Ex No 7

10.10.2020

IIR Filter Design

Aim:
To generate a MATLAB code that designs various types of filters, to plot the transfer characteristics, and to filter
out input data sequences

Software used:
MATLAB

Code:
1.Design a digital Butterworth IIR filter using bilinear transformation to meet the following specification:

Pass band edge frequency:200 Hz = 0.2pi rad/sec = 1256.64 rad/sec

Stop band edge frequency:800 Hz = 0.8pi rad/sec = 5026.55 rad/sec

Pass band attenuation: 2dB ; Stop band attenuation:35dB ; Sampling rate: 2kHz

(i)Find the magnitude response and phase response of the system

(ii)Find the spectrum of input and output signals if the input signal is

x(t)=cos(2πf1t)+2cos(2πf2t)+2sin#(2πf3t), where, f1=50Hz, f2=100Hz and f3=950Hz.

%LPF analog design to dgital design(butter)

%Initiaizing the inputs
fs=2000;
N=fs;
f1=50;f2=100;f3=950;
t=0:N-1;
%Finding order and cutoff frequency of the filter
[order,cut_freq]=buttord(2*pi*200,2*pi*800,2,35,'s');
[num,denom]=butter(order,cut_freq,'low','s'); %Coefficients of transfer function
w=0:6000;
[h,W]=freqs(num,denom,w); %Finding the transfer function

disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

1.0e+13 *

1
 0 0 0 0 1.1354

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0e+13 *

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 1.1354

figure(1)
w1=w/(2*pi); %Normalising to frequency scale
plot(w1,20*log10(abs(h)));
title('Analog HPF Filter response');
xlabel('Frequencies(Hz)');
ylabel('H[w] in db');

[num_d,denom_d]=bilinear(num,denom,fs); %Analog to Digital

figure(2)
freqz(num_d,denom_d);
title('Digital LPF Filter response');

2
x = cos(2*pi*f1*t/fs)+2*cos(2*pi*f2*t/fs) + 2*sin(2*pi*f3*t/fs); %Input signal
ip_dft=fft(x,N);
y=filter(num_d,denom_d,x);
op_dft=fft(y,N);

figure(3)
%subplot(211)
stem(abs(ip_dft)); %Plotting input spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('InputSpectrum');

3
figure(4)
%subplot(212)
stem(abs(op_dft)); %Plotting input spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('OututSpectrum');

4
2.Design a digital Chebyshev IIR filter using bilinear transformation to meet the following specification:

Pass band edge frequency:800 Hz = 0.8pi rad/sec = 5026.55 rad/sec

Stop band edge frequency:200 Hz = 0.2pi rad/sec = 1256.64 rad/sec

Pass band attenuation: 2dB ; Stop band attenuation:35dB ; Sampling rate: 2kHz

(i)Find the magnitude response and phase response of the system

(ii)Find the spectrum of input and output signals if the input signal is

x(t)=cos(2πf1t)+2cos(2πf2t)+2sin#(2πf3t), where, f1=50Hz, f2=100Hz and f3=950Hz.

%HPF analog design - dgital design(Cheby)

%Initiaizing the inputs
fs=2000;
N=fs;
f1=50;f2=100;f3=950;
t=0:N-1;
[order,cut_freq]=cheb1ord(2*pi*800,2*pi*200,2,35,'s'); %Finding order and cutoof frequency
[num,denom]=cheby1(order,2,2*pi*800,'high','s');
w=0:6000;
[h,W]=freqs(num,denom,w); %Finding the transfer function

disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

5
disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

1 0 0 0

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0e+11 *

0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 3.8852

figure(1)
w1=w/(2*pi); %Normalising to frequency scale
plot(w1,20*log10(abs(h)));
title('Analog HPF Filter response');
xlabel('Frequencies(Hz)');
ylabel('H[w] in db');

6
[num_d,denom_d]=bilinear(num,denom,fs); %Analog to digital
figure(2)
freqz(num_d,denom_d);
title('Digital HPF Filter response');

x = cos(2*pi*f1*t/fs)+2*cos(2*pi*f2*t/fs) + 2*sin(2*pi*f3*t/fs); %Input signal

ip_dft=fft(x,N);
y=filter(num_d,denom_d,x);
op_dft=fft(y,N);

figure(3)
%subplot(211)
stem(abs(ip_dft)); %Plotting input spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('InputSpectrum');

7
figure(4)
%subplot(212)
stem(abs(op_dft)); %Plotting output spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('OututSpectrum');

8
3.Design a digital Butterworth IIR to meet the following specifications:

Pass band edge frequency:200 Hz = 0.2pi rad/sec = 0.1571 rad/sec(normalised)

Stop band edge frequency:800 Hz = 0.8pi rad/sec = 0.6283 rad/sec(normalised)

Pass band attenuation: 2dB ; Stop band attenuation:35dB ;Sampling rate: 2kHz

(i)Find the magnitude response and phase response of the system

(ii)Find the spectrum of input and output signals if the input signal is

x(t)=cos(2πf1t)+2cos(2πf2t)+2sin#(2πf3t), where, f1=50Hz, f2=100Hz and f3=950Hz.

%LPF direct Digital design(butter)

%Initializing Inputs
fs=2000;
N=fs;
f1=50;f2=100;f3=950;
t=0:N-1;
wp=200*2*pi/8000; %Normalizing the frequencies
ws=800*2*pi/8000;
[order,cut_freq]=buttord(wp,ws,2,35); %Finding order and cutoff frequency
[num,denom]=butter(order,cut_freq,'low'); %Finding transfer function coefficients
disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

9
disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

0.0285 0.0855 0.0855 0.0285

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0000 -1.5216 0.9624 -0.2127

figure(1)
freqz(num,denom);
title('Digital LPF Filter response');

x = cos(2*pi*f1*t/fs)+2*cos(2*pi*f2*t/fs) + 2*sin(2*pi*f3*t/fs); %Input signal

ip_dft=fft(x,N);
y=filter(num,denom,x);
op_dft=fft(y,N);

10
figure(2)
%subplot(211)
stem(abs(ip_dft)); %Plotting input spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('InputSpectrum');

figure(3)
%subplot(212)
stem(abs(op_dft)); %Plotting output spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('OututSpectrum');

11
4.Design a digital Chebyshev IIR to meet the following specifications:

Pass band edge frequency:800 Hz = 0.8pi rad/sec = 0.6283 rad/sec(normalised)

Stop band edge frequency:200 Hz = 0.2pi rad/sec = 0.1571 rad/sec(normalised)

Pass band attenuation: 2dB ; Stop band attenuation:35dB ; Sampling rate: 2kHz

(i)Find the magnitude response and phase response of the system

(ii)Find the spectrum of input and output signals if the input signal is

x(t)=cos(2πf1t)+2cos(2πf2t)+2sin#(2πf3t), where, f1=50Hz, f2=100Hz and f3=950Hz.

%HPF direct Digital design(chebyshev)

%Initializing Inputs
fs=2000;
N=fs;
f1=50;f2=100;f3=950;
t=0:N-1;
wp=800*2*pi/8000; %Normalizing the frequencies
ws=200*2*pi/8000;
[order,cut_freq]=cheb1ord(wp,ws,2,35); %Finding order and cutoff frequency
[num,denom]=cheby1(order,2,cut_freq,'high'); %Finding transfer function coefficients
disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

12
disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

0.0465 -0.1395 0.1395 -0.0465

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0000 1.3603 1.1584 0.4263

figure(1)
freqz(num,denom);
title('Digital HPF Filter response');

x = cos(2*pi*f1*t/fs)+2*cos(2*pi*f2*t/fs) + 2*sin(2*pi*f3*t/fs); %Input signal

ip_dft=fft(x,N);
y=filter(num,denom,x);
op_dft=fft(y,N);

13
figure(2)
%subplot(211)
stem(abs(ip_dft)); %Plotting input spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('InputSpectrum');

figure(3)
%subplot(212)
stem(abs(op_dft)); %Plotting output spectrum
ylim([0 max(abs(ip_dft))+1]);
xlabel('K');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('OututSpectrum');

14
5.(i)Design an Analog BandPass IIR filter to meet the following specifications:

Pass band lower cut-off frequency: 50 Hz = 314.16 rad/sec

Pass band upper cut-off frequency: 20 kHz = 125.667 krad/sec

Stop band lower cut-off frequency: 20 Hz = 125.67 rad/sec

Stop band upper cut-off frequency: 45 kHz = 282.745 krad/sec

Pass band attenuation: 3dB ; Stop band attenuation:20dB ; Find the monotonic frequency response of the
system.

%Initialising the inputs

wp=[2*pi*50,2*pi*20000];
ws=[2*pi*20,2*pi*45000];
[order,cut_freq]=buttord(wp,ws,3,20,'s'); %Finding order and cutoff frequency
[num,denom]=butter(order,cut_freq,'bandpass','s'); %Finding transfer function coefficients
disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

15
The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

1.0e+15 *

0 0 0 2.2684 0 0 0

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0e+22 *

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0410 6.1529

w=0:500000;
[h,W]=freqs(num,denom,w); %Finding the transfer function
%w1=w/(2*pi); %Normalising to frequency scale
figure(1)
plot(w,20*log10(h));

Warning: Imaginary parts of complex X and/or Y arguments ignored.

xlim([min(w)-100000 inf]);
title('Analog BPF Filter response');
xlabel('w(rad/sec)');
ylabel('H[w] in db');

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5.(ii)Design a Digital BandPass IIR filter using impulse invariance method to meet the following specifications:

Pass band lower cut-off frequency: 50 Hz = 314.16 rad/sec

Pass band upper cut-off frequency: 20 kHz = 125.667 krad/sec

Stop band lower cut-off frequency: 20 Hz = 125.67 rad/sec

Stop band upper cut-off frequency: 45 kHz = 282.745 krad/sec

Pass band attenuation: 3dB ; Stop band attenuation:20dB ; Sampling rate: 100kHz ;Find the monotonic
frequency response of the system.

fs=100000;
wp=[2*pi*50,2*pi*20000];
ws=[2*pi*20,2*pi*45000];
[order,cut_freq]=buttord(wp,ws,3,20,'s'); %Finding order and cutoff frequency
[num,denom]=butter(order,cut_freq,'bandpass','s'); %Finding transfer function coefficients
disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

1.0e+15 *

0 0 0 2.2684 0 0 0

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0e+22 *

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0410 6.1529

figure(1)
[num_d,denom_d]=impinvar(num,denom,fs);
freqz(num_d,denom_d);
title('Digital BPF after Impulse invariance');

17
6.(i)Design an Analog Bandstop IIR filter to meet the following specifications:

Pass band lower cut-off frequency: 25 Hz = 157.07 rad/sec

Pass band upper cut-off frequency: 225 Hz = 1413.72 rad/sec

Stop band lower cut-off frequency: 100 Hz = 628.32 rad/sec

Stop band upper cut-off frequency: 150 Hz = 942.48 rad/sec

Pass band attenuation: 3dB ; Stop band attenuation:18dB ;Find the monotonic frequency response of the
system.

%Initialising the inputs

wp=[2*pi*25,2*pi*225];
ws=[2*pi*100,2*pi*150];
[order,cut_freq]=buttord(wp,ws,3,18,'s'); %Finding order and cutoff frequency
[num,denom]=butter(order,cut_freq,'stop','s'); %Finding transfer function coefficients
disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

18
 The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

1.0e+11 *

0.0000 0 0.0000 0 3.5067

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0e+11 *

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0074 3.5067

figure(1)
w=0:2500;
[h,W]=freqs(num,denom,w); %Finding the transfer function
plot(w,20*log10(abs(h)));
title('Analog BSF Filter response');
xlabel('w(rad/sec)');
ylabel('H[w] in db');

6.(ii)Design a Digital Bandstop IIR filter using bilinear transformation to meet the following specifications:

Pass band lower cut-off frequency: 25 Hz = 157.07 rad/sec

19
Pass band upper cut-off frequency: 225 Hz = 1413.72 rad/sec

Stop band lower cut-off frequency: 100 Hz = 628.32 rad/sec

Stop band upper cut-off frequency: 150 Hz = 942.48 rad/sec

Pass band attenuation: 3dB ; Stop band attenuation:18dB ;Sampling rate: 500Hz

Find the monotonic frequency response of the system.

fs=500;
wp=[2*pi*25,2*pi*225];
ws=[2*pi*100,2*pi*150];
[order,cut_freq]=buttord(wp,ws,3,20,'s'); %Finding order and cutoff frequency
[num,denom]=butter(order,cut_freq,'stop','s'); %Finding transfer function coefficients
disp('The order of the filter is');

The order of the filter is

disp(order);

disp('The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of numerator polynomial are:

disp(num);

1.0e+11 *

0.0000 0 0.0000 0 3.5067

disp('The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:');

The coefficients of denominator polynomial are:

disp(denom);

1.0e+11 *

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0083 3.5067

figure(1)
[num_d,denom_d]=bilinear(num,denom,fs);
freqz(num_d,denom_d);
title('Digital BSF after BLT');

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21