Mansoura University 3rd year Mech.

Faculty of Engineering Jan. 2015

Dept. of Power Mech. Eng. Exam Type: Final
Course Title: Two-Phase Flow Time: 3 Hours
Course Code: MPE4315 Full Mark: 60
Answer all the following questions.
1) (a) Define the following terms:
1- The dryness fraction. 2- The void fraction.
3- The drift velocity. 4- The gas superficial velocity.
5- The homogenous velocity. 6- The entrainment.
[3 Marks]

(b) Describe with drawing the operation principles of the two-tube boiler with circulation
[3 Marks]

(c) Starting from the basic definition of the dryness fraction (x), Show that:
1
x=
ρ  1 − α  1 
1+  l 
 ρg  α  k 
 
where ρl, ρg, α and k are the gas density, the liquid density, the void fraction and the
velocity ratio, respectively. [3 Marks]

(d) A water-gas mixture flows in a 2 in. pipe at liquid and gas superficial velocities of 2.5
m/s and 7 m/s, respectively. The gas cross-sectional ratio (α) is equal to 0.2. Evaluate:

(i) The phase velocities and homogeneous velocity.

(ii) The velocity ratio (k).
(iii) The dryness fraction (x).
(iv) The mixture density and the homogeneous density.
(v) The slip velocity.
(vi) The single phase friction pressure gradients DpFL0, DpFL, DpFG0 and DpFG.
Take the single phase friction factor as λ=0.19/Re0.2.
(vii) The Lockhart-Martinelli parameter and the excess dimensionless pressure
drop taking the two-phase pressure gradient due to friction as 900 mbar/m.
The physical properties are:
vG = 0.84 m3/kg, vL = 1*10-3 m3/kg, μG = 1.789*10-5 N.sec/m2 and μL = 1.002*10-3
N.sec/m2 [14 Marks]

2) (a)- Describe with drawing the flow patterns that can be occurred in vertical gas-solid
flows in a circular duct. [4 Marks]

(b)- Compare with drawings between the slug flow pattern that can be occurred in a
circular duct and annular channels (a rod is inserted in the flow passage of circular tubes).
[3 Marks]

1
(c) Using the separated flow model, prove that:
 1− x
ve = [xvG + k (1 − x )v L ]  x +
 k 
where ve, x, k, vG and vL are the effective momentum specific volume, the dryness
fraction, the velocity ratio, the gas specific volume and the liquid specific volume,
respectively. [4 Marks]

(d)- Saturated steam enters a 2 in. pipe at a flow rate of 0.001 m3/s and a pressure of 60
bar. Evaluate the pressure drop due to the momentum forces when the exit dryness
fraction is 0.2 and the gas cross-sectional ratio (void ratio) is 0.4.

The physical properties are

vG=183*10-3 m3/kg
vL=1.0*10-3 m3/kg [5 Marks]

3) (a) Discuss briefly the influence of the flow pulsations on the momentum flux
(decrease or increase). [3 Marks]

(b) Specify the limitations of the Homogenous Flow Model. [3 Marks]

(c) Using the homogeneous theory and assuming that µ TP = µ L, prove that:
  vG  
ϕ 2 FL 0 = 1 +  − 1 x 
  vL  
where µ TP, µ L, φ2FL0, vG, vL and x are the two-phase viscosity, the liquid viscosity, the
two-phase multiplier, the gas specific volume and the liquid specific volume and the
dryness fraction, respectively. [3 Marks]

(d) Two phase mixture of gas and liquid is flowing in an inclined (θ=45°) adiabatic pipe
with 50 mm internal diameter and 4 m in length. The inlet velocities of gas and liquid are
9 and 2 m/s, respectively. Assume constant properties at reference pressure p = 7 Mpa.
Calculate:
1. The gravity pressure drop component in the pipe using the Homogenous theory
( α = β ).
2. The gravity pressure drop component in the pipe using the Armand correlation.
3. The friction pressure drop component in the pipe if ε/D, λL0 and λG0 are 0.001,
0.02 and 0.01, respectively. Use Armand correlation to calculate α .
4. The friction pressure drop component in the pipe if the liquid with G = GL + GG
kg/m2.s was flowing only in the same pipe. Assume λL = 0.0015.

α = C A β , where α , C A and β are the void fraction, the Armand coefficient (=0.83) and
the volume flow ratio, respectively.

2
  21Γ − 2 2− n + 2
 when Γ f 8.9
 Γ 2 −1
Bs =  ,
 2− n
2 −1 when Γ p 8.9


(0.25− n ) 0.25
B R    µ G 
2
 D 
= 0.51 +   + 10 − 600ε 
B S    µ L  
 

2
and ϕ FL 0 = 1 + (Γ − 1) Bx
2
[
(2− n ) / 2 (1 − x )(2 − n ) / 2 + x 2− n ]
where BR and BS and n are the B coefficient parameter for rough and smooth pipes,
respectively. n is the Blasius equation exponent.
The physical properties at reference pressure = 7 Mpa are
vG = 32*10-3 m3/kg, vL = 1.0*10-3 m3/kg , μL = 100*10-6 N.s/m2 and μG = 20*10-6 N.s/m2

[12 Marks]

Good Luck Dr. Mohamed Mansour