91.

International equity investment:

International equity are considered shares of companies, which are headquartered outside the United
States, for instance Research in Motion (Canada), BMW (Germany), UBS (Switzerland).
Some investors argue that adding international equities to a portfolio can reduce its risk due to regional
diversification.

92. International equity market:

An equity market is a market in which shares are issued and traded, either through exchanges or over-the-
counter markets. Also known as the stock market.

International Equity Markets. Advertisements. International equity markets are an important platform for

global finance. They not only ensure the participation of a wide variety of participants but also offer
global economies to prosper.

93. International Bond market:

The foreign bond market includes the bonds that are sold in a country using that country's currency but
issued by a non-domestic borrower. For example, the Yankee bond market is the U.S. dollar version of
the market.

94. International Finance:

International finance—sometimes known as international macroeconomics—is a section of financial

economics that deals with the monetary interactions that occur between two or more countries. This
section is concerned with topics that include foreign direct investment and currency exchange rates.

95. International Financial institutions:

A financial institution (FI) is a company engaged in the business of dealing with financial and monetary
transactions such as deposits, loans, investments, and currency exchange. Financial institutions
encompass a broad range of business operations within the financial services sector including banks, trust
companies, insurance companies, brokerage firms, and investment dealers. Virtually everyone living in a
developed economy has an ongoing or at least periodic need for the services of financial institutions.
An international financial institution is a financial institution that has been established by more than one
country, and hence are subjects of international law.

96. International Financial risk management:

Financial risk is a term that can apply to businesses, government entities, the financial market as a whole,
and the individual. This risk is the danger or possibility that shareholders, investors, or other financial
stakeholders will lose money.
There are several specific risk factors that can be categorized as a financial risk. Any risk is a hazard that
produces damaging or unwanted results. Some more common and distinct financial risks include credit
risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk.

97. International fund transfer:

An International Money Transfer is an electronic transfer of funds in a specific currency and amount, to a
friend, relative, or company overseas. The person or company you are paying is known as a beneficiary.
The bank the funds are being sent to is known as the beneficiary bank.

98. International investment:

International investing involves selecting global investment instruments as part of a geographically
diversified portfolio. People often invest internationally to increase the diversification of their portfolio
and spread investment risk among foreign markets and companies.

100. International moneytary fund:

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster
global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high
employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

101. Investment Companies:

 An investment company is a corporation or trust engaged in the business of investing the pooled capital
of investors in financial securities. This is most often done either through a closed-end fund or an open-
end fund (also referred to as a mutual fund).
 These companies in the United States are regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
and must be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

102. Investment corporation of Bangladesh:

Investment Corporation of Bangladesh. ... It is mainly an investment bank operating in Bangladesh,
established to accelerate the pace of industrialization and to develop a sound securities market
in Bangladesh. ICB is one of the largest investors in share market of Bangladesh.

103. IRR:
The internal rate of return (IRR) is a metric used in capital budgeting to estimate the profitability of
potential investments. The internal rate of return is a discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV)
of all cash flows from a particular project equal to zero.
The term internal refers to the fact that the calculation excludes external factors, such as the risk-free rate,
inflation, the cost of capital, or various financial risks. It is also called the discounted cash flow rate of
return.

104. Letter of Credit:

A letter of credit, or "credit letter" is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller
will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make a
payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase.
It may be offered as a facility.

105. LIBOR:
The basic rate of interest used in lending between banks on the London interbank market and also used as
a reference for setting the interest rate on other loans.

The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is a benchmark interest rate at which major global banks
lend to one another in the international interbank market for short-term loans.

106. Liquidity preference and Liquidity trap:

Liquidity preference theory is a model that suggests that an investor should demand a higher interest rate
or premium on securities with long-term maturities that carry greater risk because, all other factors being
equal, investors prefer cash or other highly liquid holdings.
A liquidity trap is a situation in which interest rates are low and savings rates are high,
rendering monetary policy ineffective. In a liquidity trap, consumers choose to avoid bonds and keep their
funds in savings because of the prevailing belief that interest rates will soon rise (which would push bond
prices down). Because bonds have an inverse relationship to interest rates, many consumers do not want
to hold an asset with a price that is expected to decline.

107. Long term financing:

The funds which are not paid back within a period of less than a year are referred to as long term finance.
A 20 year mortgage or 10 year treasury bills are examples of long term finance.

Long-term financing is usually needed for acquiring new equipment, R&D, cash flow enhancement, and
company expansion. Some of the major methods for long-term financing are Equity financing, corporate
bond, Capital notes etc.

108. Life insurance:

Life insurance is a contract between an insurer and a policyholder in which the insurer guarantees
payment of a death benefit to named beneficiaries upon the death of the insured. The insurance company
promises a death benefit in consideration of the payment of premium by the insured. This is often
calculated with a free asset ratio.

109. M1, M2 and M3 money:

M1 is the money supply that is composed of physical currency and coin, demand deposits, travelers'
checks, other checkable deposits, and negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts. M1 includes the
most liquid portions of the money supply because it contains currency and assets that either are or can be
quickly converted to, cash. However, "near money" and "near, near money," which fall under M2 and
M3, cannot be converted to currency as quickly.

M2 is a calculation of the money supply that includes all elements of M1 as well as "near money." M1
includes cash and checking deposits, while near money refers to savings deposits, money market
securities, mutual funds, and other time deposits. These assets are less liquid than M1 and not as suitable
as exchange mediums, but they can be quickly converted into cash or checking deposits.

M3 is a measure of the money supply that includes M2 as well as large time deposits, institutional money
market funds, short-term repurchase agreements and larger liquid assets. The M3 measurement includes
assets that are less liquid than other components of the money supply and are referred to as "near, near
money," which are more closely related to the finances of larger financial institutions and corporations
than to those of small businesses and individuals.

110. Margin requirements:

A Margin Requirement is the percentage of marginable securities that an investor must pay for with
his/her own cash. ... When an investor holds securities bought on margin, in order to allow some
fluctuation in price, the minimum margin requirement at Firstrade for most stocks is lowered to 30%.
margin requirement, that part of a security's price that a buyer must pay for in cash. The balance of the
price is met by the broker, who, in effect, is supplying a client with a loan. The smaller the margin, the
greater the inducement to speculation.

111. Marginal Propensity to consume and save:

In economics, the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is defined as the proportion of an aggregate
raise in pay that a consumer spends on the consumption of goods and services, as opposed to saving it.
Marginal propensity to consume is a component of Keynesian macroeconomic theory and is calculated as
the change in consumption divided by the change in income. MPC is depicted by a consumption line,
which is a sloped line created by plotting the change in consumption on the vertical "y" axis and the
change in income on the horizontal "x" axis.

the marginal propensity to save (MPS) refers to the proportion of an aggregate raise in income that a
consumer saves rather than spends on the consumption of goods and services. Put differently, the
marginal propensity to save is the proportion of each added dollar of income that is saved rather than
spent. MPS is a component of Keynesian macroeconomic theory and is calculated as the change in
savings divided by the change in income, or as the complement of the marginal propensity to consume
(MPC).

112. Marginal Propensity to import:

The marginal propensity to import (MPM) is the amount import  increase or decrease with each unit rise
or decline in disposable income. The idea is that rising income for businesses and households spurs
greater demand for goods from abroad and vice versa.

113. Market efficiency:

Market efficiency refers to the degree to which market prices reflect all available, relevant information. If
markets are efficient, then all information is already incorporated into prices, and so there is no way to
"beat" the market because there are no undervalued or overvalued securities available. Market efficiency
was developed in 1970 by economist Eugene Fama.

114. Merchant bank:

A merchant bank is a company that conducts underwriting, loan services, financial advising, and
fundraising services for large corporations and high net worth individuals. Unlike retail or commercial
banks, merchant banks do not provide services to the general public. They do not provide regular banking
services like checking accounts and do not take deposits.
These banks are experts in international trade, which makes them specialists in dealing with multinational
corporations. Some of the largest merchant banks in the world include J.P. Morgan, Goldman Sachs, and
Citigroup.

115. Micro finance:

Microfinance, also called microcredit, is a type of banking service provided to unemployed or low-
income individuals or groups who otherwise would have no other access to financial services. While
institutions participating in the area of microfinance most often provide lending—microloans can range
from as small as $100 to as large as $25,000—many banks offer additional services such as checking and
savings accounts as well as micro-insurance products, and some even provide financial and business
education. The goal of microfinance is to ultimately give impoverished people an opportunity to become
self-sufficient.
116. Mobile banking:
Mobile banking is the act of making financial transactions on a mobile device (cell phone, tablet, etc.).
This activity can be as simple as a bank sending fraud or usage activity to a client’s cell phone or as
complex as a client paying bills or sending money abroad. Advantages to mobile banking include the
ability to bank anywhere and at any time. Disadvantages include security concerns and a limited range of
capabilities when compared to banking in person or on a computer.