International Journal of Emerging

Electric Power Systems

Volume 9, Issue 2 2008 Article 4

Experimental Investigation of the

Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation
Characteristics of the Partial Discharge
Laboratory at Jadavpur University
Biswendu Chatterjee∗ Debangshu Dey†
Sivaji Chakravorti‡ Chinmoy Kanti Roy∗∗

∗
Jadavpur University, biswenduc@gmail.com
†
Jadavpur University, debangshudey80@gmail.com
‡
Jadavpur University, sivaji@ee.jdvu.ac.in
∗∗
Jadavpur University, chinmoy kanti@hotmail.com

Copyright 2008
c The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.
 Experimental Investigation of the
Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation
Characteristics of the Partial Discharge
Laboratory at Jadavpur University∗
Biswendu Chatterjee, Debangshu Dey, Sivaji Chakravorti, and Chinmoy Kanti
Roy

Abstract
Electromagnetic interference is becoming an increasing concern, because of the high inten-
sity of surrounding electromagnetic waves, mainly arising from communication signals and also
due to widespread use of equipment that operates at radio frequencies. As a consequence, sensi-
tive data acquisition equipment suffers from erroneous results. Operating such instruments in a
suitable shielded environment can significantly reduce this electromagnetic interference. But to
achieve good shielding in practice, construction-related problems are to be faced, especially in
large spaces, where a single metal plate cannot cover the whole area. Unless special care is taken,
electromagnetic waves can penetrate through the gap in the joints and defects like drill holes re-
ducing the shielding effectiveness. Also, a single layer of shielding is not always effective as the
quality deteriorates drastically even due to minor constructional defects as mentioned above. This
paper describes real-life experiences, step-by-step, in the shielding of a spacious insulation diag-
nostic laboratory (with a target of at least 55 dB signal attenuation), firstly using a good conducting
material, using two different methods for joining the sheets, and ultimately constructing a second
layer of shielding using a magnetic material. To study the attenuation behavior of the laboratory
with respect to electromagnetic waves, a device for the relative measurement of surrounding elec-
tromagnetic signal strength is developed. The signal levels are measured initially outside and then
at different places inside the shielded laboratory. The results presented in this paper show (1)
the variation of attenuation characteristics inside the shielded laboratory due to different methods
adopted for joining the shielding sheets using a good conducting material, (2) the effect of a sec-
ond shielding layer in the form of a box that was constructed using a magnetic material and placed
inside the laboratory and (3) the improvement in attenuation behavior after the actual construction
of the second layer of shielding using a magnetic material.

KEYWORDS: electro-magnetic compatibility, electro-magnetic shielding, laboratory shielding,

signal attenuation

∗
This work was supported through a grant given by the Centre for Mobile Computing and Com-
munication at Jadavpur University. The authors are with the Electrical Engineering Department,
Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
 Chatterjee et al.: Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation Characteristics

I. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the density of electromagnetic waves at a particular place is

continually increasing. This is due to the increasing application of devices that use
the method of transmission of signals through electromagnetic waves and also due
to increased broadcasting, e.g. AM, FM, mobile communication, etc. The
increasing use of commercial, military, and scientific electrical products and
electronic devices has raised the problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI),
also known as electromagnetic environmental pollution [1]. As a consequence the
investigation of low-level sensitive signal suffers from this EMI producing erratic
results. So there is an increased need for EMI shielding [2]. Different metal-plates
and foils, several other structures like bounded-junction wire-mesh screens [3] are
adopted to investigate the electromagnetic shielding behavior. Moreover, there are
situations where the instruments generating the signals for study need spacious
setup demanding a large interference free environment. In such cases the entire
laboratory needs to be shielded from electromagnetic waves. This situation was
faced when an initiative was taken to measure the phenomenon of Partial
Discharge (PD) for the insulation condition monitoring in the High Tension
Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.
Here the sizes of source transformer, filters, corona free cables and specimen
samples demand a large layout space, but at the same time the entire layout has to
work in nearly electromagnetic interference free environment [4]. The remedy is
to shield the whole laboratory. But there are problems in real-life construction of
large electromagnetic shielded enclosures especially when metal plates are used.
One of the major concerns is the joining technique of the sheets. The
electromagnetic shielding effectiveness reduces drastically due to gaps in the
joints and even due to very minor defects in the shield layer caused by bolt holes,
nail holes, and other construction-related defects [5]. Also innovative design
techniques are required for joining [6], [7]. In cases especially where the shielded
enclosure is large, a second layer of shielding helps in improving the attenuation
characteristics by covering up the construction related defects in previous layer. A
two layer shielding with one layer made up of a good conductor like copper and
the other made up of a magnetic material like Galvanized Iron (GI) is a good
combination to achieve both electrostatic and electromagnetic shielding [7]. The
performance is investigated for the two most prominent signals namely 657 kHz
and 1008 kHz that are present in the surroundings and is likely to interfere most
with the data signals. The first step after shielding the laboratory was to test its
effectiveness in relation to electromagnetic wave in the aforesaid frequency band.
Measurement procedures and techniques have already been provided as standards
for determining the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding enclosures [8]. One
of the measurements is in terms of insertion loss, that is, the reduction in

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 International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Vol. 9 [2008], Iss. 2, Art. 4

the fields coupled between a transmitter and a receiver, which results from
interposing the shield material [9]. A straightforward method is to test the signal
strength outside and then its reduction in magnitude inside the shielded enclosure
to compute the attenuation. To measure the relative signal strength a hand-held
device was developed in the laboratory that involved a process of converting the
captured environmental electromagnetic signal tuned at a particular frequency to a
voltage corresponding to the amplitude of the signal [4]. The portable unit was
then placed at different places outside and inside the laboratory for a
comprehensive study of the shielding behavior of the laboratory from
electromagnetic waves.
The aforesaid Partial Discharge Laboratory is built with a target to achieve at
least 55 dB of environmental signal attenuation. It was initially shielded using
overlapped copper sheet joints that were screwed together. At that stage the
investigations were performed to study the variation of the attenuation of
electromagnetic waves within the copper shielded laboratory. The shielding sheet
joints and defects like drill holes were then gas-welded using a copper-alloy
solder. Experiments were again performed to study the improvement of
attenuation. Next, the attenuation was studied inside a box made up of GI sheet
placed outside and inside the laboratory to draw an inference on the effect of a
second shielding layer in the laboratory. Finally, the second shielding layer of
actual dimension was constructed and tested. The shielding effectiveness of the
laboratory was then tested by the Society of Applied Microwave Electronics
Engineering and Research under Ministry of Communication and Information
Technology, Government of India, for certification. They are authorized on behalf
of the Government of India for certification of shielding effectiveness as required
in this case. The results showed close match with the results obtained by the
experiments performed as reported in this paper proving the validity of the
experiments performed.

II. DETAILS OF TECHNICAL WORK

A. Description of the signal strength measuring unit

The electromagnetic wave at a particular point was picked up by a parallel LC

circuit tuned to resonate at a selected frequency under test. The capacitance was
kept variable in this case to achieve a tuning range of 550 kHz to 1650 kHz. The
intermediate frequency (IF) output from the IF amplifier had the amplitude
according to the level of input signal. The IF signal was then rectified and filtered.
Suitable scaling circuit was used for the output to be readable from an integrated

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 Chatterjee et al.: Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation Characteristics

digital voltmeter to compute the signal strength [4]. The schematic of the
developed electromagnetic signal strength meter is shown in Fig. 1 and the actual
photograph of the developed meter is given in Fig. 2.
The unit on the right hand side of Fig. 2 is the pick up unit connected to the
main meter through a shielded wire. The meter has 20 mV, 200mV and 2000 mV
full scale reading with externally settable gain and a separate zero adjustment in
the absence of signal.

Fig. 1. Schematic of electromagnetic signal strength meter.

The procedure of measurement with the meter was simple. At first the
measurement was taken at a reference point outside the laboratory, tuned to a
particular frequency. Then the gain was adjusted to 1000 mV (reference). The
meter was then taken inside the laboratory at the test points and the reduction in
output voltage was measured at different places to compute the attenuation and
the shielding effect. The details of the scale, resolution, error and accuracy of the
meter are given below in Table I.

TABLE I: THE MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS OF THE METER

Sl No. Scale of the Resolution of ±Error %Accuracy of
meter the meter (mV) full scale
(mV) (mV) reading (±)

1. 20 0.01 0.015
2. 200 0.1 0.15 0.075
3. 2000 1 1.5

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 International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Vol. 9 [2008], Iss. 2, Art. 4

Fig. 2. Photograph of the developed electromagnetic signal strength meter.

B. Construction of a large, double shielded Partial Discharge laboratory in

three stages

A large, double shielded laboratory has been constructed in Jadavpur University.

The purpose of this laboratory is primarily for measuring the low level sensitive
signals, e.g. signals generated from Partial Discharge (PD) of specimen samples
under test and also for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of other
instruments. The shielded laboratory serves to attenuate the incoming
electromagnetic waves, primarily the communication signals, inside the
laboratory to such a level that it would not interfere with the investigations.
The laboratory was constructed in a three stage process to study the progress
in shielding behavior. After each stage of construction, investigations were
performed to observe the limitations and subsequently the next modification was
done. The progressive stages are explained below in details.

1) Stage-I: Construction of the shielded laboratory using copper sheets with

overlapped and screwed joints

The laboratory having dimensions of 7.5 m × 4 m × 6 m was shielded throughout

using copper plates over a wooden framework. The shielding plates had
dimension 1.4 m × 0.4 m. Sheets of thickness 0.3 mm were used for side walls

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 Chatterjee et al.: Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation Characteristics

and roof and 1 mm were used for floor. Fig. 3 shows the layout of the plan and the
working area of the laboratory.
The plates were joined by screws to the wooden frame with 5% overlapping
and ensuring a good electrical contact throughout. After fabrication, insulating
varnish was painted over the sheets to prevent oxide formation on copper. A
comprehensive study was made on the shielding behavior of the laboratory with
respect to electromagnetic waves.
The area under experiment was the rectangular working area inside the
shielded laboratory of dimension 7.5m × 4m, as shown in Fig. 3 where all the
working components for PD measurement were placed. The frequency of the
electromagnetic wave under consideration was mainly 657 kHz and 1008 kHz
because these signals are the most prominent signals present in the surrounding
area and is expected to interfere maximum with the required signals during data
acquisition.

Fig. 3. The layout of the plan and the working area of the shielded laboratory.

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For the measurement along X-axis, the experimental area was divided into
equidistant seven grid lines in the working area (Fig. 3.). The height at which
measurements were taken was kept fixed at 0.5m from the floor. This height was
chosen because most of the working components of the laboratory were kept at
this height. Measurements with the developed meter were made along the lines
Xi-Xi′, progressing from the left wall. The vertical plane on which measurements
were taken was similarly divided into seven equidistant grid lines.
The maximum height upto which measurements were taken is 2.5m, beyond
which there is no practical significance for taking readings. Measurements with
the signal strength meter were taken along the lines Zi-Zi′ progressing upward
from the floor. The vertical plane of measurement was at the central line of the
working area where the attenuation was expected to be maximum.
In all the cases the result at a particular point is taken as the average of three
readings those are obtained during measurements.
The results obtained from the measurement along Xi-Xi′ lines in the single-
layer shielded laboratory are shown in Fig. 4. The graphs are plotted in the form
of distance along the line vs. signal strength of the meter in millivolts. The results
obtained were for the sheets screwed together. In all the possible cases
frequencies of 657 kHz and 1008 kHz are placed side by side for a comparative
study.

Fig. 4. Measurements along the plan (Xi-Xi′ lines) at 657 kHz and 1008 kHz for screwed joints
before welding.

Similarly, the results obtained from the measurements along Zi-Zi' lines within
the laboratory for screwed joints are plotted as height from the floor vs. signal
strength of the meter in millivolts. Fig. 5 shows the result.

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 Chatterjee et al.: Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation Characteristics

Fig. 5. Measurements along the height from floor (Zi-Zi′ lines) at 657 kHz and 1008 kHz for
screwed joints before welding.

2) Stage-II: Modification of the shielded laboratory by gas-welding the

copper sheet joints with a copper-alloy solder

At this stage, for further improvement, the sheet joints and screw holes were
welded by gas using a copper-alloy solder. After welding, insulating varnish was
coated over the welded parts to prevent oxide formation on copper. Experiments
were again performed at this stage to note the improvement of the attenuation.
After the sheets were welded in stage II of construction, the results along Xi-
Xi' lines and Zi-Zi' lines in the laboratory were noted and are presented in Fig. 6
and in Fig. 7 respectively.

Fig. 6. Measurements along the plan (Xi-Xi′ lines) at 657 kHz and 1008 kHz after welding the
copper sheets.

In Fig. 7, the lines Z1-Z1' & Z7-Z7', Z2-Z2' & Z6-Z6', and Z3-Z3' & Z5-Z5', are
very close to each other and are thus superimposed so that only four lines are
visible instead of seven.

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 International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Vol. 9 [2008], Iss. 2, Art. 4

Fig. 7. Measurements along the height (Zi-Zi′ lines) at 657 kHz and 1008 kHz after welding the
sheets.

Table II shows a comparative study of the effect of frequency on the

attenuation characteristics of the single layer shielded laboratory before and after
welding of the sheets.

TABLE II: THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY ON THE ATTENUATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR SINGLE
LAYERED SHIELDING
Frequency Average Signal Strength at
Sl. (kHz) working area Attenuation
No. Outside Lab Inside Lab (dB)
(mV) (mV)
Before Welding 1000 200 13.98
1. 657
After Welding 1000 40 27.95
Before Welding 1000 180 14.89
2. 1008
After Welding 1000 30 30.46

3) Measurement inside a GI box

Before undertaking the actual construction of a shielding layer using magnetic

material, the attenuation was studied inside a box made up of galvanized iron (GI)
sheet placed outside and then inside the laboratory to draw an inference of the
effect of a second shielding layer within the laboratory.
The GI box used to study the behavior of a second shield was 255 mm ×160
mm × 130 mm in dimension and the thickness of the plate was 0.85 mm.
To study the effect of shielding inside the GI box, firstly the box was taken
outside the laboratory and the reduction in voltage level (signal strength) with
respect to outside environment was measured by placing the meter inside the box.
Then the box was taken inside the shielded laboratory as a second shielding
enclosure and the decrease in signal strength within the box inside the laboratory
with respect to outside was again computed.
The results showing effect of the second shielded layer in the form of a GI
box are tabulated in Table III.

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TABLE III: RESULTS SHOWING ATTENUATION INSIDE A GI BOX

EM signal strength in the
Freq. EM signal strength outside GI Box
Sl. No. (kHz) laboratory Inside centre of
(mV) Outside Laboratory
Laboratory
(mV)
(mV)
1. 657 1000 301 <1
2. 1008 1000 165 <1

4) Stage-III: Construction of the second shield in the existing copper

shielded laboratory using GI shielding sheets

Inside the aforesaid first layer of shielding in the existing structure of the PD
laboratory, a structure of dimension 3.9 m × 3.75 m × 3m was constructed using
suitable column and beam arrangement. The structure was shielded on all six
surfaces using 2.25 m × 1.05 m GI sheets of thickness 1 mm that formed the
second layer of shielding at the place of working area inside the laboratory
(Fig.3.).
Fig. 8 shows the photograph of the laboratory after construction of the second
layer of shielding. The view is taken from the main entrance.

Fig. 8. Photograph of the double layer shielded laboratory in Jadavpur University.

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Along the breadth of the laboratory, i.e. along the X-axis, five grid lines are
considered that are evenly spaced inside the second shielding in the experimental
area. These fictitious lines are taken as parallel to the wall of the main entrance
(Fig. 3.). On the vertical plane i.e. along the Z-axis, at the central part of the
working area five similar grid lines were considered along which measurements
were taken.
After the construction of the second shielding layer in stage III, the change in
results along Xi-Xi' lines and Zi-Zi' lines were investigated and are presented in
Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b respectively.

(a) (b)
Fig. 9. Measurements at 1008 kHz for double layer (copper and GI) shielding: (a) along the plan
(Xi-Xi′ lines); (b) along the height (Zi-Zi′ lines).

Fig 9 shows the results for 1008 kHz only because at this level of attenuation,
657 kHz produced almost similar results.
Table IV shows a comparative study of the effect of frequency on the
shielding characteristics after the construction of the second shielded layer in
stage III.

TABLE IV: THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY ON THE ATTENUATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR DOUBLE
LAYERED SHIELDING
Frequency Average Signal Strength in the
Sl. (kHz) working area of Laboratory Attenuation
No. Outside Lab Inside Lab (dB)
(mV) (mV)
Single Layer 1000 40 27.95
1. 657
Double Layer 1000 1.4 57.07
Single Layer 1000 30 30.46
2. 1008
Double Layer 1000 1.35 57.39

The laboratory has also been tested by the Society of Applied Microwave
Electronics Engineering and Research under Ministry of Communication and

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 Chatterjee et al.: Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation Characteristics

Information Technology, Government of India, for a certification. Their results

are given below in Table V for the double shielded laboratory.

TABLE V: RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE SOCIETY OF APPLIED MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH FOR THE DOUBLE SHIELDED LABORATORY
Sl. No. Average value of Signal attenuation at working area of
Frequency
Laboratory
(kHz)
(dB)
1. 657 57.15
2. 1008 57.68

III. DISCUSSIONS

The results obtained from the experiments show that the nature of the variation of
signal strength inside the laboratory before and after welding has a significant
difference.
The study along the X-axis in Fig. 4, i.e. before welding, shows that for a
particular line Xi-Xi', as the distance along X-direction increases, the signal
strength falls gradually to a minimum near the centre and then again increases
near the walls. Such variation of the signal strength is because of the fact that the
gaps between the sheets act as the source of secondary wavelets. These secondary
wavelets superpose in different phases depending on the geometry of the
laboratory. In this typical case near the center of the laboratory the path difference
is such that the superposed secondary wavelets are almost in phase opposition. So
the field strength is low in the central region. But in Fig. 6, where the joints were
welded, the nature of the curve is opposite i.e. as the distance along X-direction
increases, the signal strength increases slowly to a maximum near the centre and
then again slowly decreases near the walls. This change in the nature of the signal
strength is because of the welding. The gaps which were the sources of the
secondary wavelets no longer exist; instead a continuous grounded metallic
shielding was obtained. So near the earthed walls the signal strength became low
compared to the central region. Similarly along the elevation of the laboratory, i.e.
along the Z-direction, the signal level slowly decreases along the height from
ground level as shown in Fig. 5, and it is opposite to that as presented in Fig. 7.
Another result shows that after welding, the variation of signal level reduced
significantly especially near the central part of the laboratory along a particular
Xi-Xi' line, e.g. along X5-X5' line. Taking Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 as example, Fig. 4
shows a variation of approx 200 mV along X5-X5' line with respect to its
minimum and maximum value and Fig. 6 shows a variation of 10mV under
similar conditions.

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Results from Table II show that the reduction in signal strength is at least 5
times inside the shielded laboratory as compared to outside before welding. After
welding the reduction is about 25 times. Also, the attenuation is more at 1008 kHz
than 657 kHz.
Experiments with the GI box (Table III) shows that the signal strength
decreases drastically to less than a millivolt when taken inside the laboratory, i.e.
when the effects of the two layers of shielding are cumulated in additive nature.
After actual construction of the second shielding enclosure the results
obtained from the experiments show that the signal strength decreased
considerably due to the addition of the second layer of GI shielding inside the
laboratory. Fig. 9 shows that the addition of the second shielded layer not only
improved the attenuation characteristics, but brought more uniformity in the
signal level especially near the centre of the laboratory. From Fig. 6 we can see
that near the central position the variation in signal strength from X4-X4′ to X5-X5′
line was approx. 12 mV whereas, for the double layer shielding, near the centre,
between X2-X2′ to X3-X3′ this value was reduced to 0.04 mV (Fig. 9a). Fig. 9 also
shows a further investigation along the height in the central part of the laboratory.
Here with an increase in height above the ground level the signal strength
increases gradually. From 0.5 m to 1.5 m height, the signal strength remains more
or less same. The signal strength increases again above 1.5 m height. For a
comparative study, taking a single line Z2-Z2′ as example, Fig. 7 shows maximum
variation of about 2 mV for single layer after welding the sheets and this variation
was reduced to 0.2 mV for double layer (Fig.9b).
The effectiveness of double shielding layers was also confirmed by the
Society of Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research under
Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Government of India.
Their results in Table V showed close match with the results obtained in-
house (Table IV) thereby establishing the validity of the experiments performed
with the developed meter.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

From the results it is clear that the strength of an electromagnetic wave inside a
large shielded place decreases considerably but do not vanish completely. The
signal varies with location within the laboratory but its change is not abrupt or
discontinuous anywhere.
It may also be emphasized that after welding, not only the attenuation
properties improved, the nature of the curves also changed. Welded sheets
produced a relatively uniform attenuated signal level, with very low variation,
especially near the centre of the laboratory. The nature of the curve is opposite for

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screwed and welded joints. For screwed joints the minimum signal is near the
centre. But for welded joints the minimum signal is near the walls which match
the expectation. The results also clearly show that there is a significant difference
in the signal attenuation within the laboratory before and after the welding of
shielding metal plates. It is because of the fact that when the metal plates were
screwed together, there were gaps however small it may be, between two
successive screws, through which electromagnetic waves were able to penetrate.
Gas welding of the metal plates succeeded in blocking such penetration
significantly. The attenuation obtained for a typical frequency of 1008 kHz at a
height of 0.5 m was 15 dB for screwed joints and 31dB for welded joint. The
requirement of shielding is to achieve attenuation of at least 55 dB at a height of
0.5 m where the instruments are to be placed. Though welded joint improved the
attenuation characteristics a lot, still copper shielding alone was found to be
insufficient to achieve this practical goal. In other words it may also be concluded
that for a single layer of shielding made from a good conductor like copper, the
strength of an electromagnetic wave inside a large shielded place decreases
considerably but do not go below a certain level.
The results from the experiments using the GI box show that the attenuation
inside the GI box placed within the laboratory was 59 dB. This result indicate the
necessity of construction of a second shielding layer of magnetic materials, e.g.
GI.
It is observed that the construction of the second shielding layer of actual
dimension made up of a magnetic material like GI helps in further attenuation of
signal strength which can be more than twenty times the attenuation due to the
single layer shielding as may be seen from the results in this paper.
Also, according to the results obtained, though more signal attenuation could
be obtained at places nearer to the wall and also at the floor, as said earlier the
working area will be near the central part of the laboratory with an average height
of 0.5 m above the ground where the instruments are to be placed. It may be seen
from the results that copper shield alone could not achieve the desired goal in
signal attenuation, but the addition of a second shielding layer could effectively
attenuate the signal well below the desired level.

V. REFERENCES

[1] F. Rizk, Y. Gervais and H. Luhrmann, "Performance of electromagnetic

shields in high voltage laboratories," IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and
systems, vol. PAS-94, No. 6, pp. 2077-2083, Nov.-Dec. 1975.
[2] A. J. G. Swainson, "Another look at electromagnetic shielding," Ninth
International Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility (Conf. Publ. No.
396), pp. 106-110, 1994.

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 International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Vol. 9 [2008], Iss. 2, Art. 4

[3] K.F. Casey, "Electromagnetic shielding behavior of wire mesh screens," IEEE
Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 30, issue 3, part 2, pp. 298-306,
Aug. 1988.
[4] B. Chatterjee, S. Chakravorti and C.K. Roy, "Experimental Investigation on
the EM Signal Attenuation Characteristics of a Single-layer Metal Shielded
Laboratory," Proc. of the IEEE Power India Conference, New Delhi, India,
2006.
[5] S. Miyake, Y.Umezu, Y.Sagawa, T. Morita and R. Yoshino, "Investigation
related to construction method and performance of an electromagnetic
shielded enclosure," IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic
Compatibility, pp. 120-125, 1991.
[6] Y.M. Lee, "Upgrading electromagnetic shielding of a military shelter," IEEE
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 1, pp. 464-
468, 1998.
[7] B. Chatterjee, S. Chakravorti and C.K. Roy, " Real Life Experiences in the
Construction of a Large Laboratory having High Quality Electromagnetic
Shielding," Proc. of the IEEE, First International Power and Energy
Conference, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2006.
[8] IEEE standard method for measuring the effectiveness of electromagnetic
shielding enclosures, IEEE Standard 299-1997, Apr. 1998.
[9] P.F. Wilson, J.W. Adams and M.T. Ma, "Measurement of the electromagnetic
shielding capabilities of materials," Proc. IEEE, vol. 74, issue 1, pp. 112-115,
1986.

VI. BIOGRAPHIES

Biswendu Chatterjee was born in Kolkata, West Bengal in

February, 1973. He did his M.E.E. from Jadavpur University,
Kolkata, India in 2004. Presently he is working as a Research
Associate in High Tension Laboratory, Electrical Engineering
Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. His areas of
interest are partial discharge (PD) measurement and
instrumentation, EMI reduction techniques and condition monitoring of large
electrical equipment.

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Debangshu Dey was born in Kolkata, West Bengal on April 1980.

He got his B.E.E and M.E.E. degrees from Jadavpur University,
Kolkata, India in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Presently he is
working as Senior Research Fellow in High Tension Laboratory,
Electrical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata,
India. His areas of interest are sensor linearization, intelligent
instrumentation, signal conditioning and application of optimization and
computational intelligence in electrical measurements.

Sivaji Chakravorti (M'90, SM'2000) did his B.E.E., M.E.E. and

Ph.D from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India in 1983, 1985 and
1993 respectively. From 1985 he is a full-time faculty member of
Electrical Engineering Department of Jadavpur University, where
he is currently Professor in Electrical Engineering. In 1984 he
worked at the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore as Indian
National Science Academy Visiting Fellow. He worked at the Technical
University Munich as Humboldt Research Fellow in 1995-96 and 1999,
respectively. He served as Development Engineer in Siemens AG in Berlin in
1998. He has also worked as Humboldt Research Fellow in ABB Corporate
Research at Ladenburg, Germany in 2002. In 2003 he worked as US-NSF guest
scientist at the Virginia Tech, USA. He has published about 95 research papers
and has authored a book. He is the recipient of Technology Day Award of AICTE
for best project work in 2003. His current fields of interest are numerical field
computation, computer aided design and optimization of insulation system,
application of artificial intelligence in high voltage systems, condition monitoring
of large electrical equipment and electro-magnetic compatibility.

Chinmay Kanti Roy was born in Howrah District, West Bengal on

July 22, 1943. He did his B.E.E., M.E.E., and Ph.D. in 1966, 1969,
and 1980 respectively. His employment experience included the
National Test House, India and Fertilizer Corpn. of India. From
1976 onward till date he is involved in Teaching and Research in
the High Tension Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department,
Jadavpur University, India. His interest and area of research includes High
Voltage Pulse generation techniques, its applications and study of Electric Field in
High Voltage Equipment.

Published by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2008 15