;fshf cile;jjp nkhwp-
rpahf;fz;lj;jpid xU jpzpthf kl;
Lk; nfhs;sKbfpwJ. ,e;jg;gFjp tl
fpof;fhf efHe;J njd;dpe;jpahtpd;
Nkw;Fkiyj;njhlH cjakhtjw;Ff;
fhuzkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. ,j;jifa
efHtpid kDTld; njhlHG gLj;jp
apUe;j nghjpifkiyap nfhz;L
te;J tplg;gl;l ehtha; vd;w kpjf;Fk;
akhdNj. 1864 gpypg; rpNyl;lH (Philip
epyj;jpd; efHthff; nfhs;StJ rhj;jp
Sclater) klf];fhupd; ghY}l;bfs; vd;w
fl;Liuap Ny%H (Njthq;F tif)
vd;w ghY}l;b capupdk; klf];fhup
fhzg;gl;lJ NghyNt njd;,e;jpah
tpd; Nkw;F kiyfspYk; Fkupf;fz;lj;
jpd; fpof;fhfr; Re;jhtp gpwpnjhU
tbtj;jpYk; fhzg;gl;ljh ,j;njhlHG
Vw;gl;ljw;F epyefHTjhd; fhuznkd
cWjpahf ek;GfpwhH. ,JNt kDtpd;
ehtha;f;fhd tpQ;Qhd tpsf;fkhfTk;
nfhs;sKbfpwJ.
(njhlUk;)
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 73 -
- 74 -
jkpoh ngUikAWk; jkpoH
yfr; nrk;nkhopfsp xd;
c whfTk; ,d;wsTk; Ngrg;
gl;L tUfpd;w njhd;ik
nkhopahfTk; jkpo;nkhop rpwg;Gw;wp
Uf;fpd;wJ. jkpo;nkhopiaj; jha;nkhop
ahff; nfhz;NlhH jkpoH vd;Wk;
mtHfs; jhafq;fs; jkpo;ehL> jkpoP
ok; vd;Wk; nkhopapd; ngauhNyNa
Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jkpo; xU nkhop
ahf kl;Lkd;wp> capHg;NghL tho;e;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk; Xupdj;jpd; xg;gw;w Fwp
aPlhfTk; jpfo;fpd;wJ.
khd; vd;w NguhrpupaH Tamil - A biography
,];Nu ehl;ilr; NrHe;j Nltpl; R
vd;w E}iyr; rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G
vOjpapUe;jhH. jkpo;nkhopapd; gy rpwg;
Gfs; Fwpj;J vOjpapUf;Fk; mtH>
‘jkpo; xU nkhopay> mJnthU
gz;ghL’ vd;fpd;whH. njhlHghlYf;
Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w xU nkhop
iag; gz;ghL vdf; Fwpg;gpLtjhapd;
me;j nkhop vj;Jizr; rpwg;igg; ngw;
wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;?
,w;iwf;F %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;F
Kd;dNu jkpo;nkhop gz;ghl;Lr; rpwg;
igg; ngw;Wtpl;lJ. ,d;wsTk; vyh
nkhopfSk; vOj;Jf;Fk; nrhYf;Fk;
,yf;fzk; vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;f> jkpo;
nkhop md;Nw tho;Tf;Fk; ,yf;fzk;
vOjpapUe;jJ. tho;Tk; nkhopAk; ,uz;
lwf; fye;jpUe;jh kl;LNk ,g;NgW
tha;f;fg;ngWk;.
md;Wnjhl;L ,d;Wtiu jkpop vO
jg;gl;l> vOjg;gLfpd;w ,yf;fpag;
gilg;Gfs; gyTk; fw;gid vd;gijf;
fle;J jkpoupd; tho;thfTk; tuyhwh
fTNk fUjg;gLfpd;wd. tho;Nt nkhop
ahfTk; nkhopNa tho;thfTk; ,ize;
jpUf;Fk; epiyapNyNa ,yf;fpaq;fis
tho;tpd; gpk;gq;fshf Nehf;f KbAk;.
tho;tpa Nfhl;ghLfis moFw cy
Ff;F ntspg;gLj;jpa E} jpUf;Fws;.
,f;Nfhl;ghLfs; jkpoH tho;tpaYf;
Fs; ,Ue;J jkpouh jkpop vOjg;
gl;lit. ,JNt jkpo; xU tho;tpa
nkhop vd;gjw;F kpfr; rpwe;j rhd;W.
jpUf;Fwisf; fw;w kfhj;khfhe;jp
‘jpUf;Fws; Njhd;wpa nkhopap ehd;
gpwf;ftpiyNa’ vd tUj;jg;gl;lijg;
gyUk; mwptH.
gy ehLfspYk; tho;e;JtUk; jkpoH
irtk;> itztk;> fpwp];jtk;> ngsj;jk;
cl;glg; gy kjq;fisj; jOtp tho;
fpd;wdH. vdpDk; jkpo; vd;w nkhopj;
njhlHgh Xupdkhfg; gpizf;fg;gl;
Ls;sdH.
jkpoH fhyq;fhykhf nkhoptopahfNt
Ngzg;gl;L ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,d
khtH. jkpouJ tuyhW> gz;ghL>
elj;ijfs;> kuGtopj; njhlHr;rpfs;
vyhNk nkhop topahfNt xt;nthU
jiyKiwf;Fk; vLj;Jr; nryg;gL
fpd;wd. ,it Nghd;w ,dtilah
sq;fs; midj;ijAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;
Fk; ngl;lfkhfTk; nkhopNa jpfo;
fpd;wJ.
‘,dj;ij mopf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; Kj
yp mt;tpdj;jpd; nkhopia mopf;f
Ntz;Lk;’ vd;gNj ,dtopg;ghsupd;
Nfhl;ghL. ,f;Nfhl;ghl;L mbg;gil
ap gytpdq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
vkJ ,dj;jpdJ milahsq;fshd
gz;ghL> fiyfs;> ek;gpf;iffs; gof;f
tof;fq;fs; vd;gtw;NwhL gtifg;
gl;l tuyhWfisAk; ehk; nkhop topah
fNt Ngzp tUfpd;Nwhk;. nkhopNa
xt;nthU jiyKiwf;Fk; ,tw;iwf;
fhtpr; nrfpd;wJ. jkpop vOjg;gl;l
gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fisj; jtpu> vkJ
,d milahsq;fs; vJTk; jkpoH
gpd;gw;Wk; kjq;fsp ,iy. nkhopNa
vyhtw;iwAk; jhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ.
,e;j nkhopr; rpwg;ig czHe;jjhj;
jhd; NguhrpupaH Nltpl; Rkhd; jkpo;
nkhopia ‘xU gz;ghL’ vd;whH.
jkpo;nkhopapd; ngUikiag; ngupJk;
jkpoHfs; czHtjpiy. jpU%yH
‘vd;id ed;whf ,iwtd; gilj;jdd;..
jd;id ed;whfj; jkpo; nra;AkhNw’
vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. jkpio xU
nkhopahff; fUjhk mij xU tho;
thff; fUjpajd; tpisNt ,f;$w;W.
midj;ijAk; Jwe;jnthU rpj;juhfj;
jpfo;e;j jpU%yuh jkpopd; rpwg;
igj; Jwf;f KbahjpUe;jJ.
jpU%yH kl;Lky> jkpop jj;Jtk;
ciuj;j gjpndl;Lr; rpj;jHfSk; Kw;
Wk; Jwe;j JwtpfNs. Mdh> fUj;J
fisr; jj;Jtkhf Ntjhe;jkhf vOjpr;
nrYk; msTf;F jkpiof; fw;Wg;
Gyik ngw;wpUf;fpd;wdH.
gpwg;gh me;jz Fyj;ijr; rhHe;j
Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH ‘ahkwpe;j nkhop
fspNy jkpo;nkhop Ngh ,dpjht
njq;Fk; fhNzhk;’ vd;fpd;whH. Mq;fp-
yk;> gpuQ;R cl;gl> gy ,e;jpa nkhop
fis mwpe;j ghujpahH cs;sij cs;
sthNw $Wfpd;whH.
fpwp];Jt ghjpupahuhd jdpehafk; mb
fshH cyfpd; gy nkhopfis mwpe;
jtH. gy nkhopfspd; ,yf;fzf; fl;
likg;Gfis jkpo;nkhopAld; xg;gpl;L
Nehf;fpatH. mtH ‘ehd; ,Jtiu cy
fpd; gjpdhW nkhopfis mwpe;Js;
Nsd;. vdpDk; jkpo;nkhop Ngh rpwg;G
NtW nkhopfSf;F ,iy’ vd;W Fwpg;
gpLfpd;whH.
fj;Njhypf;f kjj;ijg; gug;Gtjw;Fj;
jkpofk; te;j ghjpupahHfNs jkpo;nkhop
apd; rpwg;ig cyFf;F czHj;jpNahH
MtH. ,tHfsp jkpouhfNt tho;e;j
,j;jhypauhd N[hrg; ng];fp vd;w
tPukhKdptH jkpopd; rpwg;Gfs; Fwpj;
Jg; gy E}fs; vOjpAs;shH.
jha; tPL
jkpiof; fw;Wj; NjHe;j [p.A. Nghg;
vd;w ghjpupahH vd; fyiwap ‘,q;F
xU jkpo; khztd; cwq;Ffpd;whd;’
vd vOJq;fs; vdf; $wpr; nrd;Ws;shH.
nghUshjhur; Ruz;l fUjpf; fPioj;-
Nja ehLfisf; ifg;gw;wpa INuhg;gp
aHfs; jkpo;ehl;b njhd;ikahd
nkhopapd; rpwg;igf; fz;L tpae;J
Nghw;wpAs;sdH. mjd; tpisthfNt
jkpo; ,e;jpa nkhopfsp Kjd;Kj
mr;Nrwpa nkhopahfTk; njhlf;ffh
yj;jpNyNa E}fis mr;rpl;L ntsp
apl;l nkhopahfTk; jpfo;fpd;wJ.
jw;NghJ mnkupf;fh `htl; gfiyf;
fofj;jp jkpo; fw;gpj;JtUk; Nguhrpup
aH N[hH[; fhl; vd;gtUk; n[hdhjd;
upg;Ny vd;gtUk; jkpopd; rpwg;Gfis
cynfq;Fk; $wp tUfpd;wdH.
‘cyfp Njhd;wpa gioa nkhopfspd;
,d;wsTk; Ngrg;gl;LtUk; nkhop jkpo;’
vdg; NguhrpupaH anyf;]; nfhypaH
vd;gtH njuptpj;Js;shH.
nghJthfNt nrk;nkhopj; jFjpf;fhd
mq;fPfhuk; vspjp fpilf;fhJ. Kjyp
me;j nkhopf;Fupa ehL mij mq;fP
fupf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa muR mjw;F
ntFthfNt gpd;dbj;jJ. Mdh jkpo;
nfhz;bUe;j jFjpfs; Fwpj;J N[hHr;
fhl; cs;spl;l cyf mwpQHfs; gyH
ntspapl;l mwpf;iffisj; njhlHe;J
jkpo; nrk;nkhopj; jFjp ngw;wJ.
nghJthf> nrk;nkhopf;F cupa jFjp
fshfg; gjpndhU tplaq;fs; Kd;itf;
fg;gLfpd;wd.
n njhd;ik
n jdpj;jd;ik
n nghJikg; gz;G
n eLT epiyik
n jha;ikg; gz;G
n gz;ghl;Lf; fiy mwpT gl;lwpT
ntspg;ghL
n gpw nkhopj; jhf;fkpyh jd;ik
n ,yf;fpa tsk;
n caH rpe;jid
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- nghd;idah
tpNtfhde;jd; -
n fiy ,yf;fpaj; jdpj;jd;ik
n nkhopf; Nfhl;ghL.
vd;gdNt ,e;jg; gjpndhU jFjpA
khFk;.
jpUf;Fws; ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;Lfs;
goik tha;e;jJ vd;W cWjpg;gLj;
jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpo; njhd;ikr; rpwg;G
tha;e;jJ jkpo; vd;gij cWjpg;g
Lj;j ,JNt NghJkhdJ.
nrk;nkhopj; jFjp ngWtjw;F Vwf;
Fiwa Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; goik
NghJk; vd;Nw tpjpfs; $Wfpd;wd.
vdpDk; tuyhw;Wf;F Kd;gl;l fhye;
njhl;Nl jkpoH nkhop> gz;ghL> kuG
fs; Nghd;wd Njhd;wp tsHe;Js;sd
vd;gij Ma;TfSk; rhd;WfSk; cWjp
nra;fpd;wd.
gjpndhU nrk;nkhopj;jd;ikfisAk;
ngw;wdthfj; jkpopd; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;
fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. vdNt nrk;nkhopj;
jd;ik cila jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fshfr;
rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; mike;Js;sd
vd;gJ Iae;jpupgwj; njupfpd;wJ.
jkpopd; nrk;nkhopj; jd;ikia mwpe;J
czHj;jpa jkpowpQHfSs; Fwpf;fj;
jf;ftHfs; gupjpkh fiyQH> ghth
zH> fhLnt Nghd;w gyH MtH.
,tHfspd; nrk;nkhop gw;wpa fUj;Jf;
fs; gy jpwj;jd. ,tHfs; jUk;
midj;J tiuaiwfSk; jkpOf;F
cs;sd vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj
cz;ik.
2006, jkpo;nkhop nrk;nkhopj; jFjp
ngw;wjd; gpd;dH cyfpd; gy g
fiyf; fofq;fs; jkpo;nkhopiaf; fw;
gpj;J tUfpd;wd. mnkupf;fhtp gy
gfiyf;foq;fsp jkpo; fw;gpf;fg;gpL
fpd;wJ. fdlhtp Muk;g tFg;Gfsp
,Ue;J gfiyf;fofk; tiu murh
jkpo; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. INuhg;gh
vq;Fk; Vwf;Fiwa 40>000 khztHfs;
jkpo; fw;W tUfpd;wdH.
Gfo;ngw;w `hthl; gfiyf;fofj;jp
jkpo; ,Uf;if mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
NtW rpy gfiyf;fofq;fspYk;
,Uf;if mikf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;
nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfp;d;wd. Fwpg;ghf
nuhud;Nuhtp mikj;jpUf;Fk; ];fh-
gNuh gfiyf;fof tshfj;jp jkpo;
,Uf;if mikg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
jkpo;nkhop kl;Lky> jkpoHfspd;
ePz;l tuyhw;W kuGfSk; gy Ma;tp
a mwpQHfis jkpopdj;jpd; gf;fk;
jpUg;gpAs;sd.
cynfq;Fk; thOk; nkhopapayhsHfs;
gyUk; jw;NghJ jkpo;nkhopapd; njhd;
ikiaAk; ngUikiaAk; czHe;J
ntspg;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpAs;sdH.
jkpopdj;Jf;Fg; ngUik NrHj;JtUk;
xg;gw;w nkhop jkpo;nkhop. xU jha;
jhd; ngw;w gps;isfisg; Nghw;wpf;
fhg;gJ Ngh jkpo; jkpoHfisf;
fhj;J tUfpd;wJ. jha;nkhopah ngU
ikAWk; jkpoHfspd; jiyaha fld;
jha;j;jkpiog; Nghw;wpg;
NgZtNj.
vivekanandan.p@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 75 -
- 76 -
jkpopa Ma;Tfs; - tuyhWk; tsHr;rpAk;
fs; Kj 50-60fs; tiu
1920 yhw;wpNy ‘jkpo; ,yf;
ahd jkpo; Ma;tpa tu
fs;’ gw;wpa ghHitap ‘,yf;fpa tu
fpa - ,yf;fzf; ftpapd; ,aq;F epiy
yhW> ,yf;fz tuyhW Mfpad rhH
,aq;Fepiyfis Nehf;fp tUfpNwhk;.
jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW vd;w jiyg;
gpyhd E}fis vOJk; Kaw;rpfs;
1930fspypUe;J njhlq;Ffpd;wd vd;
gJk; NguhrpupaHfs; gyH ,t;tif
Kaw;rpfsp <Lgl;bUe;jdH vd;gJk;
Kd;ida fl;Liuap gjpthfpa nra;
jpfshFk;. mt;thW mtHfs; Nkw;
nfhz;l Kaw;rpfspd; Ngwhf ntsp
‘,yf;fpa Mf;fq;fis mit vOe;j
te;j Mf;fq;fSs; Fwpj;j rpy kl;LNk>
fhyr; r%f-gz;ghl;Lr; #ofspd; gpd;
Gyj;Jld; njhlHGWj;jp Nehf;f Kw;
gl;lit’ MFk;. mt;thwike;jtw;Ws;
Kf;fpakhd ,U E}fs; gw;wpa
Fwpg;GfSld; ,f;fl;Liu njhlHfpwJ.
,t;tifap ,q;F ekJ ftdj;Jf;F
tUk; ,U E}fSs; xd;W> Nguhrpup
jkpopay; Ma;Tfs;: 07
aH tp. nrtehafk; mtHfspd; jkpo;
,yf;fpa tuyhW (1951) MFk;. ,d;
ndhd;W> NguhrpupaH M. NtYg;gps;is
atHfspd; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jp fhy
Kk; fUj;Jk; (1969) vd;w Mf;fkhFk;.
NguhrpupaHfs; tp. nrtehafk;> M.
NtYg;gps;is ,UtUk; <oj;jtHfs;
vd;gJk; NguhjidapYs;s ,yq;ifg;
gfiyf;fofj;jp jkpo;j; Jiwap
gzpahw;wpatHfs; vd;gJk; nghJthf
mwpag;gl;l nra;jpfshFk;. NtYg;-
gps;isatHfs; gpd;dhsp aho;g;ghzg;
gfiyf;fofj;jpd; jkpo;j; Jiwap
Yk; gzpahw;wpAs;shH. nrtehafk
tHfs; Nkw;gb E}ypd; gpd;dH jkpo;
ciueil tuyhW (1957) vd;w xU
E}iyAk; vOjpAs;shH.
NguhrpupaH M. NtYg;gps;isatHfs;
rhrdtpa vd;w JiwapYk; <LghL
fhl;b epd;wtH vd;gij Kd;dNu Nehf;
fpAs;Nshk;. NkYk; ,tH jkpopyf;fzj;
JiwapYk; ftdk; nrYj;jp epd;wtuh
thH. jkpo; tuyhw;wpyf;fzk; (1966)
vd;w jiyg;gp mtnuOjpa Mf;fk;
jkpo; ,yf;fz tuyhW vd;w ghlj;J
iwrhHe;j Kf;fpa Kd;Ndhb Mf;f
khFk;. ,it ,t;tpU Ma;thsHfis
Ak; gw;wpa nghJ mwpKff; Fwpg;G
fshFk;. ,dp ,tHfspd; ,yf;fpa
tuyhW rhH E}fis Nehf;FNthk;.
,t;tifap Kjyp nrtehafktH
fspd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW vd;w
E} ekJ ftdj;Jf;F tUfpd;wJ.
,e;E} jkpopd; xl;Lnkhj;j ,yf;
fpag; gug;igAk; rq;ffhyk;> rq;fkU
tpafhyk;> gytH fhyk;> NrhoHfhyk;>
ehaf;fHfhyk;> INuhg;gpaH fhyk;>
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L vd VO tuyhw;
Wf; fl;lq;fshf tifg;gLj;jp vLj;J
iuj;Js;sJ. ,f;fhyg;gFjpfs; xt;
nthd;wpDilaTkhd murpaepiy
fs;> r%f - gz;ghl;Lf;Nfhyq;fs; vd;g
tw;iwg; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fis Kjyp
je;J> mtw;wpd; jsj;jp vt;ntt;
tif ,yf;fpaq;fs; cUthapd vd;
gij vLj;Jiuf;Fk; Kiwap ,e;
E}ypd; tuyhw;Wg; ghHit mike;jJ.
,t;tifap 2000 Mz;LfSf;F Nkw;
gl;l jkpopyf;fpa tuyhw;wpd; ,aq;F
epiyapd; mwhj; njhlHr;rpia xU
NeHNfhl;b ,e;E} ekJ juprdj;
Jf;F ,l;L te;jJ. Nkw;gb xt;nthU
fhyg;gFjpapd; tuyhw;Wr; #ofs;
kw;Wk; mtw;wpD}lhd ,yf;fpa tu
yhw;W ,aq;Fepiyfs; Mfpad gw;wpa
rpy Fwpg;Gfis ,q;F vLj;Jiug;gJ
Nkw;gb E}gw;wpa GupjYf;F mtrpa
khfpwJ.
NguhrpupaH tp. nrtehafktHfspd;
jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW - me;E} mil
ahsg;gLj;jpAs;s ,yf;fpa tuyhw;W
,aq;Fepiyfs;
rq;ffhyk; vd;gJ jkpopyf;fpa tuyhw;
wpd; njhlf;f fhykhFk;. ,J Vwj;jho
fp.K 3Mk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J fp.gp.
3Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuahd fhyg;
gFjpia cs;slf;fpajhFk;. NrhoH>
NruH> ghz;baH Mfpa %Nte;jHfSk;
ghup> Ngfd; Kjypa ts;sfSk;
tho;e;j #oyhf mwpag;gLk; fhyg;
“
,q;F mOj;jpg; Ngrg;glNtz;ba tplak; <uhapuk;
Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf jkpopyf;fpaq;fs; cUthfpte;j
Kiwikia fhy fl;lq;fshf tFj;J xNu
NeHNfhl;b ‘rq;fpypj; njhlHNghy’ milahsq;
fhl;baikahFk;. xU fhyfl;lj;Jf;Fk; ,d;ndhU
fhyfl;lj;Jf;Fkpilapyhd njhlHGfs; vj;jifad
vd;gij thrfHfs; ,ad;wtiu njspthfg;
Gupe;Jnfhs;Sk; tifap ,iagpj;Jf; fhl;bAs;s
Kiwikapd; rpwg;igr; Rl;lNt ,q;F rq;fpypj;njhlH
vd;w nrh gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ..
gFjp> ,J. Nkw;gb %Nte;jHfSk;
jkpo;r; rq;fq;fis - GytH mitfis
- epWtpj; jkpo; tsHj;J te;Js;sdH
vd ,yf;fpa - ,yf;fz E}fspw;
Ngrg;gl;Lte;j nra;jpfNs mf;fhyg;
gFjpiar; rq;ffhyk; vd milahsg;
gLj;jpajw;fhd mbg;gilfshFk;.
mf;fhyg;gFjpap xsitahH> fgpyH>
guzH> ef;fPuH> muprpfpohH Kjyhd
ehD}Wf;F Nkw;gl;l GytH ngUkf;fs;
tho;e;J ,yf;fpak; gilj;jdH. jkp
opd; rq;f ,yf;fpak; vd milahsg;
gLj;jg;gLk; vl;Lj;njhif kw;Wk; gj;
Jg;ghl;L Mfpa njhFg;Gfspyike;j
gjpndl;L Mf;fq;fsp kpfg; ngUk;
ghyhdit (mjhtJ fypj;njhif> gup
ghl kw;Wk; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil Mfp
ad jtpHe;j gjpide;J E}fs;) mg;
GytH ngUkf;fspd; Mf;fq;fNsahFk;.
,t;tpyf;fpag;gug;gp xU gFjp fhj
vdg;gLk; Mz;-ngz; cwTepiy rhHe;j
mEgt epiyfis cs;slf;fq;fshff;
nfhz;litahFk;. ,it mfj;jpiz
,yf;fpaq;fs; vd milahsg;gLj;jg;
gLtd. ,d;ndhU gFjp Mf;fq;fs;
r%f - nghUspa #ofs; kw;Wk;
gz;ghLrhH mk;rq;fs; Mfpad rhHe;j
czHTepiyfspd; ntspg;ghLfshf
mike;jitahFk;. ,t;tif ntspg;
ghLfs; Gwj;jpiz ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;w
milahsj;ijg; ngw;wd.
fp.gp. 3Mk; E}w;whz;bw;Fk; 6Mk;
E}w;whz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gF
tpa fhyk; vdg;gl;lJ. ‘rq;fkUtpa’
jpNa nrtehafktHfsh rq;fkU
vd;wnrh rq;ffhyj;ijr; rhHe;J -
mjd;njhlHr;rpahf - mike;j fhyg;
gFjp vd;w nghUisj; jUtJ. gz;
ila %Nte;jH guk;giufs; typik
Fd;wpa #oyp fsg;gpuH vdg;gLk;
maytHfs; jkpofj;jpd; gy gFjpfsp
jha; tPL
- Nrho> ghz;ba epyq;fsp - Mjpf;
fk; nrYj;jp epd;w fhyfl;lkhf mwp
ag;gLk; fhyg;gFjp ,J.
,f;fyg;gFjpapNyNa jpUf;Fws;> ehy
bahH> ehd;kzpf;fbif> Ie;jpiz Ik;
lf;fpajhd ‘gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F’
gJ> fhHehw;gJ Kjypatw;iw cs;s
vd;w E}w;gug;Gk; mwE}fSk; rpyg;g-
jpfhuk; kw;Wk; kzpNkfiy Mfpa
jkpopd; Kjw; Ngupyf;fpaq;fSk; njh
ypyf;fz E}fshd njhfhg;gpak;
kw;Wk; ,iwadhH fstpa Mfpad
Tk; Nkw;gb fstpaypd; ciuAk; vOe;
jd vd;gJ nrtehafktHfs; jUk;
Kf;fpa nra;jpahFk;. Nkw;gb Mf;fq;
fs; kl;Lkd;wp> irt - itzt gf;fp
,af;fq;fspd; Kd;Ndhb Kaw;rpfshd
fhiuf;fhyk;ikahH ghlfs; kw;Wk;
”
Kjyho;thH %tHfspd; ghlfs; Mfp
adTk; ,f;fhyg; gFjpf;FupadthfNt
mtuh fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkw;gb
Mf;fq;fs; vOtjw;fhd tuyhw;Wg;
gpd;Gy mk;rq;fSk; ,q;F vLj;Jiuf;
fg;gLfpd;wd.
NguhrpupaH nrtehafktHfsh g
tHfhyk; vdg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpahdJ
fp.gp. 6Mk; E}w;whz;L Kj 9Mk;
E}w;whz;L tiahd Ke;E}W Mz;L
fisf; nfhz;l fhyg;gFjpahFk;. jkp
of tuyhw;wpNy gytH vd;w murku
gpdH fp.gp 6Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;Ng
fhgjpj;Jtpl;ldH vdpDk; mtHfs;
NguurHfshf vOr;rpAw;W tljkpofk;
KOtjpYk; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp epd;w
fhyg;gFjp> fp.gp 600-900 fhyg; gFjp
NaahFk;. Vwj;jhor; rkfhyj;jp njd;
jkpofj;jpNy ghz;baH fsg;gpuu;
fisj; Njhw;fbj;J vOr;rpngw;W Ml;rp
nrYj;jp epd;wdH vd;gJk; ,q;F ekJ
ftdj;Jf;Fupa tuyhw;wk;rkhFk;.
Nkw;gb fhyg;gFjpapNy jkpopd; njhd;
Gf;Fupa ‘jpUKiw - jpt;agpuge;jj;
ikahd gf;jpapyf;fpaq;fs; vd;w fzpg;
njhFg;Gfspd; kpfg; ngUk; gFjpg;
ghlfs; vOe;Js;sd. ,it Fwpg;
ghf> ehad;khHfs; vdg;gLk; jpUeh
Tf;furH> jpUQhd rk;ge;jH> Re;juH>
kzpthrfH kw;Wk; Mo;thHfshd ngup
aho;thH> Mz;lhs;> jpUkq;if kd;dH>
FyNrfuho;thH> jpUg;ghz Mo;thH>
ek;kho;thH KjypNahuh gf;jpAzH
Tld; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;litahFk;.
,it jtpu gf;jp epiy rhuhj Mf;fq;
fs; vd;w tifap jf^H ahj;jpiu>
gpk;gprhu fij> ghuj ntz;gh> ngUq;
fij> ghz;bf;Nfhit> ee;jpf;fyk;gfk;>
ghuj ntz;gh Kjypa NtWgy Mf;
fq;fSk; ,f;fhyj;jp vOe;Js;sd.
,t;thwhd ,yf;fpa Mf;fq;fs; vOe;j
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- eh. Rg;gpukzpad; -
#ofs; gw;wpa tptuzq;fs; kw;Wk;
,tw;wpd; fl;likg;G epiyfs;> czHT
kw;Wk; czHr;rp mk;rq;fs; Mfpad
gw;wpa kjpg;gPLfs; Kjypatw;iw cs;
tHfspd; ,f;fhyfl;lk; gw;wpa - mjh
slf;fpajhf NguhrpupaH nrtehafk
tJ gytH fhyk; gw;wpa - tuyhw;Wg;
ghHit mike;Js;sJ.
NguhrpupauJ Nkw;gb ,yf;fpa tuyhw;
Wg; ghHitapNy NrhoHfhyk; vd;gJ
fp.gp 900 Kj 1300 tiuahd fhyg;
gFjpia cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ,e;ePz;l
fhyg;gFjpahdJ Kjyhk; guhe;jf
Nrhod; (fp.gp.907-953)> Kjyhk; ,uh[-
uh[d; (fp.gp. 985-1014)> Kjyhk; ,uh-
N[e;jpd; (1014-1044)> Kjyhk; FNyhj;
Jq;fd; (fp.gp.1070-1112) Kjyhd ngU
kd;dHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpfis
cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ,tHfSs; ,uh[
uh[Dk; ,uhN[e;jpuDk; jkpofk; KO
tijAk; jkJ Ml;rpf;Ff; fPo; nfhz;L
te;jNjhL - mjw;fg;ghYk; - fl fle;
Jk; $l Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jpatHfs;
vd;w ngUikf;F cupatHfshtH.
(jkpof tuyhw;wpNy FsKw;wj;Jj; JQ;
rpa fps;sptstd;> fupfhw; ngUtsj;
jhd;> Nfhg;ngUQ;Nrhod; Kjypa gy
Nrho kd;dHfis ehk; rq;f ,yf;
fpaq;fspd; Clhf mwpNthk;. rq;f
fhyr; NrhoUf;Fg;gpd; ePz;l fhy - 600
Nkw;gl;l Mz;Lf;fhy - ,ilntspf;Fg;
gpd; ekJ ftdj;Jf;F tUk; ,uz;lh
tJ fl;lr; Nrhog; ngUkd;dHfNs ,tH
fs;. Nkw;gb guhe;jfdpd; ghl;ldhd
tp[ahya Nrhod; vd;ghNd ,e;j
,uz;lhtJ fl;lr; Nrho kugpd; Kd;
Ndhbahthd;. ,td; fp.gp.850 fhyg;
gFjpap Kj;jiuaH vd;w mur Fyj;
jpduplkpUe;J jQ;rhT+iuf; ifg;gw;wp>
,t;tpuz;lhtJ fl;lr; Nrho vOr;rpf;F
mj;jpthukpl;lhd;. mtdJ kfdhd
Mjpj;jd; vd;ghd;. Nrhoehl;bd; kPJ
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp epd;w gytiu
fp.gp. 990fsp Njhw;fbj;Jr; NrhoH
vOr;rpf;F toptFj;jtd;. ,it Nkw;
gb NrhokuG gw;wpa Nkyjpf Gupj
fSf;fhd tuyhw;Wj; jftfshFk;.)
Nkw;gb ,uz;lhtJ fl;lr; Nrhouhl;rp
epytpa 400f;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;Lf;
fhyg;gFjpap jkpofk; nghUspa
kw;Wk; fiyg; NgZif Mfpatw;wp
ngU tsHr;rpfisf; fz;l fhyg;gF
jpahf mwpag;gLfpwJ. Fwpg;ghfg; gz;
ilj; jkpopyf;fpa ,yf;fz Mf;fq;
fs; gyTk; mope;J Nghfhk kPl;nlLf;
fg;gl;Lj; njhFf;fg;gl;l fhyg; gFjp
ahfTk; Gjpatif ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz
Mf;fq;fs; gy vOjg;gl;l fhyg;gFjp
ahfTk; ,J mwpag;gLfpwJ.
Gjpatif ,yf;fpa - ,yf;fz Mf;
fq;fs; vd;wtifap Fwpg;ghf> rPtf
rpe;jhkzp> ngupaGuhzk;> fk;guhkh
azk; Kjypa Ngupyf;fpaq;fSk; cyh>
guzp> gps;isj;jkpo; Kjyhd tif
fspyhd gy rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSk; tPuNrh
opak;> ed;D} Kjypa ,yf;fz Mf;
fq;fSk; vOe;j fhyg;gFjp ,J. mj;
Jld; gz;ila Mf;fq;fSf;F ciu
fs; gy (c+k;: njhfhg;gpa ,sk;
G+uzUiu> ahg;gUq;fy tpUj;jpAiu
Kjypa NgUiufs;) vOjg;gl;l fhyg;
gFjpahfTq; $l ,jid ehkwpfpNwhk;.
rptQhdNghjk;> rptQhd rpj;jpahH>
rptg;gpufhrk; Kjyhd nka;fz;l rh];
jpuk; vd;w tifapyhd Mf;fq;fSq;$l
,f;fhyg;gFjpapd; ntspg;ghLfNsahk;.
njhlu;jy; 77k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
jkpopa Ma;Tfs;...
76k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
NguhrpupaH nrtehafktHfs; Nkw;gb
NrhoHfhyk; vd;w jiyg;gpyhd gFjp
apNy ,t;thwhd ,f;fhyfl;l ,yf;
fpa-,yf;fz ,aq;Fepiyfs; gw;wp
gyepiyj; juTfisAk; njhif tif
nra;J jUtNjhL mit gw;wpa kjpg;
gPLfisAq;$l rpwg;ghfg; gjpT nra;
Js;shH.
nrtehafktHfspd; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;
Wg; ghHitapNy ehaf;fH fhyk;>
INuhg;gpaH fhyk; vdg;gLk; fhyg;gFjp
fs; KiwNa 14Mk; E}w;wz;L Kj
17Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuahd fhyg;
gFjpiaAk; 18Mk; E}w;whz;L Kj
19Mk; E}w;whz;L KbT tiuahd
fhyg; gFjpiaAk; Rl;b epw;gdthFk;.
,f;fhyg;gFjpapd; murpaw;#o njhlH
,it> ‘jkpoH jk;kurpoe;J gpwUila
ghf Kjypw; Fwpg;gplNtz;ba mk;rk;
- gpwnkhopapdH kw;Wk;gpw ehl;bdH
MfpNahUila - Nkyhjpf;fq;fSf;F
cl;gl;bUe;j fhyg;gFjpfs;’ vd;gjhFk;.
gpwnkhopapdH vd;gJ ,q;F Fwpg;
ghfj; njYq;Fnkhop NgRNthuhd
ehaf;fHfisr; Rl;bepw;fpwJ. ,tHfs;
jkpofj;jpd; tlf;fpYs;s Me;jpuk; kw;
Wk; njYq;fhdh khepyq;fisr; rhHe;
NjhuhtH. 14Mk; E}w;whz;bNy Nkw;gb
khepyg;gFjpfsp vOr;rpngw;w tp[a
efug; Nguurp Kf;fpa gq;F tfpj;j
ehaf;fHfs; 15> 16Mk; E}w;whz;Lfsp
njw;fpYs;s jkpof kz;zp nr
thf;Fr; nrYj;j Kw;gl;ldH vd;gJk;
jpUr;rp> kJiu Kjypa gFjpfsp
Ml;rpajpfhuq;fis epWtpf; nfhz;l
tHfs; vd;gJk; tuyhW jUk; nra;jp.
,tHfsJ fhyg;gFjpap ,];yhkpaH.
kuhl;baH vd;NghUk; jkpofj;jpd; rpy
gFjpfsp FbNawp Ml;rp nrYj;jpAk;
te;Js;sdH. ,];yhkpaH vd;Nghupd;
Mjpf;fkhdJ 1311Mk; Mz;ilaLj;J
myhTjPd; fp[p vd;w byp R
jhDila jsgjpahfpa khypf;fG+H
vd;ghd; Nkw;nfhz;l ngUk; gilna
Lg;gpd; njhlHr;rpahf Vw;gl;ljhFk;.
,g;gilj;jiytd; 1311, kJiuap
ghz;bauhl;rpia tPo;j;jp ntw;wp ngw;
whd; vd;gJk; mjidj;njhlHe;J mg;
gilnaLg;ghsHfspd; thupRfs; gy
Mz;L;fhyk; jkpofj;jp gy gFjpf
sp Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp epd;wdH vd;g
Jk; tuyhW jUk; nra;jpahFk;. kuhl;
baH vdg;gLNthH ,d;iwa Kk;ig
khepyk; rhHe;j r%fj;jpdH MtH.
,tHfs; 17Mk; E}w;whz;b jQ;rhT+
iuf; ifg;gw;wp Ml;rpia epWtpdH.
NkNy gpwehl;bdH vd;wJ NghHj;Jf;fP
rH> xyhe;jH> Nldp\;fhuH> Mq;fpNy
aH kw;Wk; gpuhd;]paH Mfpa INuhg;-
gpaiuf; Fwpg;gpLtjhFk;. ,tHfs;
jkpofj;jpw;F 16-17Mk; E}w;whz;Lfsp
tzpf Nehf;fp tUif je;jtHfshtH.
,tHfSs; Mq;fpNyaUk; gpuhd;]paUk;
gpd;dhsp jkpofj;jpd; murpayhjpf;
fj;ijg; ngWk; Nehf;fp ehaf;fHfs;
kw;Wk; ,];yhkpauhd ethg;Gfs;>
kuhl;baH Mfpa cs;ehl;L Ml;rpahsH
fis typik Fd;wr;nra;J Ml;rpajp
fhuq;fisg; gw;wpf;nfhz;ldH. Vwj;
jho 20Mk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjp
tiu ,tHfspd; Mjpf;fNk jkpofj;
jp njhlHe;jJ.
,t;thwhf jkpoH jk;kurpoe;J epd;w
Nkw;gb ePz;lfhyg;gFjpNa ehaf;fH
fhyg;gFjp vdg;gLk;. 17Mk; E}w;
whz;L; tiuahd fhyg;gFjpap jkpop
yf;fpa Mf;fq;fs; vd;w tifap
ekJ ftdj;Jf;F tUgit rptg;gpu-
fhrH> FkuFUguH> mUzfpupehjH> tp-
ypGj;J}uH> jj;JtuhaH> fhsNkfg;GytH
2020
KjypatHfspd; Mf;fq;fNsahFk;.
,it jtpu ngUe;njhifahd ciu
E}fSk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpap vOe;jd.
Nkw;Rl;ba rptg;gpufhrH> FkuFUguH
KjypatHfspd; ,yf;fpa Mf;fq;fs;
rPtf rpe;jhkzp> fypq;fj;Jg;guzp>
ngupaGuhzk;> fk;guhkhazk; Kjypa
NrhoHfhy Mf;fq;fspw; Gyg;gLk;
,yf;fpa mofpa epiyfspdpd;W rpw;
rpy mk;rq;fsp FiwghLiladth
Wl;gyTk; cs;slf;f epiyfsp ‘$wp
Fk; vd;gJ ntspg;gil. mjhtJ ,tw;
ait $wf’shfTk;> Kd;ida E}
kPz;Lk; ntspg;gLj;JtdthfTk; ‘nrh
fs; jUk; mEgtq;fisNa kPz;Lk;
yyq;fhu’q;fs; Kjyhd cj;jpKiw
fSf;F Kf;fpakspg;gitahfTk; cU
thditahFk;. ,t;thwhd Mf;fKiw
‘Njf;fepiy’ahfTk; ‘tul;rpepiy’ahf
ikahdJ gilg;ghf;f tuyhw;wp xU
Tk; $lf; fzpf;fg;gLtjhFk;.
Nkw;Rl;bathwhd Njf;fepiy kw;Wk;
tul;rpepiy rhH ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wr;
#oiy rupahd tifap milahsq;
fz;L fhl;ba tifapNyNa nrt-
ehafktHfspd; Nkw;gb ehaf;fHfhyk;
vd;w fhyg;gFg;GrhH ghHitahdJ
Kf;fpaj;JtKilajhfpwJ. mtH ,f;
gb epiyfSf;fhd fhuzpfisr; ‘rk
fhyfl;l ,yf;fpar; nrnewpapd; Nkw;
ar;rhHG> jj;Jtr;rhHG> gioik Nghw;
Wk; gz;G’vd;gdthf milahsq; fhl;
bAs;shH. ,t;thwd gz;Gfs; mf;
fhy ,yf;fpag;gilg;ghspfs; kj;jp
ap cUthdikf;fhd fhuzpfshd
murpa gz;ghl;Lr; #ofisAk;
mtH RUf;fkhf vLj;Jiuj;Js;shH.
INuhg;gpaH fhyg;gFjp vdg;gLk; 18-
19Mk; E}w;whz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpap
jkpopyf;fpa ,aq;Fepiyfs; vd;w
tifap Fwpg;ghf ,U tplaq;fs;
Kf;fpakhdit. mtw;Wnshd;W kughd
nra;As;tif Mf;fq;fs; kl;Lkd;wp
ehlfg;ghq;fhd vOj;JfSk; ciueil
,d;ndhd;W> ‘mr;R ,ae;jpu’tUif
E}fSk; gutyhf vOe;jikahFk;.
ah E}YUthf;f Kiwfsp Vw;gl;l
khw;wk; MFk;. ,k; khw;wk; INuhg;gp
aH tUifah jkpo; va;jpa ngU
ed;ikfspnyhd;whFk;. ,it gw;wpa
tpsf;fq;fis NguhrpupaH nrtehaf
ktHfs; INuhg;gpaH fhyk; vd;w fhyg;
gFg;gpNy rpwg;ghfr; Rl;br;nrfpwhH.
,e;E}yp ,Wjpg;gFjpahf mike;j
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L vd;w ,ayhdJ
jkpopd; etPd ,yf;fpag; gug;gpd;
Njhw;wk;> njhlHr;rp vd;gd gw;wpa RUf;
fkhd njhFepiyf; Fwpg;ghFk;. mjh
tJ k`hftp ghujpahH njhlf;fpitj;j
etftpij kuG kw;Wk; gp.MH. ,uh[-
ikaH> m. khjitah> t.NtR IaH>
GJikg;gpj;jd;> F.g.uh[Nfhghyd; Kj
ypatHfsh njhlf;fpitf;fg;gl;l
Gidfij kuGfs; Mfpad gw;wpa Kf;
fpa juTfisAk; mt;tif Mf;fq;
fs; gw;wpa RUf;fkhd kjpg;gPl;Lf;
Fwpg;GfisAk; $l cs;slf;fpajhf
,e;j ,Wjpapa mike;Js;sJ.
,J> NguhrpupaH nrtehafktHfspd;
jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW vd;w E}
gw;wpa kpfr; RUf;fkhd njhFepiyf;
Fwpg;G kl;LNkahFk;.
,e;E}ypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;wtifap
,q;F mOj;jpg; Ngrg;gl Ntz;ba
tplak; <uhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf
jkpopyf;fpaq;fs; cUthfpte;j Kiw
NeHNfhl;b ‘rq;fpypj; njhlHNghy’
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- 77 -
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toq;fpa ‘NguhrpupaH tp. nrtheha-
ehafk; fl;Liufs; (2004) vd;w E}Yf;F
fj;ijj; njupe;Jnfhs;s’ vd;w mwp
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(njhlUk;)
subramanian.n@thaiveedu.com
- 78 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 79 -
- 80 -
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
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2020
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4 fpU\;zh Nfhjhtupg; gs;sj;jhf;fp
fPior;rhSf;fpaH (620-1000)
4 thuq;f vd;w ,lj;ijr; rhHe;J cl;
Gwkhf fhfjPaH (1000-1300)
n fHehlfk;
4 thjhgpiag; jiyeffuhff; nfhz;L
Nkiyr;rhSf;fpaH (500-700)
4 n`ha;rsH (1000-1300)
n jkpo;ehL
4 gytg; NguuR (300 -900) fhQ;rp
iaj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;lJ.
4 Nrhog;NguuR (800 -1200) jQ;rhT+H
jiyikaplk;
Ancient Srilanka : Glimpses of the past vd;fpw fh. ,e;jpughyh vOjpa E}yp ,Ue;J ,g;glk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
4 ghz;baH (600 -1300) kJiu
4 NruHfs;: Nrutk;rk;> FyNrfuH tk;
rk; vd;gd jpUtde;jGuj;ij jiy
efuhff; nfhz;ld (4 -12 Mk; E}w;
whz;Lfs;)
jkpofj;jpd; epytiuig Nkw;Fwpj;j
NguuRfs; ehd;F njspthd gpupTfsh
fg; gpupj;jpUe;jd. Fwpj;jnthU NguuR
vOr;rpngWk; NghJ gpwgFjpfis
tpOq;fpf; nfhz;L viyia tpupthf;
fpaJ. viyfs; RUq;fpAk; tpupe;Jk;
khwpf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ,g;gpupTfshtd:
n njhz;il kz;lyk; - fhQ;rp
efH
n ghz;b ehL - kJiu
n NrhoehL - jQ;rhT+H> ciwA+H
(jpUr;rp)
n NruehL - jpUtde;jGuk; Nkw;Ff;
flw;fiu rhHe;j gFjp.
njd;dpe;jpahtpd; gFjpahd jkpofk;
,yq;ifAld; nfhz;bUe;j cwTfis
mLj;Jg; ghHg;Nghk;.
njd;dpe;jpahTk;
,yq;ifAk;: fp.gp 7Mk;
E}w;whz;bw;Fg; gpe;jpa
epiy:
jkpofj;jp Vw;gl;l tsHr;rpfisg; gw;
wpAk; 7Mk; E}w;whz;b gytg; Ngu-
uR fhQ;rpia jiyefuhff; nfhz;L
vOr;rp ngw;wijAk; Kjyp vLj;Jf;
$wpNdhk;. mLj;jjhf Me;jpuk;> fHeh-
lfk;> Nfusk; Mfpa gFjpfisAk;
jkpofj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpa tpupe;j
ngUtyaj;jp 7 Kj 13Mk; E}w;
whz;L tiuahd tsHr;rpfis vLj;
Jf;$wpNdhdk;. mLj;J njd;dpe;jpah
tpYk;> Fwpg;ghf jkpofj;jp Vw;gl;l
tsHr;rpfspd; jhf;fk; mayp cs;s
,yq;ifap vj;jifa tpisTfis
Vw;gLj;jpaJ vd;gij Nehf;FNthk;.
,t;tplak; gw;wp ehk; NguhrpupaH fh.
,e;jpughyh mtHfs; $wpapUf;Fk; Kf;
fpakhd fUj;njhd;iwf; ftdpg;Nghk;.
‘Vohk; E}w;whz;L ,yq;if cs;sf mu
rpa gpur;rpidfsh Fog;gk; kpFe;J
fhzg;gl;lJ. mDuhjGuj;jpd; Ml;rp
ahsHfs; jkf;F tlf;fpYk; njw;fpYk;
,Ue;j Ml;rpahsHfis fl;Lg;gLj;J
tjp f\;lq;fis vjpHnfhz;ldH.
mtHfs; vjpupfshd Ml;rpahsHfspd;
jiy
jhf;Fjfis mbf;fb vjpHnfhs;s
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Vohk; E}w;whz;bd;
eLg;gFjpap mDuhjGuj;jpd; ,stu
rdhd khdtHkd; vd;ghd; njd;dpe;jp
ahtpd; gyt ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; jiyef
uhd fhQ;rp efUf;F jg;gp Xbr; nrd;
whd;. murhl;rpia ifg;gw;Wk; Nguh
irah ce;jg;gl;l khdtHkd; Kjyp
jg;gp Xbr;nrd;W tlf;fp rpy fhyk;
xope;jpUe;jhd;. gpd;dH mtd; gyt
ehl;bw;F jg;gpr; nrd;W jd; FLk;gj;
- 81 -
- f. rz;Kfypq;fk; -
Jld; gy Mz;Lfhyk; jq;fp ,Ue;J>
(,yq;ifapd;) Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;W
Ue;jhd;.’ (Ancient Sri Lanka Glimpses of
tjw;fhd jUzk; tUk;tiu fhj;jp
the Past - gf;.69).
,f;$w;wp ,Ue;J vkf;Fj; njupatUk;
,uz;L cz;ikfis mLj;J Nehf;F
Nthk;.
n cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gq;fsh mDuhj
Guk; mikjpaw;W epiy jsk;gpagb
,Ue;jJ.
n khdtHkd; vd;w ,sturd; gy
tHfsplk; jQ;rkile;J tho;e;jhd;.
mq;F jupj;jpUe;J Ml;rpiag; gpbf;
ff;fhj;jpUe;jhd;.
khdtHkdpd; ,yl;rpak; ,Wjpap epiw
NtwpaJ. mtDf;F gyt kd;dd;
Kjyhk; eurpk;ktHkd; gilnahd;iwf;
nfhLj;J cjtpdhd;. khdtHkd; mD
uhjGuj;ijf; ifg;gw;wp 35 Mz;Lfs;
Ml;rp nra;jhd;. mtDk; mtd; gpd;
te;NjhUk; gyt murHfspd; el;igg;
ngw;W> cs;ehl;b mikjpiag; Ngzp
Ml;rp nra;jdH. 7Mk; E}w;whz;L Kj
Vwf;Fiwa 200 Mz;L fhyk; ,yq;-
ifap mikjp epytpaJ.
khdtHkd; Ml;rp -
,yq;if tuyhw;wp xU
jpUg;GKid:
khdtHkd; Ml;rp gytg; Nguurpd;
gilAjtpAld; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. mtd;
gytHfis type;J ,Oj;J te;jhd;.
MapDk; 200 Mz;LfSf;F Nk ehl;
b mikjp epyTtjw;F mbj;jskpl;
lhd; khdtHkd;. khdtHkd; njd;dpe;
jpahtpw;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilapyhd
(Qualitative Change) Vw;gLj;jpdhd;. ,e;
cwTfsp xU gz;G khw;wj;ij
jg; gz;G khw;wk; ahJ vd;gijg;
ghHg;Nghk;.
‘... No king of a South Indian Kingdom
sent an Invading Army to Sri Lanka until
the Seventh Century’ (gf;. 69). ,e;jpu-
ghyh mtHfs; Nkw;fz;lthW $wpAs;
shH. mf;$w;wpd; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G
tUkhW. ‘7 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu
njd;dpe;jpahtpd; ve;jnthU murdhtJ
,yq;iff;F Mf;fpukpg;G gilia
mDg;gpaNj fpilahJ.’
khdtHkd; jhd; tuyhw;wp Kj jl
itahf ,yq;iff;F njd;dpe;jpa mu
rd; xUtid Mf;fpukpg;Gg; gilAld;
tur; nra;jhd;. mt;thwhapd; 7Mk;
E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;dH njd;dpe;jpag;
gilnaLg;Gfs; ,Uf;ftpiy vd;W
fh. ,e;jpughyh mtHfs; $wfpd;whuh
vd;w tpdh vOfpd;wJ. Mk;. mtH mf;
fUj;ijNa $wpAs;shH. mtH ,t;tpl
ak; gw;wpf; $wpapUg;gtw;iwg; gpd;tU
njhlu;jy; 82k; gf;fk;
- 82 -
njd;dpe;jpahTk;...
81k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
khW njhFj;Jf; $wyhk;.
n tuyhw;wpd; Muk;g fhyk; njhl;Nl
njd;dpe;jpahtpd; rpw;wuRfSlDk;
,uhr;rpaq;fSlDk; ,yq;if> murp
a njhlHGfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
,j;njhlHGfs; gw;wpa jftfs;
Nghjpastp vkf;Ff; fpilf;f
tpiy.
n MapDk; murpa fpsHr;rpfs;> Kuz;
ghLfs; Vw;gl;l Ntisfsp Vw;gl;l
epfo;Tfs; njhlHghf rpy jftfs;
fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;sd.
n vyhsd; vd;w Nrho ,sturd;
,yq;iff;F te;J mDuhjGuj;jp
Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wp murhl;rp nra;
jhd; vd;gJ ,j;jifa epfo;Tfsp
xd;whFk;. ,e;epfo;T fp.K 2Mk;
E}w;whz;b epfo;e;jJ.
n ,NjNgh fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; ,s
turHfSk; gpwUk; njd;dpe;jpahtp
,Ue;J te;J mDuhjGu Ml;rpahsH
fis mfw;wptpl;L Ml;rpgPlk; VwpdH.
n
,jidtpl ,d;ndhU tifahd
epfo;Tg;Nghf;Fk; fhzg;gl;lJ. mD
uhjGu Ml;rpahsHfSf;F vjpuhdtH
fs; ,yq;ifap ,Ue;J njd;dpe;
jpahtpw;Fr; nrd;W> mq;F gilf
isj;jpul;bj; jpUk;gp te;J Ml;rp
mjpfhuj;ijf; iffg;gw;Wk; epfo;T
fSk; ,lk;ngw;wd. rpyNtisfsp
mDuhjGu Ml;rpia rl;lG+Htkhfg;
ngw;W Ml;rp nra;J te;j murd;
xUtd; gjtp ftpo;f;fg;gl;lNghJ>
njd;dpe;jpah nrd;W giljpul;b
kPz;L te;J Ml;rp mjpfhuj;ij
gpbj;Js;s epfo;T Nghd;wdTk; ,lk;
ngw;wd.
n ,yq;ifapd; murHfs; njd;dpe;jpah
tpd; ngz; xUj;jpia jpUkzk;
nra;J murFkhupahf ,q;F tut
ioj;j epfo;TfSk; eilngw;wd.
mt;thW jpUkzk; nra;jNghJ njd;
dpe;jpa murtk;rq;fSlNdNa ,j;
jifa jpUkz cwTfis ,yq;if
murHfs; itj;jpUe;jdH.
NkNy jug;gl;ljw;F khwhf njd; ,e;jp-
ahtpd; ve;jnthU ,uhr;rpaKk; 7Mk;
E}w;whz;L tiu Mf;fpukpg;G gil
nahd;iw mDg;gp itj;jNjh> mq;fp
Ue;J murd; xUtd; gilnaLj;J
te;jNjh fpilahJ vd;gNj fh. ,e;jpu-
ghyh Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;jhFk;.
muRfs; flfle;J
,yq;iff;F Mf;fpukpg;G
gilfis mDg;Gj:
muRfs; flfle;J Mf;fpukpg;G gil
fis mDg;GtJ cs;ehl;b mayp
cs;s rpw;wuRfspd; Ml;rptug;gp
Eioe;J Mf;fpukpg;Gr; nra;tjpYk;
NtWgl;lJ.
muRfs; %d;W tifahdit. mit:
n Muk;gfhyj; njhlf;f epiyr; rpw;w
uRfs;.
n tsHr;rpaile;j rpw;wuRfs;
n rpw;wuRfs; vd;w epiyiaj; jhz;bg;
NguuRfs; vd;w epiyia mile;
jit.
cjTtjw;fhf Mf;fpukpg;Gg;
gilia mDg;gpdhd;. mg;NghJ njd;
dfj;jpd; murpa tsHr;rp KjypU
fl;lq;fisAk; jhz;bg; NguuR xd;wpd;
vOr;rp epiyia mile;jpUe;jJ. njd;
dfj;jp rhSf;fpaiu ntw;wp nfhz;
lJ kl;LkyhJ ghz;baH> NruH>
NrhoH Nghd;w mur tk;rq;fisAk;>
gpw rpw;wuRfs; gytw;iwAk; mbgzpa
itj;jgpd;dH> fl fle;J ,yq;iff;F
gilia mDg;Gk; jFjpiaAk; gyj;
ijAk; gytH ngw;wpUe;jdH. ,jw;F
Ke;jpa fhyj;jp tsHr;rpaile;j rpw;wu
Rfs; vd;w ,uz;lhk; fl;lj;ij mile;
jpUe;j rpw;wuRfs; jkf;F mayp
,Ue;J Nghl;b muRfSld; Nkhjpf;
nfhz;bUe;jd. rpd;dQ;rpwpa FWepyj;
jiytHfspd; Ms;gyj;ij Mf;fpukpj;
Jj; jk;Kld; ,izj;jd. Nghl;b muR
fsp rpytw;iw mopj;J jk;Kld;
,izj;Jf; nfhz;ld. MapDk; ,uz;
lhk; fl;lj;J muRfs; ,yq;iff;Fg;
tpiy. MfNt ‘... No king of a South
gilaDg;Gk; jFjpiag; ngw;wpUf;f
Indian Kingdom sent an Invading Army to
Sri Lanka until the Seventh Century!
vd;Dk; fh. ,e;jpughyh mtHfspd;
$w;W rhd;whjhuq;fspd;gbahd jHf;f
uPjpahd KbT vd;gjp Iakpiy.
khdtHkdpd; tho;f;if
tuyhW:
mLj;J khdtHkdpd; tho;f;if tuyhW
gw;wpa rpy nra;jpfisg; ghHg;Nghk;.
ghsp> rpq;fs nkhop E}fsp cs;s
tk;rf; fijfsp khdtHkd; gw;wpa
nra;jpfs; gy $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iw
Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tuyhw;whrpup
aHfs; khdtHkd; gw;wp tpupthf vO-
jpAs;sdH. ftp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;
fsk; ,yq;if tuyhW gw;wpa ghl
E}iy ,Ughfq;fshf ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
2013 , ntspahfpa jkpo; nkhop
ngaHg;gp ‘mDuhjGu fhy murpa
tuyhW’ vd;w jiyg;gp NguhrpupaH
rpwpk uz;nt vOjpa fl;Liu ,e;
E}yp ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. mtH $wp
apUg;gtw;iw mbnahw;wp khdtHkd;
gw;wp rpy Kf;fpakhd jftfis
kl;Lk; ,q;Nf je;Js;Nshk;.
khdtHkd; ,uz;lhk; fhrpag;gdpd;
kfdhtd;. ,td; je;ij ,we;j gpd;
,tdpw;F cupajhd Ml;rp murpa
R+o;r;rp fhuzkhff; fpilf;fhJ Ngh
apw;W. mDuhjGu Ml;rpia kPz;Lk;
ngWtjw;F ,tdh cs;ehl;b gil
jpul;l KbahJ Nghapw;W. ,jdh
mtd; gyt ehl;bw;F nrd;W> eu
rpk;ktHkdpd; NghHr; Nritap NrHe;J
nfhz;lhd;. rhSf;fpaUld; eurpk;ktH
kd; elj;jpa NghHfsp gq;Nfw;w
khdtHkd; jd; NghHj; jpwikiaAk;
JzpitAk; ntspg;gLj;jp eurpk;ktH
kdpd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngw;whd;. eurpk;
ktHkd; khdtHkdpw;F cjt tpUg;
gk; nfhz;L gilnahd;iwf; nfhLj;J
cjtpdhd;. khdtHkd; gilAld; mD
uhjguj;ij jhf;f tUtij mwpe;j
ehNlhgjPrd; vd;w murd; cUFizf;
Fj; jg;gpr; nrd;whd;. khdtHkd; mD
uhjGuj;ijj; ifg;gw;wpdhd;. vdpDk;
murdhtijg; gpd; Nghl;L vjpupiar;
rpiwgpbf;f tpUk;gp gilAld; njhlHe;
jhd;. Mdh gytgilfs; ,e;jpah
tpw;F kPz;L nryNtz;ba Njit
Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;jpag; gilfspd; cjtp
apd;wp vjpupia ntw;wpnfhs;s Kbah
njdf; fz;l khdtHtkDk; gyt
ehl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;whd;.
,t;thW Kjw;gilnaLg;gp ntw;wp
ngwj; jtwpa khdtHkd; gyt ehl;
b NkYk; 20 Mz;Lfs; tho;e;jhd;.
mtd; vyhkhf Vwf;Fiwa 25
Mz;Lfs; gyt ehl;b fhyk; fopj;
jhd;. Kjyhk; eurpk;ktHkd; fhykhfpa
gpd; ,uz;lhk; eurpk;ktHkd; gyt
murdhd;. ,uz;lhk; eurpk;ktHkdpd;
gilAjtpAld; kPz;Lk; te;j khdtH
kd; mDuhjGu Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wp
35 Mz;Lfs; (fp.gp 684 - fp.gp 718)
Ml;rp nra;jhd;. 60 Mz;LfSf;Fk;
Nkyhf cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gq;fsh eyp
jha; tPL
Tw;wpUe;j muirNa khdtHkd; nghWg;
Ngw;whd;. khdtHkdpd; tuyhW czHj;
Jk; cz;ikfs; ahit?
n mDuhjGu muR ,yq;ifap ,Ue;j
gy muRfsp xd;whFk;.
n MapDk; mJ gyk;kpf;fjhf> NguuR
vd;w epiyf;F tsHr;rp ngw;wpUe;jJ.
n ,yq;ifap cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gq;fs;
epytpd.
n ma ehlhd ,e;jpahtpw;Fr; nrd;W
gyt kd;ddpd; cjtpia ahrpj;Jg;
ngw;W khdtHkd; muRupikiag;
ngw;whd;.
n vt;thwpUg;gpDk; ma ehlhd g
yt murpd; gilia (Mf;fpukpg;Gg;
gilia) ,yq;iff;F ,Oj;J te;j
jpUg;GKidahd epfo;Tf;Ff; fhu
zkhf mike;jtdhf khdtHkd;
tpsq;fpdhd;.
ghz;baUk;> NrhoUk;
,yq;if murHfSk; - 7
Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;Fg;
gpe;jpa 500 Mz;Lfs;:
khdtHkd; murdhf KbR+l;bf; nfhz;l
fhyk; Kj mDuhjGu kd;dHfs;
gytg; Nghurpd; el;igg; ngw;wdH.
,jd; %yk; typikkpf;f gytg;
Nghurpd; ghJfhg;G epoyp Vwf;Fiwa
200 Mz;Lf;fhyk; njd;dpe;jpahtp
,Ue;J gilnaLg;Gfs; epfo;tijj;
jtpHj;jdH. MapDk; ,yq;if murHfs;
jkpofj;jpd; cs;ehl;bd; murpayp
jk;ikAk; rpf;fitj;Jf; nfhz;ldH.
mq;F Vw;gl;l NghHfSk;> NguuRfspd;
NkhjfSk; ,yq;ifapd; kPJk; jhf;
fq;fis Vw;gLj;jpd. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;
b njd;dpe;jpahtp ghz;baH xU
Nguurhf vOr;rp ngw;wdH. gytHfspd;
ez;gHfshf ,Ue;Jte;j mDuhjGu
kd;dHfs; ghz;baHfspd; vjpupfshap
dH. ghz;baH vOr;rp ngw;w Ntis
ap gytH tPo;r;rpia Nehf;fpr; nrd;W
nfhz;bUe;jdH. tuFztHkd; vd;w
ghz;ba kd;dd; (fp.gp. 765 - fp.gp 815)
fhtpupejpf;F mUfp eilngw;w Nghup
gytg; giliaj; Njhw;fbj;jhd;.
,t;Ntis gytHfSld; NrhoHfs;
el;Gwit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH. ghz;
baH jkJ Ml;rpg; gug;ig tpupthf;fp>
jk; gyj;ij caHj;jpf; nfhz;ldH.
ghz;ba kd;ddhd rpwpkhw rpwpty
gd;> Kjyhk;Nrdd; (fp.gp.833 - fp.gp.853)
Ml;rpf; fhyj;jp ,yq;if kPJ gil
naLj;J te;J mDuhjGuj;ij ntw;wp
nfhz;lhd;. ghz;baH gilnaLg;igg;
gw;wp NguhrpupaH rpwpkuznty $wp
apUg;gtw;wp ,Ue;J xU rpWge;jpia
fPNo Nkw;Nfhshfj; je;Js;Nsd;.
‘NghHfs; midj;jpYk; ntw;wp ngw;w
ghz;badpd; Nrid mDuhjGuj;ij
mile;J mur jpiwNrupiaAk; efupd;
nrtj;ijAk; tpfhiufSf;Fr; nrhe;
jkhd nrhj;Jf;fisAk; R+iwahbaJ.
,e;epiyap ghz;ba kd;dd; 1 Mk;
NrdDld; el;G cld;gbf;if nra;a
tpUk;Gtjhfj; J}J mDg;gpdhd;.
mjw;F NrdDk; cld;gl;ljh ,Urh-
uhUf;Fk; ,ilNa rkhjhdk; Vw;gl;lJ.
gpd;dH mDuhjGu muR kPz;Lk; Nrd-
Df;Ff; ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ (,yq;if
tuyhW ghfk; 1 - gf; 140)’
ghz;baH Ml;rpia Kjyhk; Nrd
dpw;Nf jpUg;gp xg;gilj;jdH. ,J
ftdj;jp nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kf;fpa
nra;jp. ghz;bag; NguuR mDuhjGu
muR jdJ Nkyhz;ikia Vw;gijNa
tpUk;gpaJ. Neubahf ,yq;ifia
Ml;rp nra;a tpUk;gtpiy. mDuhj-
Gu murHfs; ghz;baHfspd; ez;gHf
shapdH. MapDk; ,yq;ifapd; Ju
jp\;lk; NghYk; 9 Mk; E}w;whz;b
njd; ,e;jpahtp NrhoHfs; kpFe;j
tyik gilj;j Nguurhf vOr;rp ngw;
wdH. vjpupapd; ez;gd; vjpup vd;gjw;F
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
mika mDuhjGu murHfs; NrhoH
fspd; gifikf;F MshdhHfs;. ,yq;-
ifap ,Ue;J ghz;baUf;F cjtp
nra;a mDg;gg;gl;l gil NrhoHfsh
Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lJ. ghz;baiu mb
gzpa itj;j gpd;dH Nrho kd;dd;
Kjyhk; guhe;jfd; ,yq;if kPJ jd;
ftdj;ijj; jpUk;gpdhd;. 10 Mk;
E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpap NrhoHfspd;
KjyhtJ gilnaLg;G eilngw;wJ.
gpd;dH Kjyhk; ,uh[uh[dpd; gil
naLg;G fp.gp 993Mk; Mz;b eil
ngw;wJ. cUFizf;Fj; jg;gpNahba
5Mk; kfpe;jidAk; mtdJ FLk;gj;
ijAk; fp.gp 1017, Nrhog;gil rpiwg;
gpbj;jJ. NrhoHfsh mDuhjGuk;
ifg;gw;wg;gl;lik ,yq;if tuyhw;wpd;
,d;ndhU jpUg;G KidahFk;.
Kk;Kbr; Nrho kz;lgk;:
Nrhog; NguuR ,yq;ifia ntw;wp
nfhz;l gpd;dH mjidj; jdJ Nguu
rpd; xU gFjpahf Mf;fpaJ. gytH>
ghz;baH MfpNahH topiag; gpd;gw;
whJ NrhoHfs; ehl;il Neubahf Ml;rp
nra;a tpUk;gpdH. fh. ,e;jpughy mtH
fs; ,Jgw;wpf; $wpapUg;git tUkhW.
mjid NguuR (Empire) xd;wd; gFjp
‘NrhoH ,yq;ifiaf; ifg;gw;wp
ahf khw;wpdH. mJ Nrhog; Nguurpd;
xU khepykhff; (kz;lyk;) fUjg;gl;
lJ. mJ Kk;Kbr; Nrho kz;lyk;
vd;w ngaiug; ngw;wJ. nghyd;eWt
mjd; jiyefukhfpaJ. nghyd;eWt
tpd; ngaH [dehjGuk; vd khw;wg;gl;
lJ. Nrho ,sturd; xUtd; murhdf
epakpf;fg;gl;lhd;. mtd; Rje;jpuk;
cila xU murd; Nghd;Nw Ml;rp
nra;jhd;.’ (,e;jpughyh - gf;: 73)
KbR+l;lg;gl;l ,sturd; jdJ ,aw;
ngaUld; ‘Nrho ,yq;Nf];tud; vd;w
ngauhYk; miof;fg;gl;lhd;. NrhoH
Ml;rp fp.gp 1070 , KbTw;wJ. f
ntl;Lfspd; %yk; %d;W ntt;NtW
Nrho ,yq;Nf];tuHfspd; ngaHfis
mwpa KbfpwJ. ,t;turHfs; mDuh
jGu Ml;rpahsHfsh cgNahfpf;fg;
gl;l ngaHfshd mgarhyNkf> rpwp
rq;fNghjp Mfpa ngaHfisAk; R+l;bf;
nfhz;ldH. %tupd; ngaHfshtd:
n Iaq;nfhz;l rhyNkf
n rpwprq;fNghjp
n tpf;fpuk rhyNkf
nghyeWttp mikf;fg;gl;l rptd;
Njthyak; Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpu Nrho
dpd; md;idapd; ngauh ‘thdtd;
khNjtp <];tuk;’ vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.
,Jtiu ehk; 7 Mk; E}w;whz;L Kj
11 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuapyhd fhyg;
gFjpapd; ,yq;if murpaypd; Kf;fpa
epfo;TfisAk; Nghf;FfisAk; tpgupj;
Jf; $wpNdhk;. ,t;tpgupg;G ‘njd;dpe;
jpag; gilnaLg;Gfs;’ vd;w rpf;fyhd
tplaj;jpidg; Gupe;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;
yhw;wp gpuhe;jpaq;fs; (Regions) ngWk;
fp mike;jJ. ,t;tpsf;fj;jp tu
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> ,yq;if vd;w gpuhe;jp
aj;jpw;Fk; jkpofk; vd;w gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;
Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlHGfs; vd;gd
Tk; mOj;jk; ngw;Ws;sd.
K. Iindrapala (2017). Ancient Srilanka. Glimpses
crhj;Jiz:
of The Past. Kumaran Book House, Colombo -
•
Chennai
• ,yq;if tuyhW (Kjyhk; ghfk; ftp
ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; ‘,RUgha’>
gj;juKy (2013)
shanmugalingam@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 83 -

jkpo; kf;fspd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lKk;

,e;jpahtpd; gq;fspg;Gk;?
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, Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;
lj;jp ,e;jpa murpd;
mZFKiw njhlHghf ,e;jg; gjpit
KbahjitNa.

Mdh> ,yq;if muRf;Fk; ,e;jpa

Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; Vw;fdNt> xg;ge;jj;ij
nra;jjd; %yk; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jJ.
- v];.Nf. tpf;Nd];tud;; -
ksTf;F ,e;j tpupTgLj;j khw;wk;
vOjj; njhlq;Fk;NghJ> jdJ Ie;J muRf;Fk; jpl;ltl;lkhd Nehf;fq;fs; fz;lJ. ,e;jg; Gs;spapypUe;Nj mjd;
mk;rf; Nfhupf;iffis ,e;jpa murp ,Ue;jd. ,e;jpahitg; nghWj;jtiu> ehk; tplaj;Jf;F tUNthk;. ntspAwT rhHe;j midj;J eltbf;
lk; Kd;itj;J rhFk;tiu cz;zhtp ,yq;if murpayp Neubahfj; jiy iffSk; khw;wk; fz;ld.
uj;ij Muk;gpj;J capiuePj;j jpahfp apLk; Kbit vLj;jJ Kj ,d;W Rje;jpuj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,e;jpa muR
jpyPgdJ 33tJ Mz;L epidTehl; tiu me;j Nehf;fj;ij mJ iftpl jd; mz;il ehLfSldhd cwit ,yq;iff;Fk; ,e;jpa cgfz;lj;jpyp
fs; mDl;bf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gJ tpiy. jiyaPl;Lf;fhd topfisj; vg;gb mikj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gjw; Ue;j gy gFjpfSf;Fk; gpupj;jhdpaH
xU jw;nrayhd nghUj;jg;ghlhf jhd; mJ mbf;fb khw;wpf; nfhz;bUe; fhd njupTfSf;F tUtjw;F> mjw; tuTf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpypUe;Nj fyhr;
mike;jpUf;fpwJ. toikNghy> tUlh jJ. cz;ikap ,e;jpa muir fpUe;j tuyhw;W uPjpahd gz;ghLk; rhuk;> gz;ghL uPjpahd> xw;Wikfs;>
tUlk; jtwhk elf;Fk; ,e;j epidT Nehf;fp jpyPgd; itj;j Ie;J Nfhupf; tHj;jfKk; ngUk; nrthf;ifr; nrYj; kw;Wk; tHj;jfk; Nghd;wit fhuzkhf
$ufspd; Nghnjyhk; jkpoPo tpL
jiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fg; Nghuhspahd
jpyPgid Nghw;WjYk; tzf;fk; nrYj;
jYk; <oj;jkpoH thOk; ,lq;fns
yhk; ele;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis>
mtH xU nfhiyfhud;> Gypfspd;
mr gpujpepjp vd;w tpkHrdq;fSk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Lk; tUfpd;wd. ,yq;if
ap ,k;Kiw jpyPgd; jilnra;ag;gl;l
xU gaq;futhj mikg;gpd; cWg;gpdH
vd;gjh ,e;j epidT$ufs; nra;ag;
gl KbahJ vd;W ePjpkd;wj;jh
jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. epidT $u
nra;tJk; mJ nra;ag;gLtij vjpHg;
gJk; ehl;bd; murpa Kuz;ghLf
Sld; Neubahfr; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplaq;
fs; vd;gijNah> mJ jPHf;fg;gLk;
tiu ,e;j ,Utifahd fUj;Jf;
fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jug;GfSk;
mjw;fhd epahaq;fSld; ,Uf;fNt
nra;Ak; vd;gijNah Gupe;Jnfhs;sh
k mtw;wpd; kPJ vjpHtpdahw;Wtjp
mHj;jkpiy. mJ gw;wp ,e;j ,lj;
jp ,g;NghJ NgRtJk; nghUj;jkw;
wJ vd;gjh> xU Fwpg;ig kl;Lk;
$wptpl;L ehk; vOjNtz;ba tplaj;
Jf;Fs; Eioayhk; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;.

xUtH xU jdp eguhfNth> xU mikg;

gpd; gpujpepjpahfNth vd;d nra;jhH
vd;gij tpl vd;d Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf
me;j egNuh mikg;Ngh ,aq;fpaJ
myJ ,aq;f Kad;wJ vd;w mbg;
gilapypUe;Nj mJ rhHe;j tplaq;
fis mZfNtz;Lk; vd;W epidf;
fpNwd;. Nehf;fk; rupahf ,Ue;J mij
miltjw;F jtwhd topfs; gad;gLj;
jg;gl;lh> mJ Fwpj;J Muha> mt;
thW gad;gLj;jg;gl;l topfs; Fwpj;J
vkJ ftdk; Ftpa Ntz;Lk;. jtwhd
topfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLk;NghJ mjp
gazpf;Fk; egHfisAk; jtwhfNt
mJ topfhl;LfpwJ. vdNt topia
re;Njfpf;Fk; tiu> mJ Fwpj;J MuhAk;
tiu> mtHfsh Nehf;fj;ij mila
KbahJ. mtHfs; milatpUk;gpa
Nehf;fj;Jf;F vJTk; Mtjpiy> mJ
mg;gbNa ,Uf;Fk;. Mdh mij
mila KagtHfs; Njhtp mil
fpwhHfs;. mNj Ntis Nehf;fNk jt
whf ,Ue;jh mJFwpj;j Muha vkJ
ftdk; Nehf;fk; gw;wpa gFg;gha;thf
mikaNtz;Lk;. ,g;NghJ Nehf;fk;
gw;wpa Nfs;tpfSk; vOg;gg;gLfpd;wd.
gNtW ,og;Gfis vjpHnfhz;L
Nghuhba vkJ kf;fs; kj;jpap Nehf;
fKk;> topAk; Fwpj;j re;Njfq;fSk;
Nfs;tpfSk; ,t;tsT fhyj;jpd; gpd;
dNuDk; vOe;jpUg;gJ tuNtw;fj; jf;
fNj. Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ,d;iwa Njhtp
myJ Njf;fj;jpd; NeubtpisNt
,e;jr; re;NjfKk; Nfs;tpAk; vd;whYk;>
,t;tsTfhyg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;Ff; fhu
zkhf ,Ue;j tplaq;fs; vJTk; ,d;
dKk; KOikahf ,yhk Ngha;
tpltpiy vd;gjh ,e;jf; Nfs;tpf
iffs; xd;Wk; ngupa Nfhupf;iffNs
my. mtw;wp gy mJ jhNd
,yq;if muRld; nra;Jnfhz;l xg;
ge;jj;jpd; gbNa eilKiwg; gLj;jg;
glf; $baitjhd;. MdhYk; ,e;jpa
muir jkpo; kf;fs; ntWf;f Ntz;
Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
Nfhupf;iffshfj;jhd; mtw;iw ,e;-
jpah tpsq;fpf;nfhs;fpwJ vd;W bf;rpj;
$wpajhf mNl ghyrpq;fk; jdJ
E}yp vOjpapUe;jhH. ,yq;if ,e;jpa
xg;ge;jk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F
nghWg;ghf ,Ue;j N[.vd;. bf;rpj;
,e;j cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lj;ijf;
iftpLkhWk;> Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s
Nfhupf;iffs; nra;ag;gl;l ,yq;if
,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; eilKiwf;F tU
ifap elf;Fk; vd;Wk; jdJ gpujp
epjpfs; %yk; mwptpj;jpUe;Jk; mij
mtNu Neubahf jpyPgdplk; njuptpf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhupf;if Gypfs; jug;
gpypUe;J Kd; itf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdh
mJ elf;ftpiy. ,jw;fhd fhuz
khf> jhd; Neup nrd;W nrhd;dh
jpyPgd; cz;zhtpujj;ijf; iftpLthuh
vd;w jd; Nfs;tpf;F> ‘Mk; vd;W nrh
yKbahJ vd;W gpughfud; nrhd;djh
ehd; Nghtjp gadpiy vd;W
epidj;Njd; mtH tUj;jk; jUk; tpjj;
jp mepahakhf ,we;Jtpl;lhH’. vd;W
njuptpf;fpwhH bf;rpj;. vg;gb ,Ug;gpDk;
,e;j cz;zhtpujKk; jpyPgdpd; ku
zKk; ,e;jpahtpd; Nehf;fj;ijg; ghjpf;
jpapUe;jd. Rje;jpuj;ij mLj;j Kg;g
jhz;L fhyj;Js; mjd; tsHr;rp mij
xU gpuhe;jpa tyurhf khw;wpaJ
kl;Lkyhk mjd; mz;il ehLf
Sldhd cwtpYk; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;
jpaJ. Rje;jpuj;NjhL gpupe;j ghfp];-
jhdp Vw;gl;l tq;fhs nkhopNgRk;
(fpof;F ghfp];jhd;) kf;fspd; tpL
jiyf; fpsHr;rpap Neubahfr; jiy
aPL nra;J> 1971 , mjDld; Nkw;
nfhz;l Aj;jj;jp gq;fshNj]; vd;w
ehL cUthff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.
mj;Jld; me;j ehl;bd; murhq;fk;
jdf;F rhjfkhf ,Ug;gijAk; cWjpg;
gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. ,e;j ntw;wpia
mLj;J> 1974 , Nkw;nfhz;l mZ
Fz;Lg; gupNrhjid ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;
ngw;w ‘tyuR’g; gjhifAld; gpuhe;
jpa ehLfSldhd jdJ mZFKiw
fis xU gpuhe;jpa tyuR vd;w
epiyg;ghLld; Nkw;nfhs;sj; njhlq;
fpaJ. ,e;jf; fhyj;jp jhd; mJtiu>
jdJ ,uhZt Mw;w vd;gJ jdJ
ehl;bd; Njrpa ghJfhg;Gf;fhdJ vd;w
kl;lj;jpypUe;J> gpuhe;jpa ehLfSl-
dhd ntspAwTf; nfhs;ifap ,e;jp-
ahtpd; ghJfhg;Gld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l xd;
whfTk; tpupTngwj; njhlq;fpaJ. mjh
tJ njw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpa ehLfspd;
eltbf;iffs; xt;nthd;Wk; ,e;jpah
tpd; ghJfhg;G eyd;fisf; ftdj;jp-
nyLj;Nj mikaNtz;Lk; vd;w xU
ntspg;gilahd fUj;ijj; njuptpf;F
njhlHGfs; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;wd.
gpupj;jhdpaH Ml;rpapd; NghJ ,e;jpah
vd miof;fg;gl;L cgfz;lj;jpd; xU
rpy gFjpfs; ePq;fyhd ngUk;gh
yhd gFjpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;l gpd;Gk;
,yq;if kf;fsJ njhlHG ePbj;jJ.
mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf jkpo;kf;fSf;F> jkpo;
kf;fs; thOk; khepykhf jkpo;ehL
,Ue;jjh kpfTk; mjpfkhf njhlHG
,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwJ. jkpo;ehl;bypUe;J
ngUkstpyhd kf;fis Njapiyj;Njhl;
lf; $ypfshf nfhz;Lte;jJ ,e;j
cwit NkYk; tsHj;J tpl;bUe;jJ.
mJTk; ,e;jpa Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l
fhyj;jp ,e;j cwT kpfTk; mjpf
upj;J ngupa mstp tsHe;jJ. kfhj;kh
fhe;jpapd; jiyikap ele;j Rje;
jpug; Nghuhl;lk; jkpo;> rpq;fs kf;fs;
kj;jpap ngUk; MHtj;ijAk; Mjuit
Ak; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt
,e;jpa murpa gw;wpa mwpTk;> mjd;
nrthf;Fk; ,yq;if kf;fsplKk;>
Fwpg;ghf jkpo; kf;fsplKk; ngUk;
nrthf;ifAk; nrYj;jp te;jpUf;fpwJ.
aho;g;ghzj;jp gbj;j khztHfsh
njhlq;fg;gl;l aho;g;ghz khztH
fhq;fpu];> `z;b Ngupd;gehafk; mtH
fsJ jiyikap cUthf;fg;gl;l
NghJ mJ Kw;W KOjhf kfhj;kh
fhe;jp mtHfsJ nfhs;iffis jkJ
nfhs;iffshff; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;j
njhlu;jy; 84k; gf;fk;
- 84 -
jkpo; kf;fspd;...
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fhq;fpuir ehLKOtJk; gutyhf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld; mJ ‘khztH fhq;fpu];>
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nfhz;lJ. gpd;dH aho;g;ghz thypgH
fhq;fpu]; vd jk;ik mioj;Jf;
nfhz;l ,e;j mikg;G kfhj;kh fhe;jp
mtHfis ,yq;iff;F tUkhW
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bf; nfhLf;fTk; nra;jJ. ,yq;iff;F
Rauhr;rpak; Njit vd;gij Kjyp
murpa uPjpahf Kd;itj;J ,aq;fp
aJk; me;j mikg;Ng.
aho;g;ghz ,isQH rq;fk; vd;w jdJ
E}yp rhe;jrPyd; fjpHfhkH jkpo;
kf;fSf;F> Fwpg;ghf aho;g;ghz jkpo;
kf;fSf;F ,e;jpahTldpUe;j cwit
,t;thW tpgupf;fpwhH:
‘,e;jpahtp fhzg;gl;l murpa czH
tiyfs; mtw;wpd; jhf;fj;ij aho;g;
ghzj;jpYk; Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jd. ,yq;-
ifj; jPtpd; Vida ghfq;fistpl
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bUe;jJ. Gtpapa mz;ikAk;> nkhop>
rkak;> gz;ghL njhlHghd cwTfSk;
aho;g;ghzj;J kf;fSf;Fk; ,e;jpah
Tf;Fk;> rpwg;ghfj; jkpofj;Jf;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l gpizg;Gfis ngupJk;
gyg;gLj;jp ,Ue;jd. ftp> njhop
kw;Wk; ahj;jpiu Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfj;
njd;dpe;jpahTf;Fk; mNj Nghy tl
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kugpid aho;g;ghz kf;fs; nfhz;b
Ue;jpdH’.
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gFjpfspYk; ,e;jpahit jkJ jha;
ehL vd;Wk; ,yq;ifia Nra; ehL
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fp ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jpaj; jiytHfshd
fhe;jp> NeU> Rgh]; re;jpuNgh]; cld;
jkpo;ehl;bd; jiytHfshd ngupahH>
mz;zhj;Jiu> fUzhepjp Nghd;w
jiytHfisj; jkJ jiytHfisg;
Nghy vz;zTk;> kjpf;fTkhd epiyik
epytpaJk; cz;ikNa.
,e;jg; gpd;dzpapjhd; ,yq;iff;Fk;
,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT jkpo;
kf;fsh milahsk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
1971 Vg;gpuyp ele;j N[.tp.gp jiyik
apyhd fpsHr;rpia ,yq;ifg; gpujkH
rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f jiyikap
yhd muR vjpHnfhs;sKbahk cyf
ehLfsplk; ifNae;jp epd;wNghJ> cl
dbahfg; gilAjtp mspj;J mijf;
fhg;ghw;wpaJ ,e;jpuh fhe;jp jiy
ikapyhd ,e;jpa murhq;fNk. cz;
ikap ,e;jpahtpd; ,e;j eltbf;
ifia> mJ jdJ gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s
ehLfspd; murhq;fq;fsJ gpur;rpid
fis jPHf;f Kd;dpd;W cjTk; vd;w
ek;gpf;ifia Vw;gLj;jTk;> mg;gb
cjTk; Mw;wYk; tYTk; cs;s xU
ehL mJ vd;w tplaj;ij cyfehL
fSf;F mwptpf;f xU mupa re;jHg;g
khf gad;gLj;jpAk; nfhz;lJ. $lNt
,e;j eltbf;if %yk; mzpNruh
ehLfsJk;> mnkupf;f INuhg;gpa ehL
fsJk; tuNtw;igAk; mJ ngw;Wf;
nfhz;lJ. ,yq;ifap N[.tp.gp.ia
jtpHe;j ve;j ,lJrhupf; fl;rpfNsh>
jkpo; fl;rpfSs;spl;l ve;j gpw Njrp
af; fl;rpfNsh> njhopw;rq;fq;fNsh
,e;jpahtpd; ,e;j cjtpia xU me;
epa ehl;bd; jiyaPlhf czuNt
,iy. khwhf> tuNtw;fNt nra;jd
vd;gJ ,e;jpahTf;F ,yq;ifap
,Ue;j nrthf;ifj; njspthf tpsf;
Fk; xU tplakhFk;. ,jd; njhlHr;
rpNa ,e;jpah ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfSf;F
vg;NghJk; Mjuthf ,Uf;Fk; vd;w
ek;gpf;ifia jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpap
gutyilaTk; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ.
jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzp murpaw;
$l;lq;fsp ‘kuk;gOj;jh ntsth
tUk;’ vd;w gpurpj;jkhd fijahlypd;
gpd;dzpAk; ,JNt!.
Mdh> ,e;j epfo;Tf;Fg; gpd;dhd
fhyk; ,e;jpahtpd; gpuhe;jpa Nkyh
jpf;f kNdhghtk; tsHe;j fhyKkhFk;.
mNj Mz;L brk;gup Kd;dH Fwpg;
gpl;l gq;fshNjrpd; cUthf;fj;ij
ntWk; 13 ehl;fs; ele;j Aj;jj;jp
nra;J Kbj;jJ vd;gJ> mjw;Fj; jd;
,uhZt gyj;jpd; kPjhd ek;gpf;
ifia Cl;Ltjhf mike;jJ. ,e;jpa
nfhs;if tFg;ghsHfSf;F> Fwpg;ghf
,e;jpuh fhe;jpf;F> Kd;dH rPdg; gil
Aldhd viyg;Nghup NjhtpAw;w
NghJ ,Ue;j gytPdkhd epiyia
jhk; fle;Jtpl;Nlhnkd;w gyj;j ek;
gpf;ifia ,J Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;j
ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapNyNa 1971
f;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyj;jp ,e;jpahtpd;
G+Nfhs uPjpahd ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wpa
vz;zq;fs; Ntfkhf tsHe;jd. ,e;j
tsHr;rp vd;gJ> ,e;jpahTf;F njw;fhrp
ag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ghJfhg;Ng jdJ
ifapjhd; cs;sJ vd;w vz;zk;
tYf;fTk;> mg;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ehLfspd;
eltbf;iffs; ,jw;F ,izthf
mika Ntz;Lk; vd;w vjpHghHg;G
tYg;ngwTk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.
,jd; eilKiw mHj;jk;> ,e;jpahtpd;
gpuhe;jpa eyd; vd;gJ vd;dntd;wh
mJ jhd; mzpNrHe;Js;s Nrhtpaj;
kw;Wk; mjd; rhHG ehLfsyhj gpw
ehLfSld; njw;fhrpa ehLfs; ,uh-
Zt> njhopEl;g> tzpf xg;ge;jq;
fs; Nkw;nfhs;tnjd;gJ ,e;jpahtpd;
ghJfhg;Gf;F mr;RWj;j vd;W tpahf;
fpahdk; nra;ag;gLk; vd;gjhFk;.
,e;jg; gpd;dzpap> 1960fspd; gpw;
$wstp ,e;jpuhfhe;jp mtHfsh
cUthf;fg;gl;l Nwh vd;w rHtNjr
epyikfis mtjhdpg;gjw;fhd Gy
dha;T mikg;G> gpuhe;jpa ehLfspd;
cs;ehl;L tptfhuq;fisAk; kl;Lk
yhk nrhe;j ehl;bd; cs;tptfhuq;
fisAk; ftdpf;Fk; XH mikg;ghf
‘juKaHj;jg;’gLfpwJ. gq;fshNj\; tpL
jiyia mz;kpj;j fhyq;fsp cs;
ehl;bYk; nkhopthupahf khepyq;fsp
ilNa fpsHr;rpfs; Vw;glj; njhlq;fp
jha; tPL
apUe;jd. ,tw;iw milahsk; fhz
Tk;> mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;ba
jftfisg; ngwTk;> Nwh mikg;G
cs;ehl;L tplaq;fspYk; gpujkH ,e;-
jpuhfhe;jpah gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,dj;Jt uPjpapyhd vOr;rpfs; vOe;j
gNtW khepyq;fisr; RKf epiyf;F
- Fwpg;ghf fhq;fpu]; myhj gpw
fl;rpfspd; Ml;rpfspw;Ff; fPo; ,Ue;j
khepyq;fsp - nfhz;Ltu ,e;jpuh
muR iff;nfhz;l cghak; gw;wp
,e;jpa Ma;thsHfs; tpgupj;jpUf;fpwhH
fs;. mf; Fwpg;gpl;l khepyq;fsp ,Uf;
Fk; ,dj;Jt fpsHr;rpfis> Gydha;T
mikg;gpd; %yk; njupe;Jnfhz;L>
fhq;fpu]; fl;rpA+lhf mtw;iw Cf;F
tpj;J khepyq;fsp fl;Lg;ghlw;w epiy
iaf; nfhz;LtUj> gpd;dH mijf;
fhuzk; fhl;b me;j khepy Ml;rpf-
isf; fiyj;J> gpur;rpidfSf;F Vjh
tnjhU rkhspg;Gj; jPHit toq;Ft
jhff; $wp NjHjiy elj;jp fhq;fpuir
Ml;rpf;fkHj;j> Mfpa eilKiw
%yk; ehl;il KOf;f KOf;f fhq;fp
u]; Ml;rpf;Ff; fPo; nfhz;LtUj
vd;w elKiwap mJ njhlHr;rpahf
ntw;wp ngw;wJ. ,e;jpuh muR> ,e;j
eilKiwia Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fp
jdJ 16 tUl Ml;rpf;fhyj;jp muR
42 jlitfs; khepy Ml;rpfisf;
fiyj;J ,Ug;gij tuyhw;whrpupaH
fs; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sdH. ehl;il
gyg;gLj;Jtnjd;w Nfhrj;Jld; rpf;-
fpk;-I gyte;jkhf ,izj;Jf; nfhz;
lJ> kpNrhuhk;> ehfyhe;J Nghd;w
gpuNjrq;fsp mj;JkPwpj; jiyapl;lJ
Nghd;w eltbf;iffisAk; mJ Nkw;
nfhz;lJ.
mNjNtis mJ> jd;idj; jhNd njw;
fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ghJfhtYf;Fg;
nghWg;ghd ehlhf epakpj;Jf;nfhz;L>
gpuhe;jpa G+Nfhsg; ghJfhg;G vd;w
ngaup mz;il ehLfspd; ntspAw
Tf; nfhs;iffsp jiyaPL nra;jJ.
njw;fhrpahtp cs;s ve;j xU
ehlhtJ - rl;lG+Htkhf njupTnra;ag;
gl;l murhq;fk; - VjhtJ neUf;fbah
ghjpf;fg;gLk; NghJ vg;gb ele;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpuhtpd;
,e;jpa muR fUjpanjd;gijg; gw;wpa
gghdp nrd; Fg;jh (Bhabani Sen Gupta)
gpugy murpa tpQ;Qhdpahd kiwe;j
mtHfis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bg; gy
tuyhw;whrpupaHfs; vOjpAs;shHfs;.
me;j Nkw;Nfhsp nrd; Fg;jh mtH
fs; ,t;thW njuptpf;fpwhH. (vdJ
nkhopngaHg;gp):
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
‘ve;j xU njw;fhrpa ehLk;... ,e;jpah
Tf;F vjpuhd epiyg;ghLs;s ehnlhd;
wpypUe;J ,uhZt cjtpiaf; Nfhu
yhfhJ. VjhtJ xU njw;fhrpa ehL
cz;ikahfNt jdJ cs;ehl;Lg;
gpur;rpidiaf; ifahs cjtp Njitg;
gLk;NghNjh> myJ rl;lG+Htkhf
njupTnra;ag;gl;l jdJ murhq;fk;
rfpf;f KbahjsT Mgj;jhd neUf;
fbf;F cs;shfp mij mlf;f ntsp
ehl;L ,uhZt cjtp Njitg;gLk;
NghNjh> mJ cjtpNfhUk; ehLfsp
,e;jpahTk; xd;whf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jpahit jtpHj;J> NtW ehLfsp
cjtp Nfhug;gLkhapd;> mJ me;j
murhq;fj;jpd; xU ,e;jpa tpNuhj
eltbf;ifahff; fUjg;gLk;’.
njw;fhrpa ehLfSf;F ,e;jpa muR
toq;fpa ,e;j vr;rupf;ifia ,yq;if
ap Ml;rpapypUe;j N[.MH Vw;Wf;
nfhs;stpiy. mtH Vw;Wf; nfhs;
shjjw;Ff; fhuzk; mtH xU Njrp
athjpahf ,Ue;jhH vd;gjy. khwhf
mtH> mnkupf;fh jiyikapyhd Nkw;
Fyf ehLfSlDk; mtw;wpd; rhHG
ehLfSlDk; kl;LNk njhlHig itj;
jpUf;f tpUk;gpdhH. mtuJ jpwe;j
nghUshjhuf; nfhs;if> Rje;jpu
tHj;jf jpl;lk;> juF Kjyhspj;Jt
nghUshjhuf; nfhs;if Nghd;wit
,aghfNt mtiu Nrhtpaj; rhHG
ehLfis ntWf;f itj;jJ. jtpuTk;>
jdpg;gl;l Kiwap rpwpkhNth gz;lh-
uehaf;f mtHfsJ ez;gpahd ,e;jp-
uhit> rpwpkhNthtpd; Fbapa cup
ikfis epahkw;wKiwap gwpj;jpUe;j
fhuzj;jh> mtH Neubahd cwitf;
nfhz;bUg;gjp MHtkw;WkpUe;jhH.
,e;jpahtpd; gpuhe;jpa ghJfhg;Gf;
nfhs;ifAk; mjd; jyikj;JtKk;
N[.MUf;F mtH tpUk;gpa> ehLf
Sld; cld;gbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;
tjp jilahf ,Ug;gij mtH tpUk;
gtpiy. ,jdh mtH ,e;jpahit
rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f Nghy xU
el;G ehlhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s tpUk;g
tpiy. mNj Ntis> N[.Mupd;
ntspAwTf; nfhs;if fhuzkhf cU
thd> mnkupf;f rhHGk;> ghfp];jhd;>
,];Nu Nghd;w ehLfSld; mtH
Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j njhlHGk;> ,e;jpah
Tf;F mij vr;rupf;ifAld; mZf
Ntz;Lk; vd;W Njhd;Wtjw;Fg; gjp
yhf N[.Mupd; me;j murhq;fj;ij
mbgzpa itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;
njhlu;jy; 85k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
jkpo; kf;fspd;...
84k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
zNk tYj;jpUe;jJ. ,jw;Fg; gy
fhuzq;fis ,e;jpa tuyhw;whrpup
aHfs; Fwpg;gpLtJz;L. Fwpg;ghf mjw;
fhd re;jHg;gj;ij ,e;jpuh fhe;jp mt
jhdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. jpUNfhz-
kiy JiwKfj;ij gpwehl;L ,uhZ
tf; fg;gfs; jupj;Jr; nry mD-
kjpg;gJ> jpUNfhzkiy vz;iz tsj;
Jf;fhd Ma;T Kaw;rpap NtW ehL
fs; fye;J nfhs;s mDkjpg;gJ>
(,ijr; nra;tjw;f Kd;te;J ,e;jpah
cs;spl;l gy ehLfs; Nfs;tpg;gj;jp
uq;fis rkHg;gpj;jpUe;jNghJk;> ,e;jpa
Nfs;tpg;gj;jpuk; ftdj;Jf;nfLf;fg;glh
kNy epuhfupf;fg;gl;lJ). mnkupf;f xyp
gug;G epiyaj;Jf;F ,yq;ifapyp
Ue;J ,aq;f mDkjp toq;FtJ
Nghd;w eltbf;iffisr; nra;a
N[.MH vLj;j eltbf;iffis mtH
fs; Rl;bf; fhl;LtJz;L. Mdh
,itnayhtw;iwAk;tpl trjpahd
re;jHg;gk;> N[.Mupdh jpl;lkpl;L
elj;jg;gl;l ,df;fytuj;jpdh ,e;jpuh
Tf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.
mg;NghJ vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytuhf
,Ue;J> MwhtJ jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij
Vw;W rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;ahjjd;
fhuzkhf gjtp ,oe;jpUe;j mkpHj
ypq;fk; mtHfs; ,e;jpah nrd;W> ,e;-
jpuh fhe;jpiar; re;jpf;fpwhH. ,e;jr;
re;jpg;gpd; NghJ ,yq;ifap ele;j
tplaq;fis tpgupj;J tuyhw;W uPjp
ahd Nghuhl;l mDgtq;fspd; topjhk;
jkpoPof; Nfhupf;ifia Kd;itj;jij
Ak;> mjw;fhf ,isQHfs; MAjg;
Nghuhl;lj;jp ,wq;fpg; NghuhLtij
Ak;> ,e;jpahtpd; cjtp jkf;F Vd;
Njit vd;gijAk; ,e;jpuhTf;F mtH
tpsf;FfpwhH. tplaq;fisf; ftdkh
ff; Nfl;l ,e;jpuhfhe;jp> ‘N[.MH mu
rhq;fk; mtHfSf;F vjpuhf xU jhf;
Fjiyj; njhlq;fp tlfpof;F Nehf;fp
,uhZtk; efHe;jh mtHfsh mij
jLj;Jg; Nghuhl KbAkh?’ vd;W tpd
TfpwhH. mkpHjypq;fk; mg;NghjpUe;j
epiyikapd; mbg;gilap> ‘,iy’
vd;W gjpyspf;fpwhH. ,e;jr; re;jHg;gj;
jpw;fhf> myJ ,e;jg; gjpYf;fhf
fhj;jpUe;jtH Nghy gpujkH ,e;jpuh
fhe;jp ,t;thW gjpyspf;fpwhH. ,e;jg;
gjp> cs;ehl;b mtH khepyq;f
sp fpsHr;rpfis mlf;ff; ifahz;l
topia ,yq;ifapYk; eilKiwg;g
Lj;j KbntLj;J tpl;lijj; njspT
gLj;jpaJ. ‘NghuhLk; ,isQHfs;
jk;ikg; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;sTk; jk;
gpuNjrj;ijg; ghJfhf;fTk; mtHf
Sf;F ,uhZtg; gapw;rpAk;> MAjq;
fSk; vq;fsh toq;fKbAk;. Mdh
ve;jf; fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; ,e;jpah ehL
gpuptij> gpur;rpidf;F xU jPHthf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shJ. Mdh> xNu ehl;Lf;
Fs; xU nghUj;jkhd jPHitf; fhz;
gjp ,e;jpah cjTk;’ vd mtH
mkpHjypq;fj;jplk; njuptpf;fpwhH. njup
tpj;jJ kl;Lky> cldbahf jPHit
Nehf;fpa xU Kaw;rpahf> murhq;fj;
jpd; tpNrl gpujpepjpahf [p. ghHj;j
rhujp mtHfis ,yq;iff;F mDg;gp
itf;fTk; nra;fpwhH.
Mf> ,e;jpahtpd; ,yq;if njhlH
ghd gpur;rpidap> Nghuhspfspd;
NghuhLk; gyj;ij mjpfupg;gJ> mjd;
%yk; ,yq;if muir xU jPHTf;
fhd Ngr;RthHj;ijf;F ,Og;gJ> mjd;
mbg;gilap xU jPHT cld;ghl;
Lf;F tUtJ vd;gJ njspthf ,Ue;
jJ. ,j;jifa xU Ngr;RthHj;ijg;
Nghf;fp gq;Nfw;gjd; %yk; ,e;jpah
tpd; ftdj;jp ,Ue;j> ,e;jpa ey
Df;F vjpuhd ,yq;if murpd; elt
bf;iffisAk; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L
tUtJ vd;gJk; fhq;fpurpd; njspthd
2020
Kbthf ,Ue;jJ. Mdh> mJ njsp
tw;W ,Ue;jnjyhk; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;
fhd jPHT vd;d vd;gijj;jhd;. ,J
ghHj;jrhujp mtHfsh gpur;rpidiaj;
jPHg;gjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l ‘,izg;G
rP’ tpthj;Jf;F te;jNghJ njspthfj;
njupate;jJ.
fpl;lj;jl;l 1984 xf;Nuhgup ,e;jpuh-
fhe;jp nfhiy nra;ag;gLtJld; Kb
Tf;F te;j ‘,izg;G rP’ Ak;> ,e;jpa
rHtNjr murpaYf;fhd mjpfhupfSf;
fpilapyhd fUj;J NtWghLfSk;>
ghHj;jrhujp xU jkpouhf ,Ug;gjh
mtH ,e;j tplaj;ij njhlHtjw;Fg;
gjpyhf ,d;ndhUtH tuNtz;Lk; vd;w
fUj;Jk; ciuahlYf;F te;jjd; gpd;
dzpap mtuJ rk;ge;jKk; epd;W
Ngha;tpl;lJ. Mdh> jw;fhg;Gg; gapw;rp
vd;w mbg;gilap toq;fg;gl;l ,e;jpa
,uhZtg; gapw;rp> jkpoPo tpLjiyf;
fhd gapw;rpahf Kf;fpa ,ilj;juf
uhfr; nraw;gl;l re;jpufhrd; Clhf
gpur;rhuk; nra;ag;gl;L ngUkstpyhd
,isQHfs; ntt;NtW ,af;fq;fSf;F
gapw;rpf;fhf mioj;Jr; nryg;gl;l
dH. ,tHfs; kj;jpap gq;fshNj];
gpuptpidf;F ,e;jpah Mjutspj;j tpl
ak; jpUg;gpj; jpUg;gpr; nrhyg;gl;L>
<o tpLjiyAk; mt;thW elf;Fk;
vd;w fUj;Jg; gug;gg;gl;lJ. Mdh
,e;jpuhtplNkh> ,e;jpa mjpfhupfsp
lNkh ,j;jifa xU Nehf;fk; ,Uf;
fNt ,iy. Kf;fpakhf jkpo;ehl;
Lf;F mUfp Rje;jpu jkpo;kf;fisg;
ngUk;ghd;ikahff; nfhz;l xU jdp
ehL cUthFtij ,e;jpah nfhQ;r
Kk; tpUk;gTk; ,iy. mJ> Vw;f
dNt mWgJfsp jdpehL Nfl;L
‘jkpo; ehL’ vd;w khepyj;Jld; rkhjh
dkhfptpl;l jkpo; ehl;bd; murpayp
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJld; kPz;Lk;
gpuptpidf; Nfhupf;ifia tYg;gLj;
Jk; vd;Nw mtHfs; fUjpdhHfs;.
Mdh re;jpufhrd; mtHfs; %yk;
gapw;rpf;Fg; NghdtHfs; midtUf;
Fk;> Gnshl;> nuNyh> <.gp.MH.v.v/g;>
<Nuh]; Nghd;w vyh mikg;Gf;f
Sf;Fk;> mtH%yk; ,J jkpoPoj;Jf;
fhd ,uhZtg;gapw;rpNa vd;w fUj;ij
gutyhfp tpl;bUe;jJ. ,e;jg; gapw;rp
ap Gypfs; NrHf;fg;gltpiy. ,e;j
,lj;jp xU Rthurpakhd jftiy
R+upa ehuhazd; ,e;jpahtpd; ,yq;-
iff;fhd nfhs;if gw;wp `];fH vd;w
jdJ Mq;fpy E}yp Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.
,e;jg; gapw;rpfs; Kbe;jgpd; midt
iuAk; jkpoPo Njrpa ,uhZtkhf
,izj;Jf;nfhz;L Nghuhl;lj;ij elj;
jtpUg;gjhfTk; mjw;F jd;id murp
a jiytuhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; gl;
rj;jpNyNa GypfSf;Fg; gapw;rp mspf;f
KbAk; vd;Wk; re;jpufhrd; $wpajhf
Tk;> mijg; gpughfud; rhHgp ghy-
rpq;fk; kWj;jjhfTk; NghuhrpupaH
uhN[e;jpuid Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b> mjd;
fhuzkhfNt Kjyp mtHfSf;fhd
gapw;rp kWf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W me;jj;
jft $WfpwJ. gpd;dH NtW topf
sp GypfSf;F ,e;j gapw;rp fpilg;
gjw;F xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Mf. ,e;jpag; gapw;rp vd;gJk;> jkp
oPo tpLjiyf;F Mjuthf ,e;jpah
,uhZtg;gapw;rp mspj;jJ vd;gJk; cz;
ikay. ,e;jpa eyDf;fhf ele;j
eltbf;iffl;F ek;ktHfs; R+l;bf;
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vickneaswaran.sk@thaiveedu.com
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- mUz;nkhoptu;kd; -
Ngupdthjj;jpd; kjthj eltbf;if
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arunmozhivarman@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 87 -

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spd; ntspaPl;Lg; gpuptpdh Mb
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fijfisf; nfhz;l ,j;njhFjpap
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wd. mt;tifap ,e;jpa ,uhZ
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fq;fs; NjhWk; jkJ czHit gjpa
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iz Nerpj;J khdKld; jiyepkpHe;J
thoKidAk; xU FLk;gj;jpd; fij
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zj;jpypUe;J ntspte;j <oKuR jpdr
upapd; thu ntspaPl;b njhluhf ntsp
te;jJ. 10.10.1987 md;W ,e;jpa mik
jpfhf;Fk; gil gj;jpupifr; Rje;jpuj;jp
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itj;Jj; jfHf;Fk;tiu ,e;eht
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eht Koikahf ntspte;jJ.
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eht jkpo; ,yf;fpa cyfp ePz;l
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fisf; nfhz;l eht vd;w tifap
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fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. ,e;j eht
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Jf;fhdjhfNth vOjg;glhJ rkfhy
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fhyj;ij gpujhdg;gLj;jp 5 ghfq;fsp
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fk; 2001 tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpf;Fupa
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epiyf; fsj;jp epd;W 5 ghfq;fsp
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vupAk; murpa gpur;rpidnahd;iw cy
fkshtpa fij efHr;rpapd; %yk; NgR
fpd;w jkpo; eht ,J. 1981, mf;
fpdpg; nghwp Nghd;w ikar; rk;gt
nkhd;wpd; ce;jpg;Gld; Muk;gpf;Fk;
ehtyp 1983 fWg;G [{iy> Njrk;
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,yf;fpar; rhl;rpakhfpd;wJ fdTr;rpiw.
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gyk; mtHfsh 1999, ntspaplg;
kapypl;b TB rdNlhupaj;jp Nehahsp
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ahf ,Ue;j NtisAk; (,e;jpag; gpu-
jkH ,e;jpuh fhe;jp Rlg;gl;lJk;> Nghuh
spf;FOf;Fs; mjd; Nrhfj;ij ntspg;
gLj;jpaJkhd fhyfl;lk;) 1987,
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(jkpo; <og; NghuhspfisAk; nghJkf;
fisAk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; Ntl;ilah
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rpid ngw;w khw;wq;fis $He;J mt
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gl;l nfhiyfis khj;jpuk; cs;slf;
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,jaq;fsp ,d;Wk; epiynfhz;Ls;
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kpf;f ngUtpufs;> clyikg;gp NtW
gl;l Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;> ,tw;iw
nayhk; tpl kdpjHfspdJk; rpk;gd;
rpfspdJk; kugZf;fis xg;gpLk;
NghJ mit 96 tpfpjk; xj;Jk; ,Uf;
fpd;wd.
kug;gZf;fs; kw;Wk; gbkq;fspd; Ma;
Tfspd;gb kdpjH rhHe;j caH tpyq;
fpdq;fspd; Kd;Ndhbfspd; Muk;gk;>
kw;w ghY}l;b tpyq;fpdq;fsp ,Ue;J
gpupe;J fpl;ljl;l 30 kpypad; tUlq;f
Sf;F Kd;dH njhlq;fp ,Uf;fpd;wd
vd fzpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,e;j caHtif
gj;jp kdpj Fuq;Ffs; (great apes)
vd;w ngUk; fpisap te;j xU FLk;
fSk;> nfhupyhf;fSk;> kw;Wk; Hominini
vd;w gpuptp> Xuhq;Fl;lhd; Fuq;F
Fuq;FfSk; (Bonobos)> kdpjHfSk;
vd;w gpuptprpk;gd;rpfSk;> thypyh
mlq;Ffpd;wd. ,d;Dk; RUf;fkhf $wp
dh rpk;gd;rpfSk;> thypyh Fuq;F
fSk;> kdpjHfSk; xU nghJ jiy
Kiwap ,Ue;J Vwf;Fiwa 6 m
yJ 7 kpypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;
dH gpupe;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,e;j tpyq;fpd
FLk;gj;ij NrHe;j capupdq;fs;> gy
nghJthd clyikg;ig nfhz;bUg;
gpDk; kw;w caHtif tpyq;fpdq;f
Sld; xg;gpLifap kdpjHfspd; cl
kpf gue;j msT NtWgLfpd;wJ. xg;
gPl;lstp ngupa jiy> gy Mapuf;
fzf;fhd tHzq;fis gpupj;J mwpAk;
$Hikahd fz;fs;> rpwpa %f;F> Kd;
new;wp> rpwpa gw;fs;> tha;f;F fPo; ehb>
jl;ilahd Kfk;> tpj;ijfs; nra;
Ak; iffs;> nkhop NgRk; Futis>
epkpHe;J elg;gjw;F ,yFthf khwp
apUf;Fk; Ks;se;jz;Lk; ,Lg;G vYk;
GfSk;> ,uz;L fhfsp epw;gjw;Fk;
elg;gjw;Fk; VJthd ghjk;> cWjp
ahd fhfs;> mlHj;jpahd kapHfs;
,yhj rUkk;> ,tw;Wld; kpFe;j Gj;
jprhypj;jdk; (kd;dpf;fTk; vyh kdp
jHfSf;Fk; ,J nghUe;jhJ) ,g;gb
gytw;iw gl;ba Nghlyhk;. ,e;j
NtWghLfs; ahTk; jpBnud ele;jit
my. ,e;j khw;wq;fs; gbg;gbahf
Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fspd; tpisT vd;gjw;F
(fossills) ,d;W fpilj;jpUf;fpd;wd.
gy Mapuf;fzf;fhd gbk rhd;Wfs;
,g;gbahd gbk rhd;Wfsp xd;W
jhd; ehd; Nk Fwpg;gpl;l gbk rhd;
yp gbk rhd;Wfs; (fossile evedence)
whfpa ‘Y}rpapd;’ vYk;G $lhFk;. Kj
gw;wp nfhQ;rk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Nthk;.
18Mk; E}w;whz;b Vw;gl;l ifj;njh
op Gul;rpapd; tpisthf Kj Kj
yp kdpjHfs; gue;j mstp G+kpapd;
jha; tPL
Nkw;gug;ig Njhz;b fdpktsq;fis
Njlj; njhlq;fpdH. ,e;j Njlypd;
NghJ fdpkq;fs; kl;Lk; mtHfSf;F
fpilf;ftpiy rpy Ntisfsp tprpj;
jpukhd> G+kpap vq;Fk; fhzKbahj
tpyq;fpdq;fspd; vYk;Gfs; Nghd;wd
itAk; Njhd;wj; njhlq;fpd. ,jd;
tpisthf gbkq;fis Muha;e;J tpsq;
fpf;nfhs;Sk; JiwAk; ,e;j gbk vYk;
Gfis Nrfupf;Fk; JiwfSk; tsuj;
njhlq;fpd. gbk vYk;Gfs; kl;Lk
yhJ gy capupdq;fs; vjhtJ ghiw
ap ,we;J tpLk; NghJ mjd; ,we;j
cl ghiwap rpijtilfpd;wJ. ,g;
gb rpijtile;j cl ghiwap gy
kpypad; fzf;fhd tUlq;fs; ,Uf;
Fk; NghJ ,we;J Nghd kpUfj;jpd;
rpijj;j cl ghiwap mr;rhf gjpe;
jpUf;Fk; ,tw;iwnayhk; tpgukhf
Nrfupj;J ,e;j tpyq;fpdq;fspd; tho;
tpaiyAk; mit tho;e;j fhyq;fis
mwpAk; JiwAk; tsuj; njhlq;fpd.
,d;W ,e;jj; Jiw ed;F tsHe;J
gbk rhd;Wfsp fpilf;Fk; vYk;Gf
spd; rpW gFjpia kugZ gupNrhjid
nra;J> ,d;W capH thOk; capup
dq;fSf;Fk; ,e;j gbk rhd;Wf
Sf;F cupj;jhd capupdq;fSf;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l njhlHig Muha;fpd;wd.
,q;F Y}rpapd; gbkk; Vd; Kf;fpaj;
Jtk; ngWfpd;wnjdp ,jd; cly
ikg;G. xUGwk;> kdpjiu Nghy
epkpHe;J ,uz;L fhfsp epw;gjw;Fk;
elg;gjw;Fk; Vw;g khHG> Ks;sk; jz;L>
,Lg;G> fOj;J vYk;Gfis nfhz;b
Uf;fpd;wJ. kWGwk;> rpk;gd;]pfs; Nghy
kz;il XL> gw;fs;> ePz;l iffSk;>
vijAk; ,Wfg; gw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;
mfd;w ngUtpuiy nfhz;l iffis
Nghy ghjq;fisAk;> nfhz;bUf;fpd;
Australopithecus afarensis vd ngaupl;l
wd. Y}rpapd; capupd FLk;gj;ij
dH. (M];jpNuypahTf;Fk; Y}rpf;Fk;
ap Australo vd;wh njw;F Gwk; vd;W
ve;j njhlHGk; ,iy. yj;jPd; nkhop
nghUs; mt;tsTjhd;). Y}rpapd; gbkk;
vj;jpNahg;gpahtp 1974Mk; Mz;L
fz;nlLf;fgl;L 46 tUlq;fs; fope;J
,d;W 2>000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l> KOikah
fNth myJ miuFiwahfNth kdp
jiu Nghy clyikg;ig nfhz;l
20f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l capupdq;fspd; gbkq;
fs; fz;nlLf;fg; gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j
gbkq;fs; lhHtpdpd; gupzhk Nfhl;ghl;
b tpsf;fpapUg;gJ Nghy kdpj cap
updq;fspd; Kd;Ndhbfsp Vw;gl;l
gbg;gbahd rpW khw;wq;fis tpgupf;
fpd;wJ.
Ffs; (bonobos) Nghd;w caHtif
kdpjHfs;> rpk;gd;rpfs;> thypyh Fuq;
capupdq;fspd; Kd;Ndhbfs; ngUk;
fhLfsp (tropical forest) tho;e;jpUf;
ghYk; Mgpupf;fhtpd; ntl;g kz;ly
fpd;wdH. ,tHfspd; czT fhLfsp
,Uf;Fk; goq;fs;> fha;fs;> tpijfs;>
kw;Wk; rpW kpUfq;fs; Nghd;witNa.
,tw;wpd; clYk; kuq;fsp jhTt
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
- Ffd;
rq;fug;gps;is -
jw;Fk; gLg;gjw;Fk; Vw;g gupzhkk;
mile;jpUe;jd. ,tw;wpd; thupRfsp
xd;W ,e;j R+oYf;F xt;thj xU
rpwpa NtWgl;l clyikg;ig nfhz;
bUg;gpd;> mit vt;thW ,e;j R+oyp
jg;gp gpioj;J ntw;wpfukhf jkJ
re;jjpia ngUf;f KbAk; vd;w Nfs;
tpf;F> G+kpap kpypad; tUlq;fSf;F
,ilap khwp khwp tUk; fhyepiy
khw;wq;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;tJ mtrpak;.
fhyq;fhykhf G+kp gy tifahd jl;g
ntg;g khw;wq;fSf;F cl;gl;L ,Uf;
fpwJ. G+kp mjd; mr;rp ,Ue;J 20
ghif rupe;J jd;idj;jhNd Rw;Wfpd;
wJ. rpy kpypad; tUlq;fSf;F xU
Kiw G+kpapd; rupT ,e;j 20 ghif
ruptpypUe;J 15 ghiffs; tiu Fiw
fpd;wJ. ,jd; NghJ G+kpapd; fhy
epiyfSk; kpFe;j khw;wq;fSf;F cl;
jhd; G+kpapd; gdpAfk; (Ice Age) vd
gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j khw;wq;fsp xd;iwj;
miof;fpd;wdH. gdpAf fhyfl;lj;jp
G+kpap cs;s gy ehLfsp (fdlh
cl;gl) FspH mjpfupj;J> gy gFjpfs;
gdpg;ghiwfspdh %lg;gl;L ,Ue;jd.
mNjNtis. Mg;gpupf;fhtp kio
tPo;r;rp mjpfupj;J ,d;W twz;l gFjp
fshf ,Uf;Fk; gy gFjpfSk; kw;
Wk; rfhuh Nghd;w ghiytdq;fSk;
gRik nfhopf;Fk; ntl;g kz;ly fhL
fshf ,Ue;jd. kdpj ,dj;jpd; Kd;
Ndhbfs; G+kpap Njhd;Wk; NghJ
xU gdpAfk; Kbe;J kPz;Lk; G+kpapd;
rupT 20 ghifia Nehf;fp tUfpd;wJ.
G+kpapd; fhyepiyfSk; ,d;W ,Ug;
gJ Nghy ntg;gk; epiwe;jjhf khW
fpd;wJ. Mg;gpupf;fhtpd; gRik nfhopf;
Fk; fhLfSk; kio tPo;r;rp Fiwthd
jh mope;J jupR epyq;fshfTk; fhL
fs; mw;w rkntspfshfTk; khWfpd;
wd.
,e;j R+oypjhd; ,uz;L fhfsp
epkpHe;J epw;gjw;Fk;> elg;gjw;Fk; VJ
thd clyikg;ig nfhz;l capupdk;
Mgpupf;fhtpd; fhLfsp Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
jkJ %jhijaH Nghy go kuq;fis
ek;gp ,Uf;fhk czTj;Njitf;F
,it Mgpupf;fhtpd; fhLfSf;F mz;
ikap cs;s rkntspia ehlj;njh
lq;fpd. epkpHe;J ,uz;L fhfsp
epw;gjhYk; elg;gjhYk; kw;w capup
dq;fis tpl rkntspfs; ,tHfSf;F
mD$ykhdJ. Vnddp> J}u ,Uf;
Fk; czT tiffisAk;> mghaq;f
isAk; ,yFthf ghHf;f KbAk;. kw;
wJ> ehd;F fhfisAk; ghtpj;J tpyq;
fpdq;fs; XLk; NghJ mit gha;e;J
gha;e;J XLfpd;wd ,tw;wpd; cl
kpFe;j FYf;fYf;F cl;gLfpd;wJ
,jdh mjpf rf;jpia tPzhf;Ffpd;
wd. ,it Muk;gj;jp kpf Ntfkhf
XbdhYk; rPf;fpuNk fisj;J tpLk;.
njhlu;jy; 97k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 97 -
,uz;L tpjkhd fPwfSNk xd;wpd; vd;w cWg;gpd; tsHr;rpapd; gq;if

MjpAk; me;jKk;... Nk xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,J ,ndhU

96k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
,uz;L fhfsp XLk; kdpjHfspd;
NkYl FYq;Ftjpiy> ,tHfs;
XLk; NghJ kw;w kpUfq;fs; Nghy
,yFtp fisg;gjpiy. ,jdh
,tHfs; Ntl;ilahLk; kpUfq;fis
ePz;l J}uk; Xlitj;J> fiyj;Jg;
gpbf;f KbAk;. ,d;Dnkhd;W epw;gjw;
Fk; elg;gjw;Fk; ,uz;L fhfs; kl;
LNk Njitg;gLk; NghJ> kw;w ,uz;L
fhfSf;Fk; tpLjiy fpilj;J tpL
fpd;wJ. ,e;j Kd; fhfs; ,g;NghJ
iffshf khwptpl;ld. khwpd iffs;
Rk;kh ,Uf;ftpiy czit Nrf
upg;gJ> jw;fhg;G Nghd;w gytw;Ww;F
cgNahfkhfpd;wJ. ,e;j rkntspf
Sf;F efHe;j capHdq;fspd; cztp
Yk; kpFe;j khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
Nghija mwpT cyfpd; KbT. vjpH
fhyj;jp ,e;j KbT NkYk; gbkq;
fs; fpilf;Fk; NghJk; kugZj;Jiw
Gjpa jftfis fz;lwpAk; NghJk;
khwyhk;.
fij eyhfj;jhd; ,Uf;F> ,jw;F
vjhtJ rhd;Wfs; ,Uf;fpd;wjh vd;W
rpy thrfHfs; Nfl;fyhk;. epiwaNt
,Uf;fpd;wd. ahUNk kdpj capupdq;
fspd; tuyhw;iw Gj;jfkhf vOjp
itf;ftpiy. xU nfhiyapid tprh
upf;Fk; Gyd; tprhuizahsH nfhiy
ele;j ,lj;ij Rw;wp jlaq;fis NjL
GjpUf;F tpil nfhLf;fpd;wJ. kdp
jupd; f MAjq;fsh cUthf;fg;gl;l
fPwfSf;F mbap nfhba kpUfq;
fspd; gw;fspd; fPwfs; ,Uf;Fkhapd;
,e;j kpUfq;fs; Ntl;ilahb cz;L
vQ;rpatw;iw kdpjHfs; cz;bUf;fpd;
wdH. ,UE}W Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F
Kd;dH tho;e;j tpyq;fpdq;fspd; gbk
vYk;Gfsp kw;w tpyq;fpdq;fspd;
gypd; fPwfs; mbap ,Uf;fpd;wd.
E}w;W Ik;gjpdhapuk; tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;dH tho;e;jtw;wpd; gbkq;fsp
epiyik khwptpl;lJ kdpjHfspdh
cUthf;fg;gl;l fPwfs; mbap ,Uf;
fpd;wd. ,Nj Nghy 200 Mapuk; tU
ve;jtpjj;jpYk; Fiwj;Jtpl KbahJ.
kdpjH Njhd;wpa mNj FLk;gj;jp
kdpjiu Nghy clyikg;ig nfhz;l
,d;Dk; gy capupdq;fspd; gbk vr;
rq;fs; Mq;fhq;Nf Mgpupf;fhtpd; mlHj;
jpkpf;f fhLfspd; Fiffspd; mbap
Njhd;wp nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,it
vtw;wpdJk; kz;il XL ngupjhf
,iy mjhtJ %is tpUj;jpaila
tpiy. mit ,d;W tiu jkJ re;j
jpia gug;gTk; ,iy.
Mg;gpupf;fhtpd; rkntspfs; mjpfupj;j
NghJ> ,uz;L fhfsp elg;gjw;F
VJthd clyikg;ig nfhz;lkdpj
,dj;jpd; Kd;Ndhbfspd; tho;Tf;F

,g;nghJ ,e;j capupdq;fspd; czT>

goq;fs; kl;Lky tpijfs;> jhdp
aq;fs;> fpoq;Ffs;> kw;Wk; ngUk;
tpyq;Ffis Ntl;ilahLj Nghd;w
itahf khWfpd;wd. ngU tpyq;fpdq;
fSld; xg;gpLifap kpf Fiwe;j
cltypikAk; nkJthf Xlf;$ba
,uz;L fhfis kl;Lk; nfhz;bUf;
Fk; capupdk; xd;W> Ntl;ilahLt
jp kpfTk; tyik kpf;f tpyq;fpdq;
fs; kj;jpap vt;thW jg;gp gpioj;jd
vd;W ghHf;ifap> XLtjw;Fk; elg;g
jw;Fk; cjthj Kd; fhfs; mjhtJ
iffs;> mghaj;ij ifahs;tjw;F
cjTfpd;wd. ,e;j iffs; Kjyp
fw;fisAk; jbfisAk; MAjq;fshf
vLf;fpd;wd. mJ kl;Lkpyhk ngU
tpyq;fpdq;fis Ntl;ilahLtjw;
Fk; mtw;wpd; mghaj;jpypUe;J jg;gp
gpiog;gjw;F ,e;j capupdq;fs; $l;
lhf xd;W NrHe;J nragLfpd;wd.
$l;lhf tho;tjw;F jpl;lkplYk; rf
$l;lhspfSld; njhlHghlYk; mtrp
akhfpd;wJ. ,jw;F %isapd; tpUj;jp
mtrpakhfpd;wJ. lhHtpdpd; nkhopap
$Wtjhapd; ve;j capupdj;jpw;F jpl;l
kpLtjp tyikia mjpfupg;gjw;F
Vw;g %is tsHr;rpailfpd;wNjh me;j
capupdk; ,e;j R+oyp ntw;wpfukhf
re;jjpia ngUf;Ffpd;wJ.

kw;w cWg;Gfisg; Nghy myhJ

Sf;F xU gpd;D}l;l Rw;whf (positive

%isapd; tsHr;rp ,e;j capupdq;f

feed back loop) njhlHfpd;wJ. mjhtJ

%isapd; njhopw;ghl;Lf;F mjpf rf;jp
Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. %is tsHr;rp $ba
capupdq;fs; Ntl;ilahLtjpYk; czT
Njitia G+Hj;jp nra;tjpYk; Gjpa
Af;jpfis ifahz;L ,e;j Njitia
G+Hj;jp nra;fpd;wd. czT Njit
G+Hj;jpailAk; NghJ %is tsHr;rp
aile;j capupdk; jg;gp gpiog;gJk;>
%is tsHr;rpaile;j capupdq;fspd;
,dk; ngUFtJk; mjpfkhfpd;wJ. ,e;j
tifap ,e;j capupdq;fs; re;jjp
ap %is tsHr;rp mjpfkhd capup
dq;fspd; re;jjp njhlHe;J tsHfpd;wJ>
,UE}W Mapuk; (200,000) tUlq;f
gupzhk tsHr;rp njhlHfpd;wJ. fle;j
Sf;FKd; czTr;rq;fpyp njhlup
%d;whtNjh ehd;fhtNjh ,lj;jp
(15,0000) tUlq;fs; mstp Kjyp
,Ue;j kdpj ,dk; E}w;wk;gjpdhapuk;
lj;jp te;J tpl;lJ. ,Wjpahf ,d;W
thOk; capupdq;fsp %isapid
mtw;wpd; clw; gUkDld; xg;gpLif
ap kdpjupd; %isNa kpfg; ngupjhf
,Uf;fpwJ> ,d;W tho;fpd;w midj;J
capupdq;fisAk;tpl kdpjHfs; kpFe;j
Gj;jprhypfs;. ,e;j Gj;jprhyp kdpjH
ad;]; (Homo Sapiens) 200>000 Mz;Lf
mjhtJ etPd kdpjH - N`hNkh nrg;gp-
Sf;Fk; 300>000 Mz;LfSf;Fk; ,ilg;
tJNghy gbkq;fis Ma;T nra;gtH
fs; mjd; Rw;whliyAk; myrp Muha;
fpd;wdH. gy kdpj gbkq;fs; Mgp
upf;fhtpd; Fiffsp fpilj;jd. ,tw;
Wld; f MAjq;fs; NtW kpUfq;f
spd; vYk;Gfs;> fupj;Jz;Lfs; vd gy
fz;nlLf;fg;gl;ld. gbkq;fsp fz;
nlLf;fg;gl;l kz;ilNahLfs; msit
itj;J mtw;wpd; %is vt;tsT ngup
jhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd;gjid Cfpf;f
yhk;. cjhuzkhf NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l
Y}rpapd; %isapd; msT ,d;W thOk;
rpk;gd;rpfspd; %isapd; mstpw;F
xg;ghfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j gbkq;
fsp fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l kw;w tpyq;fp
dq;fspd; gbk vYk;Gfs; gy fifis
$Wfpd;wd. ,e;j vYk;Gfs; Mjp kdp
jHfspdh czTf;fhf nfhyg;gl;l
tpyq;fpdq;fspd; vr;rnrhr;rq;fs;. kdp
jHfs; Ntl;ilahbd tpyq;fpdq;fspd;
vYk;Gfsp cs;s jirapid f
MAjq;fs; %yk; thup vLj;Js;sdH.
,g;gb thupvLf;Fk; vYk;Gfsp xU
tpjkhd fPwiy cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. ,Nj
Ntis $uhd gw;fis cila capup
dq;fspdh vYk;Gfsp Vw;gLk; fPw
fs; NtW tpjkhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jd;
%yk; vd;d tifahd tpyq;fpdq;fis
,tHfs; czthf cz;ldH. ,tHfs;
ghtpj;j f MAjq;fspd; $Hik>
lq;fSf;F Kd;dH fz;nlLf;f gl;l
kdpj gbk vYk;Gfsp gy nfhba
tpyq;fpdq;fspd; gw;fspd; fPwfs; cs;
sd. mjhtJ ,e;j capupdq;fs; kdp
jHfis czTf;fhf Ntl;ilahb ,Uf;
fpd;wd. 150 Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;F gpd;
dH fpilj;j kdpj vYk;G gbkq;fsp
,g;gb gy fPwfs; kpf mupjhfNt
,Uf;fpd;wd. ,J kdpjHfs; czT
rq;fpyp njhlup cr;rj;jpw;F tUtij
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
kdpjH cgNahfpj;j f MAjq;fs;
$l gy tplaq;fis $Wfpd;wd. 200
Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;Fk; 150 Mapuk;
Mz;LfSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyfl;lj;
jp cgNahfpf;fgl;l MAjq;fs; Vwf;
Fiwa xNukhjpupahdit. 150 Mapuk;
Mz;Lf;F gpd;dH ,tw;wpd; tbt
ikg;G khw;wkilfpd;wJ. kpff; $Hik
kpf;fdthf ,Uf;fpd;wd. J}u ,lj;jp
,Ue;J jhf;Ftjw;F Vw;g khWfpd;wd.
,we;j clfSld; f MAjq;fis
Ak; NrHj;J Gijf;Fk; rk;gpujhaKk;
rpy ,lq;fsp fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,J
,e;j MAjq;fSf;F Mjp kdpjH
nfhLj;j Kf;fpaj;ij fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
kw;w tpyq;fpdq;fis NghyyhJ R+o
yp ,Ug;gtw;iw jkf;F rhjfkhf
kdpjH gad;gLj;j njhlq;Ffpd;wdH.
,e;j rk ntspfs; rhjfkhf ,Ue;jJ
vd;W ghHj;Njhk;. Mdh> R+oyp Vw;
gLk; khWjfs; kl;Lk;jhd; capup
dq;fspd; gutiy epHzapf;fpd;wJ
vd;gjpiy. capupdq;fs; ,dg;ngUf;
fk; nra;tjw;F rf ,dj;jp cs;s kW
ghyUld; cwT nfhs;s Ntz;baJ
mtrpak;. ,jp ahUldhd cwT
vd;gjp NjHT Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. gy
kpUf FLk;gq;fsp kWghyupd; ftHr;
Kd;ndLf;fpd;wd (sexual selection).
rpia mjhtJ moif itj;J NjHit
ngUk;ghyhd capupdq;fsp ngz;gh
capupdq;fs;jhd; ve;j Mz;gh cap
updj;Jld; cwTnfhz;L re;jjpia
ngUf;fyhk; vd;W jPHkhdpf;fpd;wd.
,jw;F gwitfs; ey cjhuzk;.
,jdhjhd; Mz; gwitfs; ngz;
gwitfSld; xg;gpLifap kpf mo
fhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mofhd Njhifia
Mz; kap itj;Js;sJ. kdpjHfsp
$l mtHfs; NtLt r%fkhf ,Ue;j
fhyk;tiu ngz;fNs ve;j MZld;
cwTnfhs;tJ vd;gij jPHkhdpg;gtH
fshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mz;fspd; cauk;>
fs; (feminist fetures)> mlHj;jpahd Kb
fz;fs;> ngz;rhaiy xj;j Kfq;
Nghd;wit NtLt r%f ngz;fspd;
NjHthf mikj;jJ.
(njhlUk;...)

gl;l fhyfl;lj;jp Mgpupf;fhtp GJ
,dkhf cUthfpd;wdH. ,Jjhd; etPd
kdpj ,dj;jpd; njhlf;fk;. ,J jw;
Nghd;w gy jftfis mwpayhk;.
,jp Rthuprpak; vd;dntdp fz;nl
Lf;fg;gl;l rpy gbk vYk;Gfsp
kugan.s@thaiveedu.com
,jw;F ,tHfs; iffSk; ngupa %is
Ak; if nfhLf;fpd;wJ. etPd kdpj
upd; gupzhk tsHr;rpap kdpjupd;%is
- 98 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
thrpg;Gf;F tsk; NrHf;Fk; fiyKfk;
wj;jho xd;gJ khjq;fspd;
V gpd;duhd ‘fiyKfk;’ ,j
opd; tUif ,yf;fpa thr
fHfis kfpo;tpf;fpwJ! <Hf;fTk; nra;
fpwJ! vd;gJ Kfkd; my.
2020 [{iy - nrg;lk;gH fhyhz;bw;fhd
69MtJ ,jo; Mf];l; ,Wjp thuj;jp
NyNa thrfHfspd; iffSf;F te;
jpUf;fpwJ.
fhyhz;bjo; vd;Nw milahsg;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhYk; fiyKfk; xt;nthU
fhyhz;bYk; te;jjhfTk; ,iy.
mjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; gyg;gythf
,Ug;gijAk;> ,yf;fpar; rpw;wpjo;fs;
midj;Jf;Fkhd mt;tf;fhyj;ija
nghJthd gpur;rpidNa mitfs; vd;
gJk; cz;ikNa!. vd;whYk;> thrfH
fSf;Fj; Njit me;j Muha;ty!
te;jpUf;Fk; ,jo; thrpf;fj;jUtJ vd;d
vd;gNj!
kpf ePz;l ,ilntspf;Fg; gpd; ntsp
te;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j 69 MtJ ,jo;
%yk; fiyKfj;jpd; nghWg;ghrpupaH
nrkH vkp thrfHfSld; ,g;gb
ciuahLfpd;whH.
‘fiyKfk; 68 MtJ ,jo; ntspte;J
%d;W fhyhz;Lfs; fle;Jtpl;l epiy
ap ,e;j 69 MtJ Gjpa ,jo; cq;
fs; fuq;fis te;jilfpwJ. ehk;
epidg;gjw;Fk; eilKiw rhj;jpag;
ghLfSf;Fk; ,ilap vg;NghJNk
ngUk; Nghuhl;lk; jhd;. vdpDk; mjid
ntd;W fiyKfk; njhlHe;Jk; jd;
tuit epfo;j;jpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
jkJ gilg;Gf;fis KfE}ypYk; NtW
kpd; Clfq;fspYk; gjpNtw;wp tpl;L
clDf;Fld; fpilf;fpd;w tpUg;Gf;Fwp
fspYk; fUj;Jf;fspYk; vOj;JyfKk;
kfpo;e;jpUf;Fk; ,f;fhyj;jp ,jo;fSf;
fhf gilg;Gf;fis toq;fptpl;L mit
mr;rp ntsptUk; fhyk; tiu nghW
ikAld; fhj;jpUf;Fk; gilg;ghsHfs;
Nghw;Wjw;FupatHfNs. ,e;j ,jo;
fle;j khHr; 2020, ntspapLtjw;fhd
Maf;fq;fs; epiwthfpf; nfhz;bUe;j
fhyj;jp nfhNuhdhitu]; jd; Nfhu
Kfj;ij cyfpd; jpirnaq;Fk; fhl;
lj; njhlq;fpapUe;jJ. ehk; cl;gl
cyfNk Klq;fpg; NghdJ. MWyl;rj;
Jf;F Nkw;gl;l kdpj capHfs; gyp
nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. cyfpd; mjpcaH
tpUJ tpohthd Nehg gupR> tpis
ahl;L tpohthd xypk;gpf;];> Nghd;w
gy epfo;Tfs; r%f> fiy ,yf;fpa>
Md;kPf tho;tp ,uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;
Ls;sd. myJ NtWtbtk; vLj;Js;
sd. ,j;jifa gpd;dzpap nfhNuh
dhtpd; Mjpf;fj;jpypUe;J ,yq;if
tpLgl;L tpl;ljh ,iyah vd;gNj
njupahJ - ,aGf;Fj; jpUk;GjYf;Fk;
jpUk;ghikf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jp
fiyKfk; ntspte;Js;sJ...’ vd;W ePs;
fpwJ MrpupaH ciu.
toikahf 80 gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;b
Uf;Fk; fiyKfj;jpd; ,e;j 69 MtJ
,jo; rw;Nw ngupjhfp 96 gf;fq;fisf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
2020
‘Ngrg; ngupJk; ,dpaha; eP’ vd;Dk;
ep[dpd; gj;jp vOj;Jj; jiyg;igg;
NghyNt NgRtjw;Fg; ngupJk; ,dpa
jhfTk; thrpg;gpw;Fg; ngupJk; ts%l;L
tjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;w ,jo; fiyKfk;.
,jOf;Fs; Eioe;jJNk ‘%jwpQH M.
rghuj;jpdk; mtHfs; aho;. nghJ
n`lf;fupd; ‘Existence and Being’ E}yp
E}yfj;jpypUe;J vLj;jpUe;j ‘khHbd;
D}lhf> ftpQH N`hHlHypd;: nka;ap
arpe;jidahsH khHl;bd; n`lf;fH.
ekJ kz;zpd; %jwpQH M. rghuj;-
jpdk; MfpNahiu mwpKfk; nra;fpd;
whH> eh. etuh[; mtHfs;. N[Hkdpapd;
`pl;yH fhyj;jpdjhd ,e;j E}ypd;
Mq;fpy nkhopngaHg;igj;jhd; M.
rghuj;jpdk; aho;. nghJrd E}yfj;jpyp
Ue;J vLj;J xU khztdpd; Njitf;
fhf mijj; jkpohf;f Kide;jpUe;j
jp fl;Liu njhlq;FfpwJ. xU Gj;j
fj;jpd; gpukhz;lkhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Ngrg;gLfpwJ ,q;Nf.
xU E}yfj;jpDs; EiotJNghyNt
,t;tpjOf;Fs; EioAk; ekf;F xt;
nthd;W xt;nthd;whf ngUkjpkpf;f
E}fs; ghHitf;Fj;jug;gLfpd;wd.
jpUkiwf; fyhkd;w ,af;FeUk; fiy
Kfj;jpd; gpujk MrpupaUkhd eP. kupa-
NrtpaH mbfshupd; ,uz;L Gjpa
E}fs; gw;wpa nra;jp mLj;jJ.
fhyj;jpd; jlq;fs; fiyKfk; MrpupaH
jiyaq;fq;fspd; njhFg;G. kiwngh
Us; ehlfq;fs; - njhFjp 1> rp. uNk\pd;
njhlH fl;Liu vLj;J itf;Fk; E}
fs; %d;W: Nrddpd; ‘yz;ld;fhuH’>
N\hgh rf;jpapd; ‘,r;rh’> Njtfhe;jdpd;
‘ejpNk jdpj;jiyAk; rpWGs;’ Mfpa
%d;W ehtfs;.
v];.Nf. tpf;Nd];tudpd; gj;jpg; gFjp
ghHfj;J}z;Lk; E}fs; MW: ‘fhw;wp
vOJj’ - Nrudpd; ftpijfs; kiy
ahs nkhopngaHg;ghf. ,sq;Nfhtpd;
(b.Nr. jkpod;) ehtfs; ‘nkf;spf;Nfh’>
,sq;Nfhtpd; fl;Liuj; njhFg;G ‘cjp
Uk; epidtpd; tHzq;fs;’> fhyk; nr
tj;jpd; ‘nrhw;fsp RoYk; cyfk;
(tho;tDgtq;fs;)> Mde;j gpurhj;jpd;
eht ‘nrhyg;glhj; fij’.
Nfjhuehjdpd; rpdpkhj;jlk;. gd;nkhopj;
jpiug;glq;fs; gw;wpa tpkHrdf; fl;L
iufs; njhFjp.
E} kjpg;gPLfs; jUk; E}fhl;rpfs;
MW!. Njth nkhopngaHj;Js;s eht
‘vd; ngaH tpf;Nlhupah - mUz; nkhop
tHkd;. rPkhd; gj;jpehjd; gHzhe;Jtpd;
eht ‘FQ;ruk; CHe;NjhH’ - ,a
tHzd;. md;Guhrh mbfshupd; ‘mjpHT
fs; 2’ - fzgjp rHthde;jh. jpUkiy
rp. kjd; vOjpa ‘xU thdk; ,U
epyT’ eht - rp. uNk\;. thfiu thz
dpd; ‘kl;lf;fsg;Gf; fhtpak;’ - e. Ffg-
ud;. XtpaH Mir ,uhirahtpd; ‘tpk;
gk;’ - gp.v];. mgpul;.
vz;zpg; ghHj;jh 17 E}fs;! xt;
nthd;Wk; xt;nthU ufk;. xU thrpfrh
iyf;Fs; elg;gijg; Nghd;w czHT
Nkypl... ekf;Ff; fhl;lg;gLk; ,e;j
E}fs; fiyKfj;jpd; 20f;Fk; Nkw;
gl;l gf;fq;fsp fhl;rpjUfpd;wd.
%d;W mQ;rypf; fl;Liufs; JaH epid
Tfisg; gfpHfpd;wd. Xtpa MSik
Kj;ijah fdfrig gw;wpa mQ;ypf;
Fwpg;igj; je;jpUg;gtH <oj; jkpo; kz;
zpd; ,d;ndhU Xtpa MSikahd
Mir ,uhirah mtHfs;. ,e;jf; fl;L
iuNa mtupd; ,Wjpf;fl;LiuahfTk;
mike;J tpl;lik ngUe;JaNu! ,tH
mz;ikap ntspapl;l tpk;gk; vd;Dk;
ghupa E} gw;wpa mwpKff; Fwpg;Gk;
,e;j ,jop ,Uf;fpwJ. RftPdKw;W
rpfpr;ir ngw;W te;j epiyap Mf];l;
29 XtpaH Mir ,uhirah kuzk;
mile;Js;shH.
$j;Jf;fiyQH Nlkpad; #up gw;wpa
mQ;rypia Nah. Nahz;rd; uh[;Fkh
Uk;. thrpg;gh jd;id tsg;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;bUe;j Fkhurhkp FkhuNjtdpd;
kiwTf;fhd mQ;rypia r. uhNjaDk;
vOjpAs;sdH.
,it jtpuTk; Mf];l; 2019 ypUe;J
- 99 -
- njsptj;ij N[hrg; -
[{iy 2020 tiuahd fhyj;jp kiwe;j
vOj;jhsHfs; fiyQHfs; 40 NgHfSf;
fhd fiyKfj;jpd; mQ;ryp 17Mk;
gf;fj;jp ,Uf;fpwJ. XtpaH nghwh-
a];rp Muk;gpj;J 15.07.2020 kuzpj;j
gj;kh Nrhkfhe;jDld; epiwTWk; mQ;
rypfs; ,it. ,J 2020 Mk; Mz;Lf;
fhd Kj ,jo;.
2019 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd Kj ,jo;
fdlhtpd; gpugy XtpaUk; khHf;F kh];
lupd; Kf;fpakhd khzhf;fUkhd ,A+-
[pd; fUzhfud; tpd;rz;l;bd; (XtpaH
fUzh) Xtpaj;ij ml;ilap nghwpj;
Jf; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jJ.
22.02.2019 jdJ 50MtJ mfitap
kpfTk; mtrukhf ,t;Tyf tho;it
tpl;Nlfpa XtpaH fUzhit nfsutpf;
Fk; KfkhfNt fiyKfk; jdJ Kfg;
Nghtpaj;ij XtpaH fUzh tiue;j
Xtpaj;Jld; ntspl;bUf;fpwJ. fUzh
Tf;fhd mQ;rtpf; fl;Liu mNJ
,jop mUz;nkhoptHkd; mtHfsh
vOjg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
fdlhtpd; ,yf;fpa ,johd jha;tPL
ntspaPl;b kpf neUf;fkhdtuhf
,Ue;jtH XtpaH fUzh. mNj Nghyj;
jhd; XtpaH Mir ,uhirahTk;.
,e;j 69MtJ ,jop ,uz;L rpWfij
fSk; xU nkhopngaHg;Gr; rpWfij
Ak; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ftpijfSk; nkhop
ngaHg;Gf; ftpijfSk; cs;sd.
jhkiur; nrtpapd; NeHfhz ,t;tpj
ior; rpwg;gpf;Fk; ,d;Dk;nkhU mk;rk;.
thrpf;fTk; itj;jpUf;fTk; Ntz;ba
,jo; jpUkiwf;fyh kd;wj;jpd; ,yf;
fpa ,johd
‘fiyKfk;’.
theliwathai.joseph@thaiveedu.com
- 100 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
guhf;fpukghF Mf;Ftpj;j jkpo;E}
oj;jp Mf;fg;ngw;W ,d;W
< fpilf;fg; ngWk; jkpo;
E}fSs; MjpahdJ vd;W
fUjg;glf;$baJ ruNrhjpkhiy
vd;Dk; fhyf;fzpj (Nrhjpl) E}yhFk;.
,e;E}yhdJ guhf;fpukghF vd;Dk;
ngaUld; njd;dpyq;ifap jk;gnj
dpa ,uhr;rpaj;ij Mz;l rpq;fs kd;
dd; xUtdpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jp Mf;
fg; ngw;Ws;sJ vd;gijAk; Nkw;gb
E} ,k;kd;ddpd; muritap muq;
Nfw;wg;gl;l Mz;L> khjk;> ehs; vd;
gtw;iwAk; E} Kfg;gp fhzg;gLk;
xU jdpg;ghl %yk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s
KbfpwJ.
ciuj;jrftUlk;Mapuj;J,UE}w;
nwhUehnyl;b
,yFtre;jk;jd;dp
jupj;jpLitfhrpGjd;gidapd;ehsp
jk;igtsHguhf;fpukghFG+gd;
epUj;jitap ruNrhjpkhiy <uhW
va;Jglyk; E}w;nwhd;ghd;
Kg;ghdhd;fhk;
tpUj;jk;muq;Nfw;wpdhd;ew;Nghruhr
tpQ;irkiwNtjpadhk;GytNuNw
rftUlk; Mapuj;jpUE}w;WKg;gj;jpuz;L
(fp.gp.1310) itfhrp khjk; Gjd;fpoik
Ak; mD\el;rj;jpuKk; NrHe;j ed;dh
sp jk;gnjdpa guhf;fpukghF kd;
ddpd; fiy muq;fp gd;dpuz;L gl
yKk; njhs;shapuj;J Kg;gj;J ehd;F
tpUj;jg;ghf;fSk; nfhz;l ruNrhjp
khiy vd;Dk; E}iy Nghruhrd; vd;
Dk; gpuhkzg; GytH muq;Nfw;wpdhH
vd;gJ ,g;ghl jUk; jftyhFk;.
(gid ehs; vd;gJ mD\el;rj;jpuj;
ijf; Fwpf;Fk;).
jk;gnjdpa kd;dd; = guhf;fpukghF
jhd; Ml;rpgPlNkwpa VohtJ Mz;b
‘Nrhjplf;fiy gw;wpa E}nyhd;iwj;
jkpop ,aw;Wf’ vdf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;
ljd; Ngup ruNrhjp vd;gtupd; kf
Dk;> gQ;rhq;fk; fzpg;gtUk;> NjD
tiug;ngUkhs; vd;W miof;fg;gLg
tUkhd Nghruhr gz;bjH ruNrhjp-
khiy vd;Dk; E}ypid Mf;fpdhH vd;
gij jhk; Mf;fpa E}ypd; ghapug;gh
lfspd; %yk; E}yhrpupaNu njuptpj;
Js;shH.
G+khJ NkT Njhsd;
nghw;fkyj;J thO
khkhJ NrU khHgd;
khkzp ehlndq;Nfhd;
fhkhDQ; nrq;if ts;s
fjputd; kugp te;Njhd;
ghkhiy R+L kPspg;
guhf;fpukthF G+gd;
fdfkh kFlQ; R+bf;
fhrpdp aidj;Jq; fhf;Fe;
jdpkjpf; Filf;fPo;r; rpq;fh
jdj;jpd;Nk ,dpjpUe;J
kDnewp elj;jp thO
kq;fy Mz;L XHVop
,dpa Nrhjpl E}iyj;
jkpopdh ,ak;ngd;Nwhj
Gz;luPfj; jhHkhHgd; Gfo;r;
ruNrhjp ike;jd;
kz;lyk; vz;Ze; NjDtiug;
ngUkhs; vd;NwhJ
gz;bj Nghruhrd; guTew;
FUitg; Nghw;wpj;
jz;lkpo; tpUj;jg;ghthw;
ruNrhjpkhiy nra;jhd;
,e;jg; guhf;fpukghF ahH vd;gijAk;
,k;kd;dd; Nrhjpl E}nyhd;iwj; jkp
op Mf;Fk;gb jkpowpQH xUtiuf;
Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;
dzpiaAk; rw;W Nehf;fyhk;.
2020
,yq;ifap Nrhoupd; Mjpf;fk; Kb
Tf;F te;j fhyg;gFjpap ,yq;if
ghF (1055-1114 CE). ,f;fhyg;gFjp
kd;ddhf KbR+batd; Kjyhk; tp[a
ap Nrhog;Nguurpd; rf;futHj;jpahf
(1070-1120 CE).
,Ue;jtd; Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod;
tp[aghFkd;dd; jdJ rNfhjup kpj;
jhitg; ghz;ba ,sturd; xUt
Df;F kzk; Kbj;Jf; nfhLj;jhd;. kpj;
jtNd khdhguzd; (1110-1125 CE).
jhTf;Fk; ghz;ba ,sturDf;Fk; gpwe;
,e;j khdhguzDf;Fk; fypq;f Njrj;J
Kjyhk; guhf;fpukghF (1153-1186 CE).
,sturp uj;dhtspf;Fk; gpwe;jtNd
,yq;ifia xU Filf;fPo; Mz;l
ngUkd;dd; vd;W tuyhw;whrpupaH
fsh Nghw;wg;ngWk; Kjyhk; guhf;
fpukghF je;ij topap ghz;ba mur
tk;rj;JlDk; jha; topap fypq;f tk;
rj;jpdUlDk; ,uj;j cwT nfhz;ltd;.
guhf;fpukghFtpd; je;ijahfpa khdh
guzdpd; fhyj;jp [aghF vd;gtNd
,yq;ifapd; Nguurdhf mwpag;gLfpd;
whd;. mNjrkak; khdhguzd; njd;dp
yq;ifapd; xUgFjpf;Fr; rpw;wurdhf
,Ue;jhd;. khdhguzdpd; kw;WnkhU
kidtpapd; ngaH Re;jkyp Ms;thH.
,ts; FNyhj;Jq;fNrhodpd; kfs; vd;
gJ fntl;L xd;wpd; %yk; mwpag;
gLk; nra;jp. khdhguzDf;F tPu
ghF> tPug;ngUkhs; vd;Dk; ngaHfSk;
cz;L.
njd;dpyq;ifap GJKj;jht vd;Dk;
,lj;jp fpilf;fg;ngw;w fJ}z; rhr
dk; xd;wp gpd;tUk; thrfk; fhzg;
gLfpwJ.
‘= [aghF NjtHf;F ahz;L vl;lhtJ
ghz;badhH tPug;ngUkhs; ek;gpuhl;b
ahH FNyhj;Jq;fNrhoNjtH jpUkf
shH Re;jkyp Ms;thH tpf;fpukryh
NkfGuj;J tpf;fpukryhNkf <];tuk;
cilahHf;F re;jpuhjpj;jtH epd;nwupa
,l;l jpU ee;jhtpsf;F xd;Wf;F ,l;l
fhR gj;Jld; Kd;fhz; epyj;jp juh
epiy tpsf;F xd;W.’
mf;fhyg;gFjpap tlf;fpYk; njw;fp
Yk; jkpo; ,e;Jf;fSk; jkpo; ngsj;jH
fSk; rpq;fs ngsj;jHfSk; ehL
KOtJk; gutptho;e;J te;Js;sdH
vd;Nw fUjNtz;bAs;sJ. Ml;rpahsH
fs; ve;j kjj;ijr; rhHe;jtHfshf
,Ue;jhYk; ngUk;ghYk; kjrfpg;Gj;
jd;ik cilatHfshfNt ,Ue;Js;
sdH. xUrpyNu ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fhf
,Ue;Js;sdH
gz;ilf;fhye;njhl;L rpq;fs mur FLk;
gj;jtHfs; Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba kw;Wk;
fypq;f mur FLk;gq;fSld; jpUkz
cwT nfhz;bUe;jdH. ,J mtHf
Sf;F murpa uPjpahf mD$ykhf
Tk; ,Ue;jJ. ,j;jifa tuyhw;Wg;
gpd;dzpap 1310Mk; Mz;b ruNrh
jpkhiy vd;Dk; NrhjplE}iyj; jkp
op Mf;Fk;gb gzpj;j guhf;fpukghF
vd;gtd; Nrho murtk;rj;jtd; vd;W
Nkw;gb E}ypd; MrpupaH $wpapUg;gJ
Mr;rupak; jutpiy.
jk;ig fhtyd; thrj;
jhjfp khiy khHgd;
nrk;nghd; khtiuap ntw;wpr;
rpdg;Gyp nghwpj;j Nte;jd;
mk;G uhrpapid Nkdhs;
mKnjof; file;j khad;
Fk;gkhH KiyahH khHgd;
Nfhuthk; Gutp tPud;
ruNrhjpkhiy ghapuk;: ghl 2
Gypf;nfhbAk; Mj;jpkhiyAk; Nfhuk;
vd;Dk; GutpAk; Nrho kd;dUf;Nf cupa
rpd;dq;fs;. jkJ kd;dd; guhf;fpuk
ghFgw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ Nghruhrgz;b
jH ,k;kd;ddJ NrhoHFyg; ghuk;gup
aj;ij Rl;Ltijf; fhzKbAk;. Nrho
guk;giuap te;j xU kd;dd; ,yq;
ifap jkpo;E} xd;W Njhd;wf; fhu
zkha; ,Ue;jhd; vd;gJ ek;gfj;
jd;ik cila nra;jpahfNt cs;sJ>
,yq;if tuyhw;wp fp.gp. 13Mk; E}w;
whz;L kpfkpff; Fog;gkhd xU fhyg;
gFjpahFk;. Kjyhk; guhf;fpukghFtpd;
kiwTf;Fg; gpd;dH Vw;gl;l muRupikg;
Nghl;bfisj; njhlHe;J eprq;fkyd;
vd;gtd; fypq;f Njrj;jp ,Ue;J te;J
,yq;ifapd; Ml;rpAupikiag; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;lhd;. ,k;kd;dd; jPtpu ngsj;j
kj Mjuthsdhf ,Ue;jhd;.
eprq;fkydpd; kiwTf;Fg;gpdH ehl;
b kPz;Lk; Fog;gk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,f;
fhyg; gFjpap Ml;rpap ,Ue;jtHfs;
epiyahd Ml;rpiaj; juKbatpiy.
vdpDk; eprq;fkydpd; jPtpu ngsj;j
kjr; rhHg;Gf; nfhs;iffisNa ,tH
fSk; njhlHe;J filg;gpbj;jdH. ,tH
fsJ eltbf;iffsp mjpUg;jpnfhz;
bUe;j irtj; jiytHfs; rpyH cjtp
Nfl;L ,e;jpahTf;F csthspfis
mDg;gpitj;jdH. ,e;j csthspfs;
%yk; ,yq;ifapd; ];jpukw;w murp
a epiyia mwpe;Jnfhz;l khNfhd;
(fypq;f khfd;) vd;gtd; fypq;fehl;b
(,d;iwa xb\h khdpyk;) ,Ue;J
- 101 -
- ghy. rptflhl;rk; -
Gwg;gl;L ,uz;lhapuk; giltPuHfS
ld; ,yq;ifap te;jpwq;fpdhd; vd;W
$Wfpd;wJ kl;lf;fsg;G G+Htrupj;jpuk;
vd;Dk; E}.
fypq;f khfd; 20>000 giltPuHfSld;
,yq;if te;jjhfr; rpq;fs tuyhw;W
E}fs; $Wfpd;wd. fp.gp. 1215Mk;
Mz;lstp ,yq;ifapd; tlgFjpap
khfdJ Ml;rp epiyngw;wJ.
fypq;f khfdpd; giltPufSs; ngUk;
ghyhNdhH Nruehl;ltH MtH. ,tHfs;
‘ehq;fs; NfusHfs;’ vd;W Nfh\kpl;l
gb nghJkf;fs; mzpe;jpUe;j Mil
Mguzq;fis mgfupj;Jk; ngsj;j
topghl;Lj;jyq;fis mopj;Jk; rka
E}fis vupj;Jk; Gupe;j ml;lfhrq;
fisAk; ehl;Lkf;fSf;F NeHe;j mt
yq;fisAk; R+stk;rk; tpupthf vLj;
Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
khNfhdpd; tUiff;Fg;gpd;dH ,yq;if
ap jkpo;g;ngsj;jHfs; vd;NghH ,yh
k NghapdH vd;fpwhH tuyhw;Wg; Nguh-
rpupaH gj;kehjd; mtHfs;. mjpjPtpu
irtrkar; rhHGila khNfhdpd; tU
iff;Fg;gpd;dH ,yq;ifj; jkpoH kj;
jpap jkpo;g;ngsj;jHfs; kl;LkyhJ
jkpo;itztHfSk; mUfpg;NghapdH
vd;Nw fUjNtz;Lk;. ,jid kl;lf;
fsg;Gg; G+HtPfr; rupj;jpuj;jp tUk;
xU Fwpg;G czHj;Jfpd;wJ.
khNfhdpd; tUiff;F Kd;dH kl;lf;
fsg;gp ehkjhupfspd; (itztHfspd;)
mjpfhuk; Nknyhq;fp epd;wjhfTk; mtH
fs; rpthyaq;fis ,bj;J mtw;wpd;
nrtj;ijr; Nrhoehl;Lf;F mDg;gpa
jhfTk; Fwpg;gpLk; kl;lf;fsg;Gg; G+Ht
rupj;jpuk;> khNfhd; kl;lf;fsg;Gf;F te;j
NghJ ‘ehkjhupfisg; gpbj;Jf; fz;
fisg;gwpj;J Koq;fh rpYfis
vLj;Jtpl;Lk; rpyiu thSf;fpiuahf;
fpdhd;’ vd;Wk; njuptpf;fpd;wJ.
ngsj;jkj tpNuhjf; nfhs;ifiaf;
filg;gpbj;j khfdpd; Ml;rp nghyd;
dWitap epiyngw;wijj; njhlHe;J
rpq;fs ngsj;j kd;dHfs; jkJ Ml;rp
gPlj;ijj; njd;gFjpf;F khw;wpf; nfhz;
lhHfs;. %d;whk; tp[aghF vd;W mwp
ag;gLk; kd;dd; xUtNd ,f;fhyg;
gFjpap jk;gnjdpa ,uhr;rpaj;ij
cUthf;fpdhd;. ,k;kd;dd; fp.gp. 1220
Mk; Mz;lstp jk;gnjdpa ,uhr;rp
aj;jpd; murdhf KbR+l;bf;nfhz;lhd;.
,tDk; ,tdJ kfdhd ,uz; lhk;
guhf;fpukghFTk; eyptile;jpUe;j
ngsj;jkjj;Jf;Fk; rpq;fsnkhopf;Fk;
Gj;JapH nfhLg;gjw;F ngUKaw;rp vLj;
jdH. ,tHfSs; ,uz;lhk; guhf;fpuk
ghFtpd; Kaw;rpfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.
rpq;fsk;> jkpo;> rk;];fpUjk;> ghsp
Mfpa nkhopfsp ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;w
,k;kd;dDf;F ‘fypfhy rhfpj;jpa rH
tf;Q gz;bjd;’ vd;w tpUJk; toq;fg;
gl;lJ.
fypq;f khfidAk; mtdJ Nfusg;gil
apdiuAk; nghyd;dWitap ,Ue;J
tpul;babg;gjp ,uz;lhk; guhf;fpuk
ghFTk; mtdJ ike;jUk; ntw;wp
fz;ldH.
NruHfs; guhf;fpukghF kd;ddpd; ghjq;
fsp tPo;e;J tzq;Fk;NghJ mtHfsJ
Kbfsp gjpf;fg;ngw;wpUe;j ,uj;jp
njhlu;jy; 102k; gf;fk;
- 102 -
guhf;fpukghF...
101k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
df;fw;fs; cuRtjh rpte;J Nghd
ghjq;fis cilatd; vd;W ,td;
Gfog;gLfpd;whd;.
thuz nkl;Lk; ghk;G
kfpo;Tw tsHe;j Njhshd;
NfhuntQ; rkup ntd;W
Fytpa thif thshd;
NruyH kFl uj;de;
Nja;Twr; rpte;j jhshd;
NgUy fidj;Jk; thog;
gpwe;j G+uhl ehshd;
ruNrhjpkhiy ghapuk;: ghl 3
jk;ignjdpa kd;dd; ,uz;lhk; guhf;
fpukghFTk; mtdJ ike;jUk; fypq;f
khfidAk; mtdJ Nruehl;Lg;gil
fisAk; vjpHj;J ntw;wp <l;ba nra;
jpNa ,q;F epdT $ug;gLfpd;wJ vd
Cfpf;fyhk;.
,uz;lhk; guhf;fpukghF jdJ ,Wjpf;
fhyj;jp Ie;J kf;fisAk; mioj;Jg;
gpd;tUkhW $wpajhf R+stk;rk; njup
tpf;fpd;wJ.
“vdJ gps;isfNs! ,e;jpa mur FLk;
gj;Jg; ngz;fis rPjdj;Jld; ,q;F
tutioj;jjd; %yk; mq;Fs;s gpuGf;
fis cq;fSf;F cwtpdHfs; Mf;fp
tpl;Nld;. R+upa> re;jpu tk;rj;jtuhd
Nrho> ghz;ba tPuHfs; vdf;F kzp
KbAk; Mguzq;fSk; mDg;gpitj;
Js;sdH. ,e;j ,yq;ifia cq;fsp
ilNa gq;fpl;Lf;nfhz;L Ml;rpnra;
Aq;fs;. mtrpak; Vw;gLk;NghJ xU
tUf;nfhUtH Mjuthfr; nraw;gLq;
fs;. ehl;bd; gytPdj;ij vjpupf;Ff;
fhl;bf;nfhLf;fhjPHfs;.”
,uz;lhk; guhf;fpukghFtpd; ,e;j mwp
Tiuia ,tdJ Ie;J GjtHfSk;
ve;j msTf;F Vw;W ele;jhHfs; vd;
gij mwpa Kbatpiy. ,k;kd;ddpd;
kiwTf;Fg; gpd;dH ,tHfs; vd;d
MdhHfs; vd;gJ gw;wpa tpupthd
jf t vjidAk; R+stk;rj;jp
fhzKba tpiy.
ruNrhjpkhiyap ,lk;ngw;Ws;s xU
ghlypd; %yk; ,e;E}ypid Mf;Fk;gb
Nghruhr gz;bjiug; gzpj;j kd;dd;
guhf;fpukghFTld; $lg;gpwe;NjhH eh
tH vd;gijAk; ,tHfs; ,tDf;F cW
Jizahf ,Ue;J ehl;bd; gNtWg
Fjpfis Mz;L te;Js;sdH vd;gij
Ak; Cfpf;fKbfpwJ.
NridAk; nghUSk;tho;Tk;
Nkd;ikAk; rpwg;Gk;rPUk;
jhdKk; newpAk;Xq;f
jd;Dld; cjpj;JthOk;
Mdeh thifNte;jH
mUe;jpir KOJk;fhf;f
khdew; jUkd;vd;d
khepyk; Gfotho;e;J
ruNrhjpkhiy ghapuk;: ghl 6
,jid Nehf;Fkplj;J ruNrhjpkhiy
vd;Dk; NrhjplE}iy Mf;Ftpj;jtd;
,uz;lhk; guhf;fpukghFtpd; Ie;J
ike;jHfSs; xUtdhd guhf;fpukgh
Fthf ,Uj;j $LNkh vd;w Iak;
vOtijj; jtpHf;f Kbatpiy.
,f;fhyg;gFjp ghz;bag; gilnaLg;G
xd;Wk; epfo;fpd;wJ. ghz;bad; gilj;
jsgjp Gj;jupd; je;jjhJitf; ifg;
gw;wp vLj;Jr; nrfpd;whd;. ,jidj;
njhlHe;J guhf;fpukghF vd;Dk; nga
Uila xU kd;dd; ,e;jpah nrd;W
ghz;ba kd;did Neup re;jpj;Jg;
jha; tPL
Ngrp xU cld;ghl;Lld; je;jjhJit
kPsg;ngw;W ,yq;iff;Ff; nfhz;L
tUfpwhd;. ,td; %d;whk; guhf;fpuk
ghF vd;W R+stk;r nkhopngaHg;gp
milahsk; fhzg;gLfpwhd;. ,k;kd;
dNd ruNrhjpkhiy Njhd;wf; fhuzh
khapUe;jtd; vd;gJ nfhl;wpq;udpd;
KbghFk;.
,tidj;jtpu ehd;fhk; guhf;fpukghF
myJ ,uz;lhk; gz;bj guhf;fpu
kghF vd;w ngaup ,d;Dk; xU
tid w[uj;dhfu epf;fha rq;uf> jyjh
rpupj Nghd;w xU rpy tuyhw;W E}fs;
jk;gnjdpa ,uhr;rpaj;Jld; njhlHG
gLj;Jtjh ruNrhjpkhiyia Mf;F
tpj;jtd; ,tHfSs; ahH vd;w Nfs;tp
vOfpd;wJ.
Gj;jupd; je;jjhJtpd; (Gdpjg; gypd;)
tuyhw;iwf;$Wk; ‘jyjh rpupj’ vd;Dk;
rpq;fs E} vOjg;ngw;w NghJ guhf;
fpukghF vd;Dk; ngaUila kd;dd;
xUtNd Ml;rpap ,Ue;jjhf me;E}
%yk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
jyjhrpupjTk; ruNrhjpkhiyAk; gjp
ide;J tUl fhy ,lntspap vOjg;
ngw;Ws;sd. je;jjhJtpd; G+irf; fpu
kq;fis ‘jyjh rpupj’ tpsf;fkhf vLj;
Jiuf;fpd;wJ. guhf;fpukghF kd;dd;
ehs; jtwhk je;jjhJTf;Fg; G+ir
fs; nra;Jte;jhd; vd;gijAk; R+s
tk;rk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. je;jjhJtpd;
G+irah (E}W ahfq;fisr; nra;tj
dh ngWk; gyidg; ngw;W) ,e;jpu
Df;F epfuhf Mdtd; vd;W rkfhy
kd;dd; guhf;fpukghFit ruNrhjp
khiy MrpupaH Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH.
ePjpAk; nghiwAk; md;G
ndwpAk; XHtbtk; MNdhd;
Nfhjp Mapukh kj;j
FQ;ruj; jhid uhrd;
NkjF fUiz jd;dh
tpsq;Fkh Kdptd; je;j
jhJtpd; G+irahYk; rjf;fpUjd;
mida jf;Nfhd;
ruNrhjpkhiy ghapuk;: ghl 2
,k;kd;ddpd; gpuj;jpNaf Mrpupauhf
Nrhoehl;Lg; ngsj;j %jwpQH xUtH
,Ue;jjhf rpq;fs tuyhw;W E}fs;
njuptpf;fpd;wd. ,td; jdJ Mrpup
auhd Nrhoehl;Lg; ngsj;j %jwpQH
xUtupd; cjtpAld; [hjff;fijfs;
midj;ijAk; Mokhfg; gbj;jwpe;jgpd;
mtw;iwg; ghspnkhopap ,Ue;J rpq;
fsj;Jf;Fj; jhNd nkhopngaHj;jhd;
vd;Wk;> gpd;dH jdJ muritap jpup
gplfj;ij ed;F fw;WzHe;j mwpQH
fisf; $l;b rpq;fs nkhopngaHg;gp
cs;s Fw;wq;Fiwfis ePf;fpagpd;
mtw;iwg; gpujpnaLf;f cj;jutpl;lhd;
vd;Wk; ‘R+stk;rk;’ kw;Wk; ‘RY uh[uj;-
dhfu’ Mfpa tuyhw;W E}fs; njuptpf;
fpd;wd. 11 Nkw;gb E} ‘Ie;E}w;iwk;
gJ [hjff; fijfs;’ vd;w ngaup
mwpag;gLfpwJ.
fp.gp. 12Mk; E}w;whz;b Nrhoehl;Lg;
ngsj;jgpf;Fthd Gj;jkpj;jpuH vd;gt
uh Mf;fg;ngw;w tPuNrhopak; vd;Dk;
jkpo; ,yf;fzE}iyj; jOtpa ‘rplj;
rq;fwt’ vd;Dk; rpq;fs ,yf;fzE}
,k;kd;ddpd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpNyNa
Mf;fg; ngw;wpUj;j$Lk; vd;gJ tu
yhw;W Ma;thsHfspd; fUj;jhFk;.
ftpj; jifikiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
,k;kd;dDk; gz;bj guhf;fpukghF
vd;W miof;fg;ngw;whd;. ,uz;lhk;
guhf;fpukghFit mLj;J ‘gz;bj’
vd;w milnkhopiag; ngw;w kd;dd;
,tdhthd;.
jkJ kd;dd; xU rpwe;j ftpQd; vd;
gij ‘ghtpdhw; Gide;j nrQ;nrhw;
guhf;fpukthF’ vd;w nrhw;nwhlH %yk;
mwpaj;jUfpwhH Nghruhr gz;bjH.
• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
ehtpdh cyNfhH Nghw;W
ew;fjpHg; gupjp Ar;rp
Nktpdh Fw;wk; ahTk;
kpFe;J ,lH va;JNkDk;
ghtpdh Gide;j nrQ;nrh
guhf;fpukthF nrq;iff;
fhtpdh Vw;WNshHfs; fyp
vdj; jzpAkd;Nw.
ruNrhjpkhiy: FzhFzg;glyk;: ghl 142
jk;gnjdpa Ml;rpgPlk; Vwpa guhf;fpu
kghF rpq;fhrdj;jp mkHe;j VohtJ
Mz;b NrhjplE} xd;iwj; jkpop
Mf;Fk;gb jk;ikf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;
ljhf Nghruhr gz;bjH $WfpwhH.
,jid Vw;Wf;nfhz;l Nghruhr gz;b
jH jhk; vOjpKbj;j ruNrhjpkhiy
vd;Dk; NrhjplE}iy fp.gp.1310 Mk;
Mz;L itfhrp guhf;fpukghFtpd;
fiy muq;fp muq;Nfw;WfpwhH.
,j;juTfis MuhAkplj;J fp.gp.1303
, gz;bj guhf;fpughF vd;Dk; nga
Uld; jk;gnjdpa kd;ddhf KbR+l;lg;
ngw;w xUtNd ruNrhjpkhiyia Mf;
Ftpj;jtd; vd;w KbGf;F tuKbAk;.
,tid ehd;fhk; guhf;fpukghF m
yJ ,uz;lhk; gz;bj guhf;fpukghF
vd;W Fwpg;gplyhk;.
ruNrhjpkhiyia Mf;fpa Nghruhrgz;
bjH> NjDtug; ngUkhs; vd;W miof;
fg;gl;lH. nja;Nte;jpuefH> njTEtu>
njtpEtu vd;nwyhk; miof;fg;ngw;w
NjDtu (Dondra) ,yq;ifapd; njd;
Kidf; flw;fiuap mike;jpUe;j
JiwKfg; gl;bdkhFk;. IQ;E}W Mz;
LfSf;F Kd;dH RWRWg;Gld; ,aq;
fpa JiwKfg; gl;bdkhf kl;LkyhJ
mq;Fs;s kpfg;Guhjdkhd tp\;Z
NfhtpYf;fhfTk; ,yq;if tuyhw;wp
NjDtu jdp ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
fp.gp. 1409Mk; Mz;L rPdhtpd; ehd;fpq;
efup jkpo;> rPdk;> ghurPfk; Mfpa
%d;W nkhopfspYk; fw;gyifap vO
jg;gl;Lg; gpd;dH ,yq;ifap ehl;lg;
ngw;w Kk;nkhopr; rhrdk; xd;W NjD
dynasty) rPdg;Nguurd; Aq;-nyh (Yung-lo
tu ehadhHf;F kpq; murtk;rj;J (Ming
fp.gp.1360-1424) tpdh nfhLf;fg;gl;l
fhzpf;if gw;wpa tpguq;fisj;jUfp
jsgjpahd rpd;Nth (Cheng-Ho) tpdh
wJ. kd;dd; Aq;-Nyhtpd; flw;gilj;
fhypap ehl;lg;ngw;w ,e;j Kk;nkh
opr;rhrdj;jpd; jkpo;g;gFjp gpd;tUkhW
Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.
‘];t];jp
,uhrhjpuhr guNkRud; G+uzre;jpug;
gpufhrd; rPdj;jp kfh ,uhrh ,yq;fh
uhr;rpaj;jp ehadhH Njdtiu eha
dhHf;Fj; jpUKd; fhzpf;ifahf eha
dhH gpufhrk; Nfl;L J}jH rpd;Nth
ctpd;Rapd;d ifapNy tuf;fhl;bdJ.’
,yq;ifapd; njd;Kidap mike;
jpUe;j NjDtu ehadhH Nfhtpypd;
Gfo; mf;fhyg;gFjpap rPdhtiu gutp
apUe;jij ,r;rhrdk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
fpd;wJ.
fp.gp. gjpd;%d;whk; E}w;whz;b NjD
tu gpuhkzf;Fbfs; epiwe;jpUe;j gpuk
NjakhfTk; tpsq;fpaJ.
fp.gp. gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;
jp Nfhl;il ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kd;ddhf
tpsq;fpa Vohk; tp[aghFtpd; Ml;rpf;
fhyj;Jf;Fupa (fp.gp.1509-1521) NjNte;
jpuKidj; Njthyaj;Jr; nrg;NgL
xd;wp NjDtug;ngUkhs; vd;Dk; gpuh
jhf vr;.rp.gp. ng (H.C.P. Bell) vd;g
kzH xUtupd; ngaH ,lk;ngw;Ws;s
tiu Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b ,yq;if tu
yhw;wwpQH guztpjhd $wpAs;shH.
,jd;%yk; NjDtug;ngUkhs; vd;gJ
xUtupd; ,aw;ngaH my> mJ
njhlu;jy; 103k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
guhf;fpukghF...
102k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
Nfhtp epHthfj;Jld; njhlHGila xU
gjtpapd; ngaH vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
,e;jg; gpd;dzpap NjDtug;ngUkhs;
vd;W mwpag;gl;l itztg;gpuhkzUk;
Nrhjpl tYeUkhd Nghruhrgz;bjH>
,uz;lhk; gz;bj guhf;fpukghFtpd;
Ml;rpf; fhyj;jp NjtefH vd;wiof;
fg;ngw;w njtpEtutp mike;jpUe;j
Gfo;ngw;w cGtd; (tp\;Z) Nfhtp
njhlHghd tplaq;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd
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tfpj;Js;shH vdf;fUjKbAk;.
tlnkhopahfpa rk];fpUjj;jp flnyd
tpupe;Jfplf;Fk; rhjfgyd;fs; midj;
ijAk; jkpopNy jUtjw;F KUfid
tzq;Ffpd;w FWKdpahfpa mfj;jpa
iuj; jtpu NtWahH ,t;itafj;jp
cs;shH vd;W mitalf;fj;Jld; $wp
epw;fpd;whH.
khjtKdptH $Wk;
tlnkhop thup vd;Dk;
rhjfgyd;fs; jk;ikj;
jkpopdh rhw;wNtz;b
G+jyk; jd;dp ahtH
tytH Ffidg;Nghw;Wk;
jPjW Kdptd; myh
nrg;Gj mupJ khNjh.
ruNrhjpkhiy: rhjfg; glyk; ghl 5
fhHf;fpad; tpahod; khz;ltpad; kw;Wk;
[dhHj;jdd; MfpNahuJ tlnkhopE}
fis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bAs;shH.
fhyNk ed;whnkd;W fhHf;fad;
ciuj;jhd; vd;WQ;
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rFdNk ,dpjhnkd;whd;
2020
Nfhy khz;ltpad; cz;Zk;
nfhs;ifahk; vd;WQ; nrhd;dhd;.
rPykh kiwNahH nrhNy
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ruNrhjpkhiy: ahj;jpiug; glyk;: ghl 52.
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NrUfpd;w Nkftz;zdhfpa kfhtp\;
Ztpd; kUfd; MidKfj;jhdpd; Gy
tHfs; Nghw;Wfpd;w nghw;ghjq;fisj;
jiyNk itj;Jg; Nghw;WfpwhH.
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nghw;gike;j
khNkf tz;zd; kUNfhd;
kjkhKfj;Njhd;
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gutpNaj;Je;
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nrd;dpNrHg;ghk;
ruNrhjpkhiy: tpehaf tzf;fk; ghl 1
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iuAk; Nghw;Wfpd;whH.
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nrfnkyhe; njhOJNghw;W
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fUizAk; mwpTk; xd;wha;
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Wk; jUkE}YQ; NrhjplE}Yk; Mf;fp
atH vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.
nre;jpU thOkhHgd;
rpdtud; ghjgj;jd;
Re;juj; jUkE}YQ;
NrhjplE}YQ; nra;Njhd;
Ge;jpapw; nwspe;jftpr;
ruNrhjp Nghruhrd;
ige;jkpo; tpUj;jg;ghth
XiuE} gfuYw;whd;
ruNrhjpkhiy: rhjfg;glyk;: ghl 2
rpwe;j Kiwap cyif MSk; NgW
ngw;w kd;dHfs; Nghw;Wfpd;w guhf;
fpukghF kd;ddpd; G+uhl el;rj;jpug;
gpwe;jehsd;W cyfpYs;NshH jkJ
ngUq; f\;lq;fsp ,Ue;J tpLtpf;
fg;gLtJNgh xUtupd; rhjfj;jp
nts;spAk; tpahoDk; gyk;nghUe;jp
atHfsha; epiyahd uhrpfsp epd;
wh jPHf;fKbahj Fw;wq;fs; vd;W
$wg;gLtd midj;Jk; xd;Wjpuz;L
fhzg;gbDk; mitaidj;Jk; ePq;fg;
ngWtJ epr;rak; vd;fpwhH Nghruhr
gz;bjH.
Neuhd nts;sp FU td;ikNahL
epiyahd NthiungwNt
jPuhj Fw;w KOJe; jpuz;L
nrwpDQ; rpwe;jnewpahw;
ghuhs te;j tukhd kd;dH
guTk; guhf;fpukGNard;
G+uhl ehsp cyNfhHfs;
jq;fs; edpjPik Nghd;WtpLNk
ruNrhjpkhiy: FzhFzg;glyk;: ghl 149
,yq;ifap rpq;fs ngsj;j kf;fs;
kj;jpap gps;is gpwe;jTld; rhjfk;
vOJtpj;j> jpUkzj;jpd;NghJ rhjfg;
nghUj;jk; ghHj;j Nghd;w tof;fq;
fs; ,d;Wk; njhlHtjw;Fk;> Nklrq;fp
uhe;jp ehsd;W rpj;jpiu kUj;JePH
itj;J ePuhb rpj;jpiug; Gj;jhz;L
nfhz;lhLk; tof;fk; Njhd;Wtjw;Fk;>
njd;dpyq;ifap ,e;Jf; flTsH top
ghLfs; guTtjw;Fk;> rpq;fs kd;dH
fspd; MjuT ngw;w Nghruhrgz;bjH
- 103 -
Nghd;w ,e;Jg; gpuhkzHfNs fhuz
kha; ,Ue;Js;shHfs; vd;gij Cfpf;f
Kbfpd;wJ. ,yq;if tho; ngsj;jH
fs; ,d;Wk;$l tpehafiuAk; tp\;
ZitAk; jkJ ngsj;j Nfhtpfsp
itj;J topgLtijf; fhzyhk;.
crhj;Jiz:
• ntq;fNlr IaH> ,. (gjpg;ghrpupaH).
ruNrhjpkhiy gjpg;G FNuhjd tU\k;
rpj;jpiu kP (1925)
• Paranavitana.S.,Two Tamil Pillar inscriptions
from Budumuttawa Epigrapahia Zeylanica VOL.III
Humphrey Milford, London, 1933 Pp.302-312
• fkyehjd; rh.,.> fkyh fkyehjd;
(gjpg;ghrpupaH)> kl;lf;fsg;G G+Htrupj;jpuk;>
• Culavamsa Trans. By Wilhem Geiger and from the
Fkud; Gj;jf ,yk; 2015
German into English by Mrs. C. Mabel Rickmers,
Ceylon Government Information Department,
Colombo, 1953.
• Codrington, H.W., A Short History of Lanka,
Macmillan and Co. Limited, London 1926
• Dalada Sirita, Trans. By V.D.S.Gunawardana,
Godage Brothers, 2008
• Sidath Sangarawa, Trans. By James de Alwis,
Goverment Printer, Colomo, 1852
[LBS Archival Product 1992]
• Paranavitana.S, The Tamil Inscription on the
Galle Trilingual slab, Epigraphia Zeylanica
VOL.III No.36 p.335, London 1933
• gj;kehjd; .rp <oj;J ,yf;fpaKk; tuyhWk;
• Bell.H.C.P, Report on the kegallae District, p.96
Fkud; Gj;jf ,yk; nfhOk;G 2004 g..272
quoted by Paranavitana.S, Epigraphia Zeylanica,
VOL.III p.334, London 1933
gpd;Fwpg;G: ,f;fl;Liu Mrpupaupd;
ruNrhjpkhiy - xU r%fg; gz;ghl;Lg;
ghHit (fhyf;fzpjk; ghfk;: 1) vd;
Dk; Ma;T E} 2015 Mk; Mz;b
nrd;id jukzpapYs;s cyfj;jkpoh
uha;r;rp epWtdj;jpdh ntspaplg;gl;
Ls;sJ.
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- 104 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
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gykhd vOj;jhsH jpU.
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gpd; rpWfijfs;> FW ehtfs;>
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glk; vd ,tupd; gq;fspg;G tpupt
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fpa tpUJ> tho; ehs; rhjidahsH
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vd gNtW tpUJfis jdJ gilg;G
fSf;fhf ngw;Ws;shH.
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fz;zhbahf mika Ntz;Lk;. ,jid
,tuJ vyh E}fspYk; fhzyhk;.
kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia jdJ vOj;Jf;
fspd; thapyhf gilg;ghf;fk; nra;
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rw;W tpgukhf $Wtjhapd; ,tH jpdrup
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Ak; mtuJ r%f czHTk;> r%fk;
ehq;fs; ghtpfshf ,Uf;fpNwhk; myJ 1983
njhlHghd mtuJ Mokhd ghHitAk;
vd... midj;Jk; ajhHj;j czHTld;
mtuJ gilg;Gfsp ntspg;gLtijf;
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,e;j E}iy ntspapl;l mjd; epWtdH
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jdJ gjpg;Giuap Fwpg;gpl;lijg;
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,dpg;G njhopw;rhiy vd fijia
kpf NeHj;jpahf efHj;jp ,Uf;fpwhH.
‘ehq;fs; ghtpfshf ,Uf;fpNwhk;’ vd;w
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Muk;gpf;Fk; eht mLj;J. 1983
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nfhz;L te;J epWj;JfpwJ. 3>000f;F
Nkw;gl;l jkpoHfs; nfhyg;gLfpwhH
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fg;gLfpd;wd. tPLfs;> njhopw;rhiyfs;>
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nfhs;is Ngha;f;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd.
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tPl;b ,Usp fjTfis G+l;bf;
nfhz;L FLk;gj;Jld; ciwe;J Ngha;
,Ue;jjhf fijia njhlq;FfpwhH.
‘gwj; jkpoHfis nfhYNthk;’ vd
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fs td;KiwahsHfis jdpnahU
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Neup ghHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w czHT
ekf;Fk; Vw;gLfpwJ.
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mryhf ,Ug;gjh thrpf;Fk; ehKk;
fijNahL gazpg;gij Nghd;wpUf;Fk;.
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Nuh Nfd; vd;gtw;Wld; jkpoHfis
Njb miyAk; NghJ> gs;sp nrd;w jd;
ngz; Foe;ijf;F vd;d ele;jNjh vd
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Mokhd vOj;jpd; CNl tbj;jpUg;ghH.
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nfhs;is NghtijAk;> jPap vwpe;J
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nra;fpwhH. jiytpupj;jhLk; td;Kiw
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,jw;F Jiz Nghtij Nfhgj;Jld;
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Fk; vd;W mwptpypfshd ehq;fs; vz;
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- 105 -
- neiy n[arpq; -
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Rit FiwahJ ehtiy nfhz;L nr
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jeyasingh@thaiveedu.com
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2020
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upLgtHfshf ,Ue;jdH. td;dp tpt
rhapfs; jdJ rPtpaj;jpw;fhd mstp>
gpiog;G+jpa epiyap> cw;gj;jp nra;
gtHfshf ,Ue;jdH.
tup tUkhdj;jpd; Mjhukhf tptrhag;
nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jpNa tpsq;fpaNgh
Jk;> murhq;fk; tptrha cw;gj;jpf;F
vt;tpjj;jpYk; epjp cjt Kd;tutpiy.
GJf;FbapUg;Gg; Nghd;w fpuhkq;fsp
Fsq;fs; ftdpg;ghuw;W tplg;gl;bUe;
jd. ta epyq;fSk; gapuplg;glhk
ntWkNd tplg;gl;bUe;jd. cyH jhdp
aq;fs; gapuplg;gLk; fhzpfs; $l
ntwpNj tplg;gl;ld. tptrha eltbf;
ifia Cf;fkspj;J Nkk;gLj;j mu
rhq;fk; vjidAk; nra;atpiy. kj;
jpa kiyehl;b ngUe;Njhl;l tpt
rhaj;ij Kd;Ndw;WtjpNyNa murhq;
fk; ftdk; nrYj;jpaJ. tptrhaf;
Fbahd; cw;gj;jpf;F Cf;fk; nfhLf;f
muR Kd;tutpiy. ngUe;Njhl;l
gapHr; nra;if %yk; ngwg;gLk; cw;
gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; Vw;Wkjpap jq;fp
apUg;gjhfg; nghUshjhuk; khw;wkile;
jjh> murhq;f MjuTk; ngUe;Njhl;
lj;Jiwf;Nf fpilj;jJ.
Fsq;fis jpUj;jpg; Gduikf;Fk;
Ntiyfs; nra;ag;gltpiy. fpuhkq;
fsp Fsq;fisg; guhkupf;Fk; toik
fs; Ngzg;glhk iftplg;gl;ld.
,jdh gapHr;nra;if epyq;fs; gho
ila tplg;glyhapd. Njf;fKw;Wg;
NghapUe;j fpuhkpa tptrhaj;ij Nkk;
gLj;j vLf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; ahTk;
fhyk; jho;j;jpr; nra;ag;gLtdthfTk;>
nghUj;jKk; njhlHr;rpAk; mw;wdthf
Tk; ,Ue;jd. cjhuzkhf 1832Mk;
Mz;b fl;lhf;fhyp khLfsh tpt
rhaf; fhzpfSf;F Vw;gLk; mopitj;
jLg;gjw;fhd xOq;F tpjpfs; ,aw;wg;
gl;ld. 1834, Fsq;fisj; jpUj;J
tjw;Fg; gzk; toq;fNtz;Lk; vd
Kd;nkhopT toq;fg;gl;lJ. MapDk;
,it Nghd;w eltbf;iffs; kpfr;
rpythfTk;> ,ilf;fpil Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gLtdthfTk; ,Ue;jd. Kw;whf
mope;J NghFk; epiyap ,Ue;j tpt
rhaf; Fbahd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F
capH %r;ir toq;fp mjidj; jiof;
fr; nra;tjw;F Ntz;badtw;iwr;
nra;af; $ba eywpTila MSeH
fs; 19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpap
NyNa gjtpNaw;wdH. me;E}w;whz;bd;
Kw;gFjpap tuz;l tyaj;jpd; tpt
rhak; Gwf;fzpg;Gf;F MshdJ.
neypd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;l tup cw;gj;
jpf;Fj; jilahf ,Ue;jJ. ne tupia
mwtpl;lik kf;ffspd; rPtdj;jpw;fhd
czT cw;gj;jpapd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;l
jilahfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,jdh czit
cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhd KjyPl;ilr;
nra;tjw;Nfh> fld;gl;NlDk; czit
cw;gj;jp nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w J}z;L
jNyh ,Uf;ftpiy. ,Ug;gpDk; td;dp
tptrhapfs; rpy Mz;Lfsp Mr;rup
ak; jUk; tifap eytpisitg;
ngw;wdH. 1834> 1835 Mfpa ,U Mz;
Lfsp neypd; cw;gj;jp caHthf
,Ue;jJ. ,J Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rhjid
ahFk;. tWikah thba td;dp tpt
rhapfspd; ew;fhykhf ,t;tpU Mz;
LfSk; mike;jjw;F ,t;Mz;Lfsp
ey kiotPo;r;rp fpilj;jikNa MFk;.
Vida Mz;Lfsp kiotPo;r;rp Fiwe;
jJ.
Kaw;rpAk; MHtKk; kpf;f mjpfhupfs;
$l td;dpapd; twpa tptrhapfspd;
epiyia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F Ntz;bad
tw;iwr; nra;J nfhLg;gjw;F gy
jilfs; ,Ue;jd. cjhuzkhf td;dp
ap cs;s Fsq;fs; gw;wpAk;> mf;F
sq;fis mz;kpj;j gFjpfsp cs;s
tptrhaf; fhzpfs; gw;wpAk; rupahd
Gs;sptpguj; jftfs; ,Uf;ftpiy.
,f;Fsq;fisAk;> fhzpfisAk; epy
msit nra;J epy msitg; glq;
fis tiue;J nfhs;tjw;F Ntz;ba
epy msitahsHfNsh> mjw;fhd epW
td mikg;Ngh td;dpap ,Uf;f
tpiy. Fsq;fisAk;> fhzpfisAk;
milahsk; fhZj> epy msit
nra;j Mfpatw;wpw;fhd Mszp td;
dpap ,Uf;ftpiy.
epiyik ,t;thwhf ,Ue;j NghJk;
,ilf;fpil rpy Kd;Ndw;w eltbf;if
fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. 1844Mk; Mz;
b> fhzp cupik njhlHghf rpy
jpUj;j eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gl;ld. Nridg; gapHr;nra;ifiaf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> mjw;Fupa tup
caHj;jg;gl;lJ. ePHg;ghrd trjpfis
Nkk;gLj;jp new;gapHr; nra;ifia
mjpfupf;f top nra;ahJ> Nridg;
gapur; nra;iff;F $Lj tupia mw
tpl;L mjidf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jj jPq;
fhd eltbf;ifahFk;. ,Ue;jNghJk;
,f;fhyj;jp new;nra;iff;fhf Kbf;
Fupa fhzpfs; tptrhapfSf;F gfpHe;
jspf;fg;gl;ld. ,jdh ne cw;gj;
jpap tptrhapfs; Cf;fk; fhl;bdH.
murhq;fk; toq;fpa cjtpia Vw;W
cw;gj;jpap tptrhapfs; MHtk; fhl;
bdH. ‘ehl;bd; vg;gFjpapYk; ,yhj
thW tptrhaj;jp RNjrpfs; MHtk;
fhl;bdH’ vd murhq;f mjpgH Fwpg;
gpl;lhH. kuGtopg;gl;l tptrhak; mur
MjuTlNdNa eilngw;wJ. murpd;
MjuT Fd;wpa fhyj;jp tptrhapfs;
Cf;fk; ,oe;jdH tptrhaKk; eypTw;
wJ.
1849 , td;dpapd; Fsq;fs;> ePHg;gh
rdk;> tptrhak; vd;gd gw;wp KOik
ahd mwpf;if xd;W ngwg;gl;lJ.
Fsq;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahdit gOj
ile;j epiyapNyNa ,Ug;gJ njupe;
jJ. mtw;iwj; jpUj;JtJ jw;fhypf
khdjhfTk;> mjpf gad;tpistpf;fhj
xd;whfTk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJk; njupe;jJ.
,jidtpl fhzpfspd; cupik njhlH
ghf murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; tptrhapfSf;
Fk; ,ilap gpzf;FfSk; ,Ue;jd.
fhzpfspw;fhd cWjpfis toq;Fk;
mjpfhuk; murplNk ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gpur;
rpid tptrhapfspd; Cf;fj;ij nfLg;
gjhfTk; cw;gj;jp Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fj;
jilahfTk; mike;jJ. td;dpap
tptrha cw;gj;jpia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;
Fupa topKiwfs; gw;wp mwpf;if
nahd;wp vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;lJ. mt;top
Kiwfsp xd;whf fhzpfspd; cupik
gw;wpa epr;raj;jd;ikAk; ghJfhg;G
czHTk; tptrhapfSf;F toq;fg;gL
- 107 -
jypd; mtrpak; gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;
bUe;jJ. td;dpap mur fhzpfspd;
tpw;gidapd; msTk; kpff; Fiwth
fNt ,Ue;jJ. murhq;f tpjpj;j tpiy
fsp fhzpfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;t
jw;F rf;jpaw;wtHfshf> td;dp kf;fs;
tWikap ,Ue;jNj ,jw;fhd fhu
zkhFk;.
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;w mwpf;if
fs; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; ngwg;gl;ld.
td;dpapd; tptrha epiyikfs; gw;wp
Muha;tJk;> Kd;Ndw;w eltbf;if
fis Nkw;nfhs;tJNk ,e;j mwpf;
iffs; vOjg;gl;ljw;fhd fhuzkhFk;.
MapDk; ,tw;wpd; gadhf ve;jtpj
Kd;Ndw;w eltbf;iffisAk; epiw
Ntw;w Kbatpiy> mwpf;iffspd;
gb eltbf;if vLf;fg;gltpiy.
KiwaPl;L tpz;zg;gq;fs; gy mDg;
gg;gl;l NghJk; td;dp tptrhapfs; 1893
tiu nekPjhd tupfis nrYj;jpdH.
mtHfsh ,t;tupfis nrYj;JtJ
,ayhj fhupakhf ,Ue;jNghJk;. tup
nrYj;Jtjw;Ff; fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l
dH.
td;dpap kiotPo;r;rp epr;rakw;wjhf
,Ue;jJ. mbf;fb kioapd;ikah
Vw;gLk; tul;rp fhuzkhf td;dpap
tptrhar; nra;if ek;gpf;ifNahL Nkw;
nfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Uf;ftpiy.
td;dpapd; twpa tptrhapfsplkpUe;J
$ba mstp tupiaf; Fj;jiff;fhuH
fs; mwtpl;ldH. ,jdh td;dpapd;
tptrhapfs; jhq;nfhzhJ Jd;gj;jp
mOe;jpdH. Fj;jiff;fhuHfsp rpyH
aho;g;ghzj;jtHfshf ,Ue;jdH. mtH
fs; nrYj;j Ntz;ba tupapd; ,U
klq;F njhifia mwtpl;l re;jHg;gq;
fSk; cz;L. ,J td;dp tptrhapf-
spd; f\;lq;fis NkYk; mjpfupj;jJ.
tul;rp epytpa Mz;Lfs; njhlHr;rpahf
mike;jd. 1855Mk; Mz;b kpf
Nkhrkhd tul;rp td;dpiag; ghjpj;jJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j Mz;bYk; mjid mLj;j
Kd;gpd; Mz;LfspYk; tl khfhzj;
jpNy Mff; Fiwe;j ta epyq;fis
gapupl;l khtl;lkhf td;dp tpsq;fpaJ.
1850f;fspNyNa td;dpapd; Fsq;fis
jpUj;jk; nra;J Gduikf;Fk; Ntiy
njhlq;fpaJ. MapDk; mg;NghJk; $l
Ntiyfs; MikNtfj;jpNyNa eil
ngw;wd. mJtiu fhyk; murhq;fk;
td;dpapd; Fsq;fs; gw;wp ghuhKfkh
fNt ,Ue;jJ. vg;NghjhtJ xU jlit
jpUj;j Ntiyfs; eilngw;wJ kl;
LNk Mjyh> tptrha cw;gj;jpAk;
Njf;fepiy ngw;wpUe;jJ. td;dpap
,Ue;J ne> cyHjhdpaq;fs; vd;gd
tw;wpd; tupahfg; ngwg;gl;l tUkhdk;
,f;fhyj;jp XusT caHr;rp ngw;Wr;
nrd;wJ. MapDk; tptrhaf; Fbah
dpd; epiyap vt;tpj Kd;Ndw;wKk;
Vw;gltpiy. gpiog;G+jpa epiyap
NyNa td;dpapd; tptrhapfs; njhlHe;
Jk; ,Ue;J te;jdH gUt kio
nga;j;j> murhq;fj;jpd; ghuKfKk;>
mrpuj;ijAk;> tup mwtpLNthupd; ,uf;
fkw;w Ruz;l Mfpatw;wh td;dp
tptrhapfs; Jd;gj;jp mOe;jpdH. tpt
rhak; murhq;fj;jh Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l
NghJk;> td;dpapd; nghUshjhuj;jp
tptrhaNk gpujhd ,lj;ijg; ngw;wJ.
mj;Jld; tptrhap Kf;fpak; tha;e;j
eguhfTk; ,Ue;Js;shH. td;dpapd; rd
mlHj;jp Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ. Neha;fs;
mq;F gutpd; fhLfs; R+o;e;j td;dp
gpw ,lq;fsp ,Ue;J jdpikg;gl;l
jhfTk;> nghUshjhu tsHr;rp Fd;wpa
jhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. njd; ,yq;ifia
Ak;> tlf;fpd; aho;g;ghzj;ijAk; gpupj;J
itf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gpuhe;jpakhfTk;
19Mk; E}w;whz;bd;
td;dp
tpsq;fpaJ.
shanmugalingam@thaiveedu.com
- 108 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 109 -

‘Nkh jpuj;ijf; fhNzy

,td;jhd; vLj;jpUg;
ghd;. fs;sid tPl;
by itr;rpUf;fhNj fiyr;RtpL. vd;
idg; ghHf;f xUj;jDk; Ntz;lhk;’
mg;gh nrhd;dijf; Nfl;lJk; jpifj;J
tpl;Nld;.
‘mz;iz> rj;jpakha; ehd; vLf;Nfy.
Iahjhd; fol;b Nkir yhr;rpf;Fs;s
itr;rpl;L> ehd; vLj;jpl;ld; vz;L
vd;Ndhl vupQ;R tpOfpwhH. kj;jpahdk;
Fspr;R rhg;gpl;lhg; gpwF> Fspf;Nfiy
Fspf;f thj;JtpL vz;L vd;Ndhl rz;
ilf;F thwhH. Fspr;rhr;R ehisf;F
Fspf;fyhk; vz;L nrhy Nfhtk; tU
FJ. eP tPl;by epf;fNtz;lhk; Nghlh.
vd;u gps;is vd;idg; ghHf;Fk; vz;L
er;rupr;Rf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwhH. f\;l
khapUf;F. ehd; Nghwd; mz;iz’.
vd;whd; mg;ghTf;F cjtpaha; ,Uf;
Fk; Nfhtpe;jd;.
‘mq;f itf;Nfy Nkirapyjhd; itr;
rdhd;’ vd;whd; kfd;.
‘itr;r ,lj;jpy fhNzy vz;lh vq;f
NghFk;. mg;gh mtd;u igiaf; fz;
ldPq;fNs’ ehd; mg;ghtplk; Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj uhfpdp mg;gh
tpd; miwf;Fs; Ngha; Gj;jfg;igNahL
te;jhs;.
‘fl;b Nkirapy ,iy vz;L mY
khupiaj; jpwe;J ghHf;f mJf;Fs;s
,Uf;FJ’
‘Vd; mg;gg;gh vLj;jdPq;fs;’ kfd; Nfl;
Ntiyf;Fg; NghtJ gof;fkhfp tpl;lJ
uhfpdpf;F.
‘Ntiyf;F Xnkz;L thw Mf;fis
Ntz;lhk; vz;L Juj;jpdh vd;d nra;
apwJ. ehq;fs; khwp khwp yPT Nghl;
bl;L nfhQ;r ehs; ghHf;fyhk;. gpwF
Ntiyf;Fg; Nghf NtZNk. ehd; nrh
Ywijf; NfSq;Nfh. khkhit xU
KjpNahH ,yj;jpy ghHj;J tpLtk;’
,g;Nghnjyhk; uhfpdp ,ijNa mbf;
fb nrhypf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.
‘mk;kh ,yhk rpd;dtarpy ,Ue;J
Fiwapyhk vd;id tsHj;jtH. vd;
- tpky; guk; -
KbahJ. VjhtJ KbT vLf;fNtz;Lk;.
ed;whf Nahrpj;J uhfpdp nrhd;dkhjpup
tplyhk; vd;W jPHkhdpj;Njd;.
vd;NdhL Ntiy nra;Ak; uhftDk;
mtd;u mg;ghit KjpNahH ,yj;jpy
tpl;bUf;fpwhd;. md;W rdpf;fpoik yPT
ehs;. tpguk; mwpa mtdplk; nrd;Nwd;.
‘mq;fpisg; Ngha; ghHf;fpwdpNa vg;
gpbapUf;fpwhH’.

mYtyfj;jp ,Ue;J fisj;J tpOe;J

tPL te;j vdf;F mg;gh kPJ Nfhge;
jhd; te;jJ. vj;jid Ngiu xOq;F
nra;jhr;R. VjhtJ Fw;wk; nrhyp
xUj;jiuAk; ,Uf;f tpLfpwjpiy.

‘ehq;fs; Ntiyf;Fk;> gps;isfs; ];$

Yf;Fk; Nghf VYkhd Neuk; ePq;fs;
tPl;by jdpa ,Ue;jPq;fs;. ,g;g taJk;
Ngha; tUj;jq;fSk;> mNjhl... kwjpAk;
te;jpl;LJ. vOgj;ijQ;R tarhr;R> ,dp
jdpa ,Uf;f khl;Bq;fsg;gh. gpwF
Vd; thwitaisf; fiyf;fpwPq;fs;’.

Nfhgj;jp fj;jpf;nfhz;Nl Nkir yhr;

rpiaj; jpwe;J mq;NfapUe;j Nkhjp
uj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;bNdd;.

‘ifapy ,Ue;jJ vg;gpb mq;f Nghr;R’

vz;L vd;dplNk Nfl;lhH.

‘ePq;fs;jhd; fol;b itr;rpl;L kwe;jpl;

Bq;fs;’.

‘Mf;fs; ,yhk khkhitj; jdpa

tpNlyhJ. kwjp te;jNeuk; jdpa ,Uf;
Nff;f rhg;ghL vLj;J Nkirapy
itr;rpl;Lg; NghwJjhNd. xUehs;
Ntiyahy tu> fh]; vupQ;R nfhz;
bUf;FJ. Vndd;L Nfl;lh> ‘ePq;f rhg;
ghL jNuy ehd; rikr;rdhd;’ vz;L
nrhYwhH. itr;rpl;Lg; Nghd rhg;
ghl;ilj; Njbdh Rthkpj; jl;by
fplf;F. rikr;rpUf;fpwhH vz;L epidf;
fNt gakhapUf;F. fjitg; G+l;bf;
nfhz;L tPl;Lf;Fs;s jdpa ,Uf;fpw
tUf;F ehq;fs; Ntiyahy tUkl;Lk;
vd;d ele;jhYk; njupahJ. mLj;j
Mis cld NjlNtZk;. vq;f Ngha;
NjLwJ’ vd;whs; uhfpdp.

nts;stj;ijap nrhe;jtPl;b ,Ue;jh

Yk;> gps;isfspd; gbg;Gr; nryT>
kw;w nryTfSf;F ,UtUk; Ntiyf;
Fg; Nghtjhjhd; rkhspf;f KbfpwJ.
mg;ghTf;F ,njyhk; njupAk;. Kd;
ngyhk; vq;fSf;F vt;tsT cjtp
aha; ,Ue;jhH.

‘ePq;fs; Ntiyf;Fg; Nghl;L thq;Nfh.

kw;w Ntiyais ehd; ghHf;fpwd;’ vd;
ghH.
‘,uz;L tUlkha; mtupd; Fzq;fs;
khwp... ,e;j MWkhjkha; jhq;f Kba
tpiy. gps;isfNshLk; gpur;rpid
jhd;. md;iwf;F %j;jkfd; ghlrhiyf;
Fg; Nghf Maj;jkhfp Gj;jfg;igia
Nkirap itj;Jtpl;Lg; Ngha; rhg;
gpl;L tpl;L te;J ghHj;jh> itj;j
,lj;jpy igiaf; fhztpiy. vq;F
NjbAk; ,iy. vNyhUf;Fk; Neu
khfp tpl;lJ’.
‘mg;gg;ghd;u miwf;Fs;s ghulh’ uhfpdp
nrhd;dhs;.
J}uKk; mUNf...!
lhd;.
‘mJ vd;u gps;isapd;u ig mJjhd;
ftdkha; vLj;J itr;rdhd;’ vd;whH.
‘mJf;F mg;ghtpd;u igia vLq;Nfh.
vd;u igia vLf;fhNjq;Nfh’. vd;d
nrhd;dhYk; Ngrhk ,Uf;fkhl;lhH.
VjhtJ nra;J nfhz;bUg;ghH.
‘tpba ehYkzpf;F vOk;gpdhYk;> gpe;
jpg; Ngha; kNd[upl;l neLfYk; jpl;L
thq;fpwd;’ KZKZj;Jf;nfhz;Nl
ndz;L tpLwJ. vq;fis tpl;bl;L
mq;f ,Ug;ghNu’
‘gf KOtJk; fijr;Rg;Ngr xUj;jUk;
,yhk jdpa ,Uf;fpwhH. mq;f tpl;
lh mtiug;Nghy taJ Nghd Ml;
fNshl fijr;Rf;nfhz;bUg;ghH. ehq;
fSk; gakpyhk Ntiyf;Fg; Nghf
yhk;. mbf;fb Ngha; ghHj;J tUtk;.
Nahrpr;Rf; nfhz;bUf;fhk tpLtk;’.
vdf;F kdR Nfl;ftpiy. MdhYk;>
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yhk mq;f re;Nj\kha; ,Uf;fpwhH.
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thwdhd;. Ntiyf;Fg; Nghw vq;fSf;F
,g;g epk;kjpaha; ,Uf;F’ vd;whd;.
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by itr;R rkhspf;f Vyhk ,Uf;F.
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- 110 -
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,b tpOe;jJNgh cl eLq;fpaJ.
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jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
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fSf;Fj; njupQ;rijr; nrhYq;Nfh’
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nfQ;rpNdd;.
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cdf;Fj; njupaf;$lhJ vz;L jd;u
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gps;isaha; tsHj;jhNd. ,g;g mtd;
apd; jiyia Nfhjp mizj;jgb.
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ngupa nfhLikiar; nra;a ,Ue;
vq;fSf;F Foe;ijfs; gpwe;J tsUk;
vimal.param@thaiveedu.com
Njd;... flTNs...
NghJjhd; mk;kh> mg;gh vq;fNshL
gl;l f\;lq;fs; njupAk; vd;ghHfs;.
,d;W ,q;F tUk;NghJ KjpNahH
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 111 -
- 112 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020

12 MPH ,d; mHj;jk; me;j NghHl;

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- Njtfhe;jd; -
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kha;f; fhj;jpUf;fNtZk; vd;w ufrpak;
vq;fSf;Fj; njupe;jpUe;jJ.
Kjyp mjd; ,iur;rjhd; tlf;fpd;
njhiy ntspapypUe;J nkytha;f;
Nfl;fj; Jtq;Fk;. mg;gbnayhk; Nfl;
Fkhntd ehq;fs; ahUk; Iag;gLt
jpiy. khup fhyj;jp gUj;jpj;Jiwf;
fl ,iutij gd;dpuz;L ik
njhiytpYs;s vq;fs; tPLfspypUe;Nj
Nfl;bUf;fpNwhNk!
me;j ,iur;r g]; tug;Nghtjd; xU
Kd;dwptpg;G kl;Lk;jhd;. rptg;G epwj;
jpd; mg; NgUUit gs;spf;Fs; Eio
vUikNghy Mb mire;Jjhd; mJ
tUk;.
fhw;wpd; tpirf;Nfw;g Vw;w ,wf;fkhd
rj;jj;jpd; gpd;> mLj;j fl;lkhf mJ
fpsHj;jp tUk; GOjpg; glyk; fz;zp
njupAk;. mg;NghJk; g]; tUk; J}uj;ij
me;jg; GOjpg; glyj;ijf;nfhz;L
njupe;Jtpl KbahJ. Vnddp mJ
fhw;wpd; tpirap miytJ. mjdh
mJ rupahd msTNfh Mtjpiy.
MdhYk; xU ek;gpf;ifapd; JspH mg;
NghJ Kisf;Fk;. me;j ek;gpf;ifap
gs;spf;fpUf;Fk; J}uj;ijf; fzpj;J
mjw;Fj; jf ekJ eil NtfnkLf;Fk;.
ngupa ngupa rpYfs;nfhz;L caHe;J
rpte;j me;jg; gpukhz;lk; nkJnkJ
thf fz;Zf;Fg; GydhfpaJk; kdk;
fisf; $l rpyH vz;zptpLthHfs;.
mJTk; nky nky CHe;J nrd;W
kiwAk;. Mdh ,iur;rYk; GOjpAk;
GifAk; Gifapd; kzKk; mlq;f
ntFNeuk; gpbf;Fk;.
,e;j gutrj;jpd; juprdj;Jf;fha; fhiyg;
nghOjpd; gs;spf;fhd jhHtPjpg; gazk;
vdJ tpUg;gj; NjHthf ,Ue;jnghO
jp> tantspapD}lhd tPL jpUk;
Gif ,d;ndhU tifahd gutrj;jpd;
thriy vdf;Fj; jpwe;jpUe;jJ. kdj;
jpw;F mg;NghJjhd; ,wf;iffs; Kisf;
fj; Jtq;fpdntd ,g;NghJ vz;zj;
Njhd;WfpwJ. me;jg; ghijap tPL
jpUk;Gif jpBnud xUNghJ xU mt
khdfukhd epfo;NthL epd;WNghdhYk;>
md;W Kisj;j ,wf;iffspjhd;
ehd; gpd;dh gwf;fNt Muk;gpj;Njd;.
tiu xd;wiuf;Fk;> NkNy %d;wiuf;F
khf gs;spfs; Kbe;Jnfhz;bUe;jd.
NtWNtW juq;fs;nfhz;l gs;spfs;
NtWNtW Neuq;fsp Kbe;jjhf ,g;
NghJk; nkypa xU QhgfkpUf;fpwJ.
mg;NghJ ve;j tFg;gp ehd; gbj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;Njd; vd;gJ njupatpiy.
gs;sptpl;L ehd; taYf;Fs; ,wq;fp
tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;Wnfhz;bUf;fpNwd;. mJ
,sNtdpNyh KJNtdpNyhthd fhyk;.
nta;ap jho;e;jpUe;jhYk; md;iwf;F
mG+Htkha; ntg;gk; fLikahapUe;jJ.
ne mWtilapd; gpd; fpzWs;s
tafsp Njhl;lk; Nghl;ltHfs; rpyH
,iwg;Gf;Nfh NtW NtiyfSf;Nfh
Ngha;f;nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. epiyj;J
epd;w ntUspfSf;fpilNa elkhLk;
kdpjHfspd; jiyfisf; fzf;fpLtJ

jpYs;s 12 MPH NghHl;Lf;F mz;ik

tjd; Kd; fz;Ltpl KbAnkd;w ve;j nghq;fpnaOk;. mJ gs;spapd; rkPgj;
ek;gpf;ifiaAk; me;j ,iur;r je;J me;jg; ghijap vd; gazk; epd;W
njhlu;jy; 113k; gf;fk;
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
epidNtw;wk;...
112k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
Rygkhf ,Uf;ftpiy. fheilf
Sf;F tug;Gfsp G nrJf;f te;jtH
fs; rpyUk; mq;Nf fhzg;gl;ldH. fpsp>
ikdh> fhfnkd gwitfs; kjpar;
NrhHT ePq;fp $liltjd; Kd;dk; kW
gb fyfyg;Gf; nfhs;Sk; NeuKk; mJ
jhd;.
mWtil Kbe;J ,uz;nlhU khjnkd;
wh rz tpijj;j tafspNy kQ;
rs; G+f;fs; rpupj;jgb fhw;wpyhb epd;wp
Uf;Fk; fhl;rp nfhs;is moF. NkNy
ePy Mfhak;. fPNo kQ;rSk; gr;irA
nkd tpupe;j tantsp. vdf;F mt
rukpiy. clk;ngq;Fk; tpl;L tpL
jiyahfpa czHTld;> ehd; ,a
ghd vd; nkJthd eilap tug;gpNy
rWf;FtJk; kWgb gha;e;J VWtJkhf
nrd;Wnfhz;L ,Uf;fpNwd;.
tof;fkhf ,uz;L %d;W khztHfsh
tJ me;jg; ghijapNy tPL jpUk;GtJ
tof;fk;. md;iwf;F ehd; kl;LNkjhd;
te;Jnfhz;bUf;fpNwd;. mQ;r R+oyp
vJTkpiyahjyh mr;rKk; te;jpUf;
ftpiy.
FsKs;s jho; G+kpg; gpuNjrj;jp ta
fs; mike;jdntdp> R+o;e;j Nkl;L
epyj;jp Fbkidfs; vOe;J fpuhkk;
MfpapUe;jd. tafsp Fsq;fspd;
epr;rak;Ngh> Fsj;Njhuq;fsp KU
fNdh gps;isahNuh mk;kNdh Fb
nfhz;ljhd Nfhtpfs; ,Ug;gJk; epr;
rak;. Nfhtpw; Fsq;fsp mypfSk;
jhkiufSk; epiw G+g; G+j;jpUf;Fk;.
tafs; xt;nthd;Wk; ngaHnfhz;bUe;
jd. xd;Wf;F rpYtp... ,d;ndhd;Wf;F
,yhiu... kw;wJf;F mk;gytd;Jiw...
Ntnwhd;Wf;F khdhtis... vdg; ngaH
fs;. mjd;gb ehd; mg;NghJ nrd;W
nfhz;bUe;j ta mk;gytd;Jiw.
mk;gytd;Jiw taypd; xU gf;fj;jp
ngUk; gw;iw ,Ue;jJ. gw;iwf;fg;gh
CH. tyJ gf;fj;jp jhHtPjpf;Fk; ta
Yf;FkpilNa njd;de; Njhg;G. mjd;
vjpHg; Gwj;jp khup ePH flYf;NfhLk;
jiuit top.
jpBnud me;jg; gFjpap kuf; fpisfs;
Kwpe;j> njd;Ndhiyfs; ,Lq;Fg;gl;l>
FUk;igfs; rpjwp tpOe;j ngUnthyp.
jpUk;gpg; ghHf;fhkNy mJ vd;dntd
ehd; njupe;Jnfhz;Nld;. mt;thWjhd;
,Ue;Jtpl;L xUKiw Fuq;Ff; $l;
lq;fs; te;J tpOe;J njd;de;Njhl;lq;
fis> khe;Njhg;Gfis Jtk;rk; nra;J
tpl;Lg; NghFk;.
vdf;F kdk; Jz;nzd;wJ. Fuq;Ffs;
$l vdf;F mt;tsT mr;rj;ijj; je;J
tplhJ. tPL tPlha; tUk; tpj;ijfhudpd;
Fuq;if vt;tsNth rkPgj;jpypUe;J
ghHj;jpUf;fpNwd;. rpWFuq;F tsHf;fpw
rhj;jpuf;fhupapd; NjhspypUe;J mJ
Ngd; ghHf;fpwijf; fz;LkpUf;fpNwd;.
mJjhd; vd;idf; fz;L rpyNtis
fspyhtJ ntUz;L XbapUf;fpwJ.
Mdh jhl;lhd; Fuq;Ffs;...? mit
gaq;fukhdit.
jhl;lhd; Fuq;F vd;gJ Fuq;Ffsp
ngupjhd ,dk; vd;gJjhd; mg;NghJ
NghyNt ,g;NghJk; vd; vz;zkhf
,Uf;fpwJ. mtw;wpd; epidg;Ng vd;id
eLq;fitj;JtpLk;. mtw;wpd; cUtj;
jpd; gpukhz;lk;kl;LNk me;j mr;rj;ij
vd;dp tpisg;gjpiy. mit xU
kuj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU kuj;jpw;Fk;>
kuj;jpypUe;J epyj;Jf;Fk; ghAk; mjpH
Tk; Kf;fpakhdJ.
ehd; jpUk;gpg; ghHf;fpNwd;. njd;de;
2020
Njhl;lk; KOtJk; jhl;lhd;fs;. kuq;
fsp VWgit rpy. njd;Ndhiyap
njhq;fp mLj;j kuj;Jf;Fg; gha;git
aha;r; rpy. jiuap xd;iwnahd;W
Juj;jpg; gpbg;gitaha;r; rpy. rpy fj;
jpAk;... rpy ,opj;Jk;... rpy kRthJ
NtiyfspYkha;f; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
jhl;lhd;fs; ,opf;Fk;NghJk; mjpnyhU
f^ukpUf;Fk;. vd; mtjhdj;ijj; jpir
jpUg;g ehd; NtWGwk; jpUk;GfpNwd;.
ehd; xOq;ifNawNtz;ba rpWfhl;L
KidapYk; jhl;lhd; $l;lk;. gl;Lg;
Ngha; <r;rk; gw;iwNk rupe;jpUe;j xU
gidkuj;jp mit VWtJk; ,wq;F
tJk; rWf;FtJkha; xU f^u tpis
ahl;b <Lgl;bUf;fpd;wd. rpy Fl;bf
Sld; rpy ,izfSld;. Mdh xU
jhl;lhd;kl;Lk; xU gRkhlsT MfpU
jpAld; epiyj;J xNu ,Uf;ifaha;
,Ue;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
Njhsp ifia Gul;b nfhStpaha;g;
Nghl;L mjp Gj;jfg; igia khl;bf;
nfhz;L nkJthf ,Ugf;fKk; kQ;
rs; G+ nrhupe;j rzfSf;fpilap
apd; Ntfj;ijf; Fiwj;Njd;.
me;j jhl;lhd; mkHe;jpUe;j Njhu
izNa rupapiynad;W kdj;Js;
VNjh nrhypaJ. mjd; fdj;j ,U
gf;f neQ;Rj; jirfSk; njhq;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. fhiy kbj;J Fe;jp
apUe;j Fuq;fpd; cWj;Jg; ghHitia
Ak;> mjpYs;s ntWikiaAk; ehd;
fhz;fpNwd;. mg;Nghija mjd; mir
tpd;ik> mJ mg;gbNa filrptiu
,Ue;JtpLk; vd;gjpd; milahskpiy.
mJ ve;j tpehbapYk; jd;idr; Rjh
upj;njOe;J vd;kPJ xU gha;r;riyr;
nra;ayhk;. vd;idj; J}f;Ftnjhd;Wk;
me;jsT ngupa MfpUjpf;F rpukkha;
,Ue;JtplhJ.
ehd; epd;Nwd;.
jhl;lhd; miratpiy. ehDk; mir
atpiy.
me;j mr;rk; jhl;lhd;fisg; ghHj;jjp
dh kl;Lk; tpise;jnjd;W nrhy
KbahJ. mitgw;wp vdf;Fr; nrhyg;
gl;l fijfshYk;jhd; vd; rpe;ij mg;
NghJ jLkhwp epd;wpUe;jJ. mjp
Fwpg;ghf ts;spak;ikapd; Foe;ij
fij Kf;fpakhdJ.
vq;fsJ fpuhkk;Nghy tantspfSk;
ePHntspfSk; R+o;e;jJjhd; me;jf; fpuh
kKk;. mq;NfAk; tantsp Xuj;jp
khQ; NrhiyfSk; njd;dQ; Nrhiy
fSk; epiwe;jpUe;jd. mq;Fk; ,J
Nghyj;jhd; mt;tg;NghJ Fuq;Ff; $l;
lq;fs; te;J rjpuhl;lk; Nghl;Ltpl;Lg;
NghFq;fs;. mtw;iw tpul;Ltjw;fhd
cghaq;fSk; Cup mUfpNa ,Ue;
jd. rPdntb nfhSj;jpdh mit
gae;J XLnkd CupNy nrhthHfs;.
Mdh rPdntb ve;jNeuj;jpYk; ift
rj;jp fpilj;JtplhJ. VNjh Mq;
fhq;Nf $... R+...ntdr; rj;jnkOg;G
thHfs;. mitnahd;iwAk; Fuq;Ffs;
rl;il nra;tjpiy. rhjhuz Fuq;Ff;
$l;lj;Jf;Nf ,e;j epiynad;wh>
jhl;lhd; Fuq;Ff; $l;lk; te;J tpOe;
jh CNu fjpfyq;fpg; Ngha;tpLk;.
nryj;jk;G - ts;spak;ik fahzk;
ele;J ntFfhykpiy. mtHfs; me;j
taNyhuf; fpuhkj;Jf; fhzpnahd;wp
FbirNghl;L Gjpjhff; FbNawp te;jp
Ue;jhHfs;.
Xuhz;Lf;Fs;shf mtHfSf;F xU mo
fhd fWg;Gg; gps;is gpwe;jJ. me;jg;
gps;iskPJ mtHfs; jq;fs; capiuNa
itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. Foe;ijNahL tpis
ahbtpl;L vl;L kzpf;nfyhk; nr
yj;jk;G Ntiyf;Fg; Gwg;gl;lhndd;
wh> mLj;J ts;spak;ikapd; Neuk;
njhlq;fptpLk;. mjw;F NkNyjhd; mij
epj;jpiuahf;fp Vizap tsHj;jptpl;L
fpzw;wbapNy Jzp Jitf;fNth> rik
aiyf; ftdpf;fNth mts; nrths;.
md;W fhiyap nryj;jk;G Ntiyf;
Fg; Nghdgpd; Foe;ijNahbUe;J rpwpJ
Neuk; tpisahba ts;spak;ik nta;
apNywptu nrd;W Jzpiaj; Njha;j;j
gpd; rikaiyf; ftdpf;f mLf;fisf;
Fs; Eioe;jhs;.
md;W ez;gfiy mz;kpf;Fk; Neuj;jp
ypUe;Nj Njhg;Gfsp vOe;j Fjpkd;
fis ts;spak;ik Nfl;bUe;jhs;. Ms
lq;f mlq;fj;jhd; Fuq;Ff; $l;lj;jpd;
nfhz;lhl;lk; njhlq;Fnkd;gij mts;
mwpe;jpUe;jhs;. mjdh ta tpspk;
NghbUe;j jkJ Njhl;lj;jp Fuq;F
fs; te;J Nr\;ilfs; tpl;Ltplhjgb
mbf;fb ntspNa te;J ftdpg;Gr; nra;
Jnfhz;bUe;jhs;. filrpahf mf;fz;
fhzpg;Gf;fhf te;jNghJ J}uj;J njd;
de; Njhg;gp jhl;lhd;fs; $j;jhbf;
nfhz;bUg;gijAk;> mtw;wpd; fpuPr;rpLk;
Fjpf;Fk; rj;jq;fsh Foe;ij mU
shk J}q;FtijAk; fz;L jpUg;jp
NahL cs;Ns NghapUe;jhs;.
JHghf;fparhypaha; ,Ue;jpUg;ghs;Nghy.
taNyhu thifap xU jhl;lhd; ngz;
Fuq;F mtisNa ftdpj;jgbapUe;
jij mts; fz;bUf;ftpiy.
rpwpJNeuj;jp ts;spak;ik ntspNa
te;jNghJ ntWk; Vizkl;Lk; taw;
fhw;wp Mbf;nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;
lhs;. neQ;R JZf;Fw jpUk;gpdhs;.
tafiuap mtsJ Foe;ijia
ms;sp neQ;NrhL mizj;jgb jhl;lh
ndhd;W Ngha;f;nfhz;bUe;jJ. ‘INah>
vd;u gps;is’nad mywpagb jhl;lh
dpd; gpd;dh ts;spak;ik Xbdhs;.
vJnthd;iwAk; fz;Lnfhs;shj jhl;
lhd; ve;j mtruKk; gjl;lKkpd;wp
ele;JNgha; thifapNywpf;nfhz;L kuq;
fsp jhtpj; jhtpNa njd;de; Njhg;ig
mile;jJ.
ts;spak;ikapd; $f;Fuyp mf;fk; gf;
fj;Jg; ngz;fs; ,uz;nlhUtH te;jdH.
tayp Ntiy nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j
,uz;nlhU Mz;fs; te;jdH. tpguk
wpe;J njd;de; Njhg;Gf;F mtHfSk;
Xlj;jhd; nra;jdH. %d;W ehd;F ngz;
jhl;lhd;fs; jk; Fl;bfNshL kuq;fsp
gha;e;J jpupifap Foe;ijia ve;
jf; Fuq;F itj;jpUf;fpwnjd vg;gbf;
fz;Lgpbg;gJ? mg;gbNa Fuq;iff;
fz;L vjdhyhtJ mij vwpe;J f\;
uk; nfhLf;Fk;NghJ mJ Foe;ijia
NkNyapUe;J Nghl;Ltpl;L Xbdh
vd;d nra;tJ? mg;gbNaahdhYk;
Fuq;F Foe;ijiaf; nfhz;LNghfl;
Lnkd tpl;LtplTk; Kbahjyth?
me;jf; fijia vdf;Fr; nrhd;dtH
Kbitr; nrhytpiy. jd; Fl;bia
,oe;jpUe;j ngz; jhl;lhndhd;W ts;
spak;ikapd; Foe;ijia jhd; tsHf;f
ntd J}f;fpf;nfhz;L Xbtpl;lJ vdf;
$wpaNjhL Kbj;jpUe;jhH.
vd;id eLq;f itj;jgb taw;fiu
Nahu ngz; jhl;lhd; Fuq;F vd;idNa
cWj;J Nehf;fpagb ,Ug;gij ehDk;
ghHj;jgb epw;fpNwd;. ts;spak;ikapd;
Foe;ijiaAk; xU ngz; jhl;lhNd
J}f;fpf;nfhz;L Xbanjd;w fijapd;
Qhgfg; Gul;lyp clk;G ciwe;J tU
eidj;Jf;nfhz;L fhfsp <uk; top
fpwJ. mij ehd; czHfpNwd;> Mdh
jLf;f topapiy. fhf;fp epw foprh
dp fUikaha; mjd; jlk; gjpe;jpUf;
fpwJ. mijg; nghUl;gLj;Jk; epiyap
- 113 -
Yk; ehd; ,iy.
Fuq;fpd; ngUj;j cUtKk;> mjd; fL
fLj;j ghHitAk;> vd;idNa J}f;fpf;
nfhz;L Xbtplf;$ba thfhd ,lj;
jpYk; ];jpjpapYk; mJ ,Ug;gJk;
czHe;j ehd; nkyj; jpUk;gp rz
fSf;Fs; jiyia kiwj;Jf;nfhz;L
tha;f;fhiy Nehf;fp gJq;fpg; gJq;fp
ele;Njd;. gpd; Xlj; Jtq;fpNdd;. Xbf;
nfhz;bUe;jNghJ jpUk;gp ghHj;Njd;.
Fuq;F me;j ,lj;jpNyNa ,d;Dk;
mkHe;Jnfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. eyNtis
ahf Gj;jfg; igiaj; jtwtplhk
tha;f;fhiyf; fle;J jhHtPjpapNawp
tPlile;Njd;.
vdJ Nfhyk; fz;l mk;kh gjwpagb
Xbte;J ele;jJ tprhupj;jhs;. vdf;F
mOifjhd; te;jJ. vd; ntw;wpiag;
giwrhw;wf;$ba tPuf; fskJ. jhl;lhd;
gpbapypUe;J jd;de;jdpadha;j; jg;gp
tUtnjhd;Wk; rhjhuzkhd tp\akp
iyNa! Mdh ehd; mONjd;. gpd;
xUthW mOifia mlf;fpf;nfhz;L
ele;jnjyhk; nrhd;Ndd;.
Nfl;L mk;kh rpupj;jhs;.
ehd; Nfhgj;NjhL> ‘vd;diz> Vd; rpupf;
fpwha;?’ vd;W mjl;bNdd;.
‘cd;dsT taJg; gps;isais Fuq;F
gpbf;Fnkz;L MUdf;Fr; nrhd;dJ?’
‘mJ jhl;lhd;.’
‘,Uf;fl;Lkd;.’
‘ehDk; mJfpd;u epwe;jhd...?’
‘mJ Fuq;Nfh jhl;lhNdh... eP fWg;Ngh
rptg;Ngh>.. cd;dsT tse;j gps;isia
mJfs; xz;Lk; nra;ah.’
‘vz;lhYk; ,dpNk ehd; me;jg; gs;
spf;$lk; Nghfkhl;ld;> vd;id Ntw
gs;spf;Flj;Jf;F khj;Jq;Nfh...’
ehd; gs;spf;$lj;ij khw;Wk;gb nrhd;d
fhuzk; mk;khTf;F tpsq;fhk ,Ue;
jpuhJ. MdhYk; topap jhl;lhd;
Fuq;Ffs; tUtjh me;jg; gs;spf;
$lk; Nghfkhl;Nld; vd;gijNa ehd;
fhuzkha;r; nrhypf;nfhz;bUe;Njd;.
‘Iah tul;Lk; nrhYtk;’ vd;whs;
mk;kh. gpd; Iah te;jNghJk; mk;kh
nrhytpiy.
xU ehNsh ,uz;L ehl;fNsh ehd;
gs;sp NghfhjpUe;jjha; Qhgfk;. gpd;
dh me;jkhjpup vz;zk; Njhd;wT
kpiy> ntl;fk; njhluTkpiy> ngw;
NwhH vd;id gs;sp khw;Wtjw;fhf
miyAk; NjitAk; cz;lhftpiy.
gpd;dh rpy fhyk; jhl;lhd; J}f;fpr;
nrd;w ts;spak;ikapd; Foe;ijgw;wp
epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. epidj;j
Nghnjyhk; Nfs;tpfs;jhd; fpsHe;
njOe;jd. jhtu gl;rzpahd Fuq;fpdk;
Foe;ijiaj; J}f;fpf;nfhz;L NghapUg;
gpd; tsHf;fNt nra;jpUf;Fk;. Mapd;>
me;jf; Foe;ij Fuq;FfNshbUe;J
Fuq;fhfNt khwpapUf;Fkh? mJTk;
iffisAk; fhfshf;fpf;nfhz;L kuj;
Jf;F kuk; jhtpj; jpupe;jpUf;Fkh? m
yJ mt;thW gha Kbahj Foe;ij
ia cz;ikap jkJ Fl;bapiy
nad;W Fuq;Ff; $l;lNk xJf;fp itj;
jpUf;Fkh?
Fuq;fpd; Fjpahl;lk; epidtp ePz;l
fhyj;Jf;F
,Ue;jJ.
devakanthan@thaiveedu.com
- 114 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
d;iwa ehs; kdjpw;F
m cfe;j ey ehshf
,Ue;jjh klk; t-
nkhd;nl nln\NwiaAk; mts; Foe;
ijiaAk; ghHg;gjw;fhf yhg;upf;Ff;
fhiu Xl;br;nrd;whH.
nln\Nw Foe;ij ngw;wpUf;fpwhs;
vd;gij epidf;f mtUf;Fr; rpupg;Gj;
jhd; te;jJ. Vndd;wh> nln\NwNa
xU Foe;ijahf ,Ue;jJ New;Wg;
Nghyj;jhd; mtH epidtp ,Ue;jJ.
2020
Nfw; N\hg;ghdpd; - 1850-1904 -
,aw;ngaH fjuPd; X’g;sh`w;wp. ,tH
kpR+up khepyj;ijr; NrHe;j mnkupf;fg;
ngz; vOj;jhsH. ,tH jha; gpnuQ;r;
topiaAk; je;ij Iup\; topiaAk;
NrHe;jtHfs;. me;jf; fhyj;jp mnk-
upf;fhtpd; rpy khfhzq;fsp gpnuQ;
,dj;jtUk; FbNawp ,Ue;jdH.
mtHfspd; tPl;L nkhop gpnuQ;. ,e;
jf; fijap tUk; ,lg;ngaHfs;>
Ml;ngaHfs; midj;Jk; gpnuQ;. tPl;L mbikfs; vr
- 115 -
epwk; $l gOg;G myJ kQ;rs;. mbik Kiw mnkupf;f
KOtJk; gutp ,Ue;jJ. mjpYk; njd; khfhzq;fsp
mjpfk;. gUj;jpg; gz;izfsp mbikfs; Ntiy nra;
jdH. mtHfSk; vrkhdpd; cilikfNs. ,e;jf; fij
mijg; gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;lJ.
,tH ehtfs;> rpWfijfs; vOjpAs;shH. ,tUila
rpWfijfs;> mj;yhe;jpf; ke;j;yP> Nthf; Nghd;w rQ;rpif
fsp gpuRukhfp cs;sd. elg;gpa jd;ikap vOjpa
,tupd; fijfs; ngz;zpa vOj;Jf;fs; vd;W ghuhl;lg;
ngw;wit. ,Ugjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ngz;zpa vOj;jhsH

,JTk; The Story of the Hour, The Storm Nghd;w rpWfij-

tnkhd;nlapd; thrYlhf mtH khdHfspd; nrhj;Jf;fs;. vrkhdHfs; mtHfisg; Gzuf; fspd; Kd;Ndhb vd;Wk; rpyH ,tiuf; fUJfpd;wdH.
nrYk;NghJ ngupa f Jhzpd; $l cupik cs;stHfs;. mjdh ,e;jf; fijap
epoyp nln\Nw Japd;W nfhz;bUg; tUk; tPl;L mbikfs; fyg;gpdj;jtHfs;. mtHfspd; fSk; kpfTk; ngaH ngw;wit.
gijf; fz;lhH.

Foe;ij mtUila ifap tpopj; mJ. KjpatH nkhd;rpa Mg;dp mjd; kPJ epofs; tpOj;jp ,Ue;jd> ad;dyp ,Ue;J tprpwpf; nfhz;bUe;
njOe;J ‘llh’ Tf;fhf moj; Jtq; gpuhd;rp jpUkzk; nra;jpUe;jhH. rtr;Nriy Nghy. ,sk; Mg;dpapd; jhs;.
fpaJ. mt;tsTe;jhd; me;jf; Foe;ij kidtp jhd; gpwe;j ,lj;ij kpfTk; mjpfhuKk; fz;bg;ghdNj. mtd; fPo;
ah nrhyNth nra;aNth Kbe;jJ. tpUk;gpajh mt;tplj;ij tpl;L tu ePf;Nuhf;fs; kfpo;r;rpahf ,Ug;gij klk; tnkhd;Nl jd; fk;gPukhd
FWeil NghLk; tajp me;jf; kWj;J tpl;lhs;. ,Wjpap mts; kwe;J tpl;lhHfs;. gioa vrkhdpd; cliyf; Fdpe;J mtisf; nfhQ;
Foe;ij ,Ue;jgbah> mJthfNt
jtWjyhf ele;J me;j ,lj;jpw;F
te;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W rpyH epidj;
jhHfs;. xUehs; khiy fd;t]; Jzp
ah %lg;gl;l thfdk; xd;W
nuf;rh]; gpuNjrj;ij NrHe;j nfhl;ld;
nkap]; gz;izf;Ff; fPo; ,Ue;j
glFj; Jiwiaf; fle;J te;jJ.
mjp te;j rpyH jhd; mf;Foe;ijia
Ntz;Lnkd;Nw me;j ,lj;jp tpl;Lr;
nrd;whHfs; vd;gNj mq;Nf epytpa
nghJthd ek;gpf;if. klk; tnkhd;Nl
vyhtpjkhd Cfq;fisAk; clNdNa
tpl;L tpl;lhH. jdf;Fj; jd; tapw;wp
Foe;ij gpwf;fhJ vd;W epidj;
jpUe;jNghJ> nln\Nw flTs; mUsh
mDg;gg;gl;l xU Foe;ij vd;W
epidj;Jf; nfhz;lhs;. nln\Nw
mofhd> fdpthd> md;ghd> NeHik
ahd> tnkhd;bapd; mgpkhdj;Jf;
Fupa Foe;ijahf tsHe;jhs;.

gjpndl;L Mz;LfSf;F Kd; xUehs;

f JhZf;F mUfhikap Jhzpd;
epoyp mts; Jhq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;
jhs;. mg;NghJ MHkd;l; Xgpdp Fjpiu
ap nrd;wNghJ mtisf; fz;L
mts; Nk fhj nfhz;lhd;. mjp
Mr;rupak; VJk; ,Uf;ftpiy. mg;
gbj;jhd; Xgpdpf; FLk;gj;jpdH v
NyhUk; fhj nfhz;lhHfs;. Jtf;Fr;
R+L xd;W gl;lJ Nghy. jpBnud;W.
Mdh Mr;rupak; vd;dntd;wh
mjw;F Kd; mtis mtd; fhjypf;f
tpiy. mtid mtd; jha; ,we;j
gpd; mtDila je;ij guprp ,Ue;J
vl;L taJr; rpWtdhf mioj;J
te;jpUe;jhH. md;W thryp mtisf;
fz;lTld; mtd; kdjp vOe;j
me;jf; fhj Ntl;if gdpg;ghiwr;
rupitg; Nghy vyhj; jilfisAk;
kPwp mtid mbj;Jr; nrd;wJ.
Gntspj; jP Nghy gw;wp vupe;jJ.

nkhd;rpaH tnkhd;Nl xU eilKiw

thjp. vijAk; nrt;tNd Nahrpj;j
gpd; jhd; nra;thd;. mjhtJ me;jr;
rpWkpapd; njsptw;w gpwg;G vd;d

nln\Nwapd; Foe;ij
ntd;W Nahrpj;j gpd; jhd; nra;af;
$batd;. Mdh mts; fz;fis
Nehf;fpa gpd; MHkd;Nl mijg;
gw;wpf; ftiyg;gltpiy. mtSf;Fg;
ngaupiy vd;gJ mtDf;F epidT
te;jJ. Mdh Yhaprpahdtpd; gok;
ngUk; ngUikf;Fupa mtdh vd;d
ngaiuj;jhd; R+l;l KbahJ?
- Nfw; N\hg;ghd;
guprpypUe;J xU $ilg; G+f;fis tu
jkpop: vd;.Nf. kfhypq;fk;
tioj;jhd;. mJ te;J NrUk;tiu
mtdh nghWikahf ,Uf;f Kba rpdhs;. xU fzk; nln\Nwia jd;
mq;Nf ,we;j gpd; mtis mq;NfNa fl;Lg;ghLfs; Fiwe;j> kfpo;r;rpahd
tpiy. gpd; mtHfs; ,UtUk; iffsp fdpthf gpbj;J itj;jpUe;
Gijj;jhH. mjd; gpd; ,t;tplj;jp tho;f;if ,g;NghJ mtHfSf;F
jpUkzk; Gupe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. jhs;. mjd; gpd; Foe;ijapd; gf;fk;
xU FLk;gj; jiytp $l thotpiy. ,iy.
tPl;bd; $iu Jwtpfs; mzpAk; jpUk;gpdhs;.
klk; tnkhd;Nl nln\NwiaAk;
Kfj; Jzp Nghy rupe;J fple;jJ. ,sk; jha; nkJthf cl Njwp
Foe;ijiaAk; ehY fpoikfshfg; ‘,Jty Foe;ij!’ vd;W jpLf;fpl;l
kQ;rs; epw G+r;Rg; G+rpa tPl;bidr; gLf;ifap ePl;b epkpHe;J gLj;jpUe;
ghHf;ftpiy. mtH yhMg;upia njhdpap tpag;Gld; nrhd;dhs;. me;j
Rw;wp mfd;w Nkilfs; ,Ue;jd. jhs;. nkd;ikahd nts;is epw
nrd;wile;J Foe;ijiag; ghHj;j ehl;fsp tnkhd;Nlap tPl;b
ngupa> fk;gPukhd Xf; kuq;fs; gf;fj; Ny]; Nghl;l k];ypd; Jzpfs; mzpe;
TlNd eLq;fpg; NghdhH. mt;tplk; gpnuQ;R nkhopap jhd; NgrpdhHfs;.
jp tsHe;jpUe;jd. mtw;wpd; jbj;j jpUe;jhs;. gf;fj;jp Foe;ij khHgp
xU Nrhfkhd ,lk;. gy Mz;Lfshf
,iyfs; cs;s ePz;l fpisfs; fple;jJ. kQ;rs; epw jhjp gf;fj;jp
xU FLk;gj;jiytp ,yhj ,lk; njhlu;jy; 116k; gf;fk;
- 116 -
nln\Nwapd;...
115k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
‘mtidg; ghHj;J eP Mr;rupag;gL
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nlN\Nw rpupj;jhs;. ‘ghFbf;Fk;
gd;wpf;Fl;b! mtDila fhfisg;
ghH. mtd; iffis> tpu efq;fis>
cz;ikahd efq;fs;. rhz;l;upd;
,d;W fhiy jhd; mtw;iw ntl;b
tpl;lhs;. ,iyah> rhz;l;upd;?’
me;jg; ngz; ngUkpjj;Jld; jiyf;
fl;lzpe;j jiyiaf; Fdpe;J> ‘Xk;>
mk;kh>’ vd;whs;.
‘mtd; mOtijg; ghHf;f NtZk;.
fhijj; Jisf;Fk;. yh gpshd;r;rpYs;s
ku miw tiu mJ Nfl;ljhf
Mkz;l; nrhd;dhd;.’
klk; tnkhd;Nl Foe;ijapypUe;J
jd; fz;fis mfw;wNt ,iy.
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tafisg; ghHg;gjw;fhf ntspNa
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,Ue;jJ.
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,td; mtDila ngaiuj; jhq;fpr;
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xU ngz; Foe;ij vd;whYk; mij
mtd; tpUk;gpj;jhd; ,Ug;ghd; vd;W
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‘mtd; xUj;jiuAk; - xUj;jiuANk -
Foe;ij gpwe;jjpypUe;J jz;bf;f
tpiy. NtiyapypUe;J tpLg;G vLg;
gjw;fhf jd;Dila fh vupe;J
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rpWtidf; $l mtd; jz;bf;ftpiy.
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me;jr; rpWtid eP ngupa Nghf;fpup
vd;W kl;LNk nrhd;dhd;. X> mk;kh>
vdf;F mJ kpfTk; re;Njhrk;. Mdh
mJ vd;idg; gaKWj;JfpwJ.’
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jz;bg;gjhf czHe;jhd;. mts;
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Fk; Vw;gl;l fsq;fj;jpdh mtd;
,g;NghJ mtis Nerpf;ftpiy.
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gpdhs;. jpUk;gTk; mtd; miog;ghd;
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
‘Ngha; tUfpNwd;> Mkz;l;>’ vd;W
Kdfpdhs;.
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ijr; NrHe;jts; vd;gJ njupahJ.
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mahalingam.k@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 117 -
jkpo;tiy - 59f;fhd tpilfs;
60
‘jha;tPL’ r%fj;Js; jha;nkhopapd; nrhtsj;ij typAWj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;
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jkpo;tiy-60
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thamilvalai@thaiveedu.com
Kd;dhs; gilj;Jiwg; gjtp
7 Rahjpf;fk;
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,k;khjk; 23-k; Njjpf;F Kd;du;; mQ;ry; my;yJ kpd;dQ;ry;
my;yJ njhiyefy; thapyhf mDg;gpitf;fTk;.
mjw;F jkpo;tiyiag; gpujpnra;J my;yJ glg;gpujpnaLj;J
my;yJ fjpu;g;gpujpnaLj;J gad;gLj;jTk;.

ngWNgWfs; eLtu;fspd; KbGf;fika

mLj;j khj jha;tPl;by; ntsptUk;.

tpilfis mDg;gNtz;ba kpdd;dQ;r Kftup

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- 118 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 119 -
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whH.

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tpsq;fpd khjpup fhl;bf; nfhs;Nsiy.

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fk;’ vd;W ngha; nrhd;dd;.

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E-mail: info@thaiveedu.com
Fax: 416-849-0594 Tel: 416-646-3422
ÿƒV˙¬Ôº\ ®[≈VKD ∂m ÿƒVÕ> T| º√VÈ kÚ\V...
Uthayan Alex Sivasambu B.Sc. (Hons), M.B.A
Broker
Ottawa: 613.276.SALE (7253)
Toronto: 416.659.SELL (7355)
alex-sivasambu@coldwellbanker.ca, www.sivasamburealty.com
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• xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020
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selvam.a@thaiveedu.com
jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 121 -
- 122 - jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu;; October 2020

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jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October
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suganthan.v@thaiveedu.com
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jha; tPL • xf;Nuhgu; October 2020 - 125 -

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