Name: Ilham Faza Loka

Class: International
ID: 1900018159

Primary Memory is memory unit that communicates directly with the CPU is called main
memory. The primary memory allows the computer to store data for immediate
manipulation and to keep track of what is currently being processed. It is volatile in
nature, it means that when the power is turned off, the contents of the primary memory
are lost forever.

Internal memory is used to store data that is used by the system at start-up and to run
various types of programs such as the operating system. Internal memory is mostly
contained on small microchips that are either attached or connected to the computer's
motherboard.
RAM is the memory in the computer which saves computer programs and any
information that you have done on the
computer so when you want to go back to anything from last time, it has automatically
saved it. Normally the RAM is emptied every time the computer is turned off and
from this; this stores up other computer programs and information
again.

There are two categories of RAM

(i)Dynamic RAM (DRAM) It is made up of memory cells where each cell is composed of
one capacitor and one transistor. DRAM must be refreshed continually to store
information. The refresh operation occurs automatically thousands of times per second
DRAM is slower, less-expensive and occupies less space on the computer’s
motherboard.

(ii) Static RAM (SRAM) It retains the data as long as power is provided to the memory
chip. It needs not be ‘refreshed’ periodically. SRAM uses multiple transistors for each
memory cell. It does not use capacitor. SRAM is often used as cache memory due to its
high speed. SRAM is more expensive than DRAM.

Extended Data Output Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM) It is a type of RAM chip. It is used to
improve the time to read content from memory and enhance the method of access.

ROM is a memory chip where system instructions are permanently stored. The data
which is stored on ROM can be read but it cannot be changed. When the computer is
switched off, any data which is saved on ROM cannot be lost.
Cache is a form of memory and can seem to speed up any
applications on the computer. For instance; Internet Explorer uses Cache by
saving any web pages you have visited. Next time you use the web page it will
automatically check to see if it is available in the Cache. Therefore, this
makes it easier for you and everyone rather than you downloading it and going through
the process again.

Cache memory is a storage buffer that stores the data that is used more often.
temporarily and makes them available to CPU at a fast rate.

The data and instructions that are required during the processing of data are brought
from the secondary storage devices and stored in the RAM. For processing it is required
that the data and instructions are accessed from the RAM and stored in the registers.

There are three categories of ROM.

(i) Programmable ROM (PROM) It is also non-volatile in nature. Once a PROM has been
programmed, its contents can never be changed. It is a one-time programmable device.
PROMs are manufactured blank and can be programmed at buffer, Final test or in
system.

These type of memories are found in video game consoles, mobile phones, implantable
medical devices and high definition multimedia interfaces. PROM was invented by Wen
Tsing Chow in 1956.

(ii) Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM) It is similar to PROM, but it can be erased by
exposure to strong ultraviolet light,then rewritten. So,it is also known as Ultraviolet
Erasable Programmable ROM (UV EPROM).EPROM was invented by Dov Frohman of
Intel in 1971.

(iii) Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM) It is similar to EPROM, but it can
be erased electrically, then rewritten electrically and the burning process is reversible by
exposure to electric pulses.

Cache memory is a very high speed memory placed in between RAM and CPU. Cache
memory increases the speed of processing.

Cache memory is very expensive, so it is smaller in size. Generally. computers have

cache memory of sizes 256 KB to 2 MB
There are three different main types of internal memory and one these internal memory
is RAM which stands for random access memory. RAM is fast and is only used for
temporary storage for things like applications and data. RAM is made of small memory
chips to make a memory module and then they are set up onto the motherboard of the
computer. When a program is opened it gets loaded through a hard drive then into RAM
as it is faster to read data through RAM than it is to through a hard drive. The more RAM
a computer has the faster it is as more data can be loaded. ROM is another type of
internal memory is ROM which stands for read only memory and this can’t be changed
by a program. ROM keeps its memory after the computer has been turned off and it
does things like controls the computer to turn on. In computers the information is read
from the BIOS in the ROM.