“UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ”

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA QUIMICA

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

METODOS PARA SOLUCION DE MATRICES ESPECIALES

(METODO DE DOOLITLE-CROUT Y CHOLESKY)
CATEDRATICO:
 Dr. Eufracio Arias, Wilder Efraín

CATEDRA:
 METODOS NÚMERICOS

CICLO:
 IV

ALUMNO:
 Torres Rodríguez, Wilfredo Enrique
PROBLEMA DE APLICACIÓN DE METODOS ESPECIALES:
EXCEL:
METODOS DE
FACTORIZACION: −44∗i1+10∗i 2+16∗i 3=−20
10*i1-43*i2+6*i3+12*i4 = 0
16*i1+6*i2-30*i3+8*i4 = 12
12*i2+8*i3-34*i4 = -40
Ecuación con 4 variables:

-44 10 16 0 -20
A= 10 -43 6 12 b= 0
16 6 -30 8 12
0 12 8 -34 -40

FACTORIZACION DE MATRICES-GAUSS:

-44 10 16 0 -20
F2+(10/44)*F1 0 -40.727 9.63636 12 -4.545
F3+(16/44)*F1 0 9.6364 -24.182 8 4.727
0 12 8 -34 -40

-44 10 16 0 -20
0 -40.727 9.6364 12 -4.5455
F3+(9.63/40.727)*F2 0 9.6364 -24.18 8 4.72727
F4+(12/40.727)*F3 0 12 8 -34 -40

-44 10 16 0 -20
0 -40.727 9.63636 12 -4.545
0 0 -21.902 10.839 3.652
F4+(10.83/21.90)*F3 0 0 10.8393 -30.46 -41.34

-44 10 16 0 -20 i1 = 0.84114017

0 -40.727 9.6364 12 -4.5455 i2 = 0.72064317
0 0 -21.9 10.839 3.65179 i3 = 0.61273347
0 0 0 -25.1 -39.532 i4 = 1.57498782

-44 10 16 0
U= 0 - 9.6363 12
 40.727 6
10.83
0 0 -21.902 9
0 0 0 -25.1

1 0 0 0
L = -0.227 1 0 0
-0.364 -0.2366 1 0
0 -0.2946 -0.495 1

L*c = b

1 0 0 0 c1 -20
-0.2273 1 0 0 c2 = 0
-0.3636 -0.2366 1 0 c3 12
0 -0.2946 -0.4949 1 c4 -40

c1 = -20 -20
c2 = -4.545 c= -4.54545
c3 = 3.6518 3.651786
c4 = -39.53 -39.532

U*i = c

-44 10 16 0 i1 -20
0 -40.727 9.63636 12 i2 = -4.545454545
0 0 -21.902 10.839 i3 3.651785714
0 0 0 -25.1 i4 -39.53200163

Intensidades en Ampere:
i1 = 0.8411
i2 = 0.7206
i3 = 0.6127
i4 = 1.575
METODOS DE DOOLITLE
METODO DE DOOLITLE: l(1,1) = l(2,2) = l(3,3) = l(4,4) = 1

l(1,1) 0 0 0
L= l(2,1) l(2,2) 0 0
l(3,1) l(3,2) l(3,3) 0
l(4,1) l(4,2) l(4,3) l(4,4)

METODO DE CROUT: u(1,1) = u(2,2) = u(3,3) = u(4,4) =

1

u(1,1) u(1,2) u(1,3) u(1,4)

U= 0 u(2,2) u(2,3) u(2,4)
0 0 u(3,3) u(3,4)
0 0 0 u(4,4)

L*U = A

1 0 0 0 u(1,1) u(1,2) u(1,3) u(1,4) -44 10 16 0

l(2,1) 1 0 0 0 u(2,2) u(2,3) u(2,4) = 10 -43 6 12
l(3,1) l(3,2) 1 0 0 0 u(3,3) u(3,4) 16 6 -30 8
l(4,1) l(4,2) l(4,3) 1 0 0 0 u(4,4) 0 12 8 -34

u(1,1) = -44 l(2,1) = -0.227 l(3,1) = -0.364 l(4,1) = 0

u(1,2) = 10 u(2,2) = -40.73 l(3,2) = -0.237 l(4,2) = -0.295
u(1,3) = 16 u(2,3) = 9.636 u(3,3) = -21.9 l(4,3) = -0.495
u(1,4) = 0 u(2,4) = 12 u(3,4) = 10.839 u(4,4) = -25.1

1 0 0 0 -44 10 16 0
L= -0.227 1 0 0 U= 0 -40.73 9.6364 12
-0.364 -0.237 1 0 0 0 -21.9 10.839
0 -0.295 -0.495 1 0 0 0 -25.1
L*c = b

1 0 0 0 c1 -20
-0.2273 1 0 0 c2 = 0
-0.3636 -0.237 1 0 c3 12
9.6364 -0.295 -0.495 1 c4 -40

c1 = -20 -20
c2 = -4.545 c= -4.545
c3 = 3.6518 3.6518
c4 = -39.53 -39.53

U*i = c

-44 10 16 0 i1 -20
0 -40.73 9.6364 12 i2 = -4.545
0 0 -21.9 10.839 i3 3.6518
0 0 0 -25.1 i4 -39.53

Intensidades en Ampere:
i1 = 0.8411
i2 = 0.7206
i3 = 0.6127
i4 = 1.575

METODO DE DOOLITLE CON PIVOTEO PARCIAL:

−44∗i1+10∗i 2+16∗i3=−20
10*i1-43*i2+6*i3+12*i4 = 0
Ecuación con 4 variables: 16*i1+6*i2-30*i3+8*i4 = 12
12*i2+8*i3-34*i4 = -40

-44 10 16 0 -20
A= 10 -43 6 12 b= 0
16 6 -30 8 12
0 12 8 -34 -40
HACIENDO PIVOTEO
-44 10 16 0 -20
A= 10 -43 6 12 0
16 6 -30 8 12
0 12 8 -34 -40

u(1,1) = a(1,1) = -44

u(1,2) = a(1,2) = 10
u(1,3) = a(1.3) = 16
u(1,4) = a(1,4) = 0
l(2,1) = -0.2273
l(3,1) = -0.3636
l(4,1) = 0

-44 10 16 0 -20 i−1

-0.2273 -43 6 12 0 u ( i, j ) =a ( i, j ) −∑ l ( i , k )∗u ( k , j ) ; i= j

k=1
-0.3636 6 -30 8 12 i−1
1
0 12 8 -34 -40 l (i , j )=
0
u( j , j) (
a ( i , j )−∑ l (i , k )∗u(k , j)
k=1
)
u(2,2) = -40.727
9.6363
∑ ¿0
k =1
u(2,3) = 6
u(2,4) = 12
l(3,2) = -0.2366
l(4,2) = -0.2946

-44 10 16 0 -20 -44 10 16 0 -20

9.63
-0.2273 -40.727 9.636 12 0 -0.2273 -40.727 6 12 0
-0.3636 -0.2366 -30 8 12 -0.3636 -0.2366 -24.2 8 12
0 -0.2946 8 -34 -40 0 -0.2946 -0.33 -34 -40

u(3,3)= -24.182 u(4,4) = -34

u(3,4) = 8
l(4,3) = -0.3308

-44 10 16 0 -20
-0.2273 -40.727 9.636 12 0
-0.3636 -0.2366 -24.2 8 12
0 -0.2946 -0.33 -34 -40
L*c = b

1 0 0 0 c1 -20
-0.2273 1 0 0 c2 = 0
-0.3636 -0.2366 1 0 c3 12
0 -0.2946 -0.331 1 c4 -40

c1 = -20 -20
c2 = -4.55 c= -4.5455
c3 = 3.652 3.6518
c4 = -40.1 -40.131

U*i = c

-44 10 16 0 i1 -20
0 -40.727 9.636 12 i2 = -4.54545455
0 0 -24.18 8 i3 3.65178571
0 0 0 -34 i4 -40.1311762

Intensidades en Ampere:
0.65
i1 = 9
0.51
i2 = 6
0.23
i3 = 9
i4 = 1.18

SOLUCION EN MATLAB:

disp('METODO DE DOOLITLE CON PIVOTEO PARCIAL')

A=[-44,10,16,0;10,-43,6,12;16,6,-30,8;0,12,8,-34]
b=[-20;0;12;-40]
u=zeros(4,4);
l=zeros(4,4);
u(1,1)=A(1,1);
u(1,2)=A(1,2);
u(1,3)=A(1,3);
u(1,4)=A(1,4);
l(2,1)=A(2,1)/u(1,1);
l(3,1)=A(3,1)/u(1,1);
l(4,1)=A(4,1)/u(1,1);
u(2,2)=A(2,2)-l(2,1)*u(1,2);
u(2,3)=A(2,3)-l(2,1)*u(1,3);
u(2,4)=A(2,4)-l(2,1)*u(1,4);
l(3,2)=(A(3,2)-l(3,1)*u(1,2))/u(2,2);
l(4,2)=(A(4,2)-l(4,1)*u(1,2))/u(2,2);
u(3,3)=A(3,3)-l(3,1)*u(1,3)-l(3,2)*u(2,3);
u(3,4)=A(3,4)-l(3,1)*u(1,4)-l(3,2)*u(2,4);
l(4,3)=(A(4,3)-l(4,1)*u(1,3)-l(4,2)*u(2,3))/u(3,3);
u(4,4)=A(4,4)-l(4,1)*u(1,4)-l(4,2)*u(2,4)-l(4,3)*u(3,4);
l(1,1)=1;
l(2,2)=1;
l(3,3)=1;
l(4,4)=1;
u;
l;
disp('valor de U:')
disp(u)
disp('valor de L:')
disp(l)
disp(' L * c = b')
c=[1;1;1;1];
m=[l c b];
disp(m)
c=linsolve(l,b);
disp('Matriz c :')
disp(c)

disp(' U * i = c')
k=[1;1;1;1];
j=[u k c];
disp(j)
i=linsolve(u,c);
disp('Matriz i (Ampere):')
disp(i)

CORRIENDO PROBLEMA:

METODO DE DOOLITLE CON PIVOTEO PARCIAL

A=

-44 10 16 0

10 -43 6 12

16 6 -30 8

0 12 8 -34
b=

-20

12

-40

valor de U:

-44.0000 10.0000 16.0000 0

0 -40.7273 9.6364 12.0000

0 0 -21.9018 10.8393

0 0 0 -25.0999

valor de L:

1.0000 0 0 0

-0.2273 1.0000 0 0

-0.3636 -0.2366 1.0000 0

0 -0.2946 -0.4949 1.0000

L * c = b

1.0000 0 0 0 1.0000 -20.0000

-0.2273 1.0000 0 0 1.0000 0

-0.3636 -0.2366 1.0000 0 1.0000 12.0000

0 -0.2946 -0.4949 1.0000 1.0000 -40.0000

Matriz c :

-20.0000

-4.5455

3.6518
 -39.5320

U * i = c

-44.0000 10.0000 16.0000 0 1.0000 -20.0000

0 -40.7273 9.6364 12.0000 1.0000 -4.5455

0 0 -21.9018 10.8393 1.0000 3.6518

0 0 0 -25.0999 1.0000 -39.5320

Matriz i (Ampere):

0.8411

0.7206

0.6127

1.575
PROBLEMA DE APLICACIÓN

SOLUCION EN EXCEL:

METODO DE CHOLESKY PARA MATRICES SIMETRICAS

8 -2 -2 0 0
A= -2 8 -2 -2 b= -110
-2 -2 10 -2 220
0 -2 -2 6 220

L11= √ a 11
ai1
Li1 = , i=2,3 , .. . ., n
L11
i−1 1

(
Lii= a11 − ∑
k =1
2
lin ) 2
; i=2
i−1
1 i= j+1, j+2 , .. . ., n−1
Lij=
(
a −∑ l l
L11 ij k =1 ik jk ) j=2,3 , . .. .. , n
Lij=0 i< j

La factorización de A es: A = L*U A = L*L'

l(1,1) 0 0 0 l(1,1) l(1,2) l(1,3) l(1,4)

A= l(2,1) l(2,2) 0 0 0 l(2,2) l(2,3) l(2,4)
l(3,1) l(3,2) l(3,3) 0 0 0 l(3,3) l(3,4)
l(4,1) l(4,2) l(4,3) l(4,4) 0 0 0 l(4,4)

l(1,1) = 2.82843 l(1,2) = 0 l(1,3) = 0 l(1,4) =

l(2,1) = -0.7071 l(2,2) = 2.738613 l(2,3) = 0 l(2,4) =
l(3,1) = -0.7071 l(3,2) = -0.912871 l(3,3) = 2.94392 l(3,4) =
l(4,1) = 0 l(4,2) = -2.19089 l(4,3) = -0.6 l(4,4) = 0.916

2.8284271
2 0 0 0
-
0.7071067 2.7386
L= 8 1 0 0
-
0.7071067 2.9439
8 -0.9129 2 0
 0 -2.1909 -0.6 0.916515

- -
2.8284 0.707107 0.70710678 0
- -
U = L' 0 2.738613 0.91287093 2.19089023
0 0 2.94392029 -0.6
0 0 0 0.91651514

L*c = b

2.8284271
2 0 0 0 c1 0
-
0.7071067 2.7386
8 1 0 0 c2 = -110
-
0.7071067 2.9439
8 -0.9129 2 0 c3 220
0 -2.1909 -0.6 0.916515 c4 220

c1 = 0 0
- -
c2 = 40.1663209 c= 40.1663209
c3 = 62.2752369 62.2752369
c4 = 184.79252 184.79252

U*i = c

2.8284271
2 -0.7071 -0.7071 0 i1 0
2.7386 -
0 1 -0.9129 -2.19089 i2 = 40.166
2.9439
0 0 2 -0.6 i3 62.275
0 0 0 0.916515 i4 184.79

Intensidades en Ampere:
57.4073
i1 = 821
i2 = 167.382
 484
62.2470
i3 = 449
201.625
i4 = 169

SOLUCION EN MATLAB:

disp('METODO DE CHOLESKY')
A=[8,-2,-2,0;-2,8,-2,-2;-2,-2,10,-2;0,-2,-2,6]
b=[0;-110;220;220]
l=zeros(4,4);
l(1,1)=(A(1,1))^0.5;
l(2,1)=A(2,1)/A(1,1);
l(3,1)=A(3,1)/A(1,1);
l(4,1)=A(4,1)/A(1,1);
l(2,2)=(A(2,2)-(l(2,1))^2)^0.5;
l(3,2)=(A(3,2)-l(3,1)*l(1,2))/l(2,2);
l(4,2)=(A(4,2)-l(4,1)*l(1,2))/l(2,2);
l(3,3)=(A(3,3)-((l(3,1))^2+(l(3,2))^2))^0.5;
l(4,3)=(A(4,3)-(l(4,1)*l(3,1)+l(4,2)*l(3,2)))/l(3,3);
l(4,4)=(A(4,4)-((l(4,1))^2+(l(4,2))^2+(l(4,3))^2))^0.5
l;
disp('valor de L:')
disp(l)
disp('valor de Lt:')
lt=l';
disp(lt)
disp(' L * c = b')
c=[1;1;1;1];
m=[l c b];
disp(m)
c=linsolve(l,b);
disp('Matriz c :')
disp(c)

disp(' Lt * i = c')
k=[1;1;1;1];
j=[lt k c];
disp(j)
i=linsolve(lt,c);
disp('Matriz i (Ampere):')
disp(i)
CORRIENDO PROGRAMA:

METODO DE CHOLESKY

A=

8 -2 -2 0

-2 8 -2 -2

-2 -2 10 -2

0 -2 -2 6

b=

-110

220

220

l=

2.8284 0 0 0

-0.2500 2.8174 0 0

-0.2500 -0.7099 3.0714 0

0 -0.7099 -0.8152 2.1981

valor de L:
 2.8284 0 0 0

-0.2500 2.8174 0 0

-0.2500 -0.7099 3.0714 0

0 -0.7099 -0.8152 2.1981

valor de Lt:

2.8284 -0.2500 -0.2500 0

0 2.8174 -0.7099 -0.7099

0 0 3.0714 -0.8152

0 0 0 2.1981

L * c = b

2.8284 0 0 0 1.0000 0

-0.2500 2.8174 0 0 1.0000 -110.0000

-0.2500 -0.7099 3.0714 0 1.0000 220.0000

0 -0.7099 -0.8152 2.1981 1.0000 220.0000

Matriz c :

-39.0437

62.6043

110.6983

Lt * i = c

2.8284 -0.2500 -0.2500 0 1.0000 0

0 2.8174 -0.7099 -0.7099 1.0000 -39.0437

0 0 3.0714 -0.8152 1.0000 62.6043

0 0 0 2.1981 1.0000 110.6983

Matriz i (Ampere):

3.6315

7.3354

33.7504

50.3619